| 1. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-
(författare)
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Establishing credibility : Practising standard-setting ideals in a Swedish seafood-labelling case
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 8:2, s. 135-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Market-based non-state governance arrangements, many examples of which are seen in the environmental field, require the active approval of a broad group of stakeholders. This paper makes the theoretical argument that credibility is a key issue in the establishment of such arrangements, and examines empirically the effort to develop a trustworthy eco-labelling scheme for seafood in Sweden. Many policy actors view eco-labelling as a particularly credible instrument that consumers and businesspeople can use to demonstrate environmentally friendly behaviour. But establishing credibility is complicated, especially if the issues are controversial and if there is mistrust among the groups. This paper analyses the challenges involved in practising six standard-setting ideals, the fulfilment of which is seen to establish credibility: inclusiveness, independence, auditability, scientific validity, global applicability and the balancing of feasibility versus environmental stringency. The ideals are subjects of framing, debating, power struggles and negotiation; and are dependent upon context, situational and historical factors. The assumed positive relationship between ideals and credibility is complicated because of the challenges involved in practising the ideals. This article draws upon the literature on non-state authority, governance and standardization.
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| 2. |
- Hassler, Björn
(författare)
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Environmental Conventions, Pro-active Countries and Unilateral Initiatives : Sweden and the Case of Oil Transportation on the Baltic Sea
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Routledge. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 10:4, s. 339-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine oil transportation in the Baltic Sea has increased significantly during the past decade. This may pose a significant threat to the environment, partly due to the increased risk of accidents and partly because of deliberate flushing of oil tanks at sea and other diffuse emissions. The problem is examined from a Swedish point of view, emphasizing possible ways of reducing environmental risks associated with marine oil transportation in which cooperative solutions will be required to solve current collective action dilemmas. It is argued that since international conventions tend to suffer from lowest-common-denominator (LCD) effects whereby the least interested actors often set the level of ambition, pro-active countries may benefit from adopting dual strategies where unilateral initiatives and convention-based cooperation are made part of an integrated approach. Countries such as Sweden that are especially vulnerable to ecological threats from marine oil transportation may thus have strong incentives to provide targeted support to less exposed countries. It is concluded that unilateral and sub-regional initiatives may serve an important objective in complementing international conventions and thereby reduce negative effects from Lcd outcomes.
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| 3. |
- Hysing, Erik, 1977-
(författare)
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Greening transport : explaining urban transport policy change
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - London : Routledge. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 11:3, s. 243-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport policy has proven highly resistant to change despite growing environmental problems. However, in the Swedish city of Örebro, objectives and policy measures in support of ecological sustainability have successfully been introduced in urban transport policies adopted by the local government. This article explains how this 'greening' became possible. Three variables of change proved highly important to understand policy change in this case: (i) new policy ideas of sustainable transport, (ii) reorganization of the local administration and (iii) the pressure of green policy entrepreneurs. A common denominator behind all these changes was the reformation of urban transport into a political issue through discursive changes and an active involvement by elected politicians, that is, politicization. The continuing importance of politics in contemporary policy processes as complex as transport is an important lesson from this case, that is, politics still matters.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge, power and control : studying environmental regulation in late modernity
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 7:2, s. 89-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the same time as increased demands for standardization and control occur within the environmental field, regulation is being confronted by tendencies towards contextualization and fragmentation. This paper examines the question of how these seemingly opposing tendencies can be understood. The aim of this paper is to develop an approach for the study of risk regulation in contemporary society. Four elements are stressed as vital to consider when approaching environmental regulation: (i) the varying roles of science and expertise in regulation; (ii) the decisive role of intentional actors and regulatory organizations; (iii) the decisive but not exclusive role of the nation-state; and (iv) regulation as a process in which knowledge, risk and public concerns are constructed. In conclusion, the paper states that even if regulation is currently dispersed, the concepts of knowledge, power and control are still central to the study of environmental regulation.
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| 6. |
- Sjölander Lindqvist, Annelie, 1970
(författare)
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Identity, science and politics indivisible: The Swedish wolf controversy deconstructed
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 10:1, s. 71-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although its numbers are steadily increasing, authorities, experts and environmentalists still consider the Scandinavian wolf population to be threatened due to poor pedigree and unlawful killings. An integrated predator policy stipulates that conflicts regarding carnivores must be minimized to assure them continued existence. The recovery of the Scandinavian wolf population has, however, been increasingly contested. While the view that Sweden should take actions to preserve and maintain a wolf population is widely supported by authorities, nature organizations and many members of the public, others disagree, emphasizing that local traditions, values and meanings are being jeopardized as a result of the recovery aims and practices of wolf management. The goal of the central state to work towards the recovery of wolves in Sweden is essentially not a conflict over wolves. Instead, the controversy illustrates how divergent perceptions of the local environment can be understood to constitute inconsistencies regarding how to understand the landscape, and most importantly, what the landscape conveys to people through providing a context for their relationships with 'nature' and with each other. It is in this setting that the recovery of endangered and protected predators unfolds. As will be demonstrated here, central state efforts to achieve an ecosystem that secures the survival of endangered wildlife creates a highly charged political context in which issues of cultural identity, local knowledge and expert science are indivisible.
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| 7. |
- Söderberg, Charlotta, 1978-
(författare)
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'Much ado about nothing?' - energy forest cultivation in Sweden : how intersectoral policy coordination affects outcomes from EPI in multisectoral issues
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 10:4, s. 381-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of environmental issues into sectoral policies is also known asenvironmental policy integration (EPI), a concept that can be described as a process oflearning across frames. The article examines the role of intersectoral policy coordinationfor the outcomes from EPI in multisectoral issues. Through the application of thematicidea analysis, it explores the development of EPI in Swedish policies regarding agriculturalbioenergy production—energy and agricultural policy—with specific focus on energyforest cultivation. Policies in both the sectors are then compared in a discussion of whatrole intersectoral policy coordination plays for the outcomes from EPI in multisectoralissues, exemplified by Swedish energy forest cultivation.
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| 8. |
- Wibeck, Victoria, 1974-
(författare)
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Communicating uncertainty : Models of communication and the role of science in assessing progress towards environmental objectives
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Routledge. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 11:2, s. 87-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an exploratory study analysing the communication models underlying Swedish civil servants' and scientists' views of how to communicate uncertainty related to progress towards public environmental quality objectives. Their lines of reasoning are illustrated by quotations from in-depth and focus group interviews. Two communication models are discussed: the separation model, in which experts discuss uncertainties among themselves and subsequently present a clear-cut message to practitioners and politicians, and the integration model, in which policy makers and civil servants take part in discussions about how to interpret and handle the uncertainties involved. The paper identifies the importance of acknowledging the existence of uncertainty and of consciously reflecting on what communication model to use in communicating goal achievement. It also emphasizes the need for further discussion of the consequences of each communication model. Moreover, the paper highlights a need for further research into the sense-making processes occurring as actors in the policy and practitioner arenas interpret expert messages. Finally, it is argued that the integration model for communicating uncertainties could be used to encourage reflection and learning within and across societal sectors.
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| 9. |
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