| 1. |
- Björn, Inger, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Drug related negative side effects is a common reason for poor compliance in hormone replacement therapy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 32:2, s. 77-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The reasons for poor compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, in particular drug-related reasons, have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, a cohort of peri- or postmenopausal women—mainly workers from a small town and surrounding rural area—was studied. The aim of the study was to investigate why some women never start or discontinue HRT, even when great effort has been made to inform and fulfill the demands of the patient. Methods: All women who were given a HRT prescription at a gynecological practice between September 1991 and December 1992 participated in a longitudinal study. A written questionnaire was mailed to these patients in 1996. Data from the questionnaire was supplemented with information from the medical records. Care of patients included initial information, follow-up within 4 months, yearly visits supplemented with contacts on demand. Results: 356 women received the questionnaire, among which 92% replied. A total of 2% never started HRT. Seventy-five percent continued the therapy for more than 3 years. Reasons for discontinuing HRT were negative side-effects (35%), desire to find out if climacteric symptoms had ended (26%), fear of cancer and thrombosis (25%), weariness of bleeding (19%) and a wish to deal with the problems ‘naturally’ (15%). Conclusions: Compliance with HRT can be high if adequate information is given and follow-ups are made. The main reason for poor compliance was negative side-effects, most likely progestin-related. The results of this study suggest that the future challenge will be to minimize negative side-effects of HRT.
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| 2. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-
(författare)
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The Relation Between Firm-Specific Intangibles and Exports
- 1996
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Ingår i: Economics Letters. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 53:2, s. 213-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main issue addressed in this paper concerns the relationship between firms' endowments in intangible proprietary assets and their export performance. The impact of investments in foreign production capacity on exports is taken into account in the empirical analysis.
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| 3. |
- Fiedler, Heidelore, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Case study of a highly dioxin contaminated sports field : Environmental risk assessment and human exposure
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 43:3, s. 217-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper slag, containing high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) was used as covering material of a community sports field. This led to a contamination up to 40 000 fold in comparison to background concentrations in soils. Levels and patterns of dioxins found in sediments of a nearby river proved a translocation of contaminated copper slag, while slightly elevated dioxin levels found in soil from nearby house gardens could not be attributed to the sports field as the source of dioxins.The annual flux of dioxins and furans to the environment was estimated using worst-case assumptions and the potential exposure of humans was deduced. Calculations of possible PCDD/PCDF-fluxes to the environment showed that only one major process - wind erosion - may have contributed to more than 90% of the total dioxin flux from the contaminated site to the surroundings, Based on PCDD/PCDF-exposure pathways for humans it was concluded that the PCDD/PCDF-content of the copper slag of the sports field did not pose a health hazard to athletes nor to the residents living in the neighbourhood.
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| 4. |
- Karimipanah, Taghi, 1953-
(författare)
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Deflection of wall-jets in ventilated enclosures described by pressure distribution
- 1998
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 34:3, s. 329-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pressure field in fluid systems reflects the flow configuration. Measurements of the pressure along the perimeter of a slot ventilated room have been conducted for different room sizes. The momentum of the jet at the end of the room is decreased with increasing room length. The impingement region (region where the influence of the opposing wall is present) starts, independent of room size, when the distance from the supply device is about 70% of the room length. Corner flows could not be predicted by CFD using the linear eddy viscosity or standard stress models. However, these effects may be captured by using a second moment closure turbulence model with a new near wall approach now available in literature.
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| 5. |
- Martin, Lene, 1953-
(författare)
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Computerized method to measure glare and contrast sensitivity in cataract patients
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery. - 0886-3350 .- 1873-4502. ; 25:3, s. 411-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate computerized methods for measuring glare sensitivity and visual acuity at 3 contrast levels in cataract patients. Setting: St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Methods: In a prospective study, 25 consecutive cataract patients meeting the inclusion criteria were examined before and 12 weeks after cataract surgery. Measured were glare sensitivity and visual acuity at 3 contrast levels using the Ophthimus Y-VA Contrast Sensitivity lest and Glare Test. Results: Preoperatively, ail patients had impaired values compared with those in a group of age-matched normal volunteers (control group). Postoperatively, median values were similar to those in the age-matched control group in all parameters except glare sensitivity, which was significantly higher in the pseudophakic group (P = .03). Correlation coefficients between preoperative visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 90%, 25%, and 10% were 0.50 (P = .01), 0.53 (P = .006), and 0.45 (P = .02), respectively, and between preoperative visual acuity and preoperative glare difference, 0.45 (P = .02). A significant correlation was found between age and visual acuity in the control group at all contrast levels: 90% (r = 0.61, P = .0018 ), 25% (r = 0.52, P = .01), and 10% (r = 0.42, P = .04). Median differences between Y-VA examinations (repeatability) were 0 LogMAR except between examinations 1 and 2 at the 25% contrast level, where it was 0.3 LogMAR. Conclusion: The Ophthimus Y-VA Test and Glare Test were useful in the preoperative evaluation of patients with cataract and mild to moderate visual impairment.
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| 6. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Differences between severely conduct-disordered juvenile males and normal juvenile males: the study of personality traits
- 1999
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 26:5, s. 827-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality traits among a group of 47 severely conduct-disordered (C-D) juvenile males from four Swedish national correctional institutions for serious offences were studied. The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-I), including an impulsivity scale from the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy (IVE) inventory, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales (SSS) form V, were administered to the C-D juveniles. The scores from the KSP for this group were compared to scores from a presentative group of 82 normal juvenile male subjects from the Swedish longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA). Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated between the KSP scales and scales from the EPQ-I, and between the SSS and scales from the EPQ-I and KSP inventories. The C-D juveniles displayed notably higher scores than the mean normal scores on psychopathy-related personality scales. The present results are consistent with earlier findings concerning personality dimensions in adult criminal psychopaths: high scores on impulsivity and sensation seeking, and low scores on conformity reflected in low socialization and high psychoticism.
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| 7. |
- Nguyen, Son Tien, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies of defects in electron-irradiated p-type 4H and 6H SiC
- 1999
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 273-274, s. 655-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defects in p-type 4H and 6H SiC irradiated by 2.5 MeV electrons were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Two anisotropic EPR spectra, labeled I and II, were observed in both 4H and 6H SiC. These spectra demonstrating triclinic symmetry of the center can be described by an effective electron spin S=1/2. The angle α between the direction of the principal gz of the g-tensors and the c-axis is determined as 63° and 50° for spectra I and II, respectively. In the 6H polytype, a third also similar EPR spectrum was detected. Based on their similarity in the electronic structure (electron spin, symmetry, g values), annealing behavior and temperature dependence, these spectra are suggested to be related to the same defect occupying different inequivalent lattice sites in 4H and 6H SiC. A pair between a silicon vacancy and an interstitial is a possible model for the defect.
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| 8. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Engström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between prophylactic effect of lithium therapy and family history of affective disorders
- 1997
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 42:6, s. 425-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium therapy response and age of onset (AOO) were studied in 98 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) who were divided into subgroups depending on type of family history of affective disorders. The highest (33.0 years) and lowest (25.5 years) age of onset were found in nonfamilial patients and in familial patients with a first-degree relative of BPAD, respectively. Nonfamilial patients showed the best response to lithium. There were 0.9 episodes/year off lithium compared to 0.3 episodes/year on lithium (an 88% decrease). A poorer response (a 71% decrease; a reduction from 1.39 episodes per year off lithium to 0.65 on lithium) was found in familial patients with a first-degree relative of BPAD. Differences in serum lithium values between the groups could not explain the observed differences. Thus, familial patients showed a more severe manifestation of the disease with an earlier AOO and a lower prophylactic effect of lithium.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Barbro, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Reproducibility of surface EMG variables and peak torque during three sets of ten dynamic contractions
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 9:5, s. 351-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interpretation of the electromyogram (EMG) of dynamic contractions might be difficult because the movement per se introduces additional factors that could affect its characteristics. There is a lack of studies concerning the reproducibility of surface EMG registrations during dynamic contractions. The aim was to investigate the during-the-day reproducibility (using intra-class correlation; ICC) of the peak torque (PT) and the EMG variables (without removing the electrodes) of dynamic contractions. Ten healthy subjects performed three sets of 10 dynamic maximum right-knee extensions with a one-hour interval in between, using an isokinetic dynamometer and the PT was determined. EMG signals were recorded from the right vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles using surface electrodes and the mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF [Hz]) and the signal amplitude (RMS [μV]), were computed. The ability to relax in-between the maximum extensions was calculated as a ratio of the RMS during the passive flexion phase and the RMS during the active extension phase of each contraction cycle: the signal amplitude ratio (SAR).Both PT (ICC=0.99) and RMS (ICC=0.83–0.98) had good reproducibility. The reproducibility of MNF was good for all muscles when the mean of contraction nos.: 1–10 was used. Vastus lateralis had the highest ICC among the three muscles. The reproducibility of SAR was generally poor (ICC<0.60). The present study showed good reproducibility for common EMG variables (MNF and RMS) obtained during maximum isokinetic contractions.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gustafsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of hyperfine structure and isotope shift on the detection of Rb by 2f-wavelength modulation diode laser absorption spectrometry : experimental verification of simulations
- 1998
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part B - Atomic Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 0584-8547 .- 1873-3565. ; 53:14, s. 1895-1905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents an experimental verification of a previously developed methodology for simulation of the 2f-wavelength modulation diode laser absorption spectrometry technique (2f-WM-DLAS) when the influence of hyperfine structure, isotope shift and collisional broadening and shift of an atomic transition is taken into account [J. Gustafsson, D. Rojas and O. Axner, Spectrochim. Acta, 52B, 1937-1953 (1997)]. The pilot element in the simulations was Rb, detected at the 780 nm 5s2 S1/2 - 5p2 P3/2 transition, in low-pressure cells and atmospheric-pressure reservoirs (e.g. graphite furnaces). This experimental investigation verifies that the simulations are able to predict, with good accuracy, experimental 2f-WM signals from Rb atoms under both low-pressure, room-temperature conditions and atmospheric-pressure, high-temperature conditions. This implies that the previously published simulation methodology can be used for predicting and optimizing 2f-WM signal strengths and shapes from Rb atoms (and thereby presumably also from other atoms) under a variety of pressure and temperature conditions.
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| 17. |
- Lindblad, Bertil Anders
(författare)
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The nodal, the new and the old maximum of the Perseid meteor stream
- 1998
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - 1873-5088. ; 46:8, s. 865-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual observations of Perseid meteors carried out in 1953-83 at the Onsala Space Observatory are analyzed to study the fine structure of the Perseid meteor stream maximum. Observed hourly rates are corrected for weather conditions and to a zenithal value. The Perseid activity curve is studied (1) for all observed Perseids, (2) for Perseids of app. magnitude 2.0 or brighter. The activity curve for both data sets shows two main peaks, one at solar long. 138.65° (1950.0) , very near to the node of the parent comet (Swift-Tuttle) , and a second peak at 139.42°, corresponding to the traditional maximum of the shower. A third, less conspicuous peak at 138.96° is also evident in the data. This peak could possibly be an early indication of the so-called new maximum of the Perseid stream. The detection of a well-defined peak in rates very near to the node of the parent comet is important since the position of the Perseid visual maximum usually quoted in the literature deviates from the cometary node by almost 1° in solar longitude.
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