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- López-Bao, José Vicente
(författare)
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Using a top predator as a sentinel for environmental contamination with pathogenic bacteria: the Iberian wolf and leptospires
- 2014
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Ingår i: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.. - : FapUNIFESP (SciELO). - 0074-0276 .- 1678-8060. ; 109, s. 1041-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Iberian wolf (Canis lupus) is the top predator in the Iberian environments in which it lives, feeding on a wide range of species, thus encountering a wide range of disease agents. Therefore, the wolf can serve as sentinel of environmental contamination with pathogens. We investigated the exposure of free-living wolves to 14 serovars of Leptospira interrogans sensu lato. Kidney samples from 49 wolves collected from 2010-2013 in northwestern Spain were analysed by culture, direct immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. Tissue fluids were analysed for antibodies by a microscopic agglutination test. Ten wolves (observed prevalence: 20%, 95% confidence interval = 11-33%) showed evidence of contact with leptospires, eight through direct detection and nine through serology (7 wolves were positive according to both techniques). Titres below the cut-off level were also detected in seven cases. Serovars confirmed were Canicola (n = 4), Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 3) and Sejroe, Ballum and Grippotyphosa (n = 1 each), indicating that wolves were infected with serovars for which dogs, rodents and ungulates, are the natural hosts and supporting the utility of the wolf and other large predators as environmental sentinels for pathogens.
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| 2. |
- Massad, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of symptomatic dengue for foreign visitors to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil
- 2014
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Ingår i: Memórias do instituto Oswaldo Cruz. - : FapUNIFESP (SciELO). - 0074-0276 .- 1678-8060. ; 109:3, s. 394-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brazil will host the FIFA World Cup™, the biggest single-event competition in the world, from June 12-July 13 2014 in 12 cities. This event will draw an estimated 600,000 international visitors. Brazil is endemic for dengue. Hence, attendees of the 2014 event are theoretically at risk for dengue. We calculated the risk of dengue acquisition to non-immune international travellers to Brazil, depending on the football match schedules, considering locations and dates of such matches for June and July 2014. We estimated the average per-capita risk and expected number of dengue cases for each host-city and each game schedule chosen based on reported dengue cases to the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the period between 2010-2013. On the average, the expected number of cases among the 600,000 foreigner tourists during the World Cup is 33, varying from 3-59. Such risk estimates will not only benefit individual travellers for adequate pre-travel preparations, but also provide valuable information for public health professionals and policy makers worldwide. Furthermore, estimates of dengue cases in international travellers during the World Cup can help to anticipate the theoretical risk for exportation of dengue into currently non-infected areas.
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| 3. |
- Bonaventure Omondi, Aman
(författare)
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Genetic basis of triatomine behavior: lessons from available insect genomes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.. - : FapUNIFESP (SciELO). - 0074-0276 .- 1678-8060. ; 108, s. 63-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triatomines have been important model organisms for behavioural research. Diverse reports about triatomine host search, pheromone communication in the sexual, shelter and alarm contexts, daily cycles of activity, refuge choice and behavioural plasticity have been published in the last two decades. In recent times, a variety of molecular genetics techniques has allowed researchers to investigate elaborate and complex questions about the genetic bases of the physiology of insects. This, together with the current characterisation of the genome sequence of Rhodnius prolixus allows the resurgence of this excellent insect physiology model in the omics era. In the present revision, we suggest that studying the molecular basis of behaviour and sensory ecology in triatomines will promote a deeper understanding of fundamental aspects of insect and, particularly, vector biology. This will allow uncovering unknown features of essential insect physiology questions for a hemimetabolous model organism, promoting more robust comparative studies of insect sensory function and cognition.
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| 6. |
- Bennett, G. F., et al.
(författare)
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TRYPANOSOMES OF SOME FENNOSCANDIAN BIRDS
- 1994
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Ingår i: Memórias do instituto Oswaldo Cruz. - 0074-0276 .- 1678-8060. ; 89:4, s. 531-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Müller Kratz, Jadel, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-HSV-1 and anti-HIV-1 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. - 1678-8060. ; 103:5, s. 437-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid (GA), also known as gallates, especially propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. The inhibitory effects of GA and 15 gallates on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) replication were investigated here. After a preliminary screening of these compounds, GA and pentyl gallate (PG) seemed to be the most active compounds against HSV-1 replication and their mode of action was characterized through a set of assays, which attempted to localize the step of the viral multiplication cycle where impairment occurred. The detected anti-HSV-1 activity was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment to and penetration into cells, and by virucidal properties. Furthermore, an anti-HIV-1 activity was also found, to different degrees. In summary, our results suggest that both compounds could be regarded as promising candidates for the development of topical anti-HSV-1 agents, and further studies concerning the anti-HIV-1 activity of this group of molecules are merited.
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