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1.	Ahmadi, S, et al. (författare) Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitude Test-26 for female Iranian students 2014 Ingår i: Eating and weight disorders : EWD. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1590-1262. ; 19:2, s. 183-189 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
2.	Askelöf, M, et al. (författare) Eating behaviour and body image in overweight adolescent girls with or without hyperandrogenicity 2007 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 12:1, s. 41-47 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We addressed the question of whether a combination of obesity and hyperandrogenicity has a more severe influence on psychosocial behaviours, as reflected by eating behaviour and body image, compared to obesity alone. AIM: To study eating behaviour and body image in age-, pubertal- and BMI-matched overweight adolescent girls with and without hyperandrogenicity, and to compare the data with those from a control group of normal weight girls. METHODS: Overweight adolescent girls in late puberty with (n=10) and without hyperandrogenicity (n=8) and a control group of normal weight girls (n=9) were studied. The Eating Disorder Inventory for children (EDI-C) questionnaire was used to obtain information on eating behaviours and psychological characteristics, and silhouettes were used to evaluate body image. RESULTS: The girls with overweight but without hyperandrogenicity showed more disturbed eating behaviour and more psychological problems than did the girls with both overweight and hyperandrogenicity as compared to the healthy controls. The overweight group also had more feelings of ineffectiveness than the hyperandrogenic group. Both the overweight and the hyperandrogenic girls estimated themselves as being significantly larger and their ideal shape as being significantly smaller than their Current shape. However, all overweight girls considered their Current shape to be significantly smaller than it was objectively. CONCLUSIONS: The girl With overweight alone seemed to have more disturbed eating behaviour and more psychological problems than girls with combined overweight and hyperandrogenicity. This could indicate that different therapeutic interventions might be needed in attempts to reduce weight in the two groups.
3.	Björk, Tabita, et al. (författare) Reasons for non-participation in follow-up research on eating disorders 2006 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 11:3, s. 147-153 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Lack of participation in follow-ups is thought to be a serious bias in outcome research on eating disorders; however, little systematic knowledge exists about the problem. The present study aimed to delineate non-participation in long-term follow-up research, and explore the reasons for non-participation.METHOD: Eating disorder patients (N=840) entering a naturalistic, longitudinal multi-centre study were divided into participators (N=508) and non-participators (N=332) in 36-month follow-ups. Non-participators were further classified as either active (i.e. refused participation or failed to attend scheduled appointments) or passive non-participators (i.e. could not be traced).RESULTS: Active non-participators exhibited significantly lower levels of general and eating disorder psychopathology at intake compared to participators, while passive non-participators reported higher levels of hostility.DISCUSSION: Systematic exploration of non-participation in longitudinal research can help to mitigate the problem of indistinct results due to missing data. Barriers to successful longitudinal research and how to overcome non-participation at endpoint are discussed.
4.	Bratland-Sanda, S., et al. (författare) Physical activity in treatment units for eating disorders : Clinical practice and attitudes 2009 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 14:2-3, s. E106-E112 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) in eating disorders (ED) may be harmful, but in a therapeutic setting also beneficial. The purpose of this survey was to examine these contradictory aspects of PA in ED specialist treatment settings. We examined whether 1) PA is assessed by the unit, 2) the units have guidelines for managing excessive PA, 3) the units have staff with higher education and special competence in PA and exercise science, 4) how units regard PA in ED, 5) whether regular PA is integrated in the treatment programs, and 6) how the units rate the role of PA in the treatment of ED compared with other mental disorders. METHODS: Of the 49 units located in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, 41 (84%) responded to a questionnaire. RESULTS: In 28 units (68%) PA was assessed regularly. Excessive PA was considered a harmful symptom in ED, and most units reported guidelines to manage excessive PA. Thirty-two units included PA in their treatment programmes. Clinicians found PA most relevant in the treatment of obesity and, except for binge eating, less for ED. CONCLUSION: PA was more commonly integrated in treatment compared to previous studies. Future research should address how to manage excessive PA, and the potential beneficial role of PA in the treatment of ED. (Eating Weight Disord. 14: e106-e112, 2009). (C) 2009, Editrice Kurtis
5.	Carlsson, Martin, et al. (författare) Directly measured free 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels show no evidence of vitamin D deficiency in young Swedish women with anorexia nervosa 2018 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 23:2, s. 247-254 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by low fat mass complicated by osteoporosis. The role of circulating vitamin D in the development of bone loss in AN is unclear. Fat mass is known to be inversely associated with vitamin D levels measured as serum levels of total, protein-bound 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but the importance of directly measured, free levels of 25(OH)D has not been determined in AN. The aim of this study was to investigate vitamin D status, as assessed by serum concentrations of total and free serum 25(OH)D in patients with AN and healthy controls. Methods In female AN patients (n = 20), and healthy female controls (n = 78), total 25(OH)D was measured by LC-MS/MS, and free 25(OH)D with ELISA. In patients with AN bone mineral density (BMD) was determined with DEXA. Results There were no differences between patients and controls in total or free S-25(OH)D levels (80 +/- 31 vs 72 +/- 18 nmol/L, and 6.5 +/- 2.5 vs 5.6 +/- 1.8 pg/ml, respectively), and no association to BMD was found. In the entire group of patients and controls, both vitamin D parameters correlated with BMI, leptin, and PTH. Conclusions The current study did not demonstrate a vitamin D deficiency in patients with AN and our data does not support vitamin D deficiency as a contributing factor to bone loss in AN. Instead, we observed a trend toward higher vitamin D levels in AN subjects compared to controls. Measurement of free vitamin D levels did not contribute to additional information.
6.	Cavalera, C, et al. (författare) Erratum to: Shame proneness and eating disorders: a comparison between clinical and non-clinical samples 2017 Ingår i: Eating and weight disorders : EWD. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1590-1262. ; 22:2, s. 379-379 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
7.	Dahlén, Amelia, et al. (författare) Phonological working memory is adversely affected in adults with anorexia nervosa : a systematic literature review 2022 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27:6, s. 1931-1952 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose Cognitive restraint has potentiating and deleterious effects on working memory (WM) in anorexia nervosa (AN). Conflicting evidence may be due to heterogeneity of tasks examining different WM components (e.g., verbal/auditory versus visuospatial), and differences in adolescent versus adult AN. Additionally, differential cognitive profiles of restricting versus binge/purging subtypes, comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychotropic medication use may confound findings.Methods To address these conflicts, 25 studies, published between 2016 and 2021, investigating WM in children, adolescents and adults with AN were systematically reviewed using PRISMA guidelines.Results In 71% of WM tasks, no difference in performance between AN patients and age-matched controls was reported, while 29% of WM tasks showed worse performance. Adults with AN displayed deficits in 44% of the verbal/auditory tasks, while performance remained unaffected in 86% of visuospatial tasks.Conclusion Examining age groups and WM subsystems separately revealed novel findings of differentially affected WM components in AN. Comorbidities and psychotropic medications were common among AN participants and should be regarded as critical confounding factors for WM measures. Future studies examining different components of WM, acknowledging these confounding factors, may reveal specific deficits in AN to aid treatment improvement strategies.
8.	Dakanalis, Antonios, et al. (författare) Cognitive-behavioral or psychodynamic therapy for people with bulimia nervosa 2017 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : SPRINGER. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 22:3, s. 555-556 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
9.	Dakanalis, Antonios, et al. (författare) Severity of bulimia nervosa and its impact on treatment outcome 2017 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 22:4, s. 727-729 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
10.	de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, 1969-, et al. (författare) Binge eating in surgical weight-loss treatments : long-term associations with weight loss, health related quality of life (HRQL), and psychopathology 2011 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Editrice Kurtis S R L. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 16:4, s. E263-E269 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Studies that have investigated the relationship between binge eating and the long-term outcome of bariatric surgery have shown mixed results. Does binge eating affect long-term BMI, health-related quality of life (HRQL), or psychopathology after surgery?METHODS: We assessed 173 bariatric patients before and three years after weight loss surgery with regard to weight, binge eating, HRQL, and psychopathology.RESULTS: Binge eating before and after weight loss surgery was unrelated to long-term BMI outcome. Binge eating after weight loss surgery was associated with more psychopathology and lower HRQL.CONCLUSIONS: Binge eating before or after weight loss surgery does not predict long-term BMI outcome. Therefore, exclusions from surgery for this reason alone are difficult to motivate. However, results show that binge eating after weight loss surgery is common and is associated with more psychopathology and lower HRQL, which might increase the vulnerability for future weight regain and complications beyond the follow-up period of the present study. The high rate of binge eating after surgery and its negative association with HRQL and psychopathology suggest that we need to be observant of the occurrence and potential effects of binge eating in the context of bariatric surgery.
11.	De Man Lapidoth, Joakim, 1969-, et al. (författare) Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorders in Obesity questionnaire : Validating against the Eating Disorder Examination interview 2007 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Editrice Kurtis s.r.l.. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 12:4, s. 168-175 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Inconclusive results of how weight-loss treatment (WLT) results are affected by participants' eating disorders and/or binge eating are partly due to the variation caused by the multitude of assessment instruments used. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short DSM-IV-based assessment instrument designed to be used specifically in WLT settings, the Eating Disorders in Obesity (EDO) questionnaire. Participants were 97 patients seeking WLT at four surgical and one non-surgical clinics. Participants were assessed by the EDO and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview . The validity and reliability of the EDO was measured as concordance with the EDE, and test-retest agreement of the EDO, respectively. Validity as well as reliability was found to be good for both eating disorders diagnoses and binge eating as a distinct symptom. Results suggest that the EDO is a short, easily administered instrument with good psychometric properties which makes it a suitable, economical method of assessing eating disorders and binge eating in clinical WLT settings. ©2007, Editrice Kurtis.
12.	Dias, Bernardo Santos, et al. (författare) Influence of fears of compassion on body image shame and disordered eating 2020 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 25:1, s. 99-106 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: The current study tested a path model examining the impact of fears of compassion in the adoption of disordered eating and whether social safeness and body shame would mediate this relationship.Methods: Participants were 645 women (aged between 18 and 55) from the general community, who completed an online survey.Results: Results indicated that fears of compassion were negatively associated with one's ability to feel secure and safe within close relationships, and positively linked with higher levels of body shame and disordered eating. The tested model accounted for 62% of the variance of disordered eating. Path analyses results revealed that the three dimensions of fears of compassion impacted on disordered eating. Particularly, fear of expressing compassion for others presented a direct impact on disordered eating. Moreover, fears of self-compassion and fears of receiving compassion from others partially impacted on disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, through the mechanisms of social safeness and body image-focused shame. These findings suggested that women who present higher levels of fear of self-compassion and of receiving signs of affection and compassion from others tend to feel more insecure in their social group, which seem explain body shame and the engagement in disordered eating behaviours.Conclusions: This study highlights the pathogenic impact of fears of compassion on body image and eating attitudes and behaviours. The current data seem to offer relevant insights for research and clinical practice, by supporting the relevance of developing compassionate abilities and attitudes to target body image and eating-related difficulties.
13.	Donini, Lorenzo M, et al. (författare) A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa 2022 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - Milan : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27, s. 3695-3711 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις, appetite) in 1997 to describe an obsession with “correct” eating, it has been used worldwide without a consistent definition. Although multiple authors have proposed diagnostic criteria, and many theoretical papers have been published, no consensus definition of ON exists, empirical primary evidence is limited, and ON is not a standardized diagnosis. These gaps prevent research to identify risk and protective factors, pathophysiology, functional consequences, and evidence-based therapeutic treatments. The aims of the current study are to categorize the common observations and presentations of ON pathology among experts in the eating disorder field, propose tentative diagnostic criteria, and consider which DSM chapter and category would be most appropriate for ON should it be included.Methods: 47 eating disorder researchers and multidisciplinary treatment specialists from 14 different countries across four continents completed a three-phase modified Delphi process, with 75% agreement determined as the threshold for a statement to be included in the final consensus document. In phase I, participants were asked via online survey to agree or disagree with 67 statements about ON in four categories: A–Definition, Clinical Aspects, Duration; B–Consequences; C–Onset; D–Exclusion Criteria, and comment on their rationale. Responses were used to modify the statements which were then provided to the same participants for phase II, a second round of feedback, again in online survey form. Responses to phase II were used to modify and improve the statements for phase III, in which statements that met the predetermined 75% of agreement threshold were provided for review and commentary by all participants.Results: 27 statements met or exceeded the consensus threshold and were compiled into proposed diagnostic criteria for ON.Conclusions: This is the first time a standardized definition of ON has been developed from a worldwide, multidisciplinary cohort of experts. It represents a summary of observations, clinical expertise, and research findings from a wide base of knowledge. It may be used as a base for diagnosis, treatment protocols, and further research to answer the open questions that remain, particularly the functional consequences of ON and how it might be prevented or identified and intervened upon in its early stages. Although the participants encompass many countries and disciplines, further research will be needed to determine if these diagnostic criteria are applicable to the experience of ON in geographic areas not represented in the current expert panel.Level of evidence: Level V: opinions of expert committees.© 2022, The Author(s).
14.	Donini, Lorenzo M., et al. (författare) Correction : A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa 2023 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - Milan : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 28 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In this article Rebecca C. Reynolds was missing from the author list. The complete correct author group is given below. Lorenzo M. Donini, Juan Ramón Barrada, Friederike Barthels, Thomas M. Dunn, Camille Babeau, Anna Brytek-Matera, Hellas Cena, Silvia Cerolini, Hye-hyun Cho, Maria Coimbra, Massimo Cuzzolaro, Claudia Ferreira, Valeria Galfano, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Souheil Hallit, Linn Håman, Phillipa Hay, Masahito Jimbo, Clotilde Lasson, Eva-Carin Lindgren, Renee McGregor, Marianna Minnetti, Edoardo Mocini, Sahar Obeid, Crystal D. Oberle, Maria-Dolores Onieva-Zafra, Marie-Christine Opitz, María-Laura Parra-Fernández, Reinhard Pietrowsky, Natalija Plasonja, Eleonora Poggiogalle, Adrien Rigó, Rachel F. Rodgers, Maria Roncero, Carmina Saldaña, Cristina Segura-Garcia, Jessica Setnick, Ji-Yeon Shin, Grazia Spitoni, Jana Strahler, Nanette Stroebele-Benschop, Patrizia Todisco, Mariacarolina Vacca, Martina Valente, Màrta Varga, Andrea Zagaria, Hana Flynn Zickgraf, Rebecca C. Reynolds & Caterina Lombardo. The original article [1] has been corrected. © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
15.	Duarte, Cristiana, et al. (författare) Normative body dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in teenage girls : the impact of inflexible eating rules 2016 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 21:1, s. 41-48 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Adolescence has been considered a critical time for the development of body image-related difficulties and disordered eating behaviours, especially in females. Although adherence to eating rules has been linked to disordered eating, literature has not yet explored how the inflexible subscription to those rules impacts on eating psychopathology. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore whether inflexible eating impacts on the relationships between weight and body image-related variables, and disordered eating.Participated in this study are 497 female adolescents from the community, aged between 14 and 18 years old, who completed self-report measures.Results revealed that the majority of the participants were dissatisfied with their weight and body shape. Moreover, 6.64 % of the participants demonstrated severe eating psychopathology. A path analysis revealed that BMI, body dissatisfaction and social comparisons based on physical appearance impact on disordered eating behaviours, through the mechanism of inflexible adherence to eating rules. This model explained 52 % of eating psychopathology's variance.Findings highlight the relevance of body image-related difficulties in adolescence and additionally they emphasise the importance of promoting more flexible attitudes towards eating in prevention and intervention programmes with female adolescents.
16.	Edlund, Klara, et al. (författare) Body image and compulsive exercise : Are there associations with depression among university students? 2022 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27:7, s. 2397-2405 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: Mental health problems among university students have been reported to be significantly increasing and suggested to be associated with college drop-out. Body dissatisfaction and compulsive exercise are both constructs relevant for mental health problems in general and eating disorders in particular. This study examined associations between body dissatisfaction, compulsive exercise and self-reported symptoms of depression among Swedish university students.METHODS: Participants (n = 4262) are students in an ongoing cohort study, and data from the baseline assessment were used. Four linear regression models were built to explore the associations between body dissatisfaction, compulsive weight control exercise and depressive symptoms.RESULTS: Our findings showed that females reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction than males. Body dissatisfaction and compulsive exercise were associated with self-reported symptoms of depression in this non-clinical population. Results showed that compulsive exercise was negatively associated with reported symptoms of depression, while body dissatisfaction was positively associated with symptoms of depression.CONCLUSION: In line with previous research, there was a gender difference in body dissatisfaction where females displayed higher levels of dissatisfaction than males. Body dissatisfaction was positively associated with reported symptoms of depression, suggesting support of previous research indicating body dissatisfaction to increase mental health problems. Compulsive exercise was negatively associated with symptoms of depression suggesting a behavior negatively reinforced, supporting both constructs to be of interest for reported symptoms of depression in a non-clinical population of Swedish university students.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, cohort study.TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ID : NCT04465435.
17.	Erikson, Martin G., et al. (författare) Desirable possible selves and depression in adult women with eating disorders 2014 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Editrice Kurtis s.r.l.. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 19:2, s. 145-151 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose Possible selves are conceptions of our selves in future states. Previous findings indicated that women with anorexia nervosa tended to have more negative possible selves than a control group, even when rating future situations normally regarded in our society as desirable. The present study investigated whether this was a general pattern in women with eating disorders, relating findings on possible selves to depression. Possible selves concerning treatment were also included. Methods Patients with anorexia nervosa (n = 19), bulimia nervosa (n = 29) or an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (n = 18) and a control group (n = 27) rated the valence of five possible selves on Likert’s scales. Levels of depression were measured among the patients using the Beck Depression Inventory. Results The patients rated the valence of the possible selves significantly less positively and more negatively than did the control group. A strong correlation between valence and depression was found in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. No such correlation was found in patients with EDNOS. Possible selves concerning future treatment were rated even more negatively. Conclusions The results indicate that, when compared to a non-patient group, eating disorder patients make more negative evaluations of possible selves usually seen as desirable. Depression may be a mediating factor in these evaluations for the anorexia and bulimia patients.
18.	Ferreira, Cláudia, et al. (författare) Body image-related cognitive fusion as a main mediational process between body-related experiences and women’s quality of life 2015 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 20:1, s. 91-97 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Although the experience of body image has been considered an important indicator of women's psychological quality of life (QoL), it has also been suggested that the impact of unwanted body-related experiences on QoL may be mediated by emotional regulation processes. The aim of the current study was therefore to explore for the first time the role of body image-related cognitive fusion on these associations.Methods: This study comprised 779 young females who completed self-report measures. A path analysis was conducted to explore whether BMI, body dissatisfaction and feelings of inferiority based on physical appearance would impact on psychological QoL through body image-related cognitive fusion.Results: The model explained 39 % of psychological health, and revealed an excellent fit. Results showed that BMI did not directly impact on psychological health. Furthermore, the effects of increased body dissatisfaction and feelings of inferiority based on physical appearance on psychological health were fully and partially mediated by body image-related cognitive fusion, respectively.Conclusions: These findings suggest that the presence of body image-related negative experiences does not necessarily lead to impairment in women's QoL, which is rather dependent upon one's ability to observe these unwanted experiences as transient and subjective. Therefore, intervention programmes aiming at increasing women's QoL should focus on targeting emotional regulation processes in order to develop the ability to pursue life goals and values, even in the presence of unwanted experiences concerning body image.
19.	Ferreira, Cláudia, et al. (författare) Explaining rigid dieting in normal-weight women : the key role of body image inflexibility 2016 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 21:1, s. 49-56 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Restrictive dieting is an increasing behavior presented by women in modern societies, independently of their weight. There are several known factors that motivate diet, namely a sense of dissatisfaction with one's body and unfavorable social comparisons based on physical appearance. However, dieting seems to have a paradoxical effect and has been considered a risk factor for weight gain and obesity in women and for maladaptive eating. Nevertheless, the study of the emotional regulation processes that explain the adoption of inflexible and rigid eating behaviors still remains little explored. In this line, the present study aims to explore why normal-weight women engage in highly rigid and inflexible diets. We hypothesize that body and weight dissatisfaction and unfavorable social comparisons based on physical appearance explain the adoption of inflexible eating rules, through the mechanisms of body image inflexibility. The current study comprised 508 normal-weight female college students. Path analyses were conducted to explore the study's hypotheses. Results revealed that the model explained 43 % of inflexible eating and revealed excellent fit indices. Furthermore, the unwillingness to experience unwanted events related to body image (body image inflexibility) mediated the impact of body dissatisfaction and unfavorable social comparisons on the adoption of inflexible eating rules. This study highlights the relevance of body image inflexibility to explain rigid eating attitudes, and it seems to be an important avenue for the development of interventions focusing on the promotion of adaptive attitudes towards body image and eating in young women.
20.	Ferreira, Cláudia, et al. (författare) How do warmth, safeness and connectedness-related memories and experiences explain disordered eating? 2018 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 23:5, s. 629-636 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Literature suggested that the recall of early positive experiences have a major impact on the promotion of feelings of connectedness and social safeness, and seems to protect individuals against psychopathology. Recent research has also demonstrated that the absence of these positive rearing memories play a key role on disordered eating-related behaviours. The impact of early affiliative memories on disordered eating do not seem to be direct, and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are scarcely investigated. The present study aimed to clarify how memories of warmth and safeness explain the adoption of disordered eating attitudes, and tested the mediator role of social safeness, external shame and appearance-focused social comparison on aforementioned relationship, in a sample of 277 young women. The tested model explained 36% of eating psychopathology's variance and presented an excellent fit. Path analysis results indicated that the impact of rearing memories on eating psychopathology was fully mediated through the mechanisms of social safeness, external shame and appearance-focused social comparison. Specifically, these findings suggested that the extent to which positive rearing memories are associated with lower levels of disordered eating attitudes is influenced by the current feelings of social safeness and connectedness, which in turn are totally carried by decreased feelings of external shame and by lower endorsement on unfavourable comparison based on physical appearance with proximal targets (peers). These results seem to offer important insights for research and clinical work on body image and eating-related difficulties, suggesting the relevance of promoting warm and safe interactions with others.Level of evidenceLevel V, descriptive study.
21.	Ferreira, Cláudia, et al. (författare) When thought suppression backfires : its moderator effect on eating psychopathology 2015 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 20:3, s. 355-362 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recently, several studies have pointed the importance of thought suppression as a form of experiential avoidance in different psychopathological conditions. Thought suppression may be conceptualized as an attempt to decrease or eliminate unwanted internal experiences. However, it encloses a paradoxical nature, making those thoughts hyper accessible and placing an extra burden on individuals. This avoidance process has been associated with several psychopathological conditions. However, its role in eating psychopathology remains unclear. The present study aims to explore the moderation effect of thought suppression on the associations between body image-related unwanted internal experiences (unfavorable social comparison through physical appearance and body image dissatisfaction) and eating psychopathology severity in a sample of 211 female students. Correlational analyses showed that thought suppression is associated with psychological inflexibility and eating disorders' main risk factors and symptoms. Moreover, two independent analyses revealed that thought suppression moderates, as it amplifies, the impact of unfavorable social comparisons through physical appearance (model 1) and body image dissatisfaction (model 2) on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Hence, for the same level of these body-related internal experiences, young females who reveal higher levels of thought suppression present higher eating psychopathology. Taken together, these findings highlight the key role of thought suppression in eating psychopathology and present important clinical implications.
22.	Gaudio, Santino, et al. (författare) Personality and eating and weight disorders : an open research challenge 2018 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : SPRINGER. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 23:2, s. 143-147 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
23.	Gaudio, Santino, et al. (författare) What about the assessment of personality disturbance in adolescents with eating disorders? 2017 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 22:3, s. 551-552 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
24.	Gezelius, Christina, et al. (författare) Adolescent patients with eating disorders and their parents : a study of self-image and outcome at an intensive outpatient program 2016 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 21:4, s. 607-616 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose The main aim of this clinical study was to explore how adolescent patients with eating disorders and their parents report their perceived self-image, using Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB), before and after treatment at an intensive outpatient program. Another aim was to relate the self-image of the young patients to the outcome measures body mass index (BMI) and Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS) score.Methods A total of 93 individuals (32 adolescents, 34 mothers, and 27 fathers) completed the SASB self-report questionnaire before and after family-based treatment combined with an individual approach at a child and youth psychiatry day care unit. The patients were also assessed using the C-GAS, and their BMI was calculated.Results The self-image (SASB) of the adolescent patients was negative before treatment and changed to positive after treatment, especially regarding the clusters self-love (higher) and self-blame (lower). A positive correlation between change in self-love and in C-GAS score was found, which rose significantly. Increased self-love was an important factor, explaining a variance of 26 %. BMI also increased significantly, but without any correlation to change in SASB. The patients' fathers exhibited low on the cluster self-protection. Mothers' profiles were in line with a non-clinical group.Conclusions Results indicate that the self-image of adolescent patients change from negative to positive alongside with a mainly positive outcome of the ED after treatment. Low self-protection according to SASB among fathers suggests the need for greater focus on their involvement.
25.	Gezelius, Christina M. E., et al. (författare) Relation between increasing attachment security and weight gain : a clinical study of adolescents and their parents at an outpatient ward 2023 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Nature. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 28:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the impact of a relational focus in the treatment of adolescent ED-patients and their parents at an intensive outpatient ward, based on attachment theory, combined with a family approach and psychodynamic principles. Our aim was to investigate the distribution of different attachment styles among the adolescent ED-patients and their parents, and to find out if they could change by the treatment.Methods: Swedish adolescents (n = 33; 3 boys, 30 girls) and their parents (n = 60; 34 mothers, 26 fathers) participated. Measures: Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) before and after treatment.Results: The adolescents were high on Need for Approval (ASQ4) of the Insecure/Anxious scale before treatment (in contrast to the parents). The patients had a significant decrease in ASQ4 after treatment, which correlated inversely to the increase in BMI but not to CGAS. The mothers showed features of the Secure/Confident style, fathers of the Insecure/Avoidant with elevated Relationships as Secondary (ASQ2).Conclusions: Treatment with a relational and a family focus has impact on attachment insecurity in adolescent ED-patients and outcomes in terms of BMI. It is important to engage the parents, who need to help the adolescents to separate at that developmental stage. A secure therapeutic context, which enables mentalizations and allows new relational experiences, is essential. The ASQ-instrument is useful in indicating how the treatment of ED-adolescents is proceeding.
26.	Halvarsson-Edlund, K., et al. (författare) Prediction of disturbed eating attitudes in adolescent girls : A 3-year longitudinal study of eating patterns, self-esteem and coping 2008 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 13:2, s. 87-94 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to examine the extent to which yearly assessments of eating patterns and attitudes, self-esteem and coping strategies over a 3-year period among adolescent girls predicted the degree of disturbed eating attitudes at the year 3-assessment. Our main hypothesis was that such attitudes year 3 would be predicted by eating attitudes, restrained, emotional, and external eating behaviour, as well as by low self-esteem and coping by acting out or avoidance. METHOD: Three-hundred and seventy-eight Swedish adolescent girls were assessed once a year for three years. RESULTS: The results suggest that eating patterns and attitudes were the strongest predictors of disturbed eating attitudes year 3. Self-esteem and coping had a limited predictive value for eating attitudes year 3, and the effect of self-esteem appeared to be mediated by coping. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that early eating patterns (e.g., more disturbed eating attitudes and restrained eating behaviors) and attitudes are potentially important predictors for the development of more serious eating disturbances among adolescent girls.
27.	Hansson, L M, et al. (författare) How do eating disorder patients eat after treatment? Dietary habits and eating behaviour three years after entering treatment. 2011 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 16:1, s. e1-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Improvements in psychological symptoms and weight have often been demonstrated following eating disorder (ED) treatment, but it is not clear to what extent eating behaviour itself is normalised. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate dietary habits and eating behaviour in ED patients three years after entering treatment.METHOD: ED patients (N=70) were divided into those who had recovered (N=36), and those who still suffered from bulimic (N=18) or anorexic (N=16) psychopathology. Patients were compared to a female normal control group of similar age (N=61), and assessments were made on a dietary questionnaire, as well as the BDI, EDI-2, SASB and SCL-90.RESULTS: With some notable exceptions eating patterns in recovered patients resembled those of controls. Dieting was most evident in recovered and current bulimic patients, while restrictive eating and vegetarianism was found in recovered or current anorexic patients. A majority of the patients with ongoing EDs avoided fatty foods.DISCUSSION: Risk behaviours such as restrictive eating, dieting and food avoidance, may have an important impact on relapse rates, and it may therefore be imperative to continue to monitor eating behaviour in ED patients following treatment termination to ensure better long-term outcome.
28.	Hansson, L. M., et al. (författare) How do eating disorder patients eat after treatment? Dietary habits and eating behaviour three years after entering treatment 2011 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 16:1, s. 1-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: Improvements in psychological symptoms and weight have often been demonstrated following eating disorder (ED) treatment, but it is not clear to what extent eating behaviour itself is normalised. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate dietary habits and eating behaviour in ED patients three years after entering treatment. METHOD: ED patients (N=70) were divided into those who had recovered (N=36), and those who still suffered from bulimic (N=18) or anorexic (N=16) psychopathology. Patients were compared to a female normal control group of similar age (N=61), and assessments were made on a dietary questionnaire, as well as the BDI, EDI-2, SASB and SCL-90. RESULTS: With some notable exceptions eating patterns in recovered patients resembled those of controls. Dieting was most evident in recovered and current bulimic patients, while restrictive eating and vegetarianism was found in recovered or current anorexic patients. A majority of the patients with ongoing EDs avoided fatty foods. DISCUSSION: Risk behaviours such as restrictive eating, dieting and food avoidance, may have an important impact on relapse rates, and it may therefore be imperative to continue to monitor eating behaviour in ED patients following treatment termination to ensure better long-term outcome.
29.	Hemmingsen, Simone Daugaard, et al. (författare) Cognitive performance in hospitalized patients with severe or extreme anorexia nervosa 2023 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Nature. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 28:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Severe malnourishment may reduce cognitive performance in anorexia nervosa (AN). We studied cognitive functioning during intensive nutritional and medical stabilization in patients with severe or extreme AN and investigated associations between weight gain and cognitive improvement.Methods: A few days after admission to a specialized hospital unit, 33 patients with severe or extreme AN, aged 16–42 years, completed assessments of memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and attention. Mean hospitalization was 6 weeks. Patients completed the same assessments at discharge (n = 22) following somatic stabilization and follow-up up to 6 months after discharge (n = 18).Results: The patients displayed normal cognitive performance at admission compared to normative data. During nutritional stabilization, body weight increased (mean: 11.3%; range 2.6–22.2%) and memory, attention, and processing speed improved (p values: ≤ 0.0002). No relationship between weight gain and cognitive improvement was observed at discharge or follow-up.Conclusions: Cognitive performance at hospital admission was normal in patients with severe or extreme AN and improved during treatment although without association to weight gain. Based on these results, which are in line with previous studies, patients with severe or extreme AN need not be excluded from cognitively demanding tasks, possibly including psychotherapy. As patients may have other symptoms that interfere with psychotherapy, future research could investigate cognitive functioning in everyday life in patients with severe AN.Trial registration number: The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02502617). Level of evidence: Level III, cohort study.
30.	Högdahl, Louise, et al. (författare) How effective is bibliotherapy-based self-help cognitive behavioral therapy with Internet support in clinical settings? Results from a pilot study. 2013 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 18:1, s. 37-44 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cognitive behavioral therapy-based guided self-help (CBT-GSH) via the Internet has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN) and similar eating disorders (EDs), but it is rarely offered, and little is known about the effects, in clinical settings. The present study investigated the effects of a bibliotherapy-based CBT-GSH with Internet support in a clinical setting. Participants were 48 adult outpatients who were recruited without randomization from a specialized ED clinic, diagnosed with BN or similar eating disorder. Forty-eight patients in an intensive day patient program (DPP) were used as comparison group. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 measured pre- and post treatment symptoms. Results showed that both groups attained significant improvements in core- as well as related ED symptoms in both instruments. As expected, treatment effects were larger in the more intensive DPP. Nonetheless, bibliotherapy CBT-GSH appears to be a cost-effective treatment that represents a new way to provide more CBT in clinical settings.
31.	Järvholm, Kajsa, et al. (författare) Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in young adults 5 years after undergoing bariatric surgery as adolescents 2021 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 26:4, s. 1211-1221 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasingly used in adolescents. The aim was to explore symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adults over 5 years’ follow-up after undergoing MBS. Methods: Beck Depression Inventory-2 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety in 62 patients 1, 2, and 5 years after having Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at 13–18 years of age. Mental health, eating-related problems, and weight outcomes were tested for association with suicidal ideation at the 5-year follow-up. Results: At the 5-year follow-up, the mean score for depression was 11.4 (± 12.4), indicating minimal symptoms of depression. The mean score for anxiety was 12.82 (± 11.50), indicating mild anxiety symptoms. Still, several participants reported moderate or severe symptoms of depression (26%) and anxiety (32%). Women reported more symptoms than men (P = 0.03 and 0.04). No significant changes were found in self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety between the 1-year and the 5-year follow-up (P = 0.367 and 0.934). Suicidal ideation was reported by 16% at the 5-year follow-up. Participants reporting suicidal ideation had lost significantly less excess weight than participants without suicidal ideation (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Five years after adolescent MBS, a substantial minority still struggles with mental health issues, and women are more burdened than men. Our results indicate an association between less optimal weight loss and suicidal ideation 5 years after MBS. The findings emphasize the importance of offering long-term follow-up and mental health treatment several years after MBS. Level of evidence: Level III, cohort study. Clinical trial registration: The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00289705). First posted February 10, 2006.
32.	Lapidoth, JD, et al. (författare) Eating disorder symptoms, psychiatric correlates and self-image in normal, overweight and obese eating disorder patients 2014 Ingår i: Eating and weight disorders : EWD. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1590-1262. ; 19:2, s. 233-240 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
33.	Larsen, Anna, et al. (författare) Bulimia symptoms in Czech youth : prevalence and association with internalizing problems 2020 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 25, s. 1543-1552 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective Although clinical studies suggest that bulimia symptoms are common in youth, research on the prevalence of such symptoms and of their association with comorbid internalizing problems in the general population has been limited. This study aimed to evaluate the gender-specific prevalence of bulimia symptoms in Czech youth and explored the association between a clinical level of self-reported bulimia symptoms (CLBS) and internalizing problems by gender, controlling for age, socio-economic status and puberty status. Method The study was conducted on a representative national sample of Czech youth (N = 4430, 57.0% female) using self-report scales. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to examine the associations. Results The 3-month CLBS prevalence was higher in girls (11.4%) than in boys (3.8%) and in both genders a CLBS was associated with higher levels of comorbid internalizing problems. Discussion Timely recognition of bulimia symptoms and associated risk factors is important for early prevention and intervention strategies.
34.	Lin, Chung-Ying, et al. (författare) Psychological distress and quality of life in Iranian adolescents with overweight/obesity : mediating roles of weight bias internalization and insomnia 2020 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 25, s. 1583-1592 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: To examine whether weight-related self-stigma (aka weight bias internalization) and insomnia are potential predictors of psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) among Iranian adolescents with overweight (OW)/obesity (OB). To examine whether weight-related self-stigma and insomnia are potential mediators in the relationship between excess weight and health outcomes of distress and QoL.METHODS: All participants (n = 934; 444 males; mean age = 15.7 ± 1.2 years; zBMI = 2.8 ± 1.0) completed questionnaires on weight-related self-stigma and insomnia at baseline. Six months later, they completed questionnaires on psychological distress and QoL to assess health outcomes. Relationships among variables were tested using mediation analyses with bootstrapping method.RESULTS: Weight-related self-stigma significantly mediated the effects of zBMI on psychological distress (effect = 0.22; bootstrapping SE = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.45), psychosocial QoL (effect = - 0.64; bootstrapping SE = 0.19; 95% CI = - 1.10, - 0.32), and physical QoL (effect = - 1.35; bootstrapping SE = 0.54; 95% CI = - 2.43, - 0.26). Insomnia also significantly mediated the effects of zBMI on psychological distress (effect = 2.18; bootstrapping SE = 0.31; 95% CI = 1.61, 2.81), psychosocial QoL (effect = - 0.89; bootstrapping SE = 0.33; 95% CI = - 1.60, - 0.28), and physical QoL (effect = - 0.83; bootstrapping SE = 0.42; 95% CI = - 1.69, - 0.02). Full mediations were found in psychosocial QoL; partial mediations were found in psychological distress and physical QoL.CONCLUSIONS: Weight-related self-stigma and insomnia were significant mediators in the effects of excess weight on health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to identify and treat weight-related self-stigma and insomnia for adolescents with OW/OB.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
35.	Lin, Chung-Ying, et al. (författare) Psychometric testing on two weight stigma instruments in Iran : Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire and Weight Bias Internalized Scale 2020 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 25:4, s. 889-901 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: This study aimed to comprehensively and thoroughly examine the psychometric properties of two commonly used weight-related self-stigma instruments on Iranian adolescents with overweight or obesity: Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire [WSSQ] and Weight Bias Internalization Scale [WBIS].METHODS: After ensuring the linguistic validity of both the WSSQ and WBIS in their Persian versions, 737 Iranian adolescents with overweight or obesity (male = 354; mean age = 15.8 ± 1.3 years; body mass index = 30.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2) completed both questionnaires and other relevant measures regarding their depression, anxiety, stress, dietary self-efficacy, weight efficacy lifestyle, quality of life, body fat, self-esteem, body shape preoccupation, and sleepiness.RESULTS: In the scale level, the confirmatory factory analysis verified the two-factor structure for the WSSQ and the single-factor structure for the WBIS. The factorial structures were further found to be invariant across gender (male vs. female) and across weight status (overweight vs. obesity). Additionally, both the WSSQ and WBIS had promising properties in internal consistency, test-retest reliability, separation reliability, and separation index. In the item level, all items but WBIS item 1 (infit mean square = 1.68; outfit mean square = 1.60) had satisfactory properties in factor loadings, corrected item-total correlation, test-retest reliability, and infit and outfit mean square. Moreover, all the items did not display substantial differential item functioning (DIF) across gender and across weight status.CONCLUSION: Both the WSSQ and WBIS were valid instruments to assess the internalization of weight bias for Iranian adolescents with overweight or obesity.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
36.	Lin, Chung-Ying, et al. (författare) Validity of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) : Classical test theory and item response theory of the Persian YFAS-C 2021 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 26, s. 1457-1466 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: To examine whether the child/adolescent version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS-C) is valid to assess the Iranian adolescents who are overweight.Methods: After using an internationally standardized method to translate the YFAS-C into Persian, 1186 overweight/obese adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years participated in the present study [666 males; mean age = 15.5 (SD = 1.9) years; zBMI = 2.5 (1.0) kg/m2]. All the participants completed the Persian YFAS-C alongside Persian versions of the following scales: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ), Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21).Results: At the scale level, confirmatory factor analysis verified the single-factor structure of the Persian YFAS-C. Additionally, the Persian YFAS-C had promising properties regarding internal consistency (KR20 = 0.81), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83), separation reliability (person separation reliability = 0.77; item separation reliability = 0.98), and separation index (person separation index = 2.04; item separation index = 8.01). At the item level, all items had satisfactory properties in factor loadings, corrected item-total correlation, test–retest reliability, and infit and outfit mean square. Moreover, no substantial differential item functioning (DIF) was found concerning gender (male vs. female) or weight status (overweight vs. obesity). Significant and moderate correlations were found between the Persian YFAS-C and other psychometric scales assessing eating symptomatology and general psychopathology (r = 0.352 to 0.484).Conclusion: The Persian YFAS-C is a valid instrument that assists healthcare providers in assessing food addiction among Iranian adolescents.Level of evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
37.	Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al. (författare) The importance of factors early in life for development of eating disorders in young people, with some focus on type 1 diabetes 2024 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : SPRINGER. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 29:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AimEating disorders have a serious impact on quality of life, especially when combined with Type 1 diabetes. We investigated eating disorders in relation to factors early in life with some focus on Type 1 diabetes.MethodsOut of 21,700 children born 1st of Oct 1997-1st of Oct 1999 17,055 (78.6%) were included in ABIS (All Babies in southeast Sweden) and 16,415 had adequate questionnaires. ICD-10 diagnosis from The National Patient Register was merged with the ABIS data.ResultsIn total 247 individuals, 19 boys (7.7%) and 219 girls (92.3%) out of 16,415 (1.5%) developed eating disorders (EDs), 167 (1.0%) Type 1 diabetes of whom 7 (4.2%) also got eating disorders (ED) (OR 3.25 (1.47-7.28); p = 0.04), all of them years after diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes. EDs was associated with high parental education especially in fathers (OR 1.65 (1.09-2.50); p = 0.02) and to at birth anxiety, and depression among mothers. There was no association with the duration of breastfeeding.ConclusionsEating disorders are common in girls, with increased risk in high-educated but psychologically vulnerable families. Prevalence is increased in type 1 diabetes. Even modern diabetes treatment needs to be completed with psychological support.Level of evidenceLevel III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
38.	Lundstedt, G., et al. (författare) Eating disorder traits in obese children and adolescents 2006 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 11:1, s. 45-50 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of eating disorder (ED) traits among obese children and adolescents. The Swedish version of the Eating Disorder Inventory for Children, consisting of 11 subscales, was administered to 150 obese patients during an extensive investigation of causes and risk factors in obesity at the Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge. Patients aged 17-18 years (N=24) had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 40.7, SD 5.31, and patients aged 8-16 (N=126) had a mean body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) of 6.18, SD 1.69. These patients were compared with 201 girls with a diagnosed ED from the COEAT project and with a control group of schoolchildren. The comparison between obese girls and boys showed that adolescent obese girls scored higher than obese boys on Drive for Thinness, Bulimia and Body Dissatisfaction. They also scored higher on Ineffectiveness, Interoceptive Awareness and Impulse Regulation. Obese girls were close to the girls with an ED on six of the subscales. Obese boys had a lower score of Asceticism than boys in the control group. The conclusion is that psychological traits associated with disordered eating appear among obese patients, particularly among the girls. However, these patients rarely satisfy any diagnostic criteria for ED during childhood or adolescence. Since obesity treatment currently assumes rational behavior, i.e. no EDs, it is important to discover ED traits at an early age in order to adapt treatment accordingly.
39.	Mar, Javier, et al. (författare) Two-year changes in generic and obesity-specific quality of life after gastric bypass 2013 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 18:3, s. 305-310 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The study objectives were to assess 2-year changes in health-related quality of life (HRQL) after gastric bypass in patients with severe obesity and to analyze HRQL improvements in relation to weight loss after bariatric surgery. This was a prospective intervention study with consecutive patients referred to two bariatric surgical units in the Basque Country. We used both generic (Short Form Health Survey, SF-36 and EuroQol, EQ-5D), and specific questionnaires (Moorehead-Ardelt, MA II and Obesity-related Problems Scale, OP). Effect sizes and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to assess the change in quality of life. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess whether there was an association between changes in body mass index (BMI) and HRQL. Of 82 patients who underwent surgery, 79 were followed-up for 2 years. Mean weight loss was 37 % of body weight (49 kg) and BMI fell from 50.6 to 31.8. The initial problems and final improvements were greater in the physical dimensions. Considerable benefits were observed in assessments with all the instruments used. However, the changes in weight/BMI and HRQL were not linear. The comparison with general population showed a similar profile in SF-36 dimensions after surgery. Severely obese patients have lower perceived health across all dimensions of quality of life. Moreover, the impact on functioning is so important that severe obesity can be described as a cause of disability that disappears 2 years after surgical treatment. ROC curves indicate that most of the HRQL measures are poor predictors of change in terms of reduction in body weight or BMI.
40.	Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al. (författare) The effect of weight monitoring and recording on control of obesity and overweight 2011 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 16:2, s. 137-141 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the dilemmas of the recent century and imposes huge costs related to its complications and diseases on people and societies. This study aims to investigate whether recording and monitoring weight and its changes can modify eating habits and therefore weight control.METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental interventional study. Seventy nine of the staff of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation (USWR) were randomly placed in two intervention (N=40) and control (39) groups. A standard weight scale and height meter was used to measure weight, height and body mass index (BMI). For the intervention group, weight was measured, recorded and announced to the participants twice a week for 3 months. For the control group, weight measurement and recording was done once in the beginning of the study and once at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver.11.5 and compared between groups.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the average age between the groups. Mean pre-intervention weight was 87.08±10.9 Kg and 85.83±16.44 Kg in the intervention and control groups, respectively and was not significantly different. Mean post-intervention weight was 83.5 Kg in the intervention group, which was significantly different from pre-intervention weight. Mean post-intervention weight was 86.31 Kg in the control group that was not significantly different from pre-intervention weight.CONCLUSION: Recording and monitoring weight and its changes in overweight people can affect weight control since knowledge and insight about weight may motivate people to modify their eating habits. We therefore recommend this strategy as an adjuvant to weight control programs.
41.	Mendes, Ana Laura, et al. (författare) The central role of self-reassurance to explain body and eating attitudes 2019 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 24:5, s. 861-868 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Literature has emphasized the significant role of social acceptance and connectedness in well-being and the benefits of cultivating a positive body image in the prevention and treatment of body and eating-related difficulties. The current study aims to examine whether strategies of self-reassurance and body-image appreciation mediate the association of feelings of social safeness and acceptance with the "core" dimensions of body and eating-related psychopathology (restraint, eating concern, weight concern, and shape concern), while controlling the effects of body mass index (BMI). Participants were 309 Portuguese women, aged between 18 and 50 years that completed self-report measures. Results from the performed path analysis revealed that self-reassurance and body-image appreciation mediated the impact of feelings of social safeness and acceptance on eating psychopathology- related dimensions. Results seem to suggest that women who perceive the self as acceptable and desirable tend to adopt self-reassurance strategies. These strategies in turn seem to predict a protective and caring relationship with one's own body and decreased severity of eating psychopathology symptoms. This path model explained 22%, 27%, 51%, and 47% of restraint, eating concern, weight concern, and shape concern, respectively, and showed an excellent model fit. Our findings appear to offer significant insights in the field of body and eating-related psychopathology and seem to support the pertinence of creating intervention programs for women from the general community with body and eating-related difficulties that encourage the adoption of self-reassurance strategies and promote a positive and respectful relationship with one's own body image.
42.	Offer, Samuel, et al. (författare) The association between childhood trauma and overweight and obesity in young adults : the mediating role of food addiction. 2022 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27:8, s. 3257-3266 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: Childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of obesity during adulthood, which may be associated with the development of food addiction. This study examined whether food addiction mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and obesity in young adults.METHODS: A sample of 512 young adults, aged 18 to 30 years, living with overweight and obesity (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2), from the United Kingdom participated in the study. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and provided their current height and weight to compute their Body Mass Index (BMI).RESULTS: Using the PROCESS macro, a mediation analysis found that food addiction accounted for 45% of variance in the relationship between childhood trauma and BMI. Post hoc analyses were conducted to examine the mediating effect of food addiction across each of the five subscales of the CTQ (emotional/physical/sexual abuse and emotional/physical neglect). Food addiction accounted for 32% to 51% of the variance in the relationship between each CTQ subscale and BMI.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that experiences of childhood trauma are associated with the development of overweight and obesity during early adulthood and up to half of this relationship can be attributed to food addiction, which is likely used as a maladaptive coping mechanism in response to trauma. Young adults living with overweight and obesity who report experiences of childhood trauma may benefit from the support of clinical and counselling psychologists to improve their understanding of the underlying psychosocial factors that influence their eating behaviours.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional analytic study.
43.	Oliveira, Sara, et al. (författare) Explaining male body attitudes : the role of early peer emotional experiences and shame 2018 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 23:6, s. 807-815 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: The current study tested a path model that examined the association between early emotional experiences with peers and male body attitudes and whether general feelings of shame and body-focused shame mediate this relationship, while controlling for the effect of body mass index.Methods: The sample comprised 241 men from the general community, aged from 18 to 60, who completed an online survey.Results: Correlation analyses showed that the recall of positive early emotional experiences with peers is inversely linked to shame and negative body attitudes. Path analysis results indicated that early emotional experiences with peers had a direct effect on external shame, and an indirect effect on male negative body attitudes mediated by external shame and body-focused shame. Results confirmed the plausibility of the tested model, which accounted for 40% of the variance of male body attitudes. Findings suggested that men who recall fewer positive early peer emotional experiences tend to perceive that they are negatively viewed by others and present more body image-focused shame experiences. This in turn seems to explain a negative self-appreciation of one's muscularity, body fat and height.Conclusions: This study contributes to a better understanding of male body attitudes. Findings suggest that the link between early emotional experiences and male body attitudes may depend on the experience of shame feelings and, particularly, on the extent to which one's body image becomes a source of shame. These data support the relevance of addressing shame experiences when working with men with body image-related difficulties.Level of evidence: Level Vcross-sectional descriptive study.
44.	Olsson, Gunilla M., et al. (författare) Intellectual profile and level of IQ among a clinical group of obese children and adolescents 2010 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 15:1-2, s. E68-E73 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study explored intellectual profile of children attending a clinic for obesity and to what extent their characteristics predicted full scale IQ. Totally, 60 patients aged 8-16 years were recruited consecutively from the National Childhood Obesity Centre at Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden. These patients were tested using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Of these 60 patients, 51(85%) parents gave informed consent for their children's results to be included in this study (mean age 12.94, standard deviation, SD 2.42). The children's mean full scale IQ was 85.39. Parental education was strongly associated with child IQ. After adjustment for parental education, female gender and a higher level of obesity were associated with lower IQ. Obese children are at increased risk of having below average IQ and strategies to tackle associated problems should be developed in paediatric obesity clinics. (Eating Weight Disord. 15: e68-e73, 2010). (C)2010, Editrice Kurtis
45.	Patlaka, Christina, et al. (författare) Intensive weight gain therapy in patients with anorexia nervosa results in improved serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5a and 5b isoform protein levels 2020 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : SPRINGER. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 25:5, s. 1387-1397 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) exists as isoforms 5a and 5b. TRAP 5a is a biomarker of chronic inflammation and influences adipose tissue and 5b associates with bone metabolism/pathologies. The aim was to investigate the association of serum TRAP 5a/5b isoforms with fat and bone markers and anthropometric parameters in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) during weight gain therapy. Methods Twenty-five Swedish female AN patients, age 16-24 years, were treated for 12 weeks with a high-energy diet with six meals daily. Serum TRAP 5a/5b, markers of fat/glucose metabolism, markers of bone resorption and formation were measured. Parameters of bone and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Results BMI increased from median 15.4 kg/m(2)to 19.0 kg/m(2),p < 0.0001. TRAP 5a and 5a/5b ratio increased but TRAP 5b decreased during the study. TRAP Delta 5a and Delta 5b correlated with Delta insulin and Delta adiponectin, respectively. TRAP 5b correlated with trabecular density at start but not at week 12. At 12 weeks, TRAP 5b correlated with CTX, and Delta decrease in TRAP 5b correlated to Delta increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions This clinical interventional study resulted in increased BMI in patients with AN. The decreased TRAP 5b protein levels confirm a role for TRAP 5b as a marker of bone resorption, whereas increased TRAP 5a seemed to derive from systemic changes in bone as well as metabolic changes. The combined detection of TRAP 5a and TRAP 5b in serum could be an indicator of improved bone metabolism.
46.	Pinto, Catarina, et al. (författare) Social safeness and disordered eating : Exploring underlying mechanisms of body appreciation and inflexible eating 2017 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 22:2, s. 303-309 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Feelings of social safeness and connectedness have been associated with adaptive emotion regulation processes and well-being indicators. Further, literature has demonstrated that interpersonal experiences play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of body and eating psychopathology. However, the study of the role of social variables and emotion regulation processes in the engagement in inflexible eating rules and eating psychopathology is still in its early stages. The current study aims to fill some gaps within the literature and explore the mediator role of body appreciation and inflexible eating rules in the link between social safeness and disordered eating. Participants were 253 women, aged between 18 and 50 years old, who completed a series of online self-report measures. Results from the tested path analysis model showed that social safeness holds a significant effect on eating psychopathology, through the mechanisms of body appreciation and inflexible eating rules. Also, results suggested that women who present higher levels of social safeness tend to present a more positive and respectful attitude towards their body and decreased adoption of inflexible eating rules, which seem to explain lower levels of disordered eating behaviours. These findings seem to present empirical support for the development of intervention programs that promote a positive, affectionate and healthy relationship with one's body image, in order to prevent the inflexible adherence to eating rules and disordered eating behaviours.
47.	Rosager, Emilie Vangsgaard, et al. (författare) Treatment studies with cannabinoids in anorexia nervosa : a systematic review 2021 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 26:2, s. 407-415 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract INTRODUCTION: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with a high mortality and unknown etiology, and effective treatment is lacking. For decades, cannabis has been known to cause physical effects on the human body, including increasing appetite, which may be beneficial in the treatment of AN.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature for evidence of an effect of cannabinoids on (1) weight gain, and (2) other outcomes, in AN.METHOD: A systematic review was done using three databases Embase, PubMed and Psychinfo. The review was registered in PROSPERO with ID number CRD42019141293 and was done according to PRISMA guidelines.RESULTS: There were 1288 studies identified and after thorough review and exclusion of copies, 4 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies used the same AN population and utilized data from one original study, leaving only two original studies. Both of these were Randomized Controlled Trials that explored the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) or dronabinol in AN, whereof one study was properly designed and powered and showed a weight increase of an added 1 kg over 4 weeks over placebo.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There are few studies and the level of evidence is low. The only properly designed, low bias and highly powered study found a weight increasing effect of dronabinol in AN, while the other, using Δ9-THC at a high dose, found no effect and where the dose may have counteracted the weight gaining effects due to adverse events. More research on cannabinoids in anorexia nervosa is warranted, especially its effects on psychopathology.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, systematic review.
48.	Salaheldin, Yassmin, et al. (författare) Third reported case of rare necrolytic migratory erythema associated with bacteraemia due to severe zinc deficiency after revisional Roux-En-Y gastric bypass : case report and literature review 2022 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27:3, s. 1235-1241 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a risk factor for zinc deficiency. After bariatric surgery, non-compliance to diet/vitamin supplements, surgical complications leading to vomiting/diarrhea, poor follow-up and malabsorption can precipitate or exacerbate pre-existing zinc deficiency.CASE REPORT: We report a patient with rare necrolytic migratory erythema associated with bacteraemia due to severe zinc deficiency after revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (following primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy).CONCLUSION: Bariatric teams should screen patients before bariatric surgery for nutritional deficiencies and continue surveillance of their nutritional status after surgery. They should maintain a high index of suspicion for zinc deficiency in patients with skin rash after bariatric surgery.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, case report.
49.	Schwensen, Hanna Ferløv, et al. (författare) A systematic review of studies on the faecal microbiota in anorexia nervosa : future research may need to include microbiota from the small intestine 2018 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 23:4, s. 399-418 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a poorly understood and often chronic condition. Deviations in the gut microbiota have been reported to influence the gut-brain axis in other disorders. Therefore, if present in AN, it may impact on symptoms and illness progression. A review of the gut microbiota studies in AN is presented.Method: A literature search on PubMed yielded 27 articles; 14 were selected and based on relevance, 9 articles were included. The findings were interpreted in the larger context of preclinical research and clinical observations.Results: 8 out of 9 included studies analysed microbiota from faeces samples, while the last analysed a protein in plasma produced by the gut. Two studies were longitudinal and included an intervention (i.e., weight restoration), five were cross-sectional, one was a case report, and the last was a case series consisting of three cases. Deviations in abundance, diversity, and microbial composition of the faecal microbiota in AN were found.Conclusion: There are currently only a few studies on the gut microbiota in AN, all done on faeces samples, and not all describe the microbiota at the species level extensively. The Archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii was increased in participants with a BMI < 25 in one study and specifically in AN patients in three studies. Methanobrevibacter smithii may, if detected, be a benchmark biomarker for future studies. We propose that microbiota samples could also be collected from the small intestine, where a major exchange of nutrients takes place and where the microbiota may have a biological impact on AN.
50.	Swenne, Ingemar, et al. (författare) Bone metabolism in adolescent girls with eating disorders and weight loss : independent effects of weight change, insulin-like growth factor-1 and oestradiol 2015 Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 20:1, s. 33-41 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Adolescents with eating disorders (ED) are at risk of developing osteoporosis if weight is not recovered. Previous investigations do not separate the effects of weight change per se from those of concomitant hormonal changes. In this investigation serum osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of collagen (CTX), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and oestradiol were measured at assessment of 498 girls with ED and during weight gain of 59 girls. At assessment, OC concentrations were associated independently with weight (change), IGF-1 and oestradiol. Low weight, a high rate of weight loss and the hormone concentrations were associated with low OC. Low weight and high rate of weight loss were associated with high CTX concentrations but there were no associations independent of weight (change) with the hormones. During weight recovery, OC and CTX were independently and positively associated with weight, weight gain, IGF-1 and oestradiol. Bone metabolism markers are related to weight change independently of IGF-1 and oestradiol during both weight loss and weight gain. During weight gain, when pubertal development and growth are resumed there is an additional independent positive association between the markers and IGF-1 and oestradiol. These relationships are strongest in premenarcheal girls.

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