| 1. |
- Akram, Owasim, 1983-
(författare)
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Getting Extreme Poverty Narrated : Methodological Challenges of Interviewing Older Persons
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 20, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interviewing different groups involves different challenges and opportunities. Older persons living in extreme poverty are among those who warrant special methodological considerations. Building on the experiences of life-history interviews with extreme poor older persons in Bangladesh, this article contributes with a methodological reflection on the interview process from the start to the end. The article highlights the key practical, emotional, and ethical concerns that impact the interview process. Adopting an activist approach, it asserts that offering additional power and (or) agency to poor and vulnerable participants yields more benefit to research. The article challenges the traditional consent-seeking process as it remains short of protecting the participants fully. Period of silence appears to be crucial in interviews for which a researcher should devise schemes on how to manage and analyze silence as a non-textual interview content. The paper stresses on the need to frame plans and protocols for the researchers themselves as they can be exposed to mental, physical, or social harm. It recommends reformulation of the idea of accountability toward the research participants in relation to incentivisation, dissemination and reporting back to the community. Understanding all such nuances and careful dealing of micro-ethical aspects are crucial to succeed in an interview. The article can be particularly beneficial for early-stage researchers who conduct interviews with people living in extreme poverty, as it makes them more aware and prepared to deal with the possible challenges inherent in different stages of the interview process.
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| 2. |
- Amsteus, Martin
(författare)
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The Validity of Divergent Grounded Theory Method
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 13, s. 71-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to assess whether divergence of grounded theory method may be considered valid. A review of literature provides a basis for understanding and evaluating grounded theory. The principles and nature of grounded theory are synthesized along with theoretical and practical implications. It is deduced that for a theory to be truly grounded in empirical data, the method resulting in the theory should be the equivalent of pure induction. Therefore, detailed, specified, stepwise a priori procedures may be seen as unbidden or arbitrary. It is concluded that divergent grounded theory can be considered valid. The author argues that securing methodological transparency through the description of the actual principles and procedures employed, as well as tailoring them to the particular circumstances, is more important than adhering to predetermined stepwise procedures. A theoretical foundation is provided from which diverse theoretical developments and methodological procedures may be developed, judged, and refined based on their own merits.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Åsa, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Thinking With New Materialism in Qualitative Case Studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © The Author(s) 2020. In this article, we discuss challenges and implications of thinking with new materialisms and the Deleuzian philosophy of immanence in qualitative case studies. The aim is to establish a terrain and language of “minor case studies.” Deleuze denies two-world ontologies and the ontologically status of single bodies, emphasizing instead how assemblages of human and non-human bodies together produce the world. In this terrain, cases are not objects of inquiry, but life-giving forces that create movement. This in turn changes the premises for how we can approach and explore cases. Rather than represent, comment and explain what cases are, we illustrate how a case-assemblage creates possibilities for event-based thinking regarding interesting phenomena (cases), and how these cases are twisted, stretched and pulled out of a conventional case study design. We conclude by discussing epistemological consequences of new materialist ontology.
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| 4. |
- Asp, Margareta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing concepts in caring science based on a lifeworld perspective
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - 1609-4069. ; 4:2, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concept development is a significant form of inquiry to expand and develop the knowledge base in caring science. The authors´aim in this article is to illuminate the possibility of working with concept development, based on a life world perspective, especially Merleau-Ponty´s philosophy of language, wherein phenomenological, semiological, and pragmatic dimensions are included. the theoretical discussion shows that it is possible to create methodological principles for concept development based on epistemological foundations that are consistent with ontological assumptions in caring science.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Beach, Dennis, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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On Developments in Ethnographic Research: The Case of Two Swedish Universities
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The past 40 years have formed a transitional period in Sweden’s education and political history. The social democratic reforms from the 1940s that aimed to create a centralised, expanded and integrated comprehensive education system came to an end. Decentralisation, neoliberal governance and the introduction of new public management with the creation of private schools and competition have shaped the policy regime since then. Ethnography emerged in Swedish educational research as a significant research methodology during this transitional period. Using a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research dissertations that classified and counted the use of ethnography as either classical (using core references and long-term participation research at one or a limited number of sites), or adapted (used within adaptations to other research methods), the present article explores these developments at two universities. It suggests that Swedish education ethnography has developed along similar kinds of historical trajectories to ethnography in other places, with roots similar to those in other European countries, though also with some variations. For instance, as elsewhere, ethnography needed a breakthrough point in Swedish education research. It got this in the 1980s. However, it quickly became an important part of educational research from the 1990s onwards and a strong quantitative take off early in the new millennium followed. Presently more than half of all PhD dissertations in Education at the two universities have some kind of participant observation, over half of which are also classically ethnographic. This leads us to conclude that education ethnography in Sweden has changed across its period of growth and that though configured in contemporary social science as having originated in anthropology as a methodology that employed long-term embedded participant observation, this does not limit the variations of ethnography’s development or its application.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bolin, Göran, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Conducting Online Focus Group Interviews With Two Generations : Methodological Experiences and Reflections From the Pandemic Context
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, many research projects were forced to adapt their design and conduct interviews online. This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of using online focus groups with participants representing different generations and cultural and social backgrounds. Based on the researchers’ experiences and field notes from a three-country comparative project, aiming at analysing the extent to which previous experience of state surveillance impacted attitudes to commercial monitoring and tracking of online behaviour among two generational cohorts, the paper identifies seven aspects where the move from offline to online interviewing interfered with the original research design. The paper suggests that most of these interferences resulted in a need to adjust the methodology to better fit the online setting. We reflect critically upon the issues of technological preconditions and digital skills, recruitment, group size, degrees of previous acquaintance, the role of the interviewer, participants’ household status and media environment, and ethical considerations concerning privacy and data management. Based on these methodological insights, we conclude that future online focus group research would benefit from using smaller groups and adjusted moderation, flexibility in interviewing tools and channels, and new, online-specific ethical considerations when planning, executing, and analysing interviews. The paper advocates the complementarity between in-person and online focus groups as two modalities of data collection and argues for the normalization of hybrid methods. © The Author(s) 2023.
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| 9. |
- Bryant, Lia, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Gendering of Space by Using Memory Work as a Reflexive Research Methodology
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - 1609-4069. ; 6:3, s. 29-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can memory work be used as a pathway to reflect on the situatedness of the researcher and field of inquiry? The key aim of this article is to contribute to knowledge about the gendering of space developed by feminist geographers by using memory work as a reflexive research method. The authors present a brief review of feminist literature that covers the local, and global, symbolic meanings of spaces and the power relations within which space is experienced. From the literature they interpret themes of the interconnections between space, place, and time; sexualization of public space; and the bodily praxis of using space. Our memories of gendered bodies and landscapes, movement and restricted space, and the disrupting of space allow us to explore conceptualizations within the literature as active, situated, fragmented, and contextualized.
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| 10. |
- Bryant, Lia, et al.
(författare)
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Location and Unlocation : Examining Gender and Telephony through AutoEthnographic Textual and Visual Methods
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 12, s. 403-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on gender and telephony tend to be quantitative and depict the purposes for which women and men use mobile telephones and landlines. Qualitative studies on the topic predominantly rely on face-to-face interviews to examine how telephone use genders space. We suggest these traditional methods of data collection leave unexamined the emotional and social relationships that emerge and are enabled by telephone use which at times reconfigure and gender social spaces. In this article we present a collaborative autoethnographic inquiry based on our own telephone lives. We introduce a reflexive visual and textual methodological design, specifically diary notes, memory work, and photography, developed from our lives as researcher and researched. We examine an important theme in our findings, the physical placement of the telephone and the phone holder’s awareness of the physicality of the telephone, which illustrates the importance of our methodological choices. We show how the placement of the phone by the users both genders space and creates emotional spaces.
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| 11. |
- Brännström, Lotta, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Girls’ Perspectives on Gendered Violence in Rural Sweden : Photovoice as a Method for Increased Knowledge and Social Change
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown for decades that gendered violence against girls and women is a major public health problem with devastating long-term health consequences for individuals and communities alike. Knowledge of gendered violence against girls and young women thus needs to be increased not only in urban, but also in rural areas, and from girls’ own perspectives. Research methods should also be developed that will facilitate the possibility of reaching policy makers, i.e. to reach those with the power to bring about social change. This study had two main goals. The first was to use photovoice as a methodology to gain increased knowledge about gendered violence against girls and young women in rural Sweden, while the second was to discuss the potential of reaching social change through photovoice as well as offer some critique. We worked with 35 adolescent girls enrolled in an upper secondary school in rural Sweden. Six workshops, which focused on (un)safety, different forms of violence, and the consequences of violence, were analyzed with an action-oriented approach and content analysis. The photovoice material also resulted in an exhibition that was used to reach policy makers. The findings show that the girls’ ability to control their own lives was limited and that a number of different situations in their everyday lives were related to a reduced sense of space and reduced sense of agency. The findings also highlight that the girls were constantly sexually harassed online, which created a feeling of being unable to escape. We argue that photovoice is suitable in mediating girls’ perspectives and in engaging and informing key policy makers, although the method alone cannot assure social change.
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| 12. |
- Chakraborty, Proshant, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Using Participatory Learning and Action in a Community-Based Intervention to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls in Mumbai’s Informal Settlements
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © The Author(s) 2020. For over 3 decades, participatory learning and action (PLA) techniques have been prominent in formative and evaluative studies in community-based development programs in the Global South. In this paper, we describe and discuss the use of PLA approaches at the beginning of a community-based program for prevention of violence against women and girls in Mumbai’s urban informal settlements. We adapted six PLA techniques as part of a formative community mobilization and rapid needs assessment exercise, addressing perceptions of violence prevalence, sources of household conflict, experiences of safety and mobility, access to services, preferences for service and support, and visualization of an ideal community free from violence. We describe the collaborative process of developing and implementing PLA techniques and discuss its relevance in generating contextual and grounded understandings of violence as well as in identifying factors which can potentially enable and constrain interventions.
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| 13. |
- Dahlin, Emma
(författare)
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Email Interviews: A Guide to Research Design and Implementation
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As scholars in social sciences and humanities explore new methods for studying increasingly digitized societies, electronic research methods-such as email interviews-have moved from marginal complementary activities to, depending on the purpose of the study, potentially becoming primary methods. However, while there is no lack of discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of such methods, there is little guidance in the literature in terms of how electronic methods can be used effectively and productively in qualitative research. This article adds to the existing body of literature by outlining a strategy for email interviews. The argument of the article is that email interviewing can be fruitfully combined with explorative interviewing, offering the researcher a way to strategically work with the extended time frame that asynchronous interviewing brings with it. This gives the researcher an opportunity to work with open-ended introductory questions, follow-up questions, and cross-fertilization of multiple interviews carried out simultaneously. The article brings forward the argument that a methodological strategy that combines email interviews and explorative interviewing can help the researcher draw the moment of surprise closer together with the moment of analysis and thereby challenge existing theories and knowledge of the study object. The argument is illustrated through examples from an ethnographic study with no in-person elements. Additionally, the article acknowledges that email interviewing is necessary for some significant research tasks and in some cases even a more suitable option than traditional in-person methods due to the studys objective and the nature of its participants.
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| 14. |
- Danielsson, Anna, Professor, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Using Video-Diaries in Educational Research Exploring Identity : Affordances and Constraints
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To use video in educational research has become more and more common in the last few decades, including methodologies where informants themselves use video-cameras for documentation. The purpose of the article is to discuss affordances and constraints of using video-diaries as a data generation method for investigating students' identity constitution. Video-diaries were recorded as part of a larger project, where the empirical data also included observations and videorecordings of teaching and semi-structured interviews. The noninterference of the researchers during the video-diaries was found to be both a strength, in that students more freely could tell their own stories, and a weakness, in that it put high demands on the students' ability to express themselves in monologue format. An important affordance of the video-diaries was that they contributed to a "thick" data set, both in that they informed our individual, semi-structured interviews and allowed us to quickly move on to in-depth conversations, and in that the students were able to utilize artifacts and show environments of importance to them.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Quotations in Qualitative Studies : Reflections on Constituents, Custom, and Purpose
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Qualitative studies are often found to be accompanied by quotations from interviews or similar data sources. As with any methodological tradition, it is essential to critically explore the general principle of including quotations in scientific papers: what is the purpose and justification for including quotations? Are there standards and, in that case, what are they and what are their scientific positioning? This paper presents an overview of the somewhat diverse guidance found in the literature in reference to the representation of quotations. Yet, both students and scholars use a variety of approaches to quote from their data, ranging from presenting numerous, extensive, and/or comprehensive quotations throughout the results section to the reporting of a few particular quotations to illustrate certain aspects of the findings only. While their function may be described, scientific reasoning for using quotations is scarce. Along with an overview of the scientific background and options for including quotations in qualitative studies, we discuss the consequences of the different epistemological and methodological aspects found in the literature. In conclusion, we argue that there are incentives for promoting a more deliberate employment of references from data; deriving from the human sciences tradition, a corresponding epistemological stance would suggest that quotations preferably apply for illustrating the analysis process and/or findings, while the idea that quotations can be employed to validate findings has limited support. Further critical examination of the application of and justification for including quotations in the reporting of qualitative studies is needed among researchers, journal editors and reviewers.
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| 17. |
- Ericson, Mona, 1948-
(författare)
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As in the composition of a fugue : Capturing the flow of strategic business activities
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - 1609-4069. ; 7:2, s. 58-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing inspiration from classical music, this article introduces a musical metaphor - the fugue - to capture a flow of strategic activities, highlighting the motion aspect. This particular metaphor connotes dynamism, constituted in themes, which are repeated, expanded and varied through human voices and their communication. By giving voice to people who share and participate in globalization, internationalization and customization related to the efforts of a company to grow continuously, elevating movements inherent in these activities, a fugue is composed. As argued in the article, there is potential in ‘musicking’ interpretation of human activity. The fugue metaphor could assist our efforts to methodologize strategy process as dynamic multi-direction and multi-voice construct. While directing more attention to a musical, arts-based form of communicating research we could be able to listen more carefully to the moves inherent in a flow of human activity.
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| 18. |
- Friberg, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Taking Policy for Granted in the Context of Scientific Innovation
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this qualitative inquiry is to attempt to elucidate the policy attitude as it appears within the context of scientific innovation. A phenomenological anthropological approach to qualitative inquiry was utilized in order to explicate the human scientific meaning of a specific attitude driven by an interest in a sociocultural context. The policy attitude can be described as an attitude upholding a meaning based upon a collaborative ideal, marked by a hybridization of values and organizations. The policy attitude is thus submissive to political trends and business organizational structures, goals, and objectives. As the world of science becomes an integrated part of the world of policy and industry, it could be argued that policy attitude influences how we perceive knowledge, in which qualitative inquiry in the human sciences is by no means excluded.
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| 19. |
- Goh, Esther Chor Leng, et al.
(författare)
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Doing Ethnographic Research in Chinese Families: Reflections on Methodological Concerns from Two Asian Cities
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - 1609-4069. ; 10:3, s. 265-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares and contrasts the ethnographic practices of two non-native researchers – a Singaporean researcher studying families in mainland China and a Swedish researcher studying Chinese families in Singapore. A novel conceptual frame of ‘radius of observation positions’ has been proposed to explicate the extent of intrusion and intimacy to which researchers may venture in the private family domain. The opportunities and challenges of two positions of observation within this radius are discussed. The choice of position is largely influenced by the interacting forces of the contextual and cultural factors as well as the personhood of the researcher. The authors call for special attention to cultural sensitivity in conducting Chinese family research. Families are embedded in culture, and the possibility of accessing family spaces hinges on one’s awareness of the intricacies of family cultures and realistic assessment of one’s strengths and limitations in handling complex family dynamics.
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| 20. |
- Goldkuhl, Göran, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Adding theoretical grounding to grounded theory : Towards Multi-grounded theory
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 9:2, s. 187-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to challenge some of the cornerstones of the grounded theory approach and propose an extended and alternative approach for data analysis and theory development, which the authors call multi-grounded theory (MGT). A multi-grounded theory is not only empirically grounded; it is also grounded in other ways. Three different grounding processes are acknowledged: theoretical, empirical, and internal grounding. The authors go beyond the pure inductivist approach in GT and add the explicit use of external theories. A working procedure of theory development in MGT is presented, which can be seen as an extension of the grounded theory approach.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Griffin, Gabriele, Prof, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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'Only Applies to Research Conducted in Sweden...' : Dilemmas in Gaining Ethics Approval in Transnational Qualitative Research
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transnational research funders such as the European Commission and NordForsk increasingly require researchers to conduct transnational research. Yet, there is little research on what this means for seeking ethics approval, not least for qualitative researchers. Much work on ethics approval comes from Canada, the United States, and other Anglophone countries, often in a health-related context, and centers on issues between researchers and research ethics boards (REBs), or on inconsistent or inappropriate decision-making by REBs. Ethical conduct within research has, of course, generated a rich literature but not on gaining ethics approval when conducting qualitative transnational research. Rather, the underlying situation usually is that the research is conducted in the same geopolitical space as where the REB is located. Drawing on two cases studies, in which researchers located in one country, Sweden, sought ethics approval to conduct research in other European countries, we explore some of the challenges that we faced in gaining such approval and provide some suggestions how this process might be made both more efficient and more productive for researchers and research funders alike.
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| 24. |
- Griffin, Gabriele, Prof, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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"Only Applies to Research Conducted in Sweden horizontal ellipsis " : Dilemmas in Gaining Ethics Approval in Transnational Qualitative Research
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1609-4069. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transnational research funders such as the European Commission and NordForsk increasingly require researchers to conduct transnational research. Yet, there is little research on what this means for seeking ethics approval, not least for qualitative researchers. Much work on ethics approval comes from Canada, the United States, and other Anglophone countries, often in a health-related context, and centers on issues between researchers and research ethics boards (REBs), or on inconsistent or inappropriate decision-making by REBs. Ethical conduct within research has, of course, generated a rich literature but not on gaining ethics approval when conducting qualitative transnational research. Rather, the underlying situation usually is that the research is conducted in the same geopolitical space as where the REB is located. Drawing on two cases studies, in which researchers located in one country, Sweden, sought ethics approval to conduct research in other European countries, we explore some of the challenges that we faced in gaining such approval and provide some suggestions how this process might be made both more efficient and more productive for researchers and research funders alike.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hort, Sofia, 1984-
(författare)
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Exploring the Use of Mobile Technologies and Process Logs in Writing Research
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present article explores and evaluates a method that makes use of mobile technologies as tools in combination with process logs to study writing (the Mobile Technologies combined with Process Logs (MTPL) method). New and changing ways for doing writing as well as limitations with the methods already in use in writing research grounds for new approaches for studying this practice. This article evaluates how the MTPL method can contribute to writing research as well as what process-oriented knowledge could be gained. Possible risks with using the approach are also outlined. The MTPL method is evaluated in relation to some challenges set up for writing research. The method should be able to capture the in situ participants' view on improvisational times, locations, and activities as well as their view on other people as resources or disturbance. It should also be able to address longitudinal aspects of writing and the material as well as the digital artifact use. The MTPL method is mostly shown to address all of the challenges set up for evaluation. One of the main contributions shown with the method is that it opens up for multimodal reporting in situ, where photos of workplaces in an actual writing process are one such example. There are however some risks, the main one being the uncertain ethical implications of new digital technology. In spite of such risk, the MTPL method is seen as a promising tool that should be used and developed further to gain new insights into writing research.
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| 28. |
- Jansson, Gunilla, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Work-identity in ethnographic research : Developing field roles in a demanding workplace setting
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 12, s. 152-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we problematize our field roles as two linguistic ethnographers who aim to study the communication and documentation practices drawn upon by care workers in elderly care facilities in Sweden. Our field roles are discussed in relation to the complex nature of care workers’ knowledge and competence, which results from three different aspects of their work-identities: institutional, professional, and individual. As researchers, we found ourselves in constant dialogue with the research participants, and our field roles were continuously shaped and reshaped according to the individuals and the situations in which we became involved. Even aspects of our own identities taken into the field, such as our background and personal qualities, proved to be important in establishing good relations with the care staff. Coming closer to the participants’ professional identity proved to be of utmost importance for interpreting their choices and decisions in the workplace. Identity negotiation is discussed here as a constructive way of discussing ethnographic field roles in the research field.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Kaun, Anne
(författare)
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Open-Ended Online Diaries : Capturing Life as It Is Narrated
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - 1609-4069. ; 9:2, s. 133-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weblogs and life journals are popular forms of reflecting and reporting online about one’s everyday life. In this article the author examines whether solicited online diaries can be used in qualitative research. She discusses advantages and disadvantages of the online research, diaries as a source of data, and narration as a method. The discussion is exemplified by the presentation of an online diary study conducted in two parts in the spring and autumn of 2009 with students from Tartu, Narva, and Tallinn, Estonia. This article shows the illuminating potential and richness of solicited online diaries applied in an open-ended, qualitative understanding as a way to investigate everyday life. At the same time, the main challenges are presented and discussed.
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| 32. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-
(författare)
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Open Access and Sensitive Social Sciences Data in Different Legislative Contexts : The Case of Strategic Selection “Elite” Interviewing in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open access has moved from the periphery to the mainstream in the last few years, and most recently there have been calls to make research data “accessible, useable and reusable”. While there are many good arguments for this development, including that it makes the research process more transparent and enables others to re-use the data collected, it also has negative implications for social science research in certain contexts. The case addressed here is “elite” interviewing in the context of conducting research in Sweden. In this case there is already a strong legislative focus on openness with implications for research ethics. This suggests that open data access implementation, particularly in the context of specific legislative frameworks, needs to be reviewed to ascertain ethically correct interviewee and research subject protection in the social sciences.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Makhoul, Jihad, et al.
(författare)
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A Qualitative Multi-Methods Research Protocol : Applied Research Ethics in the Middle East North Africa Region
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In generating new knowledge in all fields related to human subjects research, research ethics is key. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed a remarkable increase in research involving human participants, but robust contextually relevant guidelines and local capacity to guide ethical research are lacking. The research protocol presented and discussed here represents the methodology used to assess the landscape of applied research ethics in the region from the narratives of several constituencies in the research process, namely researchers, research ethics committee chairs and directors of research institutions. The study is a three-year multi-phase, multi-method research which involved a sequence of phases starting with a desk review, writing country reports, focus groups, and in-depth interviews, followed by a regional survey. The lead research team worked with country teams in 6 sites in the MENA region to conduct the empirical research which will be described in detail and reflected on for rigor and challenges.
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| 35. |
- Malmqvist, Johan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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But was it Trustworthy? : Methodological Experiences From a Study of a Hard-to-Reach Group of Students in Need of a Flexible Research Approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pedagogical research on experiences of learning among students with severe speech and physical impairment (SSPI) is sparse. This may be due to a lack of research-on-research methodology literature about students with SSPI, as they are difficult to find and there are barriers to their participation in mainstream research. Hence, method development is especially important regarding these students, who cannot participate when traditional inquiry methods are used. This article's objective is therefore to advance method development by means of a retrospective investigation. The empirical findings consist of documented experiences from a previous study of students with SSPI (henceforth, "literacy study"). A computer-assisted email dialogue technique was developed in the literacy study's pilot study and eventually used in the main study, to investigate the students' experiences of their literacy development. The aim of this study is to retrospectively and critically examine the scientific trustworthiness of a methodological research approach based on an email dialogue technique used exploratively in the literacy study, to investigate the literacy development among the students grounded in their own experiences, and to contribute methodological experiences gained from that study regarding the relationship between the use of verification strategies and checking techniques. The computer-assisted email dialogue approach was necessary because the few participants were spread over great geographical distances. The approach was developed as an explorative and flexible inclusive research design and was used within the tradition of participatory research. The students in both the pilot and main studies (8-16 years of age) were treated as collaborators rather than research subjects. Both the verification strategies and techniques regarding trustworthiness criteria were found to be important for trustworthiness. The main conclusion, based on our experiences in this retrospective investigation, is that it is necessary to continuously and thoroughly focus on trustworthiness issues throughout the research process to obtain trustworthy findings.
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| 36. |
- Malmqvist, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Conducting the Pilot Study : A Neglected Part of the Research Process? Methodological Findings Supporting the Importance of Piloting in Qualitative Research Studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 18, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the development of research to compare the processes and impact of inclusive education in Sweden with results obtained from a study undertaken in Ireland, a pilot study was conducted and documented. The pilot study had three aims: (1) to gather data to provide guidance for a substantive study adapted to Swedish conditions through modification of Irish research procedures and instruments, (2) to critically interrogate how we as researchers could most effectively conduct a pilot study utilizing observational and video-recorded data, and (3) to use the Irish theoretical model as a tool of analysis for studying inclusion in two Swedish schools. Although pilot studies are frequently conducted to assess the efficacy of research instruments for use in qualitative research projects, few publications have drawn upon empirical findings related to such studies. Additionally, while methodological texts recommend the use of pilot studies in qualitative research, there is a lack of reported research focusing on how to conduct such pilot studies. We argue that our methodological findings may contribute to greater awareness of the important role that a pilot study may have for full-scale qualitative research projects, for example, in case study research where semi-structured qualitative interviews are used. This argument is based on the assumption that researchers, and especially novice researchers, having conducted a pilot study will be better informed and prepared to face the challenges that are likely to arise in the substantive study and more confident in the instruments to be used for data collection. A proper analysis of the procedures and results from the pilot study facilitates the identification of weaknesses that may be addressed. A carefully organized and managed pilot study has the potential to increase the quality of the research as results from such studies can inform subsequent parts of the research process.
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| 37. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Dealing with troubled conscience in care of older people with dementia
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19, s. 40-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A feature of healthcare system, particularly in the care of older people, is its cultural diversity in terms of having considerable numbers of both caregivers and care recipients with an immigrant background. Considering the influence of culture in ethical decision-making processes, the idea of conscience, and the adverse effects of a troubled conscience, it is important to study these issues in culturally diverse populations. There are no published studies regarding troubled conscience among immigrant populations that include enrolled nurses. The aim of the study was to illuminate the meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it among enrolled nurses with Iranian backgrounds working in Swedish residential care settings. The study conducted with a phenomenological hermeneutical design. Ten nurses were interviewed. Analysis included noting a naive understanding of text as a whole followed by a structural analysis. Five subthemes and two themes were identified. The meanings of having a troubled conscience include not being a good person, being an uncaring person, not acting according to one’s values, and living in a state of unease. Dealing with a troubled conscience involves trying to compensate for the harm one has caused and trying to prevent similar situations in the future. The nurses understood themselves as caring people and not only caregivers. They knew that they should hear their conscience and respond to it by trying to be a caring person and acting according to their values.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Meaning of conscience for Enrolled nurses with immigrant background in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19, s. 74-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conscience is an important concept in in nursing and ethics, having various meanings in different cultures. In a multicultural society, people with different views on conscience have to cooperate, which demands understanding and respecting each other’s views while facing challenges. A growing number of healthcare professionals are of immigrant background, particularly within the care of older people. In Sweden, 18% of enrolled nurses and nursing assistants are foreign-born. Care for people with dementia who reside in residential care settings in Sweden is mainly provided by ENs. The care of people with dementia requires that care providers take many ethical positions. It is important to explore the meaning of conscience among care providers within different cultural contexts. Our study aimed to illuminate the meaning of conscience by enrolled nurses with an Iranian background working in residential care for Persian-speaking people with dementia. A phenomenological hermeneutical method guided the study. A total of 10 enrolled nurses with Iranian background, aged 33–46 years, participated in the study. All worked full-time in residential care settings for Persian-speaking people with dementia in a large city, in Sweden. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board for ethical vetting of research involving humans. Participants were given verbal and written study information and assured that their participation was voluntary and confidential. Three themes were constructed including perception of conscience, clear conscience grounded in relations, and striving to keep a clear conscience. The conscience was perceived as an inner guide grounded in feelings, which is dynamic and subject to changes throughout life. Having a clear conscience meant being able to form a bond with others, to respect them, and to get their confirmation that one does well. To have a clear conscience demanded listening to the voice of the conscience. The enrolled nurses strived to keep their conscience clear by being generous in helping others, accomplishing daily tasks well and behaving nicely in the hope of being treated the same way one day. Cultural frameworks and the context of practice needed to be considered in interpreting the meaning of conscience and clear conscience.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Older people in disasters
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - 1609-4069. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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The Process of Using Participatory Action Research when Trying out an ICT Solution in Home-Based Rehabilitation
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the process of using PAR and discusses the strengths and challenges of adopting it as a methodology. With a pilot project “the rehabilitation journey†as a showcase, we share experiences of how we co-created knowledge and illustrate the actions taken and participants’ involvement in the process. This pilot project aimed to explore how ICT solutions can create new ways to deliver home-based rehabilitation that meet the needs of the organization, rehabilitation professionals, and older persons. Our experience is that using PAR as a research method had several strengths. Our project stemmed from demographic and epidemiological trends in society viewed as a “real life problem†experienced on different levels in the organization of home-based rehabilitation. At the same time, PAR was a challenging research method to use, as it was time-consuming and required the commitment and contribution over time of the different participants involved. There were also specific challenges that had to be considered regarding routines and regulations, as the pilot project was conducted in a health care context. This article aspires to offer methodological guidelines by using a six-step method to illustrate a PAR process. We propose that these guidelines can act as a tool to guide researchers in carrying out PAR.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Olsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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A Gender Perspective on Sick Leave Among Young Adults - Barriers and Resources for Return to Work as Experienced by Young Employees and Managers: A Protocol for a Qualitative Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: About 20% of the working-age population in the average OECD country is suffering from a mental disorder. The prevalence rates are especially high among young adults and women. Young adults need to deal with challenges connected to growing up and entering the labour market, their young age often leaving them with little experience and a low level of preparedness for failure. Moreover, young women and men are confronted with gender norms and expectations that have been found to affect both sick leave and return to work. While managers have been shown to have a significant impact on the well-being of employees, few studies investigate the experiences of both employees and managers in relation to sick leave and return to work among youth. The aim of this study is to investigate perceived causes of sick leave owing to common mental disorders as well as barriers to and resources for return to work for young employees, from the perspectives of both employees and managers. Furthermore, differences and similarities in the patterns of experiences of women and men will be analyzed. Methods and analysis: This study has a qualitative research design. Data will consist of individual interviews with employees aged 19–29 and managers in female- and male-dominated occupations in a Swedish setting. The participants will be recruited using a purposive sampling strategy. The interviews will be analysed in two steps: firstly, a conventional content analysis will be conducted. Secondly, a gender analysis focusing social relations and gender order will be applied to interpret the data by examining differences and similarities in the patterns of experiences of women and men.
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| 45. |
- Perez, Guillermo Martinez, et al.
(författare)
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Grounded Theory : A Methodology Choice to Investigating Labia Minora Elongation Among Zambians in South Africa
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1609-4069. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study on how Zambian migrants living in Cape Town perceive and experience the implications of labial elongation on women's health was conducted. Labia minora elongation (LME) is a genital modification that some women in east and southern Africa practice. This tradition is not common in Western Cape province (southwestern part of South Africa). The aim of this article is to discuss the methodological choices made in the design and conduct of this study, in which a White European male interviewed the female study participants on the health implications of a practice that is considered a woman's private issue. Constructivist grounded theory informed by a feminist perspective was chosen as the most suitable methodological approach to enable cogeneration of knowledge with the female participants. The methods and tools used by the lead investigator facilitated access to the participants' emic views. Grounded theory methodology holds the potential to be an appropriate methodological approach for researchers who seek to erode the power imbalances influencing research processes that aim to explore the associated meanings and health implications of female genital modifications, such as LME, as narrated by the women who practice them.
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| 46. |
- Rantatalo, Oscar, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Negotiations and Research Bargains : Bending Professional Norms in the Effort to Gain Field Access
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 17:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study provides an autoethnographic account of the efforts to gain field access to a police organization, spanning more than 2 years. The aim is to describe a case of gaining access in relation to the professional norms of science put forward by Robert K. Merton. Aided by an organized record of notes, e-mails, and other written communications regarding access (144 memos of various types), the study describes and discusses the negotiations with Mertonian norms that followed from the dissonance between ideals of research and practical reality. Opening up for further scholarly discussion, this article concludes that Merton’s norms are incongruent with both prevailing guidelines of research ethics and with the practical, short-term problems of access negotiations and research bargains.
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| 47. |
- Rosales, Virginia, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Harnessing Emotions for Embodied Reflexivity in Organizational Ethnography
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Qualitative researchers experience a myriad of emotions during fieldwork. Yet, a reluctance to display and openly discuss emotions in relation to research practice means little insight on how these can inform the research process exists. In this paper, we explore the researcher’s emotions in an organizational ethnography of an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic. We identify three emotional triggers (uncertain field access, disrupted research practices, and researcher exposure) and discuss the researcher’s embodied experiences and reflexive responses. We present four ways in which the researcher’s emotions can be used as a resource for embodied reflexivity: (i) deepening field engagement through a focus on collective experiences, (ii) using the researcher’s agency to refocus data collection and enhance creativity, (iii) merging inward and outward focus to reframe the research project, and (iv) visualizing emotions throughout the research process to avoid mind-body dualisms. This paper joins recent discussions on qualitative methods and reflexivity and answers calls for making the researcher’s field presence visible in qualitative research. We contribute by delineating ways in which emotions, as a resource for embodied reflexivity, can inform qualitative research.
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| 48. |
- Schubring, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Drawing careers: the value of a biographical mapping method in qualitative health research
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069 .- 1609-4069. ; 18, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Narrative interviews are the methodological gold standard for biographical research. To facilitate memory work in interviewees, qualitative researchers increasingly fuse interviewing with visual elicitation strategies. In this article, we advance the integration of methods by introducing a graphic elicitation strategy that allows interviewees to map biographical developments and critical health experiences, in addition to verbalizing them. The biographical mapping approach was originally developed for a research project on adolescents’ health and illness experiences in elite sport but lends itself to qualitative biographical research in general. Using case material, we first demonstrate how the mapping process helps interviewees to recall past episodes and to produce more detailed biographical data. Second, we describe how the depth of focus in the biographical drawing and interview data allows researchers to identify biographical turning points and to analyze interactions between context, life events, and health in a unique way. By visualizing different strands of development, the elicited drawings also hold heuristic value, as they show the nonlinearity and multidimensionality of biographical developments.
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| 49. |
- Schuster, Marja
(författare)
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Hermeneutics as Embodied Existence
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : University of Alberta. - 1609-4069. ; 12, s. 195-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the possibilities and limits of a hermeneutic way of being in the world, more specifically being a researcher as a part of human, embodied existence. Understanding existence as embodied highlights the subjectivity of a researcher. For a hermeneutic researcher this subjectivity is both a precondition for interpretation and something that might endanger the scientific endeavour. In this article, I examine the possibilities of combining Hans-Georg Gadamer’s empathetic hermeneutics with Paul Ricoeur’s critical hermeneutics as a means of both recognizing and, to some extent, controlling my subjectivity in the research process. With Gabriel Marcel I also argue for hermeneutics as an embodied experience. This is exemplified by my study with a focus on the existential dimensions of the nursing profession. The first part of the article introduces Marcel and his philosophical anthropology concerning our bodily existence as essential for shared lives with others. In the second part, this understanding of self and others is further developed by means of the hermeneutics of Gadamer and Ricoeur. In the third part, I present a way of applying hermeneutics in procedures for interviews, transcription, and analysis of data.
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| 50. |
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