| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aluoja, Anu, et al.
(författare)
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Development and psychometric properties of the Emotional State Questionnaire : a self-report questionnaire for depression and anxiety
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 53:6, s. 443-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety and depression are dimensions of emotional state that can be validly assessed with self-report measures. This article introduces a new self-report questionnaire for depression and anxiety (Emotional State Questionnaire (EST-Q)) and presents data on its reliability and validity. The items of the EST-Q were derived from diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV and ICD-10. Thirty-three items were rated on a five-point frequency scale. The questionnaire was administered to 194 inpatients with depressive and anxiety disorders and to a population sample of 479 subjects. According to the results of factor analysis, five subscales were formed: Depression, Anxiety, Agoraphobia-Panic, Fatigue, and Insomnia. EST-Q and subscales showed acceptable internal consistency (alpha = 0.69-0.88). Significant differences in subscales between patients and population and across diagnostic groups confirmed the discriminant validity of the instrument. Depression, Anxiety, and Agoraphobia-Panic subscales distinguished corresponding diagnostic groups. Fatigue and Insomnia appeared to assess nonspecific psychopathology dimensions characteristic of several psychiatric disorders.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Asperger's syndrome or schizophrenia
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 49:2, s. 145-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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The ward atmosphere of a psychiatric day care unit on the basis of occupational therapy: Characteristics and development during a 5-year period
- 1996
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 50:2, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a process-outcome study the development of the ward atmosphere over 5 years in a psychiatric day care unit on the basis of occupational therapy was investigated. The Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES) was administered to patients -about equal numbers of psychotic and non-psychotic—and staff on ten occasions, covering three phases. The ward atmosphere was distinguished by high levels of involvement, support, order and organization, and program clarity and by low levels of anger and aggression and staff control. In phase one the ward atmosphere was mainly in accordance with recommendations for psychotic patients, but during phases two and three there was a development towards more optimal factors for non-psychotic patients, probably reflecting changing needs of the patients. The patient and staff ratings were more in accordance than in most other studies, probably due to high patient-staff interaction.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fransson, Per, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of adolescents in psychiatric care assessed by means of the Defense Mechanism Test and the DSM-IV classification system
- 1998
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - Oslo : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 52:6, s. 527-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-seven adolescents in psychiatric care, assessed by means of DSM-IV, and 33 healthy controls were tested using the projective percept-genetic Defense Mechanism Test (DMT). Three diagnostic subgroups were created: psychotic (Axis 1), borderline personality disorder (Axis 2), and a non-patient group. The test protocols were scored with regard to 130 DMT variables and analyzed by means of partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis and by means of a pattern analysis of the DMT variables. The results showed that it was possible to distinguish significantly among the three groups. Specific perceptual distortions were identified among the three groups. It was concluded that DMT is a promising instrument in the assessment of adolescents in psychiatric care.
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| 11. |
- Haglund, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational functioning in relation to psychiatric diagnoses: schizophrenia and mood disorders.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 52:3, s. 223-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purposeof the study was to investigate whether a patient's adaptive occupational functioning is related to diagnoses of schizophrenia or mood disorders. The Occupational Case Analysis Interview and Rating Scale (OCAIRS) was used to examine the patient's adaptation in everyday occupation. Three groups of patients were studied: patients with schizophrenia (n=18), major depression (n=20), and bipolar disorders (n=22). The adaptive occupational functioning of patients with schizophrenia and those with bipolar disorders was significantly reduced, to the same levels as that of patients with major depression. Thus, a patient's adaptive occupational functioning seems to be related to the studied psychiatric diagnoses. This observation may be used as a first step when screen patients for occupational therapy.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Humble, M, et al.
(författare)
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Dex-chlorpheniramine treatment of panic disorder
- 1998
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Ingår i: NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 52:5, s. 440-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Lundvik Gyllensten, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Psychomotor functioning in suicide attempters. An explorative study using the Resource Oriented Body Examination of Bunkan
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 51:3, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within physical therapy there is a tradition of focusing on body-oriented resources and psychomotor functioning. The aim of the present explorative study was to describe psychomotor functioning such as patterns of muscular tension, posture, resistance to passive movements, respiration, and reactions to palpation in a group of suicide attempters admitted to the Lund Suicide Research Center, Sweden. Fe-three consecutive patients were included in the study (28 women and 25 men; mean age, 42 years; standard deviation, 13; range, 21-80 years). The Resource Oriented Body Examination (ROBE) of Buncan was used to assess psychomotor functioning. In addition, some other tests were undertaken, such as laboratory tests (monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma cortisol after dexamethasone) and temperament ratings. Results indicated that the patients generally showed a high level of psychomotor disturbance as compared with reference values. The ROBE total score was significantly higher in patients who later completed suicide than in the non-completer group (P = 0.02). Two ROBE subgroups were identified. The hypotonic group (n = 19) showed a higher frequency of respiration disturbances (P = 0.01) than the hypertonic group (n = 34). The hypotonic subgroup also had a significantly higher rate of completed suicides at a follow-up 5 years later (P = 0.048). With regard to biochemical tests, the hypotonic group comprised significantly more cases with high levels of cortisol after dexamethasone (P = 0.02). In conclusion, controlled studies of psychomotor functioning in suicide attempters ought to be performed. In our opinion the results of the present study enerate interesting hypotheses.
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| 17. |
- Magne-Ingvar, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide attempters with and without reported overconsumption of alcohol and tranquillizers
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 51:6, s. 415-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to investigate the existence of overconsumption of alcohol and tranquillizers in suicide attempters and whether overconsumers differ from those with no overconsumption. One hundred and twenty-six patients, evaluated and treated after a suicide attempt in a psychiatric ward, took part in a comprehensive investigation. This included questions on consumption of alcohol and tranquillizers and use of illegal drugs, independently of the psychiatric diagnostic procedure. More than half of the patients (59%) reported overconsumption of any kind or use of illegal drugs; 47% overconsumed alcohol (13% in a combination with tranquillizers), 10% overconsumed tranquillizers only, and 2% had used illegal drugs. Compared with non-overconsumers, overconsumers had more often made previous suicide attempts, and psychiatric co-morbidity on DSM III-R was commoner among overconsumers. The parents of overconsumers had more often been treated for psychiatric disorders, and alcoholism among fathers was commoner. The overconsumers of alcohol were younger and less often married, had a weaker social network, and had lower platelet monoamine oxidase activity. The psychosocial characteristics found in overconsumers underline the need for identification of these subjects, to prevent an escalation of a self-destructive life-style. A thorough investigation concerning use of alcohol and other substances is therefore essential in all suicide attempters; otherwise there is a risk that overconsumers without a DSM III-R diagnosis of substance use disorder may be undetected.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ohrt, T, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive distortions in panic disorder and major depression : Specificity for depressed mood
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 53:6, s. 459-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) and the Automatic Thought Questionnaire (ATQ) are two widely used instruments in research on cognitive distortion in psychopathology. To investigate the specificity of the DAS and the ATQ for major depression and for depressive symptoms in panic disorder, 23 patients with panic disorder were examined with the DAS and the ATQ before and after an 8-week treatment period. Patients from a previous study on cognitive distortion in major depression were used for comparison of pretreatment ratings. The results support the hypothesis of specificity of cognitive distortions of type dysfunctional attitudes in accordance with the DAS and negative spontaneous thoughts in accordance with the ATQ for major depression and a sensitivity of negative spontaneous thoughts to absolute and relative levels of mild depressive symptoms in patients with panic disorder.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychoeducation for patients with bipolar affective disorder: An explorative study
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 51:6, s. 439-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored the effects of an education package on outpatients with bipolar disorder. The primary goals were to determine whether the patients' knowledge of the illness would be improved after an educational intervention and whether education would lead to changes in such areas as attitudes to lithium and psychiatric well-being. We also examined whether changes would be maintained at follow-up. This study included 10 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The patients were given a six-session education package that covered the following areas: 1) demographics; 2) aetiology; 3) illness (course and symp toms); 4) treatment; 5) hospital procedures; and 6) coping (including problem-solving) with the illness and stress. Patients were assessed immediately before and after the intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up. The measures used were The Bipolar Knowledge Questionnaire, The Lithium Attitudes Questionnaire, The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The Hopelessness Scale, The General Health Questionnaire, and The Use of Inpatient Psychiatric Services. The results show significant improvements in knowledge about the illness, attitudes towards lithium, and self-esteem. These effects were maintained at follow-up. There were modest reductions in pessimism about the future and psychiatric morbidity. The utilization of inpatient psychiatric services decreased for three patients, whereas the other seven patients did not use the services at all. There were no significant correlations between any of the variables. The findings suggest that the educational intervention was beneficial for manic depressives. However, a larger control study needs to be performed to confirm these reliminary findings.
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| 22. |
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