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Sökning: L773:1530 437X > (2015-2019)

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1.
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2.
  • Ahmad, Jawad, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Screen Printed Piezoresistive Sensors for Monitoring Pressure Distribution in Wheelchair
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:6, s. 2055-2063
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prolonged sitting inadequacies cause pressure ulcer to many individuals, especially to disadvantaged with reduced mobility. The measurement of distributed pressure and detection of irregular sitting postures is essential for preventing the risk of developing pressure ulcer. In this paper, a pressure sensing system capable of recognizing sitting postures by means of measuring interface pressure through printed pressure sensors is presented. A thin and flexible large area sensor is screen-printed using silver flake and carbon particle inks and comprises 16 sensing elements. For the evaluation of practical usability, the sensor characterization is carried out by conducting stability, repeatability, drift and bending tests. The performance of the sensor is checked under varying environmental conditions. Sitting posture detection accuracy above 80 % is achieved using a classification algorithm for four different sitting postures. Pressure distribution is monitored at a scanning rate of 10 Hz. A low power and small form factor of read-out electronics enables a compact packaging inside the seat cushion. The presented sensor design targets smart wheelchairs, but it is extendable to much larger areas, for example to be used in beds. The proposed sensing system would be of a great assistance for caregivers and health professionals.
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3.
  • Alhashimi, Anas, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Calibrating distance sensors for terrestrial applications without groundtruth information
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 17:12, s. 3698-3709
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper describes a new calibration procedure for distance sensors that does not require independent sources of groundtruth information, i.e., that is not based on comparing the measurements from the uncalibrated sensor against measurements from a precise device assumed as the groundtruth. Alternatively, the procedure assumes that the uncalibrated distance sensor moves in space on a straight line in an environment with fixed targets, so that the intrinsic parameters of the statistical model of the sensor readings are calibrated without requiring tests in controlled environments, but rather in environments where the sensor follows linear movement and objects do not move. The proposed calibration procedure exploits an approximated expectation maximization scheme on top of two ingredients: an heteroscedastic statistical model describing the measurement process, and a simplified dynamical model describing the linear sensor movement. The procedure is designed to be capable of not just estimating the parameters of one generic distance sensor, but rather integrating the most common sensors in robotic applications, such as Lidars, odometers, and sonar rangers and learn the intrinsic parameters of all these sensors simultaneously. Tests in a controlled environment led to a reduction of the mean squared error of the measurements returned by a commercial triangulation Lidar by a factor between 3 and 6, comparable to the efficiency of other state-of-the art groundtruth-based calibration procedures. Adding odometric and ultrasonic information further improved the performance index of the overall distance estimation strategy by a factor of up to 1.2. Tests also show high robustness against violating the linear movements assumption.
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4.
  • Ashraf, Shakeel, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Fabrication and characterization of a SU8-epoxy membrane based thermopile detector with an integrated multilayered absorber structure for the mid-IR region
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:11, s. 4000-4007
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of a thermopile detector with an integrated mid-infrared absorber structure. The fabricated absorber structure has shown an absorption of more than 95% in the wavelength range of 3.2 – 5.47 μm. The detector was fabricated with standard cleanroom process techniques and equipment. The serial resistance was measured at about 315 kΩ at room temperature. The photosensitivity of the detector was characterized for a signle wavelength (4.26 µm) and a band of wavelength ranging from 2.5 –5.5 µm through two different measurement setups. In the first measurement setup, the photosensitivity was estimated at 57.5 V·mm2·W-1 through a MEMS-based infrared radiation source and with an optical band-pass filter of wavelength 4.26µm. The following characterization was performed to characterise the photosensitivity of the detector in a broader wavelength range. This measurement was taken using a monochromator setup utilizing a reference photodetector for calculations of the optical power of the infrared source. The photosensitivity and the specific detectivity (D*) of the fabricated detector were measured to values of 30-92 V·W-1 and 8.0×107-2.4×108 cm·Hz1/2·W-1, respectively, in the wavelength range of 2.8 – 5 µm. The time constant was estimated to around 21 ms
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5.
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6.
  • Brasil, M. A. B., et al. (författare)
  • Performance Comparison of Multi-Agent Middleware Platforms for Wireless Sensor Networks
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - Piscataway, N.J. : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:7, s. 3039-3049
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the numerous possible applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), there is a key disadvantage related to the high complexity in programming WSNs, which is a result of their distributed and built-in features. To overcome this shortcoming, software agents have been identified as a suitable programming paradigm. The agent-based approach commonly uses a middleware for the execution of the software agents. In this regard, the present paper aims at comparing Java-based agent middleware platforms in their performance for the WSN application domain. Experiments were performed to analyze two versions of tracking applications, based on different agent models implemented for a given set of middleware platforms that support programming at a high-level of abstraction. The results highlight the differences in the resource consumption (CPU, memory, and energy) and in the communication overhead, providing an indication of suitability for each type of analyzed middleware, considering specific concerns while developing WSN applications. © 2001-2012 IEEE.
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7.
  • Cai, Haibin, et al. (författare)
  • Sensing-enhanced Therapy System for Assessing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Feasibility Study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:4, s. 1508-1518
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is evident that recently reported robot-assisted therapy systems for assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) lack autonomous interaction abilities and require significant human resources. This paper proposes a sensing system that automatically extracts and fuses sensory features such as body motion features, facial expressions, and gaze features, further assessing the children behaviours by mapping them to therapist-specified behavioural classes. Experimental results show that the developed system has a capability of interpreting characteristic data of children with ASD, thus has the potential to increase the autonomy of robots under the supervision of a therapist and enhance the quality of the digital description of children with ASD. The research outcomes pave the way to a feasible machine-assisted system for their behaviour assessment. IEEE
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8.
  • Cheng, Peng, et al. (författare)
  • Torque Sensor Based on Differential Air Pressure Using Volumetric Strain
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 17:11, s. 3269-3277
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper proposes a torque sensor based on the differential air pressure measurement method using the volumetric strain of a mechanical sensing structure. A model of the measurement system based on the differential air pressure from the volumetric strain of the mechanical sensing structure is proposed and theoretically discussed. The error sources are identified and an error propagation model is presented for the proposed torque measurement method. Considering these error sources, a prototype torque sensor is presented as a case study for the method verification. Both the mechanical and readout electronics designs are discussed and analyzed. The mechanical sensitivity, resolution, and maximum stresses are analyzed using finite-element modeling. Based on the results from the simulation, a prototype torque sensor is manufactured and experimentally verified using a readout electronics design. For verification, the sensor prototype is measured under static torque to have a sensitivity of 0.04272V/N. m and a range of +/- 117N . m. Compared with the nominal mechanical sensitivity result from the FEM simulation, this measured sensitivity has a difference less than 6%. The noise analysis of the designed readout electronics shows that the resolution of 0.006% can be achieved with this design. Furthermore, hysteresis analysis shows an error of 0.012% of full scale. From these results, it is also shown that the actual performance of the sensor is mainly limited by the differential pressure sensor and the readout electronics design and is not by the mechanical design of the sensor.
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9.
  • Farag, Hossam, et al. (författare)
  • A Delay-Bounded MAC Protocol for Mission- and Time-Critical Applications in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:6, s. 2607-2616
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) designedfor mission- and time-critical applications require timelyand deterministic data delivery within stringent deadline bounds.Exceeding delay limits for such applications can lead to system malfunction or ultimately dangerous situations that can threaten human safety. In this paper, we propose SS-MAC, an efficient slot stealing MAC protocol to guarantee predictable and timely channel access for time-critical data in IWSNs. In the proposed SS-MAC, aperiodic time-critical traffic opportunistically steals time slots assigned to periodic non-critical traffic. Additionally, a dynamic deadline-based scheduling is introduced to provide guaranteed channel access in emergency and event-based situations where multiple sensor nodes are triggered simultaneously to transmit time-critical data to the controller. The proposed protocol is evaluated mathematically to provide the worst-case delay bound for the time-critical traffic. Performance comparisons are carried out between the proposed SS-MAC and WirelessHARTstandard and they show that, for the time-critical traffic, theproposed SS-MAC can achieve, at least, a reduction of almost 30% in the worst-case delay with a significant channel utilization efficiency.
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10.
  • Farag, Hossam, et al. (författare)
  • Priority-Aware Wireless Fieldbus Protocol for Mixed-Criticality Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:7, s. 2767-2780
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial wireless sensor networks are becoming popular for critical monitoring and control applications in industrial automation systems. For such type of applications, providing reliable real-time performance regarding data delivery is considered as a fundamental challenge. The problem becomes more prominent with mixed-criticality systems, where different data flow with different levels of criticality (importance) coexist and characterized by different requirements regarding delay and reliability. In this paper, we propose a wireless fieldbus protocol to enable real-time communication and service differentiation for cluster-based mixed-criticality networks. A process monitoring scenario of plastic extrusion is used to define the protocol requirements and elaborate the working principle of the proposed work. In our proposed protocol, each data flow is scheduled for channel access based on its criticality level using a distributed prioritized medium access mechanism that ensures a guaranteed channel access for the most critical traffic over other traffic types. The performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed analytically using a discrete-time Markov chain model to evaluate the performance in terms of delay and throughput. Moreover, the extensive simulations are conducted to prove the analytical claims and different performance assessments are provided, which also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared with the related existing work.
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11.
  • Feng, Yi, et al. (författare)
  • Low Cost Printed Chipless RFID Humidity Sensor Tag for Intelligent Packaging
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 15:6, s. 3201-3208
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a fully-printed chipless radio frequency identification sensor tag for short-range item identification and humidity monitoring applications. The tag consists of two planar inductor-capacitor resonators operating wirelessly through inductive coupling. One resonator is used to encode ID data based on frequency spectrum signature, and another one works as a humidity sensor, utilizing a paper substrate as a sensing material. The sensing performances of three paper substrates, including commercial packaging paper, are investigated. The use of paper provides excellent sensitivity and reasonable response time to humidity. The cheap and robust packaging paper, particularly, exhibits the largest sensitivity over the relative humidity range from 20% to 70%, which offers the possibility of directly printing the sensor tag on traditional packages to make the package intelligent at ultralow cost.
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12.
  • Guntupalli, Lakshmikanth, et al. (författare)
  • Energy Efficient Consecutive Packet Transmissions in Receiver-initiated Wake-up Radio Enabled WSNs
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:11, s. 4733-4745
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In wake-up radio (WuR)-enabled wireless sensor networks, data communication among nodes is triggered in an on-demand manner, by either a sender or a receiver. For receiver-initiated WuR (RI-WuR), a~receiving node wakes up sending nodes through a wake-up call. Correspondingly sending nodes transmit packets in a traditional way by competing with one another multiple times in a single operational cycle. In~this paper, we propose a receiver-initiated consecutive packet transmission WuR (RI-CPT-WuR) medium access control (MAC) protocol, which eliminates multiple competitions to achieve higher energy efficiency. Furthermore, we develop two associated discrete time Markov chains (DTMCs) for evaluating the performance of RI-CPT-WuR and an existing RI-WuR MAC protocol. Using the solutions from the DTMC models, closed-form expressions for network throughput, average delay, packet reliability ratio, energy consumption and lifetime, and energy efficiency for both protocols are obtained. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the RI-CPT-WuR protocol.
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13.
  • Haseeb, Mohamed Abudulaziz Ali, et al. (författare)
  • Wisture : Touch-Less Hand Gesture Classification in Unmodified Smartphones Using Wi-Fi Signals
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:1, s. 257-267
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper introduces Wisture, a new online machine learning solution for recognizing touch-less hand gestures on a smartphone (mobile device). Wisture relies on the standard Wi-Fi received signal strength measurements, long short-term memory recurrent neural network (RNN) learning method, thresholding filters, and a traffic induction approach. Unlike other Wi-Fi-based gesture recognition methods, the proposed method does not require a modification of the device hardware or the operating system and performs the gesture recognition without interfering with the normal operation of other smartphone applications. We discuss the characteristics of Wisture and conduct extensive experiments to compare the performance of the RNN learning method against the state-of the-art machine learning solutions regarding both accuracy and efficiency. The experiments include a set of different scenarios with a change in spatial setup and network traffic between the smartphone and Wi-Fi access points. The results show that Wisture achieves an online gesture recognition accuracy of up to 93% (average 78%) in detecting and classifying three gestures.
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14.
  • Hassanli, Kourosh, et al. (författare)
  • High Resolution Digital Imager Based on Time Multiplexing Algorithm
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 17:9, s. 2831-2840
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, a new high-resolution digital imager based on a time multiplexing scheme is proposed. The imager produces a 256-grayscale image through capturing 256 successive frames that each belongs to a specific luminance range. Each pixel includes a 1-b analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a single bit static memory to improve the fill factor. The in-pixel ADC is designed as a compact and fast converter to achieve a high-resolution and video-rate image sensor. The proposed sensor is designed and implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS technology. The imager achieves an overall dynamic range of over 140 dB at video rate imaging. The pixel pitch is 18.3 mu m and the fill factor is about 48%. The circuit operates at a supply voltage as low as 800 mV. At this supply voltage and at video rate imaging, its power consumption is about 4.33 nW. The proposed imager can directly perform some pre-processing algorithms, such as image segmentation and binarization. Additionally, the proposed method transfers the memory and process units of the pixels to the external of the sensor array so it provides a suitable structure for designing high-resolution, wide dynamic range, and fast general-purpose image sensors.
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15.
  • Hinnemo, Malkolm, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Protein sensing beyond the Debye Length Using Graphene Field-effect Transistors
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:16, s. 6497-6503
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sensing biomolecules in electrolytes of high ionic strength has been a difficult challenge for field-effect transistor-based sensors. Here, we present a graphene-based transistor sensor that is capable of detection of antibodies against protein p53 in electrolytes of physiological ionic strength without dilution. As these molecules are much larger than the Debye screening length at physiological ionic strengths, this paper proves the concept of detection beyond the Debye length. The measured signal associated with the expected specific binding of the antibodies to p53 is concluded to result from resistance changes at the graphene-electrolyte interface, since a sensor responding to resistance changes rather than charge variations is not limited by Debye screening. The conclusion with changes in interface resistance as the underlying phenomena that lead to the observed signal is validated by impedance spectroscopy, which indeed shows an increase of the total impedance in proportion to the amounts of bound antibodies. This finding opens up a new route for electrical detection of large-size and even neutral biomolecules for biomedical detection applications with miniaturized sensors.
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16.
  • Hostettler, Roland, et al. (författare)
  • Joint Vehicle Trajectory and Model Parameter Estimation using Road Side Sensors
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 15:9, s. 5075-5086
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article shows how a particle smoother based system identification method can be applied for estimating the trajectory of road vehicles. As sensors, a combination of an accelerometer measuring the road surface vibrations and a magnetometer measuring magnetic disturbances mounted on the side of the road are considered. First, sensor models describing the measurements of the two sensors are introduced. It is shown that these depend on unknown, static parameters that have to be considered in the estimation. Second, the sensor models are combined with a two-dimensional constant velocity motion model. Third, the system identification algorithm is introduced which iteratively runs a Rao-Blackwellized particle smoother to estimate the vehicle trajectory followed by an expectation-maximization step to estimate the parameters. Finally, the method is applied to both simulation and measurement data. It is found that the method works well in general and some issues when real data is considered are identified as future work.
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17.
  • Javed, Nimra, et al. (författare)
  • Directly Printable Moisture Sensor Tag for Intelligent Packaging
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:16, s. 6147-6148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A compact, flexible 24-b dual-polarized chip-less radio frequency identification tag with a size of 20.6mm x 19.9mm is realized. The tag structure is optimized and analyzed for Taconic, Kapton HN and organic substrate. The prototype fabricated on HP photopaper with silver nanoparticles-based conductive ink is exhibiting a behavior of moisture sensor. The proposed moisture sensor tag has a bandwidth of 13.5GHz. The direct printability of moisture sensor tag makes it suitable for intelligent packaging and various low-cost applications.
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18.
  • Jonsson, Patrik, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Road surface status classification using spectral analysis of NIR camera images
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 15:3, s. 1641-1656
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a need for an automated road status classification system considering the vast number of weather-related accidents that occur every winter. Previous research has shown that it is possible to detect hazardous road conditions, including, for example, icy pavements, using single point infrared illumination and infrared detectors. In this paper, we extend this research into camera surveillance of a road section allowing for classification of area segments of weather-related road surface conditions such as wet, snow covered, or icy. Infrared images have been obtained using an infrared camera equipped with a set of optical wavelength filters. The images have primarily been used to develop multivariate data models and also for the classification of road conditions in each pixel. This system is a vast improvement on existing single spot road status classification systems. The resulting imaging system can reliably distinguish between dry, wet, icy, or snow covered sections on road surfaces.
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19.
  • Kaushik, K., et al. (författare)
  • Low-cost wake-up receiver for RF energy harvesting wireless sensor networks
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:16, s. 6270-6278
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The existing passive wake-up receivers (WuRxs) are radio frequency identification (RFID) tag based, which incur high cost and complexity. In this paper, we study cost-effective and long-range WuRx solutions for range-based wake-up (RW) as well as directed wake-up (DW). In particular, we consider the case of an RF energy harvesting wireless sensor node and investigate how a low-cost WuRx can be built using an RF energy harvester available at the node. Experimental results show that our developed prototype can achieve a wake-up range of 1.16 m with +13 dBm transmit power. Furthermore, our empirical study shows that at +30 dBm transmit power the wake-up distance of our developed RW module is >9 m. High accuracy of DW is demonstrated by sending a 5-bit ID from a transmitter at a bit rate up to 33.33 kbps. Finally, we present optimized WuRx designs for RW and DW using Agilent advanced design system, which offer up to 5.69 times higher wake-up range for RW and energy savings per bit of about 0.41 mJ and 21.40 nJ, respectively, at the transmitter and the sensor node in DW.
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20.
  • Kok, Manon, et al. (författare)
  • Magnetometer calibration using inertial sensors
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:14, s. 5679-5689
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work we present a practical calibration algorithm that calibrates a magnetometer using inertial sensors. The calibration corrects for magnetometer sensor errors, for the presence of magnetic disturbances and for misalignment between the magnetometer and the inertial sensor axes. It is based on a maximum likelihood formulation and is formulated as an offline method. It is shown to give good results using data from two different commercially available sensor units. Using the calibrated magnetometer measurements in combination with the inertial sensors to determine orientation, is shown to lead to significantly improved heading estimates.
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21.
  • Kumar, Pardeep, et al. (författare)
  • Access Control Protocol With Node Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:22, s. 8142-8150
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For preventing malicious nodes joining wireless sensor networks (WSNs), an access control mechanism is necessary for the trustworthy cooperation between the nodes. In addition to access control, recently, privacy has been an important topic regarding how to achieve privacy without disclosing the real identity of communicating entities in the WSNs. Based on elliptic curve cryptography, in this paper, we present an access control protocol with node privacy (called ACP) for the WSN. The proposed scheme not only accomplishes the node authentication but also provides the identity privacy (i.e., source to destination and vice-versa) for the communicating entities. Compared with the current state of the art, the proposed solution can defend actively against attacks. The efficacy and the efficiency of the proposed ACP are confirmed through the test bed analysis and performance evaluations.
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22.
  • Liu, Wi, et al. (författare)
  • Improving positioning accuracy of the mobile laser scanning in GPS-denied environments : An experimental case study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:22, s. 10753-10763
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The positioning accuracy of the mobile laser scanning (MLS) system can reach the level of centimeter under the conditions where GPS works normally. However, in GPS-denied environments this accuracy can be reduced to the decimeter or even the meter level because the observation mode errors and the boresight alignment errors of MLS cannot be calibrated or corrected by the GPS signal. To bridge this research gap, this paper proposes a novel technique that appropriately incorporates the robust weight total least squares (RWTLS) and the full information maximum likelihood optimal estimation (FIMLOE) to improve the positioning accuracy of the MLS system under GPS-denied environment. First of all, the coordinate transformation relationship and the observation parameters vector of MLS system are established. Secondly, the RWTLS algorithm is used to correct the 3D point observation model; then the uncertainty propagation parameter vector and the boresight alignment errors between the laser scanner frame and the IMU frame are calibrated by FIMLOE. Lastly, experimental investigation in indoor scenarios was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to significantly improve the positioning accuracy of an MLS system in GPS-denied environments.
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23.
  • Ma, Xinyu, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of Indoor Light Conditions by Light Source Classification
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 17:12, s. 3884-3891
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The characterization of light conditions plays an important role in the estimation of available energy levels to ambient light energy harvesting systems. Indoor light conditions are commonly described by illuminance levels. The same illuminance levels, however, can be generated by different light source types, which radiate different spectral components. This means that based on their spectral response, solar panels can produce different output powers even though identical illuminance levels are observed. We propose a method to distinguish these conditions based on limited spectral information. Using low-cost sensors, spectral characteristics of the light condition can be acquired and used to classify the underlying light source type, which allows for a more accurate estimation of the solar panel response. The method was evaluated experimentally for a number of common indoor light sources and under different conditions. Evaluation results have shown that the method can be used to distinguish the light sources under test with very high classification accuracy. Moreover, the method can be used accurately in situations with limited interference. This makes it a low-cost alternative to the characterization of light conditions using spectrometers, the use of which is infeasible in spatially distributed characterization applications.
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24.
  • Mazloum, Nafiseh Seyed, et al. (författare)
  • Improving practical sensitivity of energy optimized wake-up receivers : Proof of concept in 65nm CMOS
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X. ; PP:99, s. 8158-8166
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a high performance low-power digital base-band architecture, specially designed for an energy optimized duty-cycled wake-up receiver scheme. Based on a careful wake-up beacon design, a structured wake-up beacon detection technique leads to an architecture that compensates for the implementation loss of a low-power wake-up receiver front-end at low energy and area costs. Design parameters are selected by energy optimization and the architecture is easily scalable to support various network sizes. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS, the digital base-band consumes 0:9μW (VDD = 0:37V) in sub-threshold operation at 250kbps, with appropriate 97% wake-up beacon detection and 0:04% false alarm probabilities. The circuit is fully functional at a minimum VDD of 0:23V at fmax = 5kHz and 0:018μW power consumption. Based on these results we show that our digital base-band can be used as a companion to compensate for front-end implementation losses resulting from the limited wake-up receiver power budget at a negligible cost. This implies an improvement of the practical sensitivity of the wake-up receiver, compared to what is traditionally reported.
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25.
  • Ottosson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • UWB Radio Measurement and Time-Domain Analysis of Anisotropy in Wood Chips
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:22, s. 9112-9119
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio transmission measurements have been used to determine the moisture content of wood chips using a time domain technique. Wood chips have been found to have birefringent dielectric properties acting as an anisotropic dielectric effective medium. Birefringence in wood chips occurs because of the orientation and the shape of wood chips, and microscopic structures of these objects, like wood fibers. The birefringence gives rise to two different wavefronts along the principal axes that have different dielectric properties. Each wavefront has a specific time-domain signal, that can be used to determine the moisture content. In industrial applications, for example in measurement on wood chips in trucks, the vertical polarization direction is the preferable polarization because this signal has higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which makes the signal more identifiable at longer distance (2-3 m). Thus, UWB radio transmission measurement and time-domain analysis is a robust technology to investigate larger containers of wood chips and to determine the moisture content with high accuracy.
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26.
  • Rabih, A. A. S., et al. (författare)
  • MEMS-Based Acetone Vapor Sensor for Non-Invasive Screening of Diabetes
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:23, s. 9486-9500
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Acetone vapor sensing is important for environmental monitoring and non-invasive screening of diabetes mellitus (DM). Inhaling higher than 176 parts per million (ppm) acetone concentrations affects the respiratory system, while acetone in exhaled breath correlates with blood glucose and exhaling more than 1.8 ppm indicates the person is in danger of DM. DM is currently diagnosed invasively by measuring glucose level in blood, which is painful, and therefore inconvenient. This paper reports MEMS sensor device functionalized with blend of Chitosan/Polyethylene glycol polymers for acetone vapor sensing for possible non-invasive screening of diabetes. The sensor was experimentally tested using synthetic acetone vapor, and found to give linear response for 0.05-5 ppm acetone in air, with a sensitivity of 21 mV/ppm, good repeatability, response, and reversibility. Cross-sensitivity for 2-propanol and methanol was examined, where the responses of the sensor to 1 ppm concentration in air of these two analytes were found to be 24% and 33%, respectively, less compared to its response to the same concentration of acetone.
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27.
  • Rydblom, Staffan, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Liquid Water Content and Droplet Sizing Shadowgraph Measuring System for Wind Turbine Icing Detection
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE Sensors Council. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:8, s. 2714-2725
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study shows that the liquid water content (LWC) and the median volume diameter (MVD) can be derived from images of water droplets using a shadowgraph imaging system with incoherent LED illumination.Icing on structures such as a wind turbine is the result of a combination of LWC and MVD and other parameters like temperature, humidity and wind speed. Today, LWC and MVD are not commonly measured for wind turbines. Systems for measuring these properties are often expensive or impractical in terms of location or remote reading. The aim of this study is to gain knowledge about how to design a single instrument based on imaging that has the ability to measure these properties with enough precision and accuracy to detect icing conditions for wind turbines.A method to calculate both the LWC and the MVD from the same images is described in this paper. The size of one droplet is determined by measuring the shadow created by the droplet in background illumination. The concentration is calculated by counting the measured droplets and estimating the volumes in which these droplets can be observed.In the described study, the observation volume is shown to be dependent on the particle size and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for each measured particle. An expected coefficient of variation of the LWC depending on the droplet size is shown to be 2.4 percent for droplets 10 µm in diameter and 1.6 percent for 25 µm droplets. This is based on an error estimation of the laboratory measurements calibrated using a micrometer dot scale.
  •  
28.
  • Saini, Apurve, et al. (författare)
  • Electrical Sensing in a Magnetic Liquid
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:16, s. 6948-6955
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have investigated the electrical current transmission characteristics of a magnetic field controlled self-assembled percolated structure of conducting colloid particles. The colloidal liquid contains conducting magnetic and non-magnetic microbeads suspended in an oil-based ferrofluid. The applied in-plane magnetic field is able to precisely control the current transmission. Optical transmission microscopy reveals the local ordering in the liquid with the microparticles forming percolating chains through which the current is transmitted.
  •  
29.
  • Sakai, Kazuya, et al. (författare)
  • A Framework for the Optimal k-Coverage Deployment Patterns of Wireless Sensors
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 15:12, s. 7273-7283
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The strategy for node deployment to achieve multiple connectivity and coverage plays an important role in various wireless senor network applications. To alleviate the operational cost, the number of nodes to be deployed needs to be reduced. While the optimal k-connectivity deployment patterns (k <= 6) and the multiple k-coverage problem (k <= 3) have been extensively studied for 2-D networks, a general method to identify the optimal deployment pattern for any given sensor coverage requirement has yet to be found. Considering the ease of sensor deployment and operation, the deployment patterns should be identical and symmetric in the deployment region. This implies that the Voronoi diagram of the optimal deployment is a regular tessellation. Based on the fact that there exist only three regular tessellations, we propose a framework, namely, range elimination scheme (RES), to compute the optimal k-coverage deployment pattern for any given k value to accommodate various wireless sensor application requirements. We apply RES to show the optimal k-coverage deployment patterns for 4 <= k <= 9. Our analytical and simulation results show that our proposed framework successfully identifies the optimal deployment patterns and significantly reduces the number of sensors to be deployed
  •  
30.
  • Sarkar, Chayan, et al. (författare)
  • VSF: An Energy-Efficient Sensing Framework Using Virtual Sensors
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:12, s. 5046-5059
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we describe virtual sensing framework (VSF), which reduces sensing and data transmission activities of nodes in a sensor network without compromising on either the sensing interval or data quality. VSF creates virtual sensors (VSs) at the sink to exploit the temporal and spatial correlations amongst sensed data. Using an adaptive model at every sensing iteration, the VSs can predict multiple consecutive sensed data for all the nodes with the help of sensed data from a few active nodes. We show that even when the sensed data represent different physical parameters (e.g., temperature and humidity), our proposed technique still works making it independent of physical parameter sensed. Applying our technique can substantially reduce data communication among the nodes leading to reduced energy consumption per node yet maintaining high accuracy of the sensed data. In particular, using VSF on the temperature data from IntelLab and GreenOrb data set, we have reduced the total data traffic within the network up to 98% and 79%, respectively. Corresponding average root mean squared error of the predicted data per node is as low as 0.36 degrees C and 0.71 degrees C, respectively. This paper is expected to support deployment of many sensors as part of Internet of Things in large scales.
  •  
31.
  • Shamu, John, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of acoustic beam propagation through high-grade stainless steel pipes for improved pulsed ultrasound velocimetry measurements in complex industrial fluids
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - New Jersey. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:14, s. 5636-5647
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The newly developed Flow-Viz rheometric system is capable of performing detailed non-invasive velocimetry measurements through industrial stainless steel pipes. However, in order to improve the current design for non-invasive measurements in industrial fluids, pulsed ultrasound sensors need to be acoustically characterized. In this paper, acoustic characterization tests were carried out, with the aim of measuring the ultrasound beam propagation through stainless steel (SS316L) pipes and into water. For these tests, a high-precision robotic XYZ-scanner and needle hydrophone setup was used. Several ultrasound sensor configurations were mounted onto stainless steel pipes, while using different coupling media between the transducer-to-wedge and sensor wedge-to-pipe boundaries. The ultrasound beam propagation after the wall interface was measured by using a planar measuring technique along the beam's focal axis. By using this technique, the output for each test was a 2-D acoustic color map detailing the acoustic intensity of the ultrasound beam. Measured beam properties depicted critical parameters, such as the start distance of the focal zone, focal zone length, Doppler angle, and peak energy within the focal zone. Variations in the measured beam properties were highly dependent on the acoustic couplants used at the different interfaces within the sensor unit. Complete non-invasive Doppler ultrasound sensor technology was for the first time acoustically characterized through industrial grade stainless steel. This information will now be used to further optimize the non-invasive technology for advanced industrial applications.
  •  
32.
  • Skog, Isaac, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • A Smart Sensor Node for the Internet-of-Elevators-Non-Invasive Condition and Fault Monitoring
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 17:16, s. 5198-5208
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The signal processing scheme of a smart sensor node for the Internet-of-Elevators is presented. The sensor node is a self-contained black box unit only requiring power to be supplied, which enables a cost efficient way to modernize existing elevator systems in terms of condition monitoring capabilities. The sensor node monitors the position of the elevator using an inertial navigation system in conjugation with a simultaneous localization and mapping framework. Features reflecting the elevator system's operation and health condition are calculated by evaluating the ride quality parameters defined by the ISO 18738-1 standards, the vibration versus frequency spectrum, and the vibration versus position spectrum. Abnormal stops are identified by detecting decelerations that deviate from the typical deceleration pattern of the elevator or when the stopping position of the elevator does not match the learned floor levels. Furthermore, the condition of the door system is monitored by tracking the magnetic field variations that the motion of the doors creates; the number of door openings and the time required for the doors to close are estimated. The capability and performance of the blacksignal processing scheme are illustrated through a series of experiments. The experiments show, inter alia, that using low-cost sensors similar to those in a smartphone, the position of the elevator car can, with 99.9% probability, be estimated with an error of less than 1 m for travels up to 43 s long. The experiments also indicate that small degradations in the doors' closing time can be detected from the magnetic field measurements.
  •  
33.
  • Sodhro, Ali Hassan, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • A Joint Transmission Power Control and Duty-Cycle Approach for Smart Healthcare System
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:19, s. 8479-8486
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Emerging revolution in the healthcare has caught the attention of both the industry and academia due to the rapid proliferation in the wearable devices and innovative techniques. In the mean-time, Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) have become the potential candidate in transforming the entire landscape of the medical world. However, large battery lifetime and less power drain are very vital for these resource-constrained sensor devices while collecting the bio-signals. Hence, minimizing their charge and energy depletions are still very challenging tasks. It is examined through large real-time data sets that due to the dynamic nature of the wireless channel, the traditional predictive transmission power control (PTPC) and a constant transmission power techniques are no more supportive and potential candidates for BSNs. Thus this paper first, proposes a novel joint transmission power control (TPC) and duty-cycle adaptation based framework for pervasive healthcare. Second, adaptive energy-efficient transmission power control (AETPC) algorithm is developed by adapting the temporal variation in the on-body wireless channel amid static (i.e., standing and walking at a constant speed) and dynamic (i.e., running) body postures. Third, a Feedback Control-based duty-cycle algorithm is proposed for adjusting the execution period of tasks (i.e., sensing and transmission). Fourth, system-level battery and energy harvesting models are proposed for body sensor nodes by examining the energy depletion of sensing and transmission tasks. It is validated through Monte Carlo experimental analysis that proposed algorithm saves more energy of 11.5% with reasonable packet loss ratio (PLR) by adjusting both transmission power and duty-cycle unlike the conventional constant TPC and PTPC methods.
  •  
34.
  • Sturesson, Peter, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Ceramic Pressure Sensor for High Temperatures – Investigation of the Effect of Metallizationon on Read Range
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 17:8, s. 2411-2421
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A study on the relationship between circuit metallization, made by double-layer screen printing of platinum and electroplating of silver on top of platinum, and its impact on practical read range of ceramic LC resonators for high-temperature pressure measurements is presented. Also included is the first realization of membranes by draping a graphite insert with ceramic green body sheets. As a quality factor circuit reference, two-port microstrip meander devices were positively evaluated and to study interdiffusion between silver and platinum, test samples were annealed at 500 degrees C, 700 degrees C, and 900 degrees C for 4, 36, 72, and 96 h. The LC resonators were fabricated with both metallization methods, and the practical read range at room temperature was evaluated. Pressure-sensitive membranes were characterized for pressures up to 2.5 bar at room temperature, 500 degrees C and up to 900 degrees C. Samples electroplated with silver exhibited performance equal to or better than double-layer platinum samples for up to 60 h at 500 degrees C, 20 h at 700 degrees C, and for 1 h at 900 degrees C, which was correlated with the degree of interdiffusion as determined from cross-sectional analysis. The LC resonator samples with double-layer platinum exhibited a read range of 61 mm, and the samples with platinum and silver exhibited a read range of 59 mm. The lowest sheet resistance, and, thereby, the highest read range of 86 mm, was obtained with a silver electroplated LC resonator sample after 36 h of annealing at 500 degrees C.
  •  
35.
  • Trawka, Maciej Pawel, et al. (författare)
  • UV-Light-Induced Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing by WO3-Based Gas Sensors
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:13, s. 5152-5159
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • WO3-based gas sensors were investigated under UV-light irradiation and at different working temperatures with the object of achieving superior sensitivity and selectivity. Resistance fluctuations in the WO3 layer were studied together with dc resistance measurements. The data were taken in synthetic air, ethanol, nitrogen dioxide, and mixtures of these gases. We conclude that UV irradiation can easily be applied to enhance the gas sensing properties of a WO3 layer.
  •  
36.
  • Vasiljevic, D.Z., et al. (författare)
  • Performance analysis of flexible ink-jet printed humidity sensors based on graphene oxide
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1558-1748 .- 1530-437X. ; 18:11, s. 4378-4383
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents design, fabrication, and characterization of flexible capacitive graphene oxide (GO) based humidity sensors, which can be used in many applications, such as environmental protection, civil engineering, and agriculture. They consist of interdigitated electrodes ink-jet printed on a polyimide flexible substrate and GO based sensing layer. Measurement setup for testing and characterization was developed in laboratory conditions. The dependence of the capacitance and resistance of the GO based humidity sensors on the percentage of the applied humidity is presented. The main advantage of developed GO based capacitive humidity sensors is very large variation of capacitance, almost five orders of magnitude, compared with the previously demonstrated sensors. The other advantages of the sensors are fast response-recovery time, excellent reproducibility of the measurement results, and use of cost-effective additive ink-jet technology.
  •  
37.
  • Wan, Jiafu, et al. (författare)
  • Software-Defined Industrial Internet of Things in the Context of Industry 4.0
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:20, s. 7373-7380
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, there have been great advances in industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and its related domains, such as industrial wireless networks (IWNs), big data, and cloud computing. These emerging technologies will bring great opportunities for promoting industrial upgrades and even allow the introduction of the fourth industrial revolution, namely, Industry 4.0. In the context of Industry 4.0, all kinds of intelligent equipment (e.g., industrial robots) supported by wired or wireless networks are widely adopted, and both real-time and delayed signals coexist. Therefore, based on the advancement of software-defined networks technology, we propose a new concept for industrial environments by introducing software-defined IIoT in order to make the network more flexible. In this paper, we analyze the IIoT architecture, including physical layer, IWNs, industrial cloud, and smart terminals, and describe the information interaction among different devices. Then, we propose a software-defined IIoT architecture to manage physical devices and provide an interface for information exchange. Subsequently, we discuss the prominent problems and possible solutions for software-defined IIoT. Finally, we select an intelligent manufacturing environment as an assessment test bed, and implement the basic experimental analysis. This paper will open a new research direction of IIoT and accelerate the implementation of Industry 4.0.
  •  
38.
  • Xing, Yuxin, et al. (författare)
  • FireNose on Mobile Robot in Harsh Environments
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:24, s. 12418-12431
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work we present a novel multi-sensor unit, a.k.a. FireNose, to detect and discriminate both known and unknown gases in uncontrolled conditions to aid firefighters under harsh conditions. The unit includes three metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors with CMOS micro heaters, a plasmonic enhanced non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor optimized for the detection of CO2, a commercial temperature humidity sensor, and a flow sensor. We developed custom film coatings for the MOX sensors (SnO2, WO3 and NiO) which greatly improved the gas sensitivity, response time and lifetime of the miniature devices. Our proposed system exhibits promising performance for gas sensing in harsh environments, in terms of power consumption (∼ 35 mW at 350°C per MOX sensor), response time (<10 s), robustness and physical size. The sensing unit was evaluated with plumes of gases in both, a laboratory setup on a gas testing rig and on-board a mobile robot operating indoors. These high sensitivity, high-bandwidth sensors, together with online unsupervised gas discrimination algorithms, are able to detect and generate their spatial distribution maps accordingly. In the robotic experiments, the resulting gas distribution maps corresponded well to the actual location of the sources. Therefore, we verified its ability to differentiate gases and generate gas maps in real-world experiments.
  •  
39.
  • Xu, Ye, et al. (författare)
  • A Survey on Variable Reluctance Energy Harvesters in Low-Speed Rotating Applications
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:8, s. 3426-3435
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Energy harvesting converts ambient energy to electrical energy that can be used to power, for example, sensors and sensor systems. Variable reluctance energy harvesting is a suitable candidate for the conversion of rotary kinetic motion, an energy form commonly found in industrial applications. The implementation of a variable reluctance energy harvester, however, has a significant effect on its performance and is not well studied. In this paper, we therefore conduct a survey on different structures of variable reluctance energy harvesters. Six existing structures, previously used in variable reluctance sensors, are presented and analyzed according to their approaches for magnetic flux change improvement. Together with a newly proposed structure, these structures are evaluated based on a finite element analysis, and their results are compared. It is demonstrated that the choice of structure considerably affects the power output of the harvester and is dependent on the improvement approaches the structure utilizes. The newly proposed structure outperforms all existing structures with respect to power output and power density, which comes at a cost of higher parasitic torque generation. A 53-fold power improvement over the reference and an 1.2-fold power improvement over the next best structure is observed. As a result, applications of variable reluctance energy harvesting become viable even at low angular velocities.
  •  
40.
  • Yusof, H. H. M., et al. (författare)
  • Low-Cost Integrated Zinc Oxide Nanorods Based Humidity Sensors for Arduino Platform
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X. ; 9:7, s. 2442-2449
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Realization of a simple integrated and low-cost intensity modulation/direct detection-based humidity and vapor detection system utilizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods as the active material is demonstrated. The sensing device comprises of ZnO nanorods optimally grown on a glass substrate and mounted on 3D printed platform for the alignment with a green light-emitting diode setup for an edge excitation. An Arduino platform was used for the signal processing of the detection of the transmitted light. Both forward and backward scattering are affected due to light leakage while propagating through the glass substrate which are further attenuated in the presence of humidity. In this paper, backward scattering was found to be dominant, and thus, with increasing humidity, a reduction in the transmitted light was monitored. When the sensor was tested in a humidity controlled environment, it was found that the output voltage drops by approximately 750 mV upon changing the relative humidity (RH) level from 35% to 90% in a non-linear fashion. The average sensitivity of the sensor was observed to be-12 mV/% throughout the tested RH levels. Sensitivity was found to be higher at-24.6 mV/% for RH's beyond 70%. An average response time of 3.8 s was obtained for RH levels of 85% with respect to the standard ambient humidity conditions (RH 50%), which showed a quicker recovery time of 2.2 s. The proposed sensor device provides numerous advantages, including low-cost production, simplicity in design, ease of use, and stability during handling.
  •  
41.
  • Zhang, Weiting, et al. (författare)
  • CarNet : A Dual Correlation Method for Health Perception of Rotating Machinery
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:16, s. 7095-7106
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As a key component of rotating machinery, the health perception of hearings is essential to ensure the safe and reliable operation of industrial equipment. In recent years, research on equipment health perception based on data-driven methods has received extensive attention. Overall, most studies focus on several public datasets to verify the effectiveness of their algorithms. However, the scale of these datasets cannot completely satisfy the representation learning of deep models. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method, called CarNet, to obtain a more robust model and ensure that the model is sufficiently trained on a limited dataset. Specifically, it is composed of a data augmentation method named equitable sliding stride segmentation (ESSS) and a hybrid-stacked deep model (HSDM). The ESSS not only amplifies the scale of the original dataset but also enables newly generated data with both spatial and temporal correlations. The HSDM can, therefore, extract shallow spatial features and deep temporal information from the strongly correlated 2-dimensional (2-D) sensor array using a CNN and a bi-GRU, respectively. Moreover, the integrated attention mechanism contributes to focusing limited resources on informative areas. The effectiveness of CarNet is evaluated on the CWRU dataset, and an optimal diagnostic accuracy of 99.92% is achieved.
  •  
42.
  • Zheng, Tao, et al. (författare)
  • WirArb : A New MAC Protocol for Time Critical Industrial Wireless Sensor Network Applications
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 16:7, s. 2127-2139
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Wireless sensor networks are typically designed for condition monitoring applications and to conserve energy but not for time-critical applications with strict real-time constraints that can be found in the industrial automation and avionics domain. In this paper, we propose a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol defined as wireless arbitration (WirArb) which grants each user channel access based on their different priority levels. The proposed MAC protocol supports multiple users and each user is pre-assigned a specific arbitration frequency which decides the order of channel access. With this mechanism, we can ensure that the user with the highest priority will immediately gain channel access and we can guarantee a deterministic behavior. To evaluate the proposed MAC, we use a discrete-time Markov chain model to mathematically formulate the WirArb protocol. Our results show that the proposed protocol provides high performance to ensure deterministic real-time communication and bandwidth efficiency.
  •  
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