| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Canocchi, Gloria, 1998-, et al.
(författare)
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Discovering planets with PLATO : Comparison of algorithms for stellar activity filtering
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. To date, stellar activity is one of the main limitations in detecting small exoplanets via the transit photometry technique. Since this activity is enhanced in young stars, traditional filtering algorithms may severely underperform in attempting to detect such exoplanets, with shallow transits often obscured by the photometric modulation of the light curve.Aims. This paper aims to compare the relative performances of four algorithms developed by independent research groups specifically for the filtering of activity in the light curves of young active stars, prior to the search for planetary transit signals: Notch and LOCoR (N&L), Young Stars Detrending (YSD), K2 Systematics Correction (K2SC), and VARLET. Our comparison also includes the two best-performing algorithms implemented in the Wōtan package: Tukey’s biweight and Huber spline algorithms.Methods. For this purpose, we performed a series of injection-retrieval tests of planetary transits of different types, from Jupiter down to Earth-sized planets, moving both on circular and eccentric orbits. These experiments were carried out over a set of 100 realistically simulated light curves of both quiet and active solar-like stars (i.e., F and G types) that will be observed by the ESA Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) space telescope, starting 2026.Results. From the experiments for transit detections, we found that N&L is the best choice in many cases, since it misses the lowest number of transits. However, this algorithm is shown to underperform when the planetary orbital period closely matches the stellar rotation period, especially in the case of small planets for which the biweight and VARLET algorithms work better. Moreover, for light curves with a large number of data-points, the combined results of two algorithms, YSD and Huber spline, yield the highest recovery percentage. Filtering algorithms allow us to obtain a very precise estimate of the orbital period and the mid-transit time of the detected planets, while the planet-to-star radius is underestimated most of the time, especially in cases of grazing transits or eccentric orbits. A refined filtering that takes into account the presence of the planet is thus compulsory for proper planetary characterization analyses.
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| 3. |
- Kade, Kiana, 1998, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the environment, magnetic fields, and feedback effects of massive high-redshift galaxies with [CII]
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Massive galaxies are expected to grow through different transformative evolutionary phases. High-redshift starburst galaxies and quasars are thought to be such phases and thus provide insight into galaxy evolution. Several physical mechanisms are predicted to play an important role in driving these phases; for example, interaction with companion galaxies, active galactic nuclei feedback, and possibly magnetic fields. Aims. Our aim is to characterize the physical properties and the environment of the submillimeter galaxy AzTEC-3 at z=5.3 and the lensed quasar BRI 0952-0115 at z=4.4, and to set a limit on the polarization properties of the two sources. We intend to place these two sources in the broader context of galaxy evolution, specifically star formation and mass growth through cosmic time. Methods. We used full polarization, sub-arcsecond-resolution, ALMA band-7 observations of both BRI 0952-0115 and AzTEC-3. We detect [C II] (2P3/22P1/2) line emission towards both BRI 0952-0115 and AzTEC-3, along with companions in each field. We present an updated gravitational lensing model for BRI 0952-0115 for correction of gravitational magnification. Results. We present infrared luminosities, star-formation rates, and [C II] line to infrared luminosity ratios for each source. The [C II] emission line profile for both BRI 0952-0115 and AzTEC-3 exhibit a broad, complex morphology, indicating the possible presence of outflows. We present evidence of a -gas bridge-between AzTEC-3 and a companion source. Modified blackbody spectral energy distribution fitting is used to analyze the properties of [C II] detected companion sources in the field of both the submillimeter galaxy and the quasar. We investigated the possible role of the detected companions in outflow signatures. Using a simple dynamical mass estimate for the sources, we suggest that both systems are undergoing minor or major mergers. No polarization is detected for the [C II], placing an upper limit below that of theoretical predictions. Conclusions. Our results show that high-velocity wings are detected, indicating possible signs of massive outflows; however, the presence of companion galaxies can affect the final interpretation. Furthermore, the results provide additional evidence in support of the hypothesis that massive galaxies form in overdense regions, growing through minor or major mergers with companion sources. Finally, strong, ordered magnetic fields are unlikely to exist at the kiloparsec scale in the two studied sources.
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| 4. |
- Kade, Kiana, 1998, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the interstellar medium of the quasar BRI 0952−0115 An analysis of [C ii], [C ii], CO, OH, and H 2 O
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The extent of the effect of active galactic nuclei (AGN) on their host galaxies at high-redshift is not apparent. The processes governing the co-eval evolution of the stellar mass and the mass of the central supermassive black hole, along with the effects of the supermassive black hole on the host galaxy, remain unclear. Studying this effect in the distant universe is a difficult process as the mechanisms of tracing AGN activity can often be inaccurately associated with intense star formation and vice versa. Aims. Our aim is to better understand the processes governing the interstellar medium (ISM) of the quasar BRI 0952−0952 at z = 4.432, specifically with regard to the individual heating processes at work and to place the quasar in an evolutionary context. Methods. We analyzed ALMA archival bands 3, 4, and 6 data and combined the results with high-resolution band-7 ALMA observations of the quasar. We detected [C i](2–1), [C ii](2P3/2−2P1/2), CO(5–4), CO(7–6), CO(12–11), OH 2Π1/2(3/2−1/2), and H2O(211−202), and we report a tentative detection of OH+. We updated the lensing model and we used the radiative transfer code MOLPOP-CEP to produce line emission models which we compared with our observations. Results. We used the [C i] line emission to estimate the total molecular gas mass in the quasar. We present results from the radiative transfer code MOLPOP-CEP constraining the properties of the CO emission and suggest different possible scenarios for heating mechanisms within the quasar. We extended our results from MOLPOP-CEP to the additional line species detected in the quasar to place stronger constraints on the ISM properties. Conclusions. Modeling from the CO SLED suggests that there are extreme heating mechanisms operating within the quasar in the form of star formation or AGN activity; however, with the current data, it remains unclear which of the two is the preferred mechanism as both models reasonably reproduce the observed CO line fluxes. The updated lensing model suggests a velocity gradient across the [C ii] line, suggestive of ongoing kinematical processes within the quasar. We find that the H2O emission in BRI 0952 is likely correlated with star-forming regions of the ISM. We used the molecular gas mass from [C i] to calculate a depletion time for the quasar. We conclude that BRI 0952−0952 is a quasar with a significant AGN contribution while also showing signs of extreme starburst activity, indicating that the quasar could be in a transitional phase between a starburst-dominated stage and an AGN-dominated stage.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- de Lange, Charlotte, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic magnetic resonance T1-mapping and extracellular volume fraction compared to shear-wave elastography in pediatric Fontan-associated liver disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-0449 .- 1432-1998. ; 51:1, s. 66-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children with Fontan circulation are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. Reliable noninvasive monitoring techniques are lacking or under development. Objective: To investigate surrogate indicators of hepatic fibrosis in adolescents with Fontan circulation by evaluating hepatic magnetic resonance (MR) T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction measurements compared to US shear-wave elastography. Materials and methods: We analyzed hepatic native T1 times and extracellular volume fractions with modified Look-Locker inversion recovery. Liver stiffness was analyzed with shear-wave elastography. We compared results between 45 pediatric patients ages 16.7±0.6 years with Fontan circulation and 15 healthy controls ages 19.2±1.2 years. Measurements were correlated to clinical and hemodynamic data from cardiac catheterization. Results: MR mapping was successful in 35/45 patients, revealing higher hepatic T1 times (774±44 ms) than in controls (632±52 ms; P<0.001) and higher extracellular volume fractions (47.4±5.0%) than in controls (34.6±3.8%; P<0.001). Liver stiffness was 1.91±0.13 m/s in patients vs. 1.20±0.10 m/s in controls (P<0.001). Native T1 times correlated with central venous pressures (r=0.5, P=0.007). Native T1 was not correlated with elastography in patients (r=0.2, P=0.1) or controls (r = −0.3, P=0.3). Extracellular volume fraction was correlated with elastography in patients (r=0.5, P=0.005) but not in controls (r=0.2, P=0.6). Conclusion: Increased hepatic MR relaxometry and shear-wave elastography values in adolescents with Fontan circulation suggested the presence of hepatic fibrosis or congestion. Central venous pressure was related to T1 times. Changes were detected differently with MR relaxometry and elastography; thus, these techniques should not be used interchangeably in monitoring hepatic fibrosis.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Perucca, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Radiologic follow-up in Fontan-associated liver disease in Europe: European Society of Paediatric Radiology survey demonstrates the need for a consensus protocol
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-0449 .- 1432-1998. ; 51:13, s. 2607-2610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fontan surgery is a life-saving procedure for newborns with complex cardiac malformations, but it originates complications in different organs. The liver is also affected, with development of fibrosis and sometimes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no general agreement on how to follow-up these children for the development of liver disease. To understand the current practice on liver follow-up, we invited members of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) to fill out an online questionnaire. The survey comprised seven questions about when and how liver follow-up is performed on Fontan patients. While we found some agreement on the use of US as screening tool, and of MRI for nodule characterization, the discrepancies on timing and the lack of a shared protocol make it currently impossible to compare data among centers.
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| 9. |
- Perucca, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of Fontan-associated liver disease: current standards and a proposal from the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Abdominal Task Force
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-0449 .- 1432-1998. ; 51:13, s. 2598-2606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since Francis Fontan first introduced the eponymous technique, the Fontan procedure, this type of surgical palliation has allowed thousands of children affected by specific heart malformations to reach adulthood. Nevertheless, abdominal, thoracic, lymphatic and neurologic complications are the price that is paid by these patients. Our review focuses on Fontan-associated liver disease; the purpose is to summarize the current understanding of its physiopathology, the aim of follow-up and the specific radiologic follow-up performed in Europe. Finally, we as members of the Abdominal Task Force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology propose a consensus-based imaging follow-up algorithm.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Rossi, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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European recommendations on practices in pediatric neuroradiology : consensus document from the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) and European Union of Medical Specialists Division of Neuroradiology (UEMS)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pediatric Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-0449 .- 1432-1998. ; 53:1, s. 159-168
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pediatric neuroradiology is a subspecialty within radiology, with possible pathways to train within the discipline from neuroradiology or pediatric radiology. Formalized pediatric neuroradiology training programs are not available in most European countries. We aimed to construct a European consensus document providing recommendations for the safe practice of pediatric neuroradiology. We particularly emphasize imaging techniques that should be available, optimal site conditions and facilities, recommended team requirements and specific indications and protocol modifications for each imaging modality employed for pediatric neuroradiology studies. The present document serves as guidance to the optimal setup and organization for carrying out pediatric neuroradiology diagnostic and interventional procedures. Clinical activities should always be carried out in full agreement with national provisions and regulations. Continued education of all parties involved is a requisite for preserving pediatric neuroradiology practice at a high level.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Herrmann, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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European Society of Pediatric Radiology survey of perioperative imaging in pediatric liver transplantation: (1) pre-transplant evaluation.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Pediatric radiology. - 1432-1998. ; 54:2, s. 260-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver transplantation is the state-of-the-art curative treatment in end-stage liver disease. Imaging is a key element for successful organ-transplantation to assist surgical planning. So far, only limited data regarding the best radiological approach to prepare children for liver transplantation is available.In an attempt to harmonize imaging surrounding pediatric liver transplantation, the European Society of Pediatric Radiology (ESPR) Abdominal Taskforce initiated a survey addressing the current status of imaging including the pre-, intra-, and postoperative phase. This paper reports the responses on preoperative imaging.An online survey, initiated in 2021, asked European centers performing pediatric liver transplantation 44 questions about their imaging approach. In total, 26 centers were contacted and 22 institutions from 11 countries returned the survey. From 2018 to 2020, the participating centers collectively conducted 1,524 transplantations, with a median of 20 transplantations per center per annum (range, 8-60).Most sites (64%) consider ultrasound their preferred modality to define anatomy and to plan surgery in children before liver transplantation, and additional cross-sectional imaging is only used to answer specific questions (computed tomography [CT], 90.9%; magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], 54.5%). One-third of centers (31.8%) rely primarily on CT for pre-transplant evaluation. Imaging protocols differed substantially regarding applied CT scan ranges, number of contrast phases (range 1-4 phases), and applied MRI techniques.Diagnostic imaging is generally used in the work-up of children before liver transplantation. Substantial differences were noted regarding choice of modalities and protocols. We have identified starting points for future optimization and harmonization of the imaging approach to multicenter studies.
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| 14. |
- Hallström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors and incidence over time for lower extremity amputations in people with type 1 diabetes: an observational cohort study of 46,088 patients from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 64, s. 2751-2761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to study the incidence over time of lower extremity amputations and determine variables associated with increased risk of amputations in people with type 1 diabetes. Methods Individuals with type 1 diabetes registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry with no previous amputation from 1 January 1998 and followed to 2 October 2019 were included. Time-updated Cox regression and gradient of risk per SD were used to evaluate the impact of risk factors on the incidence of amputation. Age- and sex-adjusted incidences were estimated over time. Results Of 46,088 people with type 1 diabetes with no previous amputation (mean age 32.5 years [SD 14.5], 25,354 [55%] male sex), 1519 (3.3%) underwent amputation. Median follow-up was 12.4 years. The standardised incidence for any amputation in 1998-2001 was 2.84 (95% CI 2.32, 3.36) per 1000 person-years and decreased to 1.64 (95% CI 1.38, 1.90) per 1000 person-years in 2017-2019. The incidence for minor and major amputations showed a similar pattern. Hyperglycaemia and renal dysfunction were the strongest risk factors for amputation, followed by older age, male sex, cardiovascular comorbidities, smoking and hypertension. Glycaemic control and age- and sex-adjusted renal function improved during the corresponding time period as amputations decreased. Conclusions/interpretation The incidence of amputation and of the most prominent risk factors for amputation, including renal dysfunction and hyperglycaemia, has improved considerably during recent years for people with type 1 diabetes. This finding has important implications for quality of life, health economics and prognosis regarding CVD, indicating a trend shift in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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| 15. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a screening program for iron overload andHFEmutations in 50,493 blood donors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Hematology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-5555 .- 1432-0584. ; 99, s. 2295-2301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early detection of individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is important to manage iron levels and prevent future organ damage. Although theHFEmutations that cause most cases of HH have been identified, their geographic distribution is highly variable, and their contribution to iron overload is not fully understood. All new registered blood donors at the Sahlgrenska University hospital between 1998 and 2015 were included in the study. Donors with signs of iron overload at baseline and subsequent follow-up testing were recommended genotyping of theHFEgene. Of the 50,493 donors that were included in the study, 950 (1.9%) had signs of iron overload on both test occasions. Of the 840 donors with iron overload that performedHFEgenotyping, 117 were homozygous for C282Y, and 97 were compound heterozygotes. The prevalence of C282Y homozygosity was 0.23%. Iron overload screening effectively detects individuals at risk of carrying the C282Y mutation of theHFEgene and enables early treatment to prevent HH complications.
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| 16. |
- Falk, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial influence on the distribution of downhill skiers in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: International journal of biometeorology. - : Springer. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 68:3, s. 535-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates empirically how natural snow depth affects the number of downhill skiers. Data include the number of skier visits for the 32 largest ski resorts in Sweden from the 1998/1999 to the 2018/2019 seasons. Results of spatial dynamic estimations show that an increase in natural snow depth in the ski area has a significant negative impact on the number of skier visits in the short term, although the magnitude is small. This implies that a snow deficit leads to increased demand for downhill skiing both directly and indirectly (in the neighbouring areas). The variable snow depth in the neighbouring ski areas is not significantly different from zero, indicating that no spatial substitution takes place. There is, however, a strong positive relationship between skier visits to neighbouring areas, revealing that ski resorts are complements rather than substitutes. The long-term influence of snow depth is not significant, implying that the ski business is independent of variations in snow depth. Instead, the number of skier visits is mainly determined by past visits, revealing a high degree of persistence.
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| 17. |
- Albert, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Embedding Small Digraphs and Permutations in Binary Trees and Split Trees
- 2020
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Ingår i: Algorithmica. - : SPRINGER. - 0178-4617 .- 1432-0541. ; 82:3, s. 589-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the number of permutations that occur in random labellings of trees. This is a generalisation of the number of subpermutations occurring in a random permutation. It also generalises some recent results on the number of inversions in randomly labelled trees (Cai et al. in Combin Probab Comput 28(3):335-364, 2019). We consider complete binary trees as well as random split trees a large class of random trees of logarithmic height introduced by Devroye (SIAM J Comput 28(2):409-432, 1998. 10.1137/s0097539795283954). Split trees consist of nodes (bags) which can contain balls and are generated by a random trickle down process of balls through the nodes. For complete binary trees we show that asymptotically the cumulants of the number of occurrences of a fixed permutation in the random node labelling have explicit formulas. Our other main theorem is to show that for a random split tree, with probability tending to one as the number of balls increases, the cumulants of the number of occurrences are asymptotically an explicit parameter of the split tree. For the proof of the second theorem we show some results on the number of embeddings of digraphs into split trees which may be of independent interest.
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| 18. |
- Lindgren, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in two cohorts of children with different national gluten recommendations in infancy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 61:1, s. 35-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Between 1985 and 1996, Sweden experienced an "epidemic" of celiac disease with a fourfold increase in incidence in young children. Timing and amount of gluten introduced during infancy have been thought to explain this "epidemic". We aimed to study whether the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes differs between children born during the "epidemic" compared to children born after.Methods: This is a national register study in Sweden comparing the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in two birth cohorts of 240 844 children 0-17 years old born 1992-1993, during the "epidemic", and 179 530 children born 1997-1998, after the "epidemic". Children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were identified using three national registers.Results: The cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes by the age of 17 was statistically significantly higher in those born after the "epidemic" 0.77% than in those born during the "epidemic" 0.68% (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The incidence of type 1 diabetes is higher in those born after the epidemic compared to those born during the epidemic, which does not support the hypothesis that gluten introduction increases the incidence of T1D. Changes in gluten introduction did not halt the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in Sweden.
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| 19. |
- Nordström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in hip fracture incidence, length of hospital stay, and 30-day mortality in Sweden from 1998–2017 : a nationwide cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer. - 0171-967X .- 1432-0827. ; 111:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this nationwide cohort study, we investigated trends in hip fracture incidence, hospital length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality after admission in Sweden. The cohort included all individuals in Sweden aged ≥ 50 years with a first hip fracture diagnosis during 1998–2017 (N = 313,761). The outcomes were hip fracture incidence and 30-day mortality. The results showed that the incidence of hip fracture decreased from 79.2 to 46.7/10,000 population in women and from 35.7 to 26.5/10,000 population in men. In contrast, 30-day mortality increased from 4.3% to 6.2% in women (P < 0.001) and from 8.4% to 11.1% in men (P < 0.001). Strong risk factors (P < 1 × 10–25 for all) for 30-day mortality were older age, male sex, and shorter LOS. From 1998 to 2017, LOS decreased by on average 4 days and was shorter in both male and female aged ≥ 90 years compared to those aged 80–89 (P < 0.001 for comparisons). In conclusion, despite population aging, hip fracture incidence in Sweden has decreased over the last 20 years. However, short-term mortality has increased, which to some extent may partly be explained by the fact that LOS has decreased without being adapted to important risk factors.
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| 20. |
- Sigmundsson, Freyr Gauti, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with no preoperative back pain have the best outcome after lumbar disc herniation surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: European spine journal. - : Springer. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 31:2, s. 408-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Most patients with lumbar disc herniations requiring surgery have concomitant back pain. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the outcome of surgery for lumbar disc herniations in patients with no preoperative back pain (NBP) compared to those reporting low back pain (LBP).METHODS: 15,418 patients surgically treated due to LDH with primary discectomy from 1998 until 2020 were included in the study. Self-reported low back pain assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to dichotomize the patients in two groups, patients without preoperative back pain (NBP, NRS = 0, n = 1333, 9%) and patients with preoperative low back pain (LBP, NRS > 0, n = 14,085, 91%). Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected preoperatively and one-year postoperatively were used to evaluate differences in outcomes between the groups.RESULTS: At the one-year follow-up, 89% of the patients in the NBP group were completely pain free or much better compared with 76% in the LBP group. Significant improvement regarding leg pain was seen in all measured PROMs in both groups oneyear after surgery. In the NBP group, 13% reported clinically significant back pain (NRS difference greater than Minimally Clinical Important Difference (MICD)) at the one-year follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Patients without preoperative back pain are good candidates for LDH surgery. 13% of patients without preoperative back pain develop clinically significant back pain one-year after surgery.
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| 21. |
- Ali, Adnan, et al.
(författare)
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Portal vein embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue is superior to other materials : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 31:8, s. 5464-5478
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives It remains uncertain which embolization material is best for portal vein embolization (PVE). We investigated the various materials for effectiveness in inducing future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy, technical and growth success rates, and complication and resection rates. Methods A systematic review from 1998 to 2019 on embolization materials for PVE was performed on Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane. FLR growth between the two most commonly used materials was compared in a random effects meta-analysis. In a separate analysis using local data (n = 52), n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was compared with microparticles regarding costs, radiation dose, and procedure time. Results In total, 2896 patients, 61.0 +/- 4.0 years of age and 65% male, from 51 papers were included in the analysis. In 61% of the patients, either NBCA or microparticles were used for embolization. The remaining were treated with ethanol, gelfoam, or sclerosing agents. The FLR growth with NBCA was 49.1% +/- 29.7 compared to 42.2% +/- 40 with microparticles (p = 0.037). The growth success rate with NBCA vs microparticles was 95.3% vs 90.7% respectively (p < 0.001). There were no differences in major complications between NBCA and microparticles. In the local analysis, NBCA (n = 41) entailed shorter procedure time and reduced fluoroscopy time (p < 0.001), lower radiation exposure (p < 0.01), and lower material costs (p < 0.0001) than microparticles (n = 11). Conclusion PVE with NBCA seems to be the best choice when combining growth of the FLR, procedure time, radiation exposure, and costs.
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| 22. |
- Deng, Kaiqiang, et al.
(författare)
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A dry-wet teleconnection between southwestern and northeastern China in winter and early spring
- 2024
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Ingår i: CLIMATE DYNAMICS. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global climate change has led to more frequent and intense dry and wet extremes, causing considerable socio-economic losses, but whether these extremes in distant regions are linked and what mechanisms are driving their changes remain unclear. Based on the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index and ERA5 reanalysis data, this study reveals a dry-wet teleconnection between southwestern China (SWC) and northeastern China (NEC) from January to April: when SWC was extremely dry, NEC tended to be anomalously wet, and vice versa. Although the seesawing teleconnection is most significant on interannual time scales, it also experienced interdecadal changes, with wet SWC and dry NEC in 1979-1998 and 2019-present and dry SWC and wet NEC in 1999-2018. Further investigations suggest that the pattern of dry SWC and wet NEC is related to anomalous anticyclones (cyclones) over SWC (NEC), which lead to significant changes in surface temperature and total precipitation in the respective regions. The dryness in western (eastern) SWC is mainly influenced by the changes in temperature (precipitation), while the NEC wetness is affected mainly by the changes in temperature. Observational and modeling studies further suggest that the pressure anomalies over SWC and NEC are caused by zonally and meridionally propagating Rossby wave trains, triggered by the North Atlantic Oscillation and the enhanced Indo-Pacific convection, respectively. These wave trains further lead to hydroclimatic extremes in North America, southern Europe, and the Middle East by regulating the atmospheric circulation anomalies over these regions.
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| 23. |
- Raitio, A, et al.
(författare)
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High incidence of inguinal hernias among patients with congenital abdominal wall defects: a population-based case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1076 .- 0340-6199. ; 180:8, s. 2693-2698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this nationwide population-based case–control study was to assess the incidence of inguinal hernia (IH) among patients with congenital abdominal wall defects. All infants born with congenital abdominal wall defects between Jan 1, 1998, and Dec 31, 2014, were identified in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations. Six controls matched for gestational age, sex, and year of birth were selected for each case in the Medical Birth Register. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was searched for relevant diagnosis codes for IH, and hernia incidence was compared between cases and controls. We identified 178 infants with gastroschisis and 150 with omphalocele and selected randomly 1968 matched, healthy controls for comparison. Incidence of IH was significantly higher in gastroschisis girls than in matched controls, relative risk (RR) 7.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.25–23.07). In boys with gastroschisis, no statistically significant difference was observed, RR 1.60 (95% CI 0.75–3.38). Omphalocele was associated with higher risk of IH compared to matched controls, RR 6.46 (95% CI 3.90–10.71), and the risk was equally elevated in male and female patients.Conclusion: Risk of IH is significantly higher among patients with congenital abdominal wall defects than in healthy controls supporting hypothesis that elevated intra-abdominal pressure could prevent natural closure of processus vaginalis. Parents should be informed of this elevated hernia risk to avoid delays in seeking care. We also recommend careful follow-up during the first months of life as most of these hernias are diagnosed early in life.What is Known:• Inguinal hernia is one of the most common disorders encountered by a pediatric surgeon.• Prematurity increases the risk of inguinal hernia.What is New:• Children with congenital abdominal wall defects have a significantly higher risk of inguinal hernia than general population.• Families should be informed of this elevated hernia risk to avoid delays in seeking care.
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| 24. |
- Zurlo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Orbital and dynamical analysis of the system around HR 8799 New astrometric epochs from VLT/SPHERE and LBT/LUCI
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. HR 8799 is a young planetary system composed of four planets and a double debris belt. Being the first multi-planetary system discovered with the direct imaging technique, it has been observed extensively since 1998. This wide baseline of astrometric measurements, counting over 50 observations in 20 years, permits a detailed orbital and dynamical analysis of the system.Aims. To explore the orbital parameters of the planets, their dynamical history, and the planet-to-disk interaction, we made follow-up observations of the system during the VLT/SPHERE guaranteed time observation program. We obtained 21 observations, most of them in favorable conditions. In addition, we observed HR 8799 with the instrument LUCI at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT).Methods. All the observations were reduced with state-of-the-art algorithms implemented to apply the spectral and angular differential imaging method. We re-reduced the SPHERE data obtained during the commissioning of the instrument and in three open-time programs to have homogeneous astrometry. The precise position of the four planets with respect to the host star was calculated by exploiting the fake negative companions method. We obtained an astrometric precision of the order of 6 mas in the worst case and 1 mas in the best case. To improve the orbital fitting, we also took into account all of the astrometric data available in the literature. From the photometric measurements obtained in different wavelengths, we estimated the masses of the planets following the evolutionary models.Results. We obtained updated parameters for the orbits with the assumption of coplanarity, relatively small eccentricities, and periods very close to the 2:1 resonance. We also refined the dynamical mass of each planet and the parallax of the system (24.49 ± 0.07 mas), which overlap with the recent Gaia eDR3/DR3 estimate. Hydrodynamical simulations suggest that inward migration of the planets caused by the interaction with the disk might be responsible for the planets being locked in resonance. We also conducted detailed N-body simulations indicating possible positions of a putative fifth planet with a mass below the present detection limits of ≃3 MJup.
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| 25. |
- Yang, Rongrong, et al.
(författare)
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A healthy lifestyle mitigates the risk of heart disease related to type 2 diabetes : a prospective nested case-control study in a nationwide Swedish twin cohort
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 64, s. 530-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis We aimed to examine the association between type 2 diabetes and major subtypes of heart disease, to assess the role of genetic and early-life familial environmental factors in this association and to explore whether and to what extent a healthy lifestyle mitigates the risk of heart disease related to type 2 diabetes.Methods In this prospective nested case-control study based on the Swedish Twin Registry, 41,463 twin individuals who were aged >= 40 and heart disease-free were followed up for 16 years (from 1998 to 2014) to detect incident heart disease. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained from self-report, the National Patient Registry and glucose-lowering medication use. Heart disease diagnosis (including coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure) and onset age were identified from the National Patient Registry. Healthy lifestyle-related factors consisted of being a non-smoker, no/mild alcohol consumption, regular physical activity and being non-overweight. Participants were divided into three groups according to the number of lifestyle-related factors: (1) unfavourable (participants who had no or only one healthy lifestyle factor); (2) intermediate (any two or three); and (3) favourable (four). Generalised estimating equation models for unmatched case-control design and conditional logistic regression for co-twin control design were used in data analyses.Results Of all participants, 2304 (5.5%) had type 2 diabetes at baseline. During the observation period, 9262 (22.3%) had any incident heart disease. In unmatched case-control analyses and co-twin control analyses, the multi-adjusted OR and 95% CI of heart disease related to type 2 diabetes was 4.36 (3.95, 4.81) and 4.89 (3.88, 6.16), respectively. The difference in ORs from unmatched case-control analyses vs co-twin control analyses was statistically significant (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.42, 1.73; p < 0.001). In stratified analyses by type 2 diabetes, compared with an unfavourable lifestyle, an intermediate lifestyle or a favourable lifestyle was associated with a significant 32% (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.49, 0.93) or 56% (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.30, 0.63) decrease in heart disease risk among patients with type 2 diabetes, respectively. There were significant additive and multiplicative interactions between lifestyle and type 2 diabetes on heart disease.Conclusions/interpretation Type 2 diabetes is associated with more than fourfold increased risk of heart disease. The association still remains statistically significant, even after fully controlling for genetic and early-life familial environmental factors. However, greater adherence to a healthy lifestyle may significantly mitigate the risk of heart disease related to type 2 diabetes.
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