| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahmad, Abdulbaghi, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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EMDR treatment for children with PTSD : Results of a randomized controlled trial
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 61:5, s. 349-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children with post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) compared with untreated children in a waiting list control group (WLC) participating in a randomized controlled superiority trial (RCT). Thirty-three 6-16-year-old children with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD were randomly assigned to eight weekly EMDR sessions or the WLC group. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Scale for Children (PTSS-C scale) was used in interviews with children to evaluate their symptoms and outcome. Post-treatment scores of the EMDR group were significantly lower than the WLC indicating improvement in total PTSS-C scores, PTSD-related symptom scale, and the subscales re-experiencing and avoidance among subjects in the EMDR group, while untreated children improved in PTSD-non-related symptom scale. The improvement in re-experiencing symptoms proved to be the most significant between-group difference over time. The results of the present exploratory study including a limited number of children with PTSD are encouraging and warrant further controlled studies of larger samples of children suffering from PTSD.
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| 3. |
- Ahmad, Abdulbaghi, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder in Kurdistanian children and their parents in homeland and exile : An epidemiological approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:6, s. 457-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed in random samples of school-aged Kurdistanian children and their parents in homeland and exile. Of the 376 eligible children at the two sites, 312 children and their parents (293 mothers and 248 fathers) completed the Harvard-Uppsala Trauma Questionnaire and Posttraumatic Stress Symptom interviews for children, and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire for parents. Unlike their children, fathers showed significantly higher PTSD frequencies in exile than in the homeland. The fathers' PTSD negatively correlated with the living standard and fathers' education, while child PTSD mostly correlated with maternal education and living in exile. Living in exile seems to have a negative impact on fathers' post-traumatic reactions, despite its positive influence on children. High drop-outs in exile limit the conclusions.
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| 4. |
- Al-Windi, A
(författare)
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Depression in general practice
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:4, s. 272-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Autism spectrum disorders in institutionalized subjects.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:2, s. 160-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What do we know about the prevalence and the specific features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among subjects in forensic psychiatry and special youth centres? A clinical case series consisting of 42 subjects with ASD, recruited from three well-characterized populations in forensic psychiatry and special youth care, was used to determine: 1) the prevalence of ASD in these institutions (at least 13%), 2) the distribution of diagnostic criteria in this special population (mostly social interaction and communication problems, few or atypical flexibility problems), 3) the degree of comorbidity (the rule rather than the exception), 4) neuropsychological test profiles (lowered IQ with uneven profiles), 5) types of crimes and offences (very heterogeneous, often stress-related with dissociated features), 6) mental health care needs (high), and 7) special clinical features (especially expressions of flexibility deficits in non-classical areas and proneness to dissociation). This descriptive study indicates that ASD is a clinically relevant problem among forensic populations that has to be considered in diagnostics, assessments of needs and treatment planning.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Axberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Incredible Years Series - An open study of its effects when first introduced in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:2, s. 143-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behaviour management problems (BMP) are common among children (4-12%) and the prevalence seems to be rising. Persistent antisocial behaviour often leads to poor long-term psychosocial adjustment. Structured parent-training programmes have proven to be the most effective way of treating BMP in young children. The Incredible Years Series (IYS), which is a manual-based programme, was introduced in Sweden in 2001. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IYS in diverse clinical settings in Sweden. Parents of 113 children (3-9 years), recruited through the IYS-trained group leaders' ordinary services, participated in the study. The parents answered various questionnaires regarding their children's symptoms and their own psychological well-being before and after participating in the parent-training groups. The results are very encouraging; significant reduction of BMP in the children was found on all relevant measures. A significant increase in the self-rated wellbeing of the mothers was also found. The IYS seems to work in Sweden, even when used by group leaders who are in training. The importance of using a well-documented manualized method when implementing new models is accentuated.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bengtsson Tops, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of abuse in Swedish female psychiatric users, the perpetrators and places where abuse occurred
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:6, s. 504-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the study were to investigate self-reported physical, sexual, emotional and economical abuse in Swedish female users of psychiatric services, who the perpetrators were and in which places abuse occurred. An anonymous self-administrated questionnaire was answered in the waiting room of the services. The drop-out rate was 21% and n=1382 women completed the questionnaire. Fifty-three per cent of the women had been abused during childhood, 63% during adulthood and 31% during past year. Seventy-four per cent of those exposed during childhood were also exposed later in life. Women subjected to abuse reported longer contact with psychiatric care. Regardless of life period, the majority reported multiple and frequent abuse. Emotional abuse was most frequent reported in both childhood and adulthood followed by physical and sexual abuse. The reported perpetrators were mainly male persons to whom the woman had an intimate relationship. Mostly the abuse occurred in the women's own home. However, other women, strangers, acquaintances and relatives were also stated as perpetrator and abusive acts also took place in other homes, outdoors or down town. The high prevalence of abuse and its multiplicity point to the necessity for the care and support system to prioritize abuse against women with psychiatric illness.
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| 15. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported health functioning in Swedish alcohol-dependent individuals: age and gender perspectives.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 62:5, s. 405-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate health functioning and drinking patterns in a Swedish alcohol-dependent treatment sample. Gender and two age groups were, respectively, compared in these characteristics. Data for demographic characteristics, substance use and health functioning were collected by a structured interview, using the Addiction Severity Index. A total sample of 125 individuals (30 women and 95 men) was interviewed shortly after arrival to the inpatient treatment. Differences between genders were found in drinking patterns, where men had earlier onset of first drink, earlier onset of problematic alcohol consumption and longer duration of problematic consumption. No differences between genders were found regarding somatic and psychiatric health. When comparing the two age groups (29-47 years and 49-69 years), the younger individuals had more lifetime and current psychiatric symptoms (including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation etc.), whereas the older individuals had more chronic somatic disorders. The younger individuals had also an earlier onset of first drink of alcohol and had started a problematic consumption at earlier ages. They had also more lifetime experience of illicit drugs (including benzodiazepines and analgesics). The findings from the present study indicate that an age-perspective in treatment planning may be of more importance than a gender perspective, where younger individuals probably need more of psychiatric consultation and their older counterparts need more of consultations by medical professionals.
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| 16. |
- Bergström, Jan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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An open study of the effectiveness of Internet treatment for panic disorder delivered in a psychiatric setting
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:1, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Panic Disorder with or without or without agoraphobia (PD/A) is common and can be treated effectively with SSRI medication or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). There is however a great lack of access to CBT services, which has motivated the development of self-help approaches requiring less therapist contact. A novel treatment modality in this field, showing efficacy in several randomised trials but until now not evaluated within the context of regular psychiatric care, is Internet-based treatment. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of Internet-based CBT for 20 consecutively referred PD patients in a psychiatric setting. At post-treatment, 94% of patients no longer met DSM-IV criteria for PD (82% at 6-month follow up). The within-group effect sizes (for the main outcome PDSS; Panic Disorder Severity Scale) were Cohens d=2.5 (pre- to posttreatment) and 2.8 (pre-treatment to follow up) respectively. The proportion of responders on the PDSS was 75% at posttreatment and 70% at 6-month follow up. These results indicate that Internet-based CBT can be both an effective, feasible and potentially cost-effective alternative within regular psychiatric care for patients with PD.
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| 17. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A follow-up study of adolescents with conduct disorder: can long-term outcome be predicted from psychiatric assessment data?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 62:2, s. 121-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines Swedish young adults (mean age 21) with a history of conduct disorder (CD) as adolescents. Using medical records, this study explores the relationship between adolescent inpatients and their outcomes in adulthood. Two outcome variables were used: an indication of non-successful outcome variable (seven undesirable outcomes) and sense of coherence. Using multiple regression analyses, this study showed that extracted data from the medical case record could significantly explain small variance depending on output variable. The small variance could be related to the homogeneous clinical sample, the follow-up time, the outcome variables and the absence of a biological perspective. This study suggest, clinicians should be very careful when predicting outcome in young adulthood, if they should predict outcome at all. The positive conclusion in this matter is that as far as we know any teenager with CD could have a positive outcome in young adulthood.
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| 18. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A long-term follow-up of conduct disorder adolescents into adulthood.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 60:6, s. 469-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on young male and female adults (n=290) who were diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD) during adolescence at the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric unit in Lund, Sweden. Their adulthood is described using seven outcome variables: in custody, crime, illicit drug use, mental health, teenage parenthood, transference income and educational attainment. Together, the seven outcome variables represent a wide perspective of individual life and known risks for both genders. The variables are compared, scaled and described in an outcome that identifies successful outcome. Although this was a severe clinical inpatient group of adolescents, a relatively large number - about a third of the males and close to half of the females - exhibit a successful outcome by their early twenties. This study highlighted the merits use gender-sensitive outcome variables. The take-home message from a societal perspective is that many improvements are needed, a message that has been voiced in several Swedish commissions.
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| 19. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A long-term follow-up study of adolescents with conduct disorder: Can outcome be predicted from self-concept and intelligence?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 63:6, s. 454-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study examines Swedish young adults (age 21) with a history of conduct disorder (CD) in adolescence. Research has established CD as a condition for a range of adverse outcomes. Intelligence, aggression, parent-child conflict, parent-child relation and peer-rejection are known factors influencing the outcome. Aim: The aim of this longitudinal study is to find how self-confidence and intelligence in an inpatient group diagnosed with CD are related to health in young adulthood. Methods: The subjects were diagnosed with CD in their adolescence at the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric unit. Using structured questionnaires as independent variables, this study uses multiple regression analysis to predict health outcomes. Results: The results showed that self-concept and verbal intelligence could significantly predict health outcomes. However, in the multivariate analysis, only self-concept variables significantly predicted the outcome. The predicted outcome was small, but substantial in most models (R-2 = 0.12-0.25). Conclusion: This means that clinicians need to be humble in forecasting individual adult health among adolescents with severe CD. According to this study, it is difficult to separate positive and negative outcomes. We suggest that this structural data has better prediction potential than medical casebook data. If this is the general case, this psychometric data paves the way for more structural ways of assessing child and adolescence psychiatric problems.
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| 20. |
- Björkman, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of stigma among people with severe mental illness. Reliability, acceptability and construct validity of the Swedish versions of two stigma scales measuring devaluation/discrimination and rejection experiences
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:5, s. 332-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stigma has been identified as one of the most important obstacles for a successful integration of people with mental illness into the society. Research about stigma has shown negative attitudes among the public towards people with mental illness. Studies so far have, however, put little emphasis on how these negative attitudes are perceived by the mentally ill persons. The aim of the present study was to investigate acceptability and internal consistency of the Swedish versions of two stigma scales, the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale. Forty individuals were subject to an interview, which also comprised assessments of needs for care, quality of life, therapeutic relationship and empowerment. The results showed that both the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale had a good internal consistency and acceptability. Stigma in terms of perceived devaluation and discrimination was found to be most markedly associated with empowerment and rejection experiences was found to be most associated with the number of previous psychiatric admissions. It is concluded that the Swedish versions of the Devaluation and Discrimination scale and the Rejection experiences scale may well be used in further studies of stigma among people with mental illness.
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| 21. |
- Björkman, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life in people with severe mental illness. Reliability and validity of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA).
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 59:4, s. 302-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA) is a short interview, which has received a recent interest in research investigating quality of life in people with mental illness. In the present study, the Swedish version of MANSA is examined with regard to reliability, in terms of internal consistency and construct validity. Ninety-two persons with severe mental illness were interviewed regarding quality of life, social network, psychosocial functioning, psychiatric symptoms, needs for care, empowerment and experiences of stigma. Internal consistency was adequate (alpha = 0.81). Positive correlations were found between MANSA and social network, empowerment and psychosocial functioning, and negative correlations with psychopathology, number of needs for care, perceived devaluation and discrimination, and rejection experiences. Social network, psychosocial functioning and beliefs of devaluation and discrimination altogether explained 67% of the variance in quality of life. The Swedish version of MANSA showed a satisfactory reliability in terms of internal consistency. The construct of validity of the scale was satisfactory insofar as associations with validation measures were of considerable magnitude and in expected directions.
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| 22. |
- Bogren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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How common are psychotic and bipolar disorders? A 50-year follow-up of the Lundby population.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 63, s. 336-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose was to present the prevalence of all psychotic and bipolar (BP) disorders in a total general population (n=3563), which has been followed from 1947 to 1997. Materials and Methods: Best-estimate consensus DSM-IV diagnoses, supported by data from interviews, case notes, registers and key-informants, were assessed. The period prevalence from 1947 to 1997 and the lifetime prevalence (LTP) in 1997, respectively, was calculated. Results: The period prevalence per 100 was: 4.24 for any psychotic or BP disorder, 2.25 for non-affective psychotic (NAP) disorder, 0.76 for psychotic disorder related to a general medical condition (GMC), 0.62 for affective psychotic (AP) disorder and 0.59 for substance-induced psychotic (SIP) disorder. The LTP per 100 was: 2.82 for any psychotic or BP disorder, 1.38 for NAP disorder, 0.54 for psychotic disorder related to a GMC, 0.48 for SIP disorder and 0.42 for AP disorder. The specific diagnosis with the highest period prevalence 1.43 per 100 and LTP 0.84 per 100, respectively, was schizophrenia. The LTP of psychotic disorder related to a GMC, SIP disorder, schizophrenia and delusional disorder, respectively, was higher than in most recent community studies while the LTP of brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder and AP disorder, respectively, was lower. However, the findings were in approximate accord with the estimates in the Psychoses in Finland (PIF) Study 1. Conclusions: The findings suggest that psychotic disorders are common in the community, and should be considered a major public health concern.
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| 23. |
- Börjesson, Josefine, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The psychometric propeerties of the Swedish version of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 61:3, s. 225-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD) instrument were evaluated in two adolescent groups. The participants in the Normal group comprised 121 adolescents aged 15-17 years and the participants in the group of adolescents with antisocial problems comprised 1168 youths aged 10-21 years detained under the Swedish Care of Young Persons Act in special youth homes. The ADAD instrument produced good interrater reliability; the subscales showed moderate internal consistency and concept validity was satisfactory and comparable with American and Swiss versions. Finally, the ADAD subscales produced meaningful correlations. The interviewer rating, the adolescent’s rating and the composite scores are compared and discussed. The Swedish version of ADAD appears to be a psychometrically good instrument for assessing the severity of adolescent problems and their need for treatment. However, the composite scores need to be reconstructed to be useful in future research.
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| 24. |
- Carlstedt, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Mental disorders and DSM-IV paedophilia in 185 subjects convicted of sexual child abuse.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:6, s. 534-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to explore how sexual child abusers who meet the DSM-IV criteria for paedophilia differ from those who do not. We studied DSM-IV disorders and paedophilic interests in all cases of sexual child abuse referred to forensic psychiatric investigation in Sweden between 1993 and 1997 (n=185). Frequency and severity of other mental disorders did not differ between subjects with and without DSM-IV paedophilia. However, men with paedophilia had more previous paedophilia convictions, same-sex and younger victims and less often intoxicated status when committing the act. The concept of paedophilia as a mental disorder is not supported by the DSM-IV diagnosis, which primarily describes the acting out of attraction.
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| 25. |
- Chotai, Jayanti
(författare)
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Suicide aggregation in relation to socio-demographic variables and the suicide method in a general population : assortative susceptibility.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:5, s. 325-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One area of research in suicidology aims at understanding the processes underlying aggregation or clustering of suicide cases within a limited period of time or space (suicide epidemics). Susceptibility to, or propagation of, suicidal behavior due to given risk factors may be operating through media other than space, and its susceptibility for the receiver may be different within different types of strata that are determined by socio-demographic, personality-related or biological-susceptibility differences. We use the term "assortative susceptibility" for this phenomenon. Aggregated cases, comprising calendar months with an unusually large number of suicides after adjusting for seasonal and yearly variations, were defined in the register of all 1093 completed suicides during 1969-93 in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. Binary multiple logistic regressions were performed to compare the aggregated cases with the remaining cases. Compared with the remaining cases, the aggregated cases included significantly more of males and of those living in the rural forested regions. Also, suicide by firearms was significantly more aggregated than the other methods. Our results suggest that middle-aged or older men from the rural areas, who have access to firearms, are likely to belong to the socio-demographic stratum that is susceptible to the processes that give rise to aggregations or clusters of suicides in this county (assortative susceptibility).
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Dahl, A., et al.
(författare)
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SPIFA-A presentation of the Structured Psychiatric Interview for General Practice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:6, s. 443-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The diagnostic ability of general practitioners (GPs) concerning mental disorders is not optimal, and could be improved by structured diagnostic interviews. Various aspects of the Structured Psychiatric Interview for General Practice (SPIFA) are examined. Aims: The inter-rater reliability of the SPIFA, the time used by GPs and specialists and the GPs satisfaction are examined. The properties of the SPIFA are compared with those of the Prime-MD and the MINI schedules. Methods: Inter-rater reliability of the SPIFA was tested in 336 patients in general practice. The patients were randomized to two interview strategies. Either both GPs and psychiatrists used the SPIFA, or GPs used the SPIFA and psychiatrists a modified version of the SCID for Axis I disorders. The satisfaction was investigated by a questionnaire sent to 1000 GPs who had SPIFA training. Results: The SPIFA showed adequate inter-rater reliability for depression, anxiety disorders and increased suicidal risk for both interview strategies. In patients with more than two co-morbid disorders, the inter-rater reliability was poor. The mean duration of SPIFA was 21 min for SPIFA screening and 22 min for SPIFA manual. The 192 GPs responding to the questionnaire were mostly satisfied with the SPIFA. Conclusions: The SPIFA seems to be a reliable, valid and helpful instrument for GPs making diagnoses of mental disorders in their patients. Compared with the Prime MD and the MINI, the SPIFA seemed to have comparable psychometric properties but better feasibility in primary care.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of psychopathic character (Rorschach) in forensic psychiatric rapists
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:3, s. 176-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research using Rorschach is sparse in rapists. The aim of this study of 10 violent male forensic psychiatric rapists was to describe them on a set of Rorschach variables, which are assumed to reflect psychopathic character, in order to increase our understanding of rapists. The participants were involved in a long-term psychodynamic sexual offender treatment program. They were previously assessed on dyslexia and ADHD, and the results showed an overrepresentation of these disorders in this sample. Compared with normative samples, the participants scored significantly lower on three of the Rorschach variables; Lambda, WSum6 and Afr. The participants did not meet criteria for psychopathic character. Although the generalization of the results from 10 rapists is severely limited, our results suggest helplessness in managing emotionally laden situations and hint at the problems experienced by this sample of forensic psychiatric rapists. Clinicians should be aware of the lack of psychopathic character in some rapists and that effective treatment programs should focus on training this type of rapists to be able to react appropriately to emotional stimuli.
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| 30. |
- Dåderman, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Using the Karolinska Scales of Personality on male juvenile delinquents: relationships between scales and factor structure.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:6, s. 448-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between scales from the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the factor structure of the KSP in a sample of male juvenile delinquents. The KSP was administered to a group of male juvenile delinquents (n = 55, mean age 17 years; standard deviation = 1.2) from four Swedish national correctional institutions for serious offenders. As expected, the KSP showed appropriate correlations between the scales. Factor analysis (maximum likelihood) arrived at a four-factor solution in this sample, which is in line with previous research performed in a non-clinical sample of Swedish males. More research is needed in a somewhat larger sample of juvenile delinquents in order to confirm the present results regarding the factor solution.
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| 31. |
- Eid, Jarle, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Norwegian Impact of Event Scale-Revised in a non-clinical sample
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:5, s. 426-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the widespread use of the Impact of Event Scale to measure post-traumatic stress symptoms, psychometric evaluations of the scale have revealed mixed findings. Aim: The aim of the present study is to provide new empirical evidence and examine the factor structure, reliability, and predictive validity of the Norwegian version of the IES-R. Methods: Posttraumatic stress symptoms were recorded in a student sample (n=312) 3 weeks after the Southeast Asian tsunami disaster in December 2004. Confirmatory factor analyses of the IES-R behavior items using structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed on four models from existing research. Results: The original three-factor model of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms exhibited the best goodness-of-fit indices when defined as oblique. The IES-R also revealed satisfactory reliability. Symptom levels of intrusion and avoidance were moderate, while hyperarousal scores were low, with a significant gender difference. Conclusion: Taken together, the IES-R revealed good psychometric properties in this nonclinical student sample and could be a useful instrument to assess and follow-up on PTSD symptoms after a certain identified trauma.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Ekholm, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of diagnostic procedures in Swedish patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:6, s. 457-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to estimate the value of structured interviews, medical records and Swedish register diagnoses for assessing lifetime diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatric records and diagnostic interviews of 143 Swedish patients diagnosed by their treating physician with schizophrenia and related disorders were scrutinized. Based on record analysis only, or a combined record and interview analysis, DSM-IV diagnoses were obtained by the OPCRIT algorithm. Independent of the OPCRIT algorithm, a standard research DSM-IV diagnosis, based on both record and interview analysis, was given by the research psychiatrist. Concordance rates for the different psychosis diagnoses were calculated. DSM-IV diagnoses based on records only, showed a good to excellent agreement with diagnoses based on records and interviews. Swedish register diagnoses displayed generally poor agreement with the research diagnoses. Nevertheless, 94% of subjects sometimes registered with a diagnosis of schizophrenic psychoses (i.e. schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis or schizophreniform disorder) displayed a standard research DSM-IV diagnosis of these disorders. For patients in long-term treatment for schizophrenia in Sweden, psychiatric record reviews should be optimal, cost effective and sufficient for assessment of lifetime research diagnoses of schizophrenia. For these patients a research interview adds little new information. The results further indicate that a Swedish register diagnosis of schizophrenic psychoses has a high positive predictive power to a standard research DSM-IV diagnosis of the disorders. It is concluded that for future Swedish large-scale genetic studies focusing on a broad definition of schizophrenia, it would be sufficient to rely on the Swedish register diagnoses of schizophrenic psychosis.
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| 34. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Construct and discriminant validity and dimensionality of the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI) in three psychiatric samples
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 61:3, s. 182-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI), in terms of construct and discriminant validity and unidimensionality, in three psychiatric samples with varying prerequisites for social interaction: 1) an outpatient sample of working age with mixed diagnoses, 2) an outpatient sample with schizophrenia, and 3) an inpatient sample composed of mentally ill, male offenders. The target constructs were psychosocial functioning and satisfaction in different life domains. It was hypothesized that the ISSI would mainly be related to psychosocial functioning and life domains characterized by social interaction, such as friends and family. A second hypothesis was that the ISSI ratings would discriminate between the three samples. The first hypothesis was confirmed, but the pattern of relationships was somewhat different between the groups. Whereas family contacts were of great importance for social integration in Samples 1 and 2, friends seemed more important for the mentally ill offenders. The second hypothesis was partly confirmed: three ISSI sub-scales out of four discriminated between the samples. Moreover, the ISSI proved to be a unidimensional construct. The support for the four proposed sub-scales was not unanimous, however, and the sub-scales targeting attachment constituted less stable factors. This study demonstrated the construct and discriminant validity of the ISSI when applied to samples with various mental disorders. The fact that similar results were obtained in all three samples, despite varying prerequisites for social interaction, strongly supports the validity of the ISSI. Providing the sub-scales are used with caution, the ISSI seems to be a reliable tool for use with patients with severe mental disorders.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Fors, Björn Milesson, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality among persons with schizophrenia in Sweden : An epidemiological study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 61:4, s. 252-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to analyse 10-year mortality among persons with schizophrenia from an epidemiological perspective. This cohort study included all persons with schizophrenia (n=255) living in the northern catchment area in Uppsala in 1991, and 1275 subjects from the national population register matched for sex, age and living area. The prevalence of schizophrenia was 0.37% and the mortality rate for individuals with schizophrenia was higher than for referents: 23.0% vs. 11.2%. The higher mortality among those with schizophrenia was mainly the result of unnatural causes and cardiovascular disease, especially in men. Excess mortality from cardiovascular disease was more pronounced in middle age, irrespective of gender. Multivariate analysis revealed higher mortality among individuals with schizophrenia living in the city than among those living in less urbanized areas. People with schizophrenia die more often than those without schizophrenia from unnatural causes or circulatory diseases. Individuals with schizophrenia die sooner from circulatory diseases than those without schizophrenia. Having schizophrenia and living in the city also results in higher mortality than having schizophrenia and living in other areas. The risk of early death from circulatory disease needs to be studied in more detail to reveal the potential respective contributions of intrinsic patient vulnerability, lifestyle factors and side-effects from psychotropic drugs.
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| 38. |
- Forsberg, Karl Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Physical health a cluster randomized controlled lifestyle intervention among persons with a psychiatric disability and their staff
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 62:6, s. 486-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to explore the impact on physical health of a lifestyle programme among persons with psychiatric disabilities, and their caregivers. Their satisfaction with the intervention was also assessed. Somatic comorbidity and an increased mortality related to the lifestyle among persons with psychiatric disabilities are well known. Few randomized controlled trials have been aimed specifically at lifestyle issues among persons with a psychiatric disability. This trial includes clients with psychiatric disabilities living in supported housing and their staff. Forty-one persons with a DSM-?V diagnosis of severe mental illness from psychiatric disability from 10 supported housing facilities and 41 of their caregivers participated in this 12-month study during 2005-2006 in Sweden. The supported housing facilities with residents and staff were randomly assigned to either a health intervention programme or a control programme with an aesthetic content. The presence of metabolic syndrome and changes in the mean of physiological parameters such as Hba1c, P-glucose, P-insulin, lipids, blood pressure, physical working capacity, body mass index, Heart Score were investigated and participants' satisfaction assessed. There was a significant reduction in the mean of metabolic syndrome criteria in the intervention group compared with the control group at the follow-up. The participants expressed satisfaction with the programme. The results indicate that health interventions on lifestyle issues when involving carers are appreciated, feasible and could be successful in reducing some health-related risk factors among persons with psychiatric disabilities.
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| 39. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF).
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:2, s. 160-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood maltreatment is delicate to assess both in clinical work and in research. There is a need for assessment tools that can be easily administered in an ethical and non-intrusive way that meets requirements of conceptual validity for various types of maltreatment and is sensitive to levels of severity. This study explores the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of one such toolthe Childhood Trauma QuestionnaireShort Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein and Fink, 1998). The CTQ-SF was administered to seven samples (total n=659)five clinical samples and two non-clinical student samples. The factor structure supports the construct validity of the global maltreatment scale, four of the five maltreatment subscales (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional neglect) and the minimization/denial (MD) scale, but not the physical neglect (PN) subscale. All items are highly correlated with their respective subscale. The discriminant validity is satisfactory. Highly significant correlation with social desirability gives further support for the MD-scale and to the recommendation of how to apply it. Internal consistency of PN is acceptable and for all other scales satisfactory. Swedish norm groups tend to score lower than similar American norm groups on abuse scales but higher on the neglect scales. Percentiles for seven gender-specific norm groups are presented. The weaknesses of the PN-scale are discussed and new constructs are proposed. The Swedish version of the CTQ-SF has the same construct validity and internal consistency as the original, including less homogeneity of the PN scale.
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| 40. |
- Goldin, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health of Bosnian refugee children : A comparison of clinician appraisal with parent, child and teacher reports
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - Oslo : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:3, s. 204-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares clinician appraisal of Bosnian refugee children with independent parent, child and teacher reports. From whom and by what means can children “at risk” be reasonably identified? Forty-eight Bosnian refugee children (aged 7-20), resettled in Sweden 1994-95, were assessed clinically by means of a semi-structured interview. Thereafter, standardized mental health questionnaires were administered to parents (Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist), children (Achenbach's Youth Self-Report and Macksoud's Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Checklist) and teachers (clinician designed School Competence Scale and Achenbach's Teacher's Report Form). On clinician interview, nearly half of the children (48%) were identified with one or more mental health problem “demanding further attention”. Depressiveness was the single most prevalent symptom (31%); followed by post-traumatic stress (23%), and anxiety-regressiveness (15%). At the same time, 75% of the children were rated by teachers as “quite competent” in school. Parent, child and clinician appraisals of primary school children showed broad similarities. Teachers reported a similar prevalence of child distress, but identified different symptoms and different children demanding attention. Evaluation of teenage youths showed greater disparity: teenagers labeled their own symptoms more often as post-traumatic stress reactions and teachers identified few youths in need of attention. Inter-relatedness among parent, child and clinician appraisals supports the robustness of our semi-structured interview. At the same time, apartness of teacher report underscores the need to incorporate an outside-world vantage point in the process of risk assessment. Also, a more concrete presentation of post-traumatic stress reactions and a higher “further attention” threshold for inward emotional problems seem called for.
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| 41. |
- Guldberg-Kjär, Taina, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Old people reporting childhood AD/HD symptoms: Retrospectively self-rated AD/HD symptoms in a population-based Swedish sample aged 65-80
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nord J Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725. ; 63:5, s. 375-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) has increased in recent years. Little is still known about the course and manifestations in later parts of life and whether elderly persons who once presented childhood AD/HD symptoms can be identified. The aim of the study was to explore the occurrence to which elderly individuals retrospectively report symptoms that may indicate childhood AD/HD. The 25-item Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) was administered in a population-based sample of 2500 persons aged 65-80. Demographics, selfratings of problems in childhood, current health and memory were also investigated. A total of 1599 individuals participated, which corresponds to a response rate of 64%. The prevalence of self-rated childhood AD/HD symptoms was 3.3% using a cut-off score of 36 or more in the WURS. Men rated significantly more AD/HD symptoms. Those who reported more childhood AD/HD symptoms also claimed general problems in childhood as well as worse current health. The proportion of individuals among 65-80-year-olds, who report childhood AD/HD symptoms is slightly lower but comparable with recent prevalence rates of childhood AD/HD. The study encourages further studies of AD/HD using a lifespan perspective.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Blueprints in Sweden. Symptom load in Swedish adolescents in studies of Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC).
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:6, s. 443-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to compare symptom load in youth groups treated with three Swedish Blueprint programmes - Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) - to see if symptom load matches the intensity of the treatment model as expected. These youth groups were also compared with in- and outpatients from child and adolescent psychiatry, and a normal comparison group. In addition, we compared the symptom load of their mothers. Symptom load was measured by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) in the adolescents, and by the Symptom Checklist 90 in their mothers. The results showed that youth in the MST and MTFC studies had a higher symptom load than in the FFT study, and the same pattern of results was found in their mothers. It is concluded that there seems to be a reasonable correspondence between the offered resources and the symptom load among youth and parents; treatment methods with higher intensity have been offered to youth with higher symptom load. The correlation between internalized and externalized symptoms was high in all study groups. The MST and MTFC groups had an equally high total symptom load as the psychiatric inpatient sample.
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| 44. |
- Haglund, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Locked entrance doors at psychiatric wards : advantages and disadvantages according to voluntarily admitted patients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:6, s. 511-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrance doors at wards where psychiatric care is provided are sometimes locked, which is notthe case at wards where somatic care is provided. How locked entrance doors at psychiatricwards are experienced by patients has been investigated to a very limited extent. The aim was todescribe voluntarily admitted patients’ perceptions of advantages and disadvantages about beingcared for on a psychiatric ward with a locked entrance door. Audio-taped, semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with 20 patients voluntarily admitted at psychiatric wards. Contentanalysis revealed six categories of advantages and 11 categories of disadvantages. Mostadvantages were categorized as ‘‘protects patients and staff against ‘the outside’ ’’, ‘‘providespatients with a secure and efficient care’’ and ‘‘provides staff with a sense of control over thepatients’’. Most disadvantages were categorized as ‘‘makes patients feel confined’’, ‘‘makespatients feel dependent on the staff ’’ and ‘‘makes patients feel worse emotionally’’. Patientsperceive a variety of advantages and disadvantages, for themselves, their visitors and staff,connected to locked entrance doors at psychiatric wards. A locked door may make the wardappear as both a prison and a sanctuary. It is important that staff try to minimize patients’concerns connected to the locked door.
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| 45. |
- Hanna, Vian Nissan, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, state of the art
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:4, s. 280-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years the, incidence of suicide in Kurdistan has been increasing, especially among females, to a degree it cannot be neglected. Consequently, attention was given to this phenomena and the aggressive method of suicide used by young peoples, especially females, in Kurdistan. In attempt to obtain an objective picture of the frequently media-reported suicide among youths and women in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The responsible authorities and medical service units in the region were visited to collect information, and the available data were explored to produce a state-of-the-art overview on the subject. Because of insufficient documentation and lack of systematic registration, the data on suicide were scattered and difficult to evaluate. However, the findings did confirm that suicide exists as a serious problem in the society in Kurdistan, particularly among females. Urgent attention is demanded from the responsible authorities and organizations concerned in the region. Further research is needed to investigate the exact extent of suicide and its correlates in the society in Kurdistan, in order to plan for effective preventive measures.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hedlund, Mathilde, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic agreement between a doctor and a nurse for psychiatric disorders: A pilot study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nord J Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 59, s. 339-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim with the present paper is to illustrate the use of multivariate strategies (i.e. integration of different multivariate methods) with five examples, four from the pharmaceutical industry and one from environmental research.In the first part, two examples wherein hierarchical models are applied to quality control (QC) and process control are discussed. In the second part a more complex problem and a strategy for material discovery/development are presented wherein a combination of multivariate calibration, multivariate analysis and multivariate design is needed. In the third part, a process analytical/optimization problem is illustrated with a two-step process, demanding that different multivariate tools are combined in a sequential way so that a useful model can be established and the process can be understood. In the final part the usefulness of principal component analysis followed by soft independent modelling of class analogy is illustrated with an example from environmental process monitoring. The five examples from quite different areas show that the chemometric tools are even more powerful if used integrated. However, different strategies and combinations of the tools have to be applied, depending on the problem and the aim.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Holmstrand, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling dysthymia from major depressive disorder in suicide attempters' suicidality, comorbidity and symptomatology.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 62:1, s. 25-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysthymia and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both risk diagnoses for suicidal behaviour. The aim of the present study was to identify clinical differences between these disorders, with a special reference to dysthymia. We studied suicidal behaviour, comorbidity and psychiatric symptoms of inpatient suicide attempters with dysthymia and MDD. We used DSM III-R diagnostics, the Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS) and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), part of which is the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Suicide mortality, number of repeated suicide attempts, method of suicide attempt and comorbidity of Axis I did not differ between the groups. Dysthymia patients, however, suffered more than MDD patients from DSM-III-R Axis II diagnoses (above all cluster B). There was no significant difference in Axis III comorbidity. Total SUAS, CPRS and MADRS scores did not differ significantly between the groups. When studying separate SUAS and CPRS items in a multivariate analysis, the CPRS items "aches and pains", "increased speech flow", increased "agitation" and "less tendency to worrying over trifles" as well as young age remained independently associated with dysthymia. Dysthymia patients, who later committed suicide, more often reported increased "aches and pains" than those who did not commit suicide. In this small sample of suicide attempters, we conclude that dysthymia suicide attempters, more often than MDD patients, have a comorbidity with personality disorders, which combined with a picture of aches and pains, could be factors explaining their suicidality.
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| 50. |
- Holmstrand, C, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors of future suicide in suicide attempters - A comparison between suicides and matched survivors
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 60:2, s. 162-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to find risk factors for suicide by looking for clinical and care/treatment consumption differences between 15 hospitalized suicide attempters, who later committed suicide ("completers''), and 15 suicide attempters who did not ("non-completers''), matched according to sex, age and principal diagnosis. Completers had significantly more often attempted suicide after the index admission. After index, completers had received more psychiatric care and treatment than non-completers. Comorbidity was common in both groups of patients. Personality disorders according to the DSM III-R, axis II, Cluster B, however, tended to be more common in the completer group. Increased comorbidity over time could also be seen to a larger extent in completers. In spite of the matching of principal diagnosis, completers tended to have higher Montgomery -angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scale ratings than non-completers. They also had significantly higher Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS) scores. From this study, it is apparent that suicide attempters at risk of future suicide have major and multiple psychiatric problems, which cause difficulties in the care and treatment.
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