| 1. |
- Abrahamsen, Annbjørg, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep, Sleepiness, and Fatigue on Board Faroese Fishing Vessels
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - 1179-1608. ; 14, s. 347-362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Faroese fishers have four times more accidents than workers on land. The aim was to understand fishers’ fatigue better and how their work and sleep patterns influenced their sleepiness levels and cognitive performance.Materials and Methods: A total of 157 Faroese fishers wore wrist-worn actigraphs at sea and one week on land and filled in sleep and sleepiness diaries during the trip. Furthermore, a 3-minute simple reaction time (SRT) test was completed at the beginning and end of the trip. The ship’s movement and noise were also logged. The actiwatch results were analysed with mixed methods repeated measures. The sleepiness registrations and performance on the SRT-test were analysed with paired t-test. The ship movements (Pitch and roll) were divided into approximately three same-sized groups (lowest 1/3, medium 1/3, and highest 1/3) and compared against the Karolinska Sleepiness Scores (KSS ranging from 1– 9) ≥ 7 and physical tiredness (ranging from 1– 9) scores ≥ 7. Chi-square tests were used to determine the significance of these differences. Mean sleepiness scores at sea, and the proportion of sleepiness scores ≥ 7 were calculated, as well as sleepiness scores as a function of the time of day.Results: While at sea, fishers had more split sleep, slept less, and had lower sleep efficiency than onshore. Sleepiness was higher at the end of the trip, and cognitive decline was found. The number of major lapses was higher at the end of the trip, but with no significant difference between the median reaction times.Conclusion: The crew on-board the freezer longliner, who worked 8– 8 shifts, slept the most, had the longest continuous sleep periods, the highest sleep efficiency, the lowest sleepiness levels, and the highest noise exposure during their time off.
|
|
| 2. |
- Brandao, Luiz Eduardo M., et al.
(författare)
-
Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia - A Multi-National Survey Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1179-1608. ; 13, s. 1711-1722
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Lifestyle and work habits have been drastically altered by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the associated changes in sleep timing modulate the risk of suffering from symptoms of insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, is however incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the association between the early pandemic-associated change in 1) the magnitude of social jetlag (SJL) - ie, the difference between sleep timing on working vs free days - and 2) symptoms of insomnia.Patients and Methods: A total of 14,968 anonymous participants (mean age: 40 years; 64% females) responded to a standardized internet-based survey distributed across 14 countries. Using logistic multivariate regression, we examined the association between the degree of social jetlag and symptoms of insomnia, controlling for important confounders like social restriction extension, country specific COVID-19 severity and psychological distress, for example.Results: In response to the pandemic, participants reported later sleep timing, especially during workdays. Most participants (46%) exhibited a reduction in their SJL, whereas 20% increased it; and 34% reported no change in SJL. Notably, we found that both increased and decreased SJL, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with later sleep midpoint (indicating a later chronotype) as well as more recurrent and moderate-to-severe symptoms of insomnia (about 23-54% higher odds ratio than subjects with unchanged SJL). Primarily those with reduced SJL shifted their bedtimes to a later timepoint, compared with those without changes in SJL.Conclusion: Our findings offer important insights into how self-reported changes to the stability of sleep/wake timing, as reflected by changes in SJL, can be a critical marker of the risk of experiencing insomnia-related symptoms - even when individuals manage to reduce their social jetlag. These findings emphasize the clinical importance of analyzing sleep-wake regularity.
|
|
| 3. |
- Davidson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Does sleep selectively strengthen certain memories over others based on emotion and perceived future relevance?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1179-1608. ; 13, s. 1257-1306
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep has been found to have a beneficial effect on memory consolidation. It has furthermore frequently been suggested that sleep does not strengthen all memories equally. The first aim of this review paper was to examine whether sleep selectively strengthens emotional declarative memories more than neutral ones. We examined this first by reviewing the literature focusing on sleep/wake contrasts, and then the literature on whether any specific factors during sleep preferentially benefit emotional memories, with a special focus on the often-suggested claim that rapid eye movement sleep primarily consolidates emotional memories. A second aim was to examine if sleep preferentially benefits memories based on other cues of future relevance such as reward, test-expectancy or different instructions during encoding. Once again, we first focused on studies comparing sleep and wake groups, and then on studies examining the contributions of specific factors during sleep (for each future relevance paradigm, respectively). The review revealed that although some support exists that sleep is more beneficial for certain kinds of memories based on emotion or other cues of future relevance, the majority of studies does not support such an effect. Regarding specific factors during sleep, our review revealed that no sleep variable has reliably been found to be specifically associated with the consolidation of certain kinds of memories over others based on emotion or other cues of future relevance.
|
|
| 4. |
- Härdelin, Goran, et al.
(författare)
-
Do Mothers Have Worse Sleep Than Fathers? Sleep Imbalance, Parental Stress, and Relationship Satisfaction in Working Parents
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - 1179-1608. ; 13, s. 1955-1966
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Previous research indicates that mothers take a larger responsibility for child care during the night and that they have more disturbed sleep than fathers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such a sleep imbalance exists in working parents of young children, and the extent to which it depends on the way sleep is measured. The study also examined whether imbalanced sleep between parents predicts parental stress and relationship satisfaction.Methods: Sleep was measured for seven consecutive days in 60 parenting couples (average age of the youngest child: 3.3 years ± SD 2.5 years). Actigraphs were worn across the week, and ratings of sleep, parental stress, and relationship satisfaction were made daily.Results: Mothers perceived their sleep quality as worse (b= − 0.38 scale units, p< 0.001), with more wake periods (b= +0.96 awakenings, p< 0.001) but with longer sleep duration (b= +32.4 min, p< 0.01) than fathers. Actigraphy data confirmed that mothers slept longer than fathers (b= +28.03 min, p< 0.001), but no significant differences were found for wake time, number of awakenings or who woke up first during shared awakenings. Furthermore, there was no difference in whether mothers and fathers slept sufficiently. The level of sleep imbalance between parents did not predict parental stress. A larger imbalance in subjective sleep sufficiency predicted decreased relationship satisfaction for fathers (b= − 0.13 scale units, p< 0.01) but increased relationship satisfaction for mothers (b= 0.14 scale units, p< 0.05). No other sleep imbalance measures predicted relationship satisfaction.Conclusion: Our findings are in line with previous research on sleep in men and women in general, with longer sleep and subjective reports of sleep disturbances in women, rather than previous research on sleep in parents of young children. Thus, we found no evidence of a sleep imbalance when both parents have similar working responsibilities.
|
|
| 5. |
- Störe, Siri Jakobsson, et al.
(författare)
-
Mind, Body and Machine : Preliminary Study to Explore Predictors of Treatment Response After a Sleep Robot Intervention for Adults with Insomnia
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1179-1608. ; 15, s. 567-577
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The study aimed to explore characteristics of responders to a sleep robot intervention for adults with insomnia, and the likelihood that participants responded to the intervention. Methods: Data from the intervention and the control group in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (n = 44) were pooled together after both had undergone the intervention. A repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman tests were used to explore changes over time. Differences in baseline characteristics between responders (n = 13), defined as a reduction of -5 on the Insomnia Severity Index from pre- to post-intervention, and non-responders (n = 31) were analyzed with t-tests and chi-square tests. Finally, logistic regression models were estimated.Results: Baseline anxiety was the only statistically significant difference between responders and non-responders (p = 0.03). A logistic regression model with anxiety and sleep quality as predictors was statistically significant, correctly classifying 83.3% of cases. Discussion: The results imply that people with lower anxiety and higher sleep quality at baseline are more likely to report clinically significant improvements in insomnia from the sleep robot intervention.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sultana, Naznin, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Bangladesh : A Case-Control Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1179-1608. ; 13, s. 673-682
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sleep problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are highly prevalent, but little information is available on this issue in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC) such as Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of ASD sleep disturbances in a comparison with typically developing children (TDC).Methods: A cross-sectional interview study was carried out within a total of 446 Bangladeshi mothers, whose children's mean age was 8.1 +/- 2.9 years (151 ASD [8.5 +/- 2.7 years] and 295 TDC [7.9 +/- 2.9 years]); in addition to socio-demographics, the Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used, and a cut-off score of 41 out of 93 points considered as reflecting sleep problems.Results: About 89.7% of the children reported having problems in sleep, with ASD reporting higher frequency vs TDC (94.00% vs 87.50%; chi(2)=4.678, p=0.031). The overall mean CSHQ score was 48.7 +/- 7.6 in total sample, whereas ASD children reported higher scores compared to TDCs (50.9 +/- 8.1 vs 47.5 +/- 7.0, p< 0.001). Similarly, subscales of CSHQ such as sleep duration (4.23 +/- 1.56 vs 3.90 +/- 1.31, p=0.017), sleep anxiety (7.23 +/- 2.05 vs 6.45 +/- 1.92, p< 0.001), night waking (3.82 +/- 1.07 vs 3.17 +/- 1.89, p< 0.001), parasomnias (8.86 +/- 2.06 vs 7.85 +/- 2.27, p< 0.001), and sleep disordered breathing (4.02 +/- 2.92 vs 3.43 +/- 2.07, p=0.014) were more problematic among ASD compared to TDC. Lastly, 28.5% of ASD reported taking sleep-related medications vs 0.3% for TDC (n=1).Conclusion: Bangladeshi ASD children are highly likely to manifest sleep disturbances, which warrant urgent implementation of parental educational and support programs to mitigate the impact of sleep problems in ASD families.
|
|
| 7. |
- Tamm, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Objective and Subjective Sleep in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Severe Seasonal Allergy : Preliminary Assessments of the Role of Sickness, Central and Peripheral Inflammation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1179-1608. ; 13, s. 775-789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Disturbed sleep in inflammatory disorders such as allergy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is common and may be directly or indirectly related to disease processes, but has not been well characterized in these patient groups, especially not with objective methods.Aim: The present study aimed to characterize objective and subjective sleep in patients with allergy or RA using sleep diaries, one-channel EEG and actigraphy. It also aimed to investigate if sleep measures were associated with central immune activation, assessed using translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography, as well as cytokine markers of peripheral inflammation and disease-specific symptoms or general symptoms of sickness.Methods: In total, 18 patients with seasonal pollen allergy, 18 patients with RA and 26 healthy controls were included in the study. Allergy patients and matched controls were assessed twice, in and out of pollen season, and RA patients and controls were assessed once. Sleep was recorded for approximately 1 week at each occasion.Results: Patients with allergy had increased levels of slow-wave sleep during pollen season. In contrast, patients with RA had less SWS compared to healthy controls, while no differences were observed in sleep duration or subjective sleep quality. Across groups, neither proinflammatory cytokines, grey matter TSPO levels nor general sickness symptoms were associated with objective or subjective measures of sleep. Rhinitis, but not conjunctivitis, was correlated to worse subjective sleep and more slow wave sleep in allergy. Functional status, but not disease activity, predicted lower subjective sleep in RA.Conclusion: This study tentatively indicates that both patients with allergy and RA display sleep alterations but does not support inflammation as an independent predictor of the sleep disturbance across these patient groups.
|
|
| 8. |
- van Egmond, Lieve, et al.
(författare)
-
How Sleep-Deprived People See and Evaluate Others' Faces : An Experimental Study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1179-1608. ; 14, s. 867-876
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute sleep loss increases the brain’s reactivity toward positive and negative affective stimuli. Thus, despite well-known reduced attention due to acute sleep loss, we hypothesized that humans would gaze longer on happy, angry, and fearful faces than neutral faces when sleep-deprived. We also examined if facial expressions are differently perceived after acute sleep loss.Methods: In the present, within-subjects study, 45 young adults participated in one night of total sleep deprivation and one night with an 8-hour sleep opportunity. On the morning after each night, an eye tracker was used to measure participants’ time spent fixating images of happy, angry, fearful, and neutral faces. Participants also evaluated faces’ attractiveness, trustworthiness, and healthiness on a 100-mm visual analog scale.Results: Following sleep loss, participants struggled more fixating the faces than after sleep. The decrease in total fixation duration ranged from 6.3% to 10.6% after sleep loss (P< 0.001). Contrary to our hypothesis, the reduction in total fixation duration occurred irrespective of the displayed emotion (P=0.235 for sleep*emotion interaction) and was also present for the upper (P< 0.001) but not the lower part of the faces (except for the lower part of angry faces). Overall, faces were evaluated as less trustworthy (− 2.6 mm) and attractive (− 3.6 mm) after sleep loss (p< 0.05).Discussion: Facial expressions are crucial for social interactions. Thus, spending less time fixating on faces after acute sleep loss may come along with several problems for social interactions, eg, inaccurate and delayed judgment of the emotional state of others. In addition, more negative social impressions of others may lead to social withdrawal in sleep-deprived humans.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
Gray Matter Volume Correlates of Sleepiness : A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Younger and Older Adults
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature and Science of Sleep. - 1179-1608. ; 12, s. 289-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Subjectively experienced sleepiness is a problem in society, possibly linked with gray matter (GM) volume. Given a different sleep pattern, aging may affect such associations, possibly due to shrinking brain volume.Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between subjectively rated sleepiness and GM volume in thalamus, insula, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex of young and older adults, after a normal night’s sleep.Methods: Eighty-four healthy individuals participated (46 aged 20– 30 years, and 38 aged 65– 75 years). Morphological brain data were collected in a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Sleepiness was rated multiple times during the imaging sessions.Results: In older, relative to younger, adults, clusters within bilateral mid-anterior insular cortex and right thalamus were negatively associated with sleepiness. Adjustment for the immediately preceding total sleep time eliminated the significant associations.Conclusion: Self-rated momentary sleepiness in a monotonous situation appears to be negatively associated with GM volume in clusters within both thalamus and insula in older individuals, and total sleep time seems to play a role in this association. Possibly, this suggests that larger GM volume in these clusters may be protective against sleepiness in older individuals. This notion needs confirmation in further studies.
|
|
