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- Brazier, J, et al.
(författare)
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European surveillance study on antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 31:4, s. 316-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms frequently isolated from local and systemic infections. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical strains isolated in 10 European countries were investigated. After identification of 299 GPAC to species level, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin and linezolid were determined by the agar dilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The majority of isolates were identified as Finegoldia magna and Parvimonas micra (formerly Peptostreptococcus micros), isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, metronidazole, vancomycin and linezolid. Twenty-one isolates (7%) were resistant to penicillin (n=13) and/or to clindamycin (n=12). Four isolates were resistant to both agents. The majority of resistant isolates were identified as F. magna and originated from blood, abscesses and soft tissue infections.
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- Gharizadeh, Baback, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of gyrA mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by rapid and reliable pre-programmed short DNA sequencing
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 26:6, s. 486-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quinolone resistance is rapidly increasing in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is posing a significant public health threat that requires constant surveillance. A rapid and reliable mutation detection assay has been developed. The assay is based on pre-programmed short DNA sequencing and is designed to detect point mutations in the gyrA gene that are highly related to ciprofloxacin resistance, i.e. in codons 91 and 95. By developing an assay based on pyrosequencing and exploiting the pre-programmed nucleotide dispensation capability of this technology, the sequence comprising the mutations will be analysed and promptly reveal whether the N. gonorrhoeae pathogen carries resistance to ciprofloxacin. A panel of 40 N. gonorrhoeae clinical isolates, of which 27 phenotypically displayed decreased susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin, was used in the present study. All point mutations in the short stretch of the N. gonorrhoeae gyrA gene were easily discriminated, and the genotypic results obtained by pre-programmed sequencing were mainly in agreement with the phenotypically identified decreased susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin. The new method used in the present study has the potential for rapid and reliable identification of known as well as previously unknown drug resistance mutations.
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- Jönsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Macrolide resistance can be transferred by conjugation from viridans streptococci to Streptococcus pyogenes
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 28:2, s. 101-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efflux pumps encoded by mef genes are among the most common mechanisms of resistance to macrolides. These genes are often located on horizontally transferable elements such as transposons. We present data indicating conjugative transfer of the mef(E) gene from viridans streptococci to the pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. The mef(E) gene is located on the previously described MEGA (macrolide efflux genetic assembly) element. Of 110 isolates tested, 85% of those that carried the mef(A/E) gene carried it on MEGA, and in all cases of conjugal transfer of the mef(E) gene it was carried on MEGA. It therefore appears reasonable to draw the conclusion that this element is important in the lateral transfer of macrolide resistance between streptococci.
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- Lindbäck, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Transformation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA, parE and porB1b genes
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 28:3, s. 206-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In several transformation experiments, we have shown that introduction of an alteration in GyrA at position 95 of a ciprofloxacin-susceptible Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.008 mg/L) increases the MIC to 0.064 mg/L. Two alterations (positions 91 and 95) increase the MIC to 0.125-0.25 mg/L. Transformants with ciprofloxacin MICs of 0.5-16 mg/L were obtained from a moderately ciprofloxacin-resistant strain (MIC 0.25 mg/L). These transformants had alterations in the gene for PorB1b and probably other genes. In one transformant, an alteration in ParE was also introduced, which probably contributed to ciprofloxacin resistance. The ciprofloxacin-resistant transformants had the donor porB1b sequence, and most of them also had altered serovars. We conclude that alterations in N. gonorrhoeae PorB1b could be involved in ciprofloxacin resistance.
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- Sóki, J., et al.
(författare)
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Examination of cfiA-mediated carbapenem resistance in Bacteroides fragilis strains from a European antibiotic susceptibility survey
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 28:6, s. 497-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of 1284 Bacteroides strains collected in Europe in 2000 for antibiotic susceptibility surveillance, 65 isolates displayed imipenem minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) > or =1 mg/L and were chosen for a thorough analysis of their resistance mechanism. Twenty-five of the isolates were positive for the cfiA carbapenem resistance gene. The resistance rates were 0.8% and 1.3% for imipenem and meropenem, respectively. In six of the strains, insertion sequence (IS) elements (IS613, IS614B, IS1186 and IS1187) activated the cfiA gene. However, other strains displayed at least elevated carbapenem MICs or were carbapenem resistant and produced measurable carbapenemase activities but did not harbour IS elements in the region upstream of the cfiA gene. The major determinant of carbapenem resistance in Bacteroides fragilis is production of CfiA metallo-beta-lactamase via activation of the cfiA gene by IS elements (higher level resistance) or by activation of its putative own promoter.
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- Sundén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial interference-is deliberate colonization with Escherichia coli 83972 an alternative treatment for patients with recurrent urinary tract infection?
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7913 .- 0924-8579. ; 28, s. 26-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing microbial antibiotic resistance motivates research for non-antibiotic treatment alternatives. In recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), 'bacterial interference' has attracted interest as a possible alternative treatment option. The observation that asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) protects against recurrent UTI has prompted clinical trials with deliberate colonization of the human urinary tract as an alternative approach in patients with recurrent UTI. The strain used for colonization, the ABU isolate Escherichia coli 83972, has been shown to cause symptom-free colonizations for long periods of time. Patients on long-term colonization report a subjective benefit, and UTI treatments are rare in colonized patients. This report presents an update on open long-term E. coli 83972 colonization trials and describes the design of an ongoing randomized trial. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy.
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