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Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Alégroth, Emil, 1984, et al. (författare) Teaching scrum – what we did, what we will do and what impedes us 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319186115 ; 212, s. 361-362 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This paper analyses the way we teach Scrum. We reflect on our intended learning outcomes, which challenges we find in teaching Scrum and which lessons we have learned during the last four years. We also give an outlook on the way we want to introduce and apply Scrum in our teaching and how we intend to improve the curriculum.
2.	Bjarnason, Elizabeth, et al. (författare) An Industrial Case Study on Test Cases as Requirements 2015 Ingår i: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming : 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015, Proceedings - 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319186115 - 9783319186122 ; 212 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract It is a conundrum that agile projects can succeed ‘without requirements’ when weak requirements engineering is a known cause for project failures. While Agile development projects often manage well without extensive requirements documentation, test cases are commonly used as requirements. We have investigated this agile practice at three companies in order to understand how test cases can fill the role of requirements. We performed a case study based on twelve interviews performed in a previous study. The findings include a range of benefits and challenges in using test cases for eliciting, validating, verifying, tracing and managing requirements. In addition, we identified three scenarios for applying the practice, namely as a mature practice, as a de facto practice and as part of an agile transition. The findings provide insights into how the role of requirements may be met in agile development including challenges to consider.
3.	Martini, Antonio, 1982, et al. (författare) Towards introducing agile architecting in large companies: The CAFFEA framework 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Agile Processes in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming 16th International Conference, XP 2015, Helsinki, Finland, May 25-29, 2015. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319186115 ; 212 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract To continuously deliver value both in short-term and long-term, a key goal for large product lines companies is to combine Agile Software Development with the continuous development and management of software architecture. We have conducted interviews involving several roles at 3 sites from 2 large companies employing Agile. We have identified current architect roles and gaps in the practices employed at the organizations. From such investigation, we have developed an organizational framework, CAFFEA, for Agile architecting, including roles, teams and practices.
4.	Fabijan, A., et al. (författare) 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319186115 ; 2012, s. 350-351 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Software development companies experience the road mapping and requirements ranking process to be complex as product management (PdM) strives in getting timely and accurate feedback from the customers. Often, companies have insufficient knowledge about how their products are being used, what features the customers appreciate and which ones will generate revenue. To address this problem, this research aims at helping the companies in closing the ‘open’ feedback loop that exists between PdM and customers. Moreover, the research strives at exploring techniques that can be used to involve customers in continuous validation of software functionality in order to provide PdM with the evidence needed for accurate R&D investments.
5.	Issa Mattos, David, 1990, et al. (författare) Leveraging business transformation with machine learning experiments 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370 LNBIP, s. 183-191 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The deployment of production-quality ML solutions, even for simple applications, requires significant software engineering effort. Often, companies do not fully understand the consequences and the business impact of ML-based systems, prior to the development of these systems. To minimize investment risks while evaluating the potential business impact of an ML system, companies can utilize continuous experimentation techniques. Based on action research, we report on the experience of developing and deploying a business-oriented ML-based dynamic pricing system in collaboration with a home shopping e-commerce company using a continuous experimentation (CE) approach. We identified a set of generic challenges in ML development that we present together with tactics and opportunities.
6.	Andreo, Sebastien, et al. (författare) API management challenges in ecosystems 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370, s. 86-93 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The API has become a cornerstone of software ecosystems, providing ways to drive innovation inside and outside the organization. Because of this criticality, we should manage APIs. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the challenges that organizations evolving into internal ecosystems are facing as they have to deal with APIs. We performed a qualitative research study on three Siemens internal ecosystems with different sizes, technologies, and age. The results reveal that even if we are talking about the API economy, organizations are struggling with different aspects of API management related to Business, Architecture, Process, and Organization. The challenges identified in this paper provide a basis for future research.
7.	Berntsson Svensson, Richard, 1978, et al. (författare) The unfulfilled potential of data-driven decision making in agile software development 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783030190330 ; 355, s. 69-85 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With the general trend towards data-driven decision making (DDDM), organizations are looking for ways to use DDDM to improve their decisions. However, few studies have looked into the practitioners view of DDDM, in particular for agile organizations. In this paper we investigated the experiences of using DDDM, and how data can improve decision making. An emailed questionnaire was sent out to 124 industry practitioners in agile software developing companies, of which 84 answered. The results show that few practitioners indicated a wide-spread use of DDDM in their current decision making practices. The practitioners were more positive to its future use for higher-level and more general decision making, fairly positive to its use for requirements elicitation and prioritization decisions, while being less positive to its future use at the team level. The practitioners do see a lot of potential for DDDM in an agile context; however, currently unfulfilled.
8.	Bosch, Jan, 1967 (författare) From efficiency to effectiveness: Delivering business value through software 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370 LNBIP, s. 3-10 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Connected products and DevOps allow for a fundamentally different way of working in R&D. Rather than focusing on efficiency of teams, often expressed in terms of flow and number of features per sprint, we are now able to focus on the effectiveness of R&D as expressed in the amount of value created per unit of R&D. We have developed several solutions, such as HYPEX, HoliDev and hierarchical value models, but companies still experience challenges. In this paper, we provide an overview of the trends driving the transition to focusing on effectiveness, discuss the challenges that companies experience as well as the requirements for a successful transformation. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.
9.	Chronis, Konstantinos, et al. (författare) Agility Measurements Mismatch: A Validation Study on Three Agile Team Assessments in Software Engineering 2016 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Agile Software Development (XP2016). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319335148 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Many tools have been created for measuring the agility of software teams, thus creating a saturation in the field. Three agile measurement tools were selected in order to validate whether they yield similar results. The surveys of the tools were given to teams in Company A (N=30). The questions were grouped into agile practices which were checked for correlation in order to establish convergent validity. In addition, we checked whether the questions identified to be the same among the tools would be given the same replies by the respondents. We could not establish convergent validity since the correlations of the data gathered were very few and low. In addition, the questions which were identified to have the same meaning among the tools did not have the same answers from the respondents. We conclude that the area of measuring agility is still immature and more work needs to be done. Not all tools are applicable to every team but they should be selected on the basis of how a team has transitioned to agile.
10.	Evbota, Felix, et al. (författare) Scaling up the Planning Game: Collaboration Challenges in Large Scale Agile Product Development 2016 Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, XP 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 24-27 May 2016. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319335148 ; , s. 28-38 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract One of the benefits of agile is close collaboration of customer and developer. This ensures good commitment and excellent knowledge flows of information about priorities and efforts. However, it is unclear if this benefit can be leveraged at scale. Clearly, it is infeasible to use practices such as planning game with several agile teams in the room. In this paper, we investigate how a large-scale agile organization manages, what challenges exist, and which opportunities can be leveraged. We found challenges in three areas: (i) the abil-ity to estimate, prioritize, and plan; (ii) the context of planning with respect to working environment, team build-up, and team spirit; and (iii) the ceremonial agreement which promises to allow leveraging abilities in a given context.
11.	Fabijan, A., et al. (författare) Customer feedback and data collection techniques in software R&D: A literature review 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319195926 ; 210, s. 139-153 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In many companies, product management struggles in getting accurate customer feedback. Often, validation and confirmation of functionality with customers takes place only after the product has been deployed, and there are no mechanisms that help product managers to continuously learn from customers. Although there are techniques available for collecting customer feedback, these are typically not applied as part of a continuous feedback loop. As a result, the selection and prioritization of features becomes far from optimal, and product deviates from what the customers need. In this paper, we present a literature review of currently recognized techniques for collecting customer feedback. We develop a model in which we categorize the techniques according to their characteristics. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of current software engineering research in this area and to better understand the different techniques that are used for collecting customer feedback.
12.	Fabijan, Aleksander, et al. (författare) The Lack of Sharing of Customer Data in Large Software Organizations : Challenges and Implications 2016 Ingår i: Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming. - Cham : Springer. ; 251, s. 39-52 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With agile teams becoming increasingly multi-disciplinary and including all functions, the role of customer feedback is gaining momentum. Today, companies collect feedback directly from customers, as well as indirectly from their products. As a result, companies face a situation in which the amount of data from which they can learn about their customers is larger than ever before. In previous studies, the collection of data is often identified as challenging. However, and as illustrated in our research, the challenge is not the collection of data but rather how to share this data among people in order to make effective use of it. In this paper, and based on case study research in three large software-intensive companies, we (1) provide empirical evidence that ‘lack of sharing’ is the primary reason for insufficient use of customer and product data, and (2) develop a model in which we identify what data is collected, by whom data is collected and in what development phases it is used. In particular, the model depicts critical hand-overs where certain types of data get lost, as well as the implications associated with this. We conclude that companies benefit from a very limited part of the data they collect, and that lack of sharing of data drives inaccurate assumptions of what constitutes customer value.
13.	Figalist, Iris, et al. (författare) Customer churn prediction in B2B contexts 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370, s. 378-386, s. 378-386 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract While business-to-customer (B2C) companies, in the telecom sector for instance, have been making use of customer churn prediction for many years, churn prediction in the business-to-business (B2B) domain receives much less attention in existing literature. Nevertheless, B2B-specific characteristics, such as a lower number of customers with much higher transactional values, indicate the importance of identifying potentially churning customers. To achieve this, we implemented a prediction model for customer churn within a B2B software product and derived a model based on the results. For one, we present an approach that enables the mapping of customer- and end-user-data based on “customer phases” which allows the prediction model to take all critical influencing factors into consideration. In addition to that, we introduce a B2B customer churn prediction process based on the proposed data mapping.
14.	Figalist, Iris, et al. (författare) Scaling Agile Beyond Organizational Boundaries: Coordination Challenges in Software Ecosystems 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 355, s. 189-206, s. 189-206 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The shift from sequential to agile software development originates from relatively small and co-located teams but soon gained prominence in larger organizations. How to apply and scale agile practices to fit the needs of larger projects has been studied to quite an extent in previous research. However, scaling agile beyond organizational boundaries, for instance in a software ecosystem context, raises additional challenges that existing studies and approaches do not yet investigate or address in great detail. For that reason, we conducted a case study in two software ecosystems that comprise several agile actors from different organizations and, thereby, scale development across organizational boundaries, in order to elaborate and understand their coordination challenges. Our results indicate that most of the identified challenges are caused by long communication paths and a lack of established processes to facilitate these paths. As a result, the participants in our study, among others, experience insufficient responsivity, insufficient communication of prioritizations and deliverables, and alterations or loss of information. As a consequence, agile practices need to be extended to fit the identified needs.
15.	Horkoff, Jennifer, 1980, et al. (författare) Goals, workflow, and value: Case study experiences with three modeling frameworks 2017 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319702407 ; 305, s. 96-111 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract It is beneficial to understand the benefits and drawbacks of enterprise modeling approaches in certain contexts. We report experiences applying different combinations of three modeling approaches to industrial cases. Specifically, we report on experiences from four companies using a combination of goal modeling, e3value modeling, and workflow modeling. Our findings help to guide enterprise modeling approach selection in similar contexts, and can be used to make recommendations to improve future applications of the selected modeling approaches.
16.	Horkoff, Jennifer, 1980, et al. (författare) Modeling support for strategic API planning and analysis 2018 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 336, s. 10-26 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract APIs provide value beyond technical functionality. They enable and manage access to strategic business assets and play a key role in enabling software ecosystems. Existing work has begun to consider the strategic business value of software APIs, but such work has limited analysis capabilities and has not made use of established, structured modeling techniques from software and requirements engineering. Such modeling languages have been used for strategic analysis of ecosystems and value exchange. We believe these techniques expand analysis possibilities for APIs, and we apply them as part of a cross-company case study focused on strategic API planning and analysis. Results show that goal, value, and workflow modeling provide new, API-specific benefits that include mapping the API ecosystem, facilitating incremental API planning, understanding dynamic API-specific roles, identifying bottlenecks in API change workflows, and identifying API value.
17.	Issa Mattos, David, 1990, et al. (författare) Challenges and strategies for undertaking continuous experimentation to embedded systems: Industry and research perspectives 2018 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 314, s. 277-292, s. 277-292 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Context: Continuous experimentation is frequently used in web-facing companies and it is starting to gain the attention of embedded systems companies. However, embedded systems companies have different challenges and requirements to run experiments in their systems. Objective: This paper explores the challenges during the adoption of continuous experimentation in embedded systems from both industry practice and academic research. It presents strategies, guidelines, and solutions to overcome each of the identified challenges. Method: This research was conducted in two parts. The first part is a literature review with the aim to analyze the challenges in adopting continuous experimentation from the research perspective. The second part is a multiple case study based on interviews and workshop sessions with five companies to understand the challenges from the industry perspective and how they are working to overcome them. Results: This study found a set of twelve challenges divided into three areas; technical, business, and organizational challenges and strategies grouped into three categories, architecture, data handling and development processes. Conclusions: The set of identified challenges are presented with a set of strategies, guidelines, and solutions. To the knowledge of the authors, this paper is the first to provide an extensive list of challenges and strategies for continuous experimentation in embedded systems. Moreover, this research points out open challenges and the need for new tools and novel solutions for the further development of experimentation in embedded systems.
18.	Karvonen, Teemu, et al. (författare) Hitting the Target : Practices for Moving Toward Innovation Experiment Systems 2015 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. ; 210, s. 117-131 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The benefits and barriers that software development companies face when moving beyond agile development practices are identified in a multiple-case study in five Finnish companies. The practices that companies need to adopt when moving towards innovation experiment systems are recognised. The background of the study is the Stairway to Heaven (StH) model that describes the path that many software development companies take when advancing their development practices. The development practices in each case are investigated and analysed in relation to the StH model. At first the results of the analysis strengthened the validity of the StH model as a path taken by software development companies to advance their development practices. Based on the findings, the StH model was extended with a set of additional practices and their adoption levels for each step of the model. The extended model was validated in five case companies.
19.	Kasparaviciute, Gabriele, 1990, et al. (författare) Plastic grabber: Underwater autonomous vehicle simulation for plastic objects retrieval using genetic programming 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 339, s. 527-533 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract We propose a path planning solution using genetic programming for an autonomous underwater vehicle. Developed in ROS Simulator that is able to roam in an environment, identify a plastic object, such as bottles, grab it and retrieve it to the home base. This involves the use of a multi-objective fitness function as well as reinforcement learning, both required for the genetic programming to assess the model’s behaviour. The fitness function includes not only the objective of grabbing the object but also the efficient use of stored energy. Sensors used by the robot include a depth image camera, claw and range sensors that are all simulated in ROS.
20.	Kirikova, Marite, et al. (författare) Towards Aligning IT and Daily Routines of Older Adults 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783030366902 - 9783030366919 ; 373, s. 150-156 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Different IT solutions exist for supporting older adults. However, the ways in which these solutions are positioned usually concern only specific activities or specific problems. In this paper we analyze the current research state regarding activities of older adults, the contexts of their activities, and supportive IT solutions to create a background for further investigations regarding alignment of IT solutions and daily routines of older adults. The paper presents illustrative mapping between older adult activities and IT solution categories and derives therefrom some aspects that are to be taken into account for successful alignment between IT solutions and daily routines of older adults.
21.	Koch, Christian, 1958 (författare) Machine Learning for Engineering Processes 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 354, s. 325-336 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Buildings are realized through engineering processes in projects, that however tend to result in cost and/or time overrun. Therefore, a need is highlighted by the industry and the literature, to develop predictive models, that can aid in decision-making and guidance, especially in a preparation effort before production is initiated. This study aims at investigating what are possible applications of machine learning in building engineering projects and how they impact on their performance? First, a literature review about machine learning (ML) is done. The first case is drawing on a productivity survey of building projects in Sweden (nÂ =Â 580). The most influential factors behind project performance are identified, to predict performance. Features that are strongly correlated with four performance indicators are identified: cost variance, time variance and client- and contractor satisfaction and a regression analysis is done. Human related factors predict success best, such as the client role, the architect performance and collaboration. But external factors and technical aspects of a building are also important. The second case combines constructability and risk analysis on a basis on civil engineering project from several different countries and with very different character; a town square, a biogas plant, road bridges and sub projects from an airport. The data encompasses 30 projects. The development build on literature study, expert interview, unsupervised and supervised learning. The strength lies more in the conceptual work of risk sources enabled by ML. Human reasoning is needed in building projects. Also after the introduction of ML.
22.	Landgren, Jonas, 1971, et al. (författare) Work Practice in Situation Rooms – An Ethnographic Study of Emergency Response Work in Governmental Organizations 2016 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. - 9783319470924 ; 265, s. 157-171 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents ethnographic accounts from multiple studies on situation room work in governmental organizations. The purpose of this paper is to make visible aspects of the work practice and provide triggers for future discussions regarding how such work practices could be supported with improved information technology. The findings show the collaborative nature of situation room work and how a variety of information technologies are embedded and intertwined in the practice. Assembling, monitoring, exploring, converging, and consolidating are key activities in a general work pattern in situation rooms.
23.	Ljungberg, Jan, 1956, et al. (författare) Like, Share and Follow: A Conceptualisation of Social Buttons on the Web 2017 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ; Nordic Contributions in IS Research. - Cham : Springer. - 1865-1348 .- 1865-1356. - 9783319646947 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this theoretical and argumentative paper we analyse the implications of social buttons as used on social networking sites (SNSs). Although social buttons have been around for many years, there is still a scarcity of research on their effects despite their pivotal functions for the success of SNSs. We conceptualise these buttons as Like buttons, Share buttons and Follow buttons and analyse them and their associated actions through the lens of social capital theory. Our analysis shows how the clicker and the clickee are affected differently through these social buttons, and in the process, we also propose seven concepts to describe the social implications of these buttons. Having discussed these concepts, we conclude the paper by offering three contributions; a) the distinguishing between the clicker and the clickee; b) the subtle but yet distinct differences between buttons, and; c) a set of ways through which social buttons become productive.
24.	Lwakatare, Lucy, 1987, et al. (författare) A taxonomy of software engineering challenges for machine learning systems: An empirical investigation 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 355, s. 227-243, s. 227-243 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Artificial intelligence enabled systems have been an inevitable part of everyday life. However, efficient software engineering principles and processes need to be considered and extended when developing AI- enabled systems. The objective of this study is to identify and classify software engineering challenges that are faced by different companies when developing software-intensive systems that incorporate machine learning components. Using case study approach, we explored the development of machine learning systems from six different companies across various domains and identified main software engineering challenges. The challenges are mapped into a proposed taxonomy that depicts the evolution of use of ML components in software-intensive system in industrial settings. Our study provides insights to software engineering community and research to guide discussions and future research into applied machine learning.
25.	Olsson, Helena Holmström, et al. (författare) User Dimensions in 'Internet of Things' Systems : The UDIT Model 2016 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. ; 240, s. 161-168 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract 'Internet of Things' (IoT) systems are fundamentally changing the way in which we interact and perceive technology. In this paper, we focus on two dimensions of IoT systems; (1) the IoT user interface and (2) the IoT ecosystem. We develop a model that identifies how data is presented to users and how users interact with the system, and the level at which systems interconnect with, and collects data from, external systems. Companies can use the model to map their systems according to the dimensions in order to: (1) identify current state of their systems, (2) identify desired state and (3) better understand the steps necessary to develop more advanced IoT systems. We evaluate the dimensions in five case companies and provide empirical evidence on the transition towards increasingly advanced IoT systems.
26.	Olsson Holmström, Helena, et al. (författare) Experimentation that Matters : A Multi-case Study on the Challenges with A/B Testing 2017 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. ; 304, s. 179-185 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract From having been exclusive for companies in the online domain, feature experiments are becoming increasingly important for software-intensive companies also in other domains. Today, companies run experiments, such as e.g. A/B tests, to optimize product performance and to learn about user behaviors, as well as to guide product development and innovation. However, although experimentation with customers has become an effective mechanism to improve products and increase revenue, companies struggle with how to leverage the results of the experiments they run. In this paper, we study the reasons for this and we identify three key challenges that make feature experimentation a difficult task. Our research reveals the following challenges: (1) the impact of experiments doesn't scale, (2) business KPIs and team level metrics are not aligned and (3) it is unclear if the available solutions are applicable across domains.
27.	Olsson Holmström, Helena, et al. (författare) Towards Continuous Customer Validation : A Conceptual Model for Combining Qualitative Customer Feedback with Quantitative Customer Observation 2015 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. ; 210, s. 154-166 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Software-intensive product companies are becoming increasingly data-driven as can be witnessed by the big data and Internet of Things trends. However, optimally prioritizing customer needs in a mass-market context is notoriously difficult. While most companies use product owners or managers to represent the customer, research shows that the prioritization made is far from optimal. In earlier research, we have coined the term 'the open loop problem' to characterize this challenge. For instance, research shows that up to half of all the features in products are never used. This paper presents a conceptual model that emphasizes the need for combining qualitative feedback in early stages of development with quantitative customer observation in later stages of development. Our model is inductively derived from an 18 months close collaboration with six large global software-intensive companies.
28.	Olsson Holmström, Helena, et al. (författare) Towards 'Human/System Synergistic Development' : How Emergent System Characteristics Change Software Development 2016 Ingår i: Software Business. - Cham : Springer. ; 240, s. 153-160 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With recent and rapid advances in areas such as online games, embedded systems and Internet of Things, the traditional notion of what constitutes a system, as well as how a system is typically developed, is fundamentally changing. Instead of systems that are specified upfront, and for which there are pre-defined purposes and tasks, we are increasingly experiencing a situation in which interconnectivity and emergent configurations of systems allow dynamic system capabilities that evolve and adjust over time. Regarded as the new digital business paradigm, these types of systems offer fundamentally new ways for software development companies in their service-and value creation. At the same time, they present challenges in these organizations. In this paper, and based on multiple case study research in three different domains, we identify emergent system characteristics that pose new challenges on software development. We present a model that outlines the transition from traditional development towards 'Human/System Synergistic Development' (HuSySD), in which software development is a joint effort between software development teams and intelligent systems.
29.	Ouhaichi, Hamza, et al. (författare) Dynamic data management for machine learning in embedded systems: A case study 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 370, s. 145-154 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Dynamic data and continuously evolving sets of records are essential for a wide variety of today’s data management applications. Such applications range from large, social, content-driven Internet applications, to highly focused data processing verticals like data intensive science, telecommunications and intelligence applications. However, the dynamic and multimodal nature of data makes it challenging to transform it into machine-readable and machine-interpretable forms. In this paper, we report on an action research study that we conducted in collaboration with a multinational company in the embedded systems domain. In our study, and in the context of a real-world industrial application of dynamic data management, we provide insights to data science community and research to guide discussions and future research into dynamic data management in embedded systems. Our study identifies the key challenges in the phases of data collection, data storage and data cleaning that can significantly impact the overall performance of the system.
30.	Asklund, Ulf, et al. (författare) Experiences from Monitoring Effect of Architectural Changes 2016 Ingår i: Software Quality.. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319270333 ; 238, s. 97-108 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A common situation is that an initial architecture has been sufficient in the initial phases of a project, but when the size and complexity of the product increases the architecture must be changed. In this paper experiences are presented from changing an architecture into independent units, providing basic reuse of main functionality although giving higher priority to independence than reuse. An objective was also to introduce metrics in order to monitor the architectural changes. The change was studied in a case-study through weekly meetings with the team, collected metrics, and questionnaires. The new architecture was well received by the development team, who found it to be less fragile. Concerning the metrics for monitoring it was concluded that a high abstraction level was useful for the purpose.
31.	Berger, Christian, 1980, et al. (författare) Expectations and Challenges from Scaling Agile in Mechatronics-Driven Companies - nA Comparative Case Study 2015 Ingår i: Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming, Xp 2015. - Berlin : Springer-Verlag Berlin. - 9783319186122 ; 212, s. 15-26, s. 15-26, s. 15-26 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Agile software development is increasingly adopted by companies evolving and maintaining software products to support better planning and tracking the realization of user stories and features. While convincing success stories help to further spread the adoption of Agile, mechatronics-driven companies need guidance to implement Agile for non-software teams. In this comparative case study of three companies from the Nordic region, we systematically investigate expectations and challenges from scaling Agile in organizations dealing with mechatronics development by conducting on-site workshops and surveys. Our findings show that all companies have already successfully implemented Agile in their software teams. The expected main benefit of successfully scaling agile development is a faster time-to-market product development; however, the two main challenges are: (a) An inflexible test environment that inhibits fast feedback to changed or added features, and (b) the existing organizational structure including the company's mind-set that needs to be opened-up for agile principles.
32.	Berntsson Svensson, Richard, 1978-, et al. (författare) BAM : backlog assessment method 2019 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer Verlag. - 1865-1348. - 9783030190330 ; , s. 53-68 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The necessity of software as stand-alone products, and as central parts of non-traditional software products have changed how software products are developed. It started with the introduction of the agile manifesto and has resulted in a change of how software process improvements (SPI) are conducted. Although there are agile SPI methods and several agile practices for evaluating and improving current processes and ways-of-working, no method or practices for evaluating the backlog exists. To address this gap, the Backlog Assessment Method (BAM) was developed and applied in collaboration with Telenor Sweden. BAM enables agile organizations to assess backlogs, and assure that the backlog items are good-enough for their needs and well aligned with the decision process. The results from the validation show that BAM is feasible and relevant in an industrial environment, and it indicates that BAM is useful as a tool to perform analysis of items in a specific backlog. © The Author(s) 2019.
33.	Holmberg, Nicklas, et al. (författare) A Conceptual View of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems as Services 2016 Ingår i: Perspectives in Business Informatics Research. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348. - 9783319453200 ; 261, s. 3-15 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper brings forward a conceptual view, based on practical experiences from designing information systems as services. Viewing information systems (IS) as services is beneficial but still an unexplored approach in organizations. The aim of this exercise is to contribute to the knowledge base of IS designers and modelers. In the paper, we present an analysis of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERPs) systems through a conceptual lens of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). This paper contributes to the debate on viewing ISs as services by presenting a view of SOA-architected ERPs as facilitating to fulfill business needs. This paper is influenced by systems and design thinking, and service oriented IS design. Based on shared promises between SOA and ERP we discuss the question whether SOA or ERP fulfills business needs? The analysis of ERPs from a SOA perspective provides us with the conclusion that the question is not about SOA or ERP but rather to provide SOA architected ERPs. It can be said that by viewing ERPs as services it is clear that the combination of ERPs and SOA could be seen as one way forward when designing ISs that aims at bridging gaps between IS and business e.g., processes and, allowing the business to fuse with IS forming servitized SOA based ERPs.
34.	Johansson, Björn, et al. (författare) Exploring choices of software sourcing methods among start-ups 2016 Ingår i: Shared Services and Outsourcing: A Contemporary Outlook - 10th Global Sourcing Workshop 2016, Revised Selected Papers. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348. - 9783319470085 - 9783319470092 ; 266, s. 193-209 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In the paper we discuss the following research questions: How do start-ups provide themselves with software and what are the motivations behind deciding on a specific sourcing option? The questions are motivated from the fact that acquirement of software is a challenging question, and it is especially interesting to explore how start-ups do, since they do not have a legacy to deal with. The research was conducted as a mixed approach including a survey among startups followed by interviewing decision-makers in some start-ups. The research indicates that motivations for choosing a specific software application include ease of use, compatibility, reliability, flexibility, and previous familiarity. Right now, sourcing of paid software mostly occurs in a single license set-up, although interviewed start-ups showed to prefer Pay-Per-Use, as it is more flexible and because they feel more in control over how much money they spend. The startups said to consider free software options in case alternatives that fulfilled their requirements were available. In the cases where start-ups paid for software the motivation was either because there were no other options available, or they felt that this sourcing method secured support.
35.	Kiwana, David, et al. (författare) Finance information systems usage in universities in a developing country : Implementing factors and their influence on use 2017 Ingår i: Perspectives in Business Informatics Research : 16th International Conference, BIR 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 28–30, 2017, Proceedings - 16th International Conference, BIR 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 28–30, 2017, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348. - 9783319649306 - 9783319649290 ; 295, s. 212-230 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Finance information systems (FISs) store and provide timely, accurate and consistent financial data for management and decision-making. Many organizations especially in developing world however fail to attain desired success during implementation and usage of the FISs despite the fact that many success factors for implementation have been suggested. This study thus investigated the usage of FISs with the aim of finding out how factors presumed to influence implementation impact usage. The presumed factors included; top management support, effective communication, evaluation of staff performance, technical support, project management, change management program, effectiveness of IT unit and flexibility of consultants. The study focused on universities in Uganda which is a developing country. Of the nine factors that were investigated only top management support, technical training and flexibility of consultants exhibited a positive impact with only top management support being significant. The rest of the factors exhibited negative impact and only effective IT unit being significant.
36.	Linåker, Johan, et al. (författare) A Survey on the Perception of Innovation in a Large Product-focused Software Organization 2015 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348. ; 210, s. 66-80, s. 66-80 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Context.Innovation is promoted in companies to help them stay competitive. Four types of innovation are defined: product, process, business, and organizational. Objective. We want to understand the perception of the innovation concept in industry, and particularly how the innovation types relate to each other. Method. We launched a survey at a branch of a multi-national corporation. Results. From a qualitative analysis of the 229 responses, we see that the understanding of the innovation concept is somewhat narrow, and mostly related to product innovation. A majority of respondents indicate that product innovation triggers process, business, and organizational innovation, rather than vice versa. However, there is a complex interdependency between the types. We also identify challenges related to each of the types. Conclusion. Increasing awareness and knowledge of different types of innovation, may improve the innovation. Further, they cannot be handled one by one, but in their interdependent relations.
37.	Maro, Salome, 1987, et al. (författare) Challenges of Establishing Traceability in the Automotive Domain 2017 Ingår i: Software Quality. Complexity and Challenges of Software Engineering in Emerging Technologies. - : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1348. - 9783319494210 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Traceability, i.e., relationships between artifacts in software development, is prescribed by quality standards such as ISO 26262 and therefore mandatory for automotive companies that develop safety-critical systems. However, establishing traceability is a challenge for many automotive companies. The objective of this study is to identify traceability challenges and solutions in this domain and compare these challenges and solutions with the ones in literature. To achieve this, we conducted a case study with a large automotive supplier to discover their traceability challenges and a tertiary literature review on existing traceability literature surveys to identify reported challenges and their solutions. We found 13 challenges from the literature study, of which ten were also found at the company. Three challenges are solved at the company with solutions that correlate with those proposed in literature, three are partially solved while four are still unsolved even though there are solutions in literature.
38.	Staron, Miroslaw, 1977, et al. (författare) A portfolio of internal quality metrics for software architects 2017 Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Software Quality. Complexity and Challenges of Software Engineering in Emerging Technologies. SWQD 2017 (Winkler D., Biffl S., Bergsmann J., eds.). - Cham : Springer. - 1865-1348. - 9783319494203 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Maintaining high quality software in the age of interconnected systems, systems of systems and Internet of things requires efficient management of the evolution of the software. Evolving the architecture of the software together with the evolution of the design is one of the key areas in maintaining the high quality. In this paper we present the results of our studies at Software Center (nine companies and five universities) with the goal to identify the main information needs and quality metrics for the role of software architects. As a result of our studies we can describe the most commonly used metrics in software engineering in general and in software architecting in particular – e.g. architectural stability or component coupling. We present these metrics and their interpretation (what should be done and why based on the values of metrics). The theoretical framing for this chapter is the ISO/IEC 15939 standard -- Systems and Software Engineering, Measurement Processes.
39.	Väyrynen, Karin, et al. (författare) Mobile Applications as Carriers of Institutional Pressures: A Case of the Finnish Taxi Industry 2018 Ingår i: Nordic Contributions in IS Research Ed. Sune Dueholm MüllerJeppe & Agger Nielsen. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356. - 9783319963679 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract While the worldwide market expansion of Uber has raised controversy, Uber has also received praise for its mobile phone app. Its many features – taxi ordering, pricing, real-time location information, paying, and service evaluation – have provided significant customer value. When Uber entered Finland in November 2014, few other taxi apps were available. Between 2014 and 2018, this shortage of taxi apps turned into an abundance, with many companies introducing their own taxi apps. By leaning on institutional theory, and more specifically by applying coercive, mimetic and normative pressures as a lens, we provide an explanation for why three Finnish taxi apps now resemble Uber in some features, whereas they differ in others. Based on our interviews, we can explain the present-day differences between these apps by coercive and normative pressures in the institutional environment of the Finnish taxi industry. We contribute to the IT and institutionalization research stream by illustrating how mobile applications as IT artefacts can be seen as carriers of institutional pressures materializing in the features they provide.

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