| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Engstrand, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Helicobacter pylori and the gastric microbiota
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1916 .- 1521-6918. ; 27:1, s. 39-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Hermerén, Göran
(författare)
-
Human stem-cell research in gastroenterology: Experimental treatment, tourism and biobanking.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Best Practice and Research in Clinical Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1916 .- 1521-6918. ; 28:2, s. 257-268
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing interest in the possibility of applying stem-cell therapies to gastroenterological diseases is outlined. Some promising results have been reported, but more research is needed in view of the uncertainties and knowledge gaps that still exist. The ethical issues raised by this kind of research are then indicated and classified. Three problematic kinds of situation are outlined: experimental treatments, stem-cell tourism and biobanking. A four-question approach - which is not to be confused with the well-known four-principle approach introduced by Beauchamp and Childress - is described and applied to these three challenging situations. In conclusion, it is pointed out that the analysis of these situations illustrates the interplay between definitions, empirical research and ethics. They are interrelated and need to be integrated.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Pinxten, W., et al.
(författare)
-
Ethical issues raised by whole genome sequencing
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. - : Elsevier BV. ; 28:2, s. 269-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there is ongoing discussion about the details of implementation of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES), there appears to be a consensus amongst geneticists that the widespread use of these approaches is not only inevitable, but will also be beneficial [1]. However, at the present time, we are unable to anticipate the full range of uses, consequences and impact of implementing WGS and WES. Nevertheless, the already known ethical issues, both in research and in clinical practice are diverse and complex and should be addressed properly presently. Herein, we discuss the ethical aspects of WGS and WES by particularly focussing on three overlapping themes: (1) informed consent, (2) data handling, and (3) the return of results.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ronkainen, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidemiology of reflux symptoms and GORD
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1916 .- 1521-6918. ; 27:3, s. 325-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 7. |
- Sifrim, D, et al.
(författare)
-
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1916 .- 1521-6918. ; 24:6, s. 757-758
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 8. |
- Sundin, Anders
(författare)
-
Radiological and nuclear medicine imaging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6918 .- 1532-1916. ; 26:6, s. 803-818
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with very varying clinical expression. A functioning NET, for instance in the pancreas, may be very small and yet give rise to severe endocrine symptoms whereas a patient with a small bowel tumour may present with diffuse symptoms and disseminated disease with a palpable bulky liver. Imaging of NETs is therefore challenging and the imaging needs in the various patients are diverse. The basic modalities for NET imaging are computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with somatostatin receptor imaging (SMI) by scintigraphy with 111In-labelled octreotide (OctreoScan) or more recently by positron emission tomography (PET) with 68Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues. In this review these various morphological and functional imaging modalities and important methodological aspects are described. Imaging requirements for the various types of NETs are discussed and typical image findings are illustrated.
|
|
| 9. |
- Öberg, Kjell
(författare)
-
Biotherapies for GEP-NETs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6918 .- 1532-1916. ; 26:6, s. 833-841
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological treatment for GI neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) includes treatment with somatostatin analogues and alpha interferons. Both of these therapies were developed in the early 1980's and initially for treatment of a carcinoid syndrome in patients with small intestinal NETs. Later on tumour biology studies indicated that well differentiated NETs (G1-tumours) benefit from treatment with somatostatin analogues and alpha interferons. Both agents give symptomatic improvement in patients with functioning tumours in 40-60% of the patients, biochemical responses in 50-70% of the patients and significant tumour shrinkage in 5-10% of the patients. Combination therapy with somatostatin analogues and alpha interferon has demonstrated some clinical benefit. In conclusion: Somatostatin analogues and alpha interferons are still playing an important role and considered to be first-line treatment in functioning and in non-functioning well-differentiated NETs, (G1-tumours) and somatostatin analogues might also be applied to control clinical symptoms in G2-tumours with higher proliferation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Buhmann, H., et al.
(författare)
-
The gut-brain axis in obesity
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Best Practice & Research in Clinical Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6918. ; 28:4, s. 559-571
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently the only effective treatment for morbid obesity with a proven mortality benefit is surgical intervention. The underlying mechanisms of these surgical techniques are unclear, but alterations in circulating gut hormone levels have been demonstrated to be at least one contributing factor. Gut hormones seem to communicate information from the gastrointestinal tract to the regulatory appetite centres within the central nervous system (CNS) via the so-called 'Gut-Brain-Axis'. Such information may be transferred to the CNS either via vagal or non-vagal afferent nerve signalling or directly via blood circulation. Complex neural networks, distributed throughout the forebrain and brainstem, are in control of feeding and energy homoeostasis. This article aims to review how appetite is potentially regulated by these gastrointestinal hormones. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of appetite and weight control may pave the way to develop better surgical techniques and new therapies in the future.
|
|
| 11. |
- Kovatcheva-Datchary, Petia, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutrition, the gut microbiome and the metabolic syndrome
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Best Practice & Research in Clinical Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6918. ; 27:1, s. 59-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic syndrome is a lifestyle disease, determined by the inter-play of genetic and environmental factors. Obesity is a significant risk factor for development of the metabolic syndrome, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and diet. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important contributor to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders, through its interactions with environmental (e.g. diet) and genetic factors. Human and animal studies have shown that alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and shifts in the gut microbiome towards increased energy harvest are associated with an obese phenotype. However, the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota affects host metabolism still need to be defined. In this review we discuss the complexity surrounding the interactions between diet and the gut microbiota, and their connection to obesity. Furthermore, we review the literature on the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the gut microbiota and host metabolism, focussing primarily on their anti-obesity potential.
|
|
