| 1. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Recognising pain in older adults living in sheltered accommodation : the views of nurses and older adults
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 38:3, s. 305-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-six randomly selected older adults and their contact nurses participated in interviews based on standardised assessments of pain and open-ended questions focusing how pain was expressed and recognised. The sample included older adults with normal as well as cognitively impaired function. Seventy-nine percent of older adults with normal cognition were often in pain. Contact nurses assessed pain in 57% of cognitively impaired older adults. The content in the statements showed that pain recognition was a communicative interactive process based on verbal and non-verbal expressions. The process comprised attempts to understand the cause and intention of the expression and to verify the presence of pain. Changes in mood, facial expressions and physiological responses were described less often by older adults than by their nurses. Contact nurses of cognitively impaired older adults judged immobility as the source of pain, that it was possible to see when the person was in pain and that pain was expressed by paralinguistic and body language more often than contact nurses of cognitively healthy older adults. Characteristics of nurses and older adults could facilitate or hinder pain recognition. The findings indicate a need for reflective discussions in the staff group focusing on how to perform systematic assessments of verbal and non-verbal expressions and of hindrances and facilitators for recognising pain in older adults.
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| 2. |
- Gerdle, Björn, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Criterion validation of surface EMG variables as fatigue indicators using peak torque : a study of repetitive maximum isokinetic knee extensions
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 10:4, s. 225-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of studies have been published that have used variables of the electromyogram (EMG) power spectrum during dynamic exercise. Despite these studies there is a shortage of studies of the validity of surface EMG registrations during repetitive dynamic contractions with respect to fatigue. The aim of this study was to investigate if the surface EMG variables mean frequency (MNF [Hz]) and the signal amplitude (RMS [μV]) are valid indicators of muscular fatigue (defined as “any exercise-induced reduction in the capacity to generate force or power output”) during maximum repeated isokinetic knee extensions (i.e. criterion validity using peak torque).Twenty-one healthy volunteers performed 100 isokinetic knee extensions at 90° s-1. EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis, the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis of the right thigh by surface electrodes. MNF and RMS of the EMG together with peak torque (PT [Nm]) were determined for each contraction. MNF showed consequently higher correlation coefficients with PT than RMS did. Positive correlations generally existed between MNF and PT. The majority of the subjects had positive correlations between RMS and PT (i.e. decreases both in PT and in RMS).In conclusion, at the individual level MNF generally — in contrast to RMS — showed good criterion validity with respect to biomechanical fatigue during dynamic maximum contractions.
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| 3. |
- Karimipanah, Taghi, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical and experimental investigation of impinging jet ventilation and comparison with wall displacement ventilation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 37:12, s. 1329-1342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of a new impinging jet ventilation system and compares its performance with a wall displacement ventilation system. Experimental data for an impinging jet in a room are presented and non-dimensional expressions for the decay of maximum velocity over the floor are derived. In addition, the ventilation efficiency, local mean age of air and other characteristic parameters were experimentally and numerically obtained for a mock-up classroom ventilated with the two systems. The internal heat loads from 25 person-simulators and lighting were used in the measurements and simulations to provide a severe test for the two types of ventilation systems. In addition to a large number of experimental data CFD simulations were used to study certain parameters in more detail. The results presented here are part of a larger research programme to develop alternative and efficient systems for room ventilation.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Ingbeth, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ and parents’ reports on 3- to 6-year-old children’s sexual behavior : a comparison
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 26:3, s. 247-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to compare observed range and frequency of sexual behavior in 3- to 6-year-olds in two different environments: the home and the daycare center. The study also aimed to investigate parental and staff opinions on child sexual behavior.Methods: Parents and daycare teachers of 185 preschool children, from different socio-economic housing areas, answered extensive questionnaires about each child’s sexual and general behavior. They were also asked about their own opinions on child sexual behavior.Results: Parents observed significantly more sexual behavior in their children at home compared to teachers’ observations at the daycare centers in all age groups, while teachers reported more general behavior problems. Significant gender differences on sexual behavior were displayed at the daycare centers but not at home. Rare behaviors at home were also very unusual at the daycare center. Parental and staff attitudes toward child sexuality were quite open, although 67% of the parents and 41% of the teachers never spoke to the children on sexual matters. One fifth of the adults used no term for genitals at all, and even fewer had a name for girls’ genitals.Conclusions: The findings indicate that young children explore their sexuality more at home than in settings with groups of children where the daily activities may be more structured and monitored. It enhances the importance of looking at the context in which the sexual behavior is taking place when investigating problematic sexual behavior.
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| 5. |
- Westerberg, Kristina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal middle managers : psychosocial work environment in a gender-based division of labor
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 16:2, s. 189-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the reported study was to explore how 245 municipal middle managersperceived their psychosocial and physical work environments, and to examine psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction in departments engaged in di!erent types of activity, also tocompare male and female managers in these respects. The way in which psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction were related to the psychosocial and physical work environmentswas also investigated. The results indicated a di!erence between departments depending on thetype of activity. Departments concerned with care and education, i.e. care of the elderly, childcare and schools showed a tendency to lower values for psychosocial work environment factorsand more psychosomatic reactions than the departments geared more towards maintenanceand production, i.e. street maintenance, the power plant department and the recreation o$ce.In the departments concerned with children, female managers were in a majority. In the streetmaintenance department, the recreation o$ce and the power plant department, male managerspredominated. Compared to the men, the women had a higher level of education, lower salaries,more reactions of a psychosomatic nature, lower job satisfaction and a less satisfying psychosocialwork environment. The only department with an equal number of male and femalemanagers was the schools department. Here there were no di!erences between men and womenin the factors studied. Two partial correlations were computed in order to separate theimportance of type of activity and sex to the work environment factors and outcome variables.This indicated that the type of activity was more important than biological sex. The genderingof work activities is therefore also discussed and further investigations are suggested. ( 2000Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Degree of psychopathy : implications for treatment in male juvenile delinquents
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 26:3, s. 301-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal studies have consistently shown that psychopathy in adulthood has its roots in childhood. The psychopathy concept described by Cleckley (1976) involves interpersonal, affective, and behavioral aspects. Moreover, children who show low levels of anxiety respond more poorly to treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess psychopathy in 56 male juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder, treated in youth correctional institutions for severe offenders. We used a modified Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) that has been used for young people (Forth et al., 1990). Each participant received PCL-R assessments from one rater, based on the file information and an extensive interview. Twenty-eight participants (50%) were rated by the second rater. Both the ICC and Cohens’s kappa revealed that the PCL-R ratings were reliable: the ICC(2,1) of the PCL-R total scores was 0.90, F(27, 28) = 11.70, P < .0001; Cohen’s kappa = 0.64, P < .001. The final scores on the PCL-R showed that the base rate for psychopathy (defined as a score of 30 or more) in the sample was 59% (33 of 56 juvenile delinquents). The mean PCL-R total score for all 56 participants was 29.3 (S.D. = 7.8), and ranged between 12 and 40. The high rates of psychopathy found in juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder should alert clinicians to the necessity of psychopathy scoring, and shows that high-quality treatment programs are needed. Psychopathy is not currently considered when assessing and treating young people in state-administered observational and correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents in Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy-related personality traits in male juvenile delinquents : an application of a person-oriented approach
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Göttingen : Elsevier. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 27:1, s. 45-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some personality characteristics, such as impulsiveness, thrill seeking, and the need for change, are clearly relevant when studying psychopathy. Psychopaths are certainly avid sensation seekers. The primary aim of the present study was to identify common patterns with respect to psychopathy-related personality traits in a sample of 56 juveniles from four Swedish national correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents. Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Impulsiveness scale from the Impulsiveness–Venturesomeness–Empathy (IVE) inventory and the Total Sensation-Seeking scale from the SSS-V were used to determine personality traits. Cluster analysis was performed with SLEIPNER. Ward’s hierarchical minimum variance clustering method was used. We discovered seven clusters of participants. The mean T scores of the profiles of personality traits in the clusters (the cluster centroids) have been used to describe the clusters. Three multideviant clusters emerged, into which 31 (63%) of the classified participants could be placed. To describe the clusters, the prevalence of participants with a high degree of psychopathy (cutoff PCL-R score 27or above) was computed for each cluster and was complemented with data on previous treatment occasions and reoffending. The results indicated that psychopaths may develop different personality pattern; each cluster contained participants with high values of the PCL-R. Deviant personality is not currently considered when assessing and treating people in state administered observational and correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents in Sweden. The present results suggest that young people with psychopathy are not a homogenous group but may develop various personality traits. This should have implications for risk assessment and treatment.
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| 8. |
- Bellomo, Nicola, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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The generalized-kinetics-based equilibrium distribution function for composite particles
- 2003
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Ingår i: Comptes Rendus - Mecanique. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 1631-0721 .- 1873-7234. ; 331:7, s. 461-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work is devoted to the equilibrium distribution function for a fluid of mutually non-interacting identical composite point particles in three-dimensional physical space. The distribution function is derived within the generalized-kinetics (GK) vision from the proposed probabilistic model based on quantum-mechanical bosons and fermions. The first GK advantage is that the derivation does not involve any assumption on the interpolation between bosons and fermions whereas the resulting function provides this interpolation. The second GK advantage is that composons, the particles described with the GK-based distribution function, are considerably less schematic and more consistent physically than quons. Composons correspond to a specific case of Isakov's general q-commutation relation involving an infinite number of the q-coefficients. Connection of the composon concept to previous results in the literature is pointed out. A few directions for future research on the topic are formulated. The results of the work can be used in the composite-particle fluid problems where the Maxwell–Boltzmann description is not valid, for instance, in dense populations of not too massive point-like particles of a complex, composite nature at not too high temperatures. FRENCH: Ce travail s'intéresse à la fonction de distribution d'équilibre pour un fluide mutuellement non agissant, composé de particules points dans un espace de dimension trois. La fonction de distribution provient, d'un point de vue de CG, d'un modèle probabiliste issu de la mécanique quantique des fermions et des bosons. Le premier avantage de CG est que la dérivation ne nécessite aucune hypothèse sur l'interpolation entre les bosons et les fermions alors que la fonction résultante fournit cette interpolation. Le second est que les composons, les particules décrites par ce procédé sont considérablement moins schématiques et plus consistantes, physiquement, que les quons. Les composons correspondent à un cas particulier de la relation générale de q-commutation d'Isakov, pour un nombre infini de q-coefficients. Les résultats antérieurs liés au concept de composon sont signalés et quelques directions de recherches futures sont proposées. Les résultats de ce travail peuvent servir pour l'étude de fluides composés, où la description Maxwell–Boltzmann n'est pas valable, par exemple, pour une dense population de particules, pas trop lourdes et a des températures pas trop élevées, et d'une comoposition de nature complexe.
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| 9. |
- Benner, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Institutionalizing the triple helix : Research funding and norms in the academic system
- 2000
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Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 29:2, s. 291-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the institutional mechanisms that enable or hinder the development of new forms of knowledge production? This issue has been slightly neglected in the discussion of the "triple helix". To redress this shortcoming, the authors suggest an institutionalist complement to the triple helix model. The article analyzes the institutional regulation of academic research, with a special emphasis on how norms in the academic system are constituted via research funding. It is argued that funding is a key mechanism of change in the norm system since its reward structure influences the performance and evaluation of research. The empirical analysis is based on the public financing of technical research in Sweden, with comparisons made with other countries. The structure of research funding has been reformed in all the countries studied. In addition to continuing recognition for scientific merit, the reforms have had the effect of emphasizing the commercial potential and the societal relevance of the research supported. The two dominant models of research funding, an intra-academic model and a top-down interventionist model, seem to be replaced partly with a catalytic one. However, there are counteracting tendencies. Some agencies still reproduce a model of reputational control and a collegial orientation among researchers. It is concluded, therefore, that the forces of change and continuity are engaged in a process of negotiation about the normative regulation of academic research.
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| 10. |
- Breivik, Knut, et al.
(författare)
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Primary sources of selected POPs : regional and global scale emission inventories
- 2004
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 128:1-2, s. 3-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, a number of studies have been devoted to the sources and emissions of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) at regional and global scales. While significant improvements in knowledge have been achieved for some pesticides, the quantitative understanding of the emission processes and emission patterns for "non-pesticide" POPs are still considered limited. The key issues remaining for the non-pesticide POPs are in part determined by their general source classification. For industrial chemicals, such as the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), there is considerable uncertainty with respect to the relative importance of atmospheric emissions from various source categories. For PCBs, temperature is discussed as a potential key factor influencing atmospheric emission levels and patterns. When it comes to the unintentional by-products of combustion and industrial processes (PCDD/Fs), there is still a large uncertainty with respect to the relative contribution of emissions from unregulated sources such as backyard barrel burning that requires further consideration and characterisation. For hexachlorobenzene (HCB), the relative importance of primary and secondary atmospheric emissions in controlling current atmospheric concentrations remains one of the key uncertainties. While these and other issues may remain unresolved, knowledge concerning the emissions of POPs is a prerequisite for any attempt to understand and predict the distribution and fate of these chemicals on a regional and global scale as well as to efficiently minimise future environmental burdens.
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| 11. |
- Ehrström, M, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetic profile of orexin A and effects on plasma insulin and glucagon in the rat
- 2004
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Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115 .- 1873-1686. ; 119:3, s. 209-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orexin A (OXA) is found in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the gut. Peripheral administration of OXA to rats results in an inhibition of fasting motility. Plasma OXA increases during fasting and central administration of OXA increases food intake. The aim of the present study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of OXA and the effect of intravenously (IV) administered OXA on plasma concentrations of insulin and glucagon concentrations. Rats were given OXA IV (100 pmol kg-1 min-1) for time periods of 0, 10, 20, 30 min and for 10, 20, 30 min after ceasing a 30-min infusion. After each time period, rats were then sacrificed and blood obtained. OXA was also administered at increasing doses (0, 100, 300 and 500 pmol kg-1 min-1) for 30 min and blood was obtained. Plasma OXA, insulin and glucagon levels were measured using commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. The plasma half-life of OXA was 27.1±9.5 min. Stepwise increasing infusion rates of OXA confirmed a linear concentration-time curve and thus first-order kinetics. Its volume of distribution indicated no binding to peripheral tissues. Plasma glucagon decreased during infusion of OXA, while insulin was unaffected. Plasma OXA was raised fourfold after food intake. Thus, OXA has a longer plasma half-life than many other peptides found in the gut. This needs to be taken into account when assessing effects of OXA on biological parameters after peripheral administration.reserved.
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| 12. |
- Eklund, Lena, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional mapping of suppressor loci for anchorage independence and tumorigenicity on human chromosome 9
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. - 0165-4608 .- 1873-4456. ; 130:2, s. 118-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to the malignant Syrian hamster cell line BHK-191-5C, we previously identified two suppressor functions on human chromosome 9 (HSA9), one for anchorage independence and another for tumorigenicity. However, the precise chromosomal locations of these suppressor functions were not determined. The present study was undertaken to define the regional location of these suppressor loci using a panel of microcell hybrids containing structurally altered HSA9 with different deleted regions in the BHK-191-5C background. DNA derived from the cell hybrids was analyzed by PCR for verification of the presence of HSA9 genetic material by amplifying 62 microsatellite markers and 13 genes, covering the entire length of HSA9. Our deletion mapping data on anchorage independent and tumorigenic hybrids suggest that the suppressor function for anchorage independence is located in the region between 9q32 to 9qter. The suppressor for tumorigenicity may be located in one of three deleted regions on HSA9, the first one between the markers D9S162 and D9S1870, the second one between the markers D9S1868 and TIGRA002I21, and the third one between the markers D9S59 and D9S155.
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| 13. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of a history of diabetes on the improvement of symptoms and quality of life during 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of diabetes and its complications. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 1056-8727 .- 1873-460X. ; 14:6, s. 314-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe the impact of a history of diabetes mellitus on the improvement of symptoms and various aspects of quality of life (QoL) during 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients who underwent CABG between 1988 and 1991 in western Sweden were approached with an inquiry prior to surgery and 5 years after the operation. QoL was estimated with three different instruments: Physical Activity Score (PAS), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) index. 876 patients participated in the evaluation, of whom 87 (10%) had a history of diabetes. Symptoms of dyspnea and chest pain improved both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Diabetic patients scored worse than non-diabetic patients both prior to and 5 years after CABG, but without any major difference in improvement between the two groups with all three measures of QoL. PAS tended to improve more in non-diabetic than in diabetic patients, whereas improvement in NHP and PGWB was similar regardless of a history of diabetes. Diabetic patients differ from non-diabetic patients having an inferior QoL both prior to and 5 years after CABG. Both diabetic and non-diabetic patients improve in symptoms and QoL after the operation. In some aspects improvement tended to be less marked in the diabetic patients but on the whole improvement was similar compared to non-diabetic patients.
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| 14. |
- Karlsson, J.S, et al.
(författare)
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An estimation of the influence of force decrease on the mean power spectral frequency shift of the EMG during repetitive maximum dynamic knee extensions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 13:5, s. 461-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequency analysis of myoelectric (ME) signals, using the mean power spectral frequency (MNF), has been widely used to characterize peripheral muscle fatigue during isometric contractions assuming constant force. However, during repetitive isokinetic contractions performed with maximum effort, output (force or torque) will decrease markedly during the initial 40-60 contractions, followed by a phase with little or no change. MNF shows a similar pattern. In situations where there exist a significant relationship between MNF and output, part of the decrease in MNF may per se be related to the decrease in force during dynamic contractions. This study estimated force effects on the MNF shifts during repetitive dynamic knee extensions. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in the study and both surface ME signals (from the right vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris muscles) and the biomechanical signals (force, position, and velocity) of an isokinetic dynamometer were measured. Two tests were performed: (i) 100 repetitive maximum isokinetic contractions of the right knee extensors, and (ii) five gradually increasing static knee extensions before and after (i). The corresponding ME signal time-frequency representations were calculated using the continuous wavelet transform. Compensation of the MNF variables of the repetitive contractions was performed with respect to the individual MNF-force relation based on an average of five gradually increasing contractions. Whether or not compensation was necessary was based on the shape of the MNF-force relationship. A significant compensation of the MNF was found for the repetitive isokinetic contractions. In conclusion, when investigating maximum dynamic contractions, decreases in MNF can be due to mechanisms similar to those found during sustained static contractions (force-independent component of fatigue) and in some subjects due to a direct effect of the change in force (force-dependent component of fatigue). In order to compare MNF shifts during sustained static and repetitive dynamic contractions it is necessary to estimate the force-dependent component of fatigue of dynamic contractions. Our results are preliminary and have to be confirmed in larger experiments using single dynamic contractions when determining the MNF-force relationship of the unfatigued situation.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Mean frequency and signal amplitude of the surface EMG of the quadriceps muscles increase with increasing torque - A study using the continuous wavelet transform
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 11:2, s. 131-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continuous wavelet transform (CWT), a time-frequency method, was used when calculating mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF) and signal amplitude (RMS) of the surface EMG to investigate their relationships to force during a gradually increasing knee extension (ramp). Based upon the CWT, MNF was redefined to include time dependence on the EMG signal frequency contents, the short-time MNF (STMNF). Surface EMG was recorded from vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and vastus medialis in 21 clinically healthy subjects during a brief, gradually increasing contraction up to 100% of a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), with a duration of approximately 10 s. The relationships between the EMG variables and force using linear regression were determined for each subject. For vastus lateralis, we also investigated if certain aspects of the muscle morphology (i.e., proportions and areas of different fibre types) influenced the EMG-force relationship.For the majority of subjects (17-18 out of 21 subjects) there were significant positive correlations between STMNF and force in the three muscles. No sex differences were found in intercepts or regression coefficients of STMNF. The muscle morphology had a significant influence on the STMNF-force intercept and the regression coefficient. Positive and highly significant linear correlations between RMS and force were found for all subjects and all three muscles.In conclusion, time frequency methods can be applied when investigating EMG during brief contractions associated with non-stationarity. In a great majority of the subjects, and in the three muscles, significant linear force dependencies were found for STMNF. Thus, when evaluating muscle fatigue, e.g., in ergonomic situations, it is important to consider the force level as one factor that can influence the results. Morphological variables (fibre proportions and fibre areas) influenced the STMNF-force relationship in vastus lateralis. Copyright
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| 16. |
- Kuteeva, Eugenia, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of galanin and galanin transcript in the brain of a galanin-overexpressing transgenic mouse
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-0618 .- 1873-6300. ; 28:4, s. 185-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of galanin mRNA-expressing cells and galanin-immunoreactive (IR) cell bodies and processes was studied in the brain of mice overexpressing galanin under the PDGF-B promoter (GalOE mice) and of wild type (WT) mice, both in colchicine-treated and non-treated animals. In this abstract, we only describe the results in GalOE mouse. A widespread ectopic expression of galanin (both mRNA and peptide) was found, that is a situation when neither transcript nor peptide could be seen in WT mice, not even after colchicine treatment. However, in some regions, such as claustrum, basolateral amygdala, thalamus, CA1 pyramidal cells, and Purkinje cells only galanin mRNA could be detected. In the forebrain galanin was seen in the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, throughout the cortex, in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, claustrum, granular and pyramidal cell layers of the hippocampus, subiculum and presubiculum. In the thalamus, the anterodorsal, mediodorsal, intermediodorsal and mediodorsal lateral nuclei, the reuniens and reticular nuclei showed ectopic expression of galanin. Within the hypothalamus, neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus contained galanin. In the mesencephalon, the geniculate nucleus, nucleus ruber, the mesencephalic trigeminal and reticulotegmental nuclei ectopically expressed galanin. In the cerebellum, galanin was observed in the Purkinje cells and in the lateral and interposed cerebellar nuclei. In the pons, sensory and motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, the laterodorsal and dorsal tegmental nuclei, the pontine, reticulotegmental and gigantocellular reticular nuclei expressed galanin. Within the medulla oblongata, labeled cells were detected in the facial, ambiguus, prepositus, lateral paragigantocellular and lateral reticular nuclei, and spinal trigeminal nucleus. High densities of galanin-IR fibers were found in the axonal terminals of the lateral olfactory tract, the hippocampal and presumably the cerebellar mossy fibers system, in several thalamic and hypothalamic regions and the lower brain stem. Possible functional consequences of galanin overexpression are discussed.
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Barbro, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Test–retest reliability of EMG and peak torque during repetitive maximum concentric knee extensions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 13:3, s. 281-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of peak torque and surface electromyography (EMG) variable’s root mean square (RMS) and mean frequency (MNF) during an endurance test consisting of repetitive maximum concentric knee extensions. Muscle fatigue has been quantified in several ways, and in isokinetic testing it is based on a set of repetitive contractions. To assess test–retest reliability, two sets of 100 dynamic maximum concentric knee extensions were performed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The two series were separated by 7–8 days. The subjects relaxed during the passive flexion phase. Twenty (10 men and 10 women) clinically healthy subjects volunteered.Peak torque and EMG from rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris were recorded. RMS and MNF were calculated from the EMG signal. The reliability was calculated with intraclass correlation coefficient ICC (1.1) and standard error of measurements (SEM). The reliability of peak torque was good (ICC=0.93) and SEM showed low values. ICC was good for absolute RMS of rectus femoris (ICC≥0.80), vastus medialis (ICC≥0.88) and vastus lateralis (ICC≥0.82) and MNF of rectus femoris (ICC≥0.82) and vastus medialis (ICC≥0.83). Peak torque, and MNF and RMS of rectus femoris and vastus medialis are reliable variables obtained from an isokinetic endurance test of the knee extensors.
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| 18. |
- Olsson, Marie, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Paroxetine influences respiration in rats: implications for the treatment of panic disorder.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 14:1, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since hyperventilation and shortness of breath are characteristic features of panic attacks, and since the attacks can be elicited by CO(2) inhalation, an involvement of central or peripheral chemoreceptors in the pathophysiology of panic disorder has been suggested. Prompted by clinical reports suggesting that the susceptibility to spontaneous as well as CO(2)-induced anxiety and hyperventilation is attenuated by serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), we undertook the present study in order to explore the possible effect of an SRI, paroxetine, on baseline respiration and CO(2)-induced hyperventilation in freely moving Wistar rats. A significant increase in baseline respiratory rate was seen both after 5 and 15 weeks of treatment with paroxetine. CO(2) exposure induced a dose-dependent increase in respiratory rate, but not tidal volume, in both paroxetine-treated rats and controls; this response was reduced after 15 weeks of paroxetine treatment, but not after 5 weeks of treatment. We suggest that an influence on the regulation of respiration may be of importance for the anti-panic effect of SRIs.
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| 19. |
- Rugarn, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Progesterone and norethisterone have different effects on tachykinin-like immunoreactivity in rat cortex and striatum
- 2001
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Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - 0167-0115 .- 1873-1686. ; 101:1-3, s. 87-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of progesterone and the most commonly prescribed synthetic progestogen, norethisterone, on regional immune-like reactivity of neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurotensin (NT) in brains of female ovariectomized estradiol-substituted rats.Results: Norethisterone+estradiol-treated rats had 44% lower SP levels compared with estradiol-only-treated in frontal cortex and 20% lower NKA levels in comparison with progesterone+estradiol-treated in frontal cortex. Progesterone+estradiol-treated rats had 66% lower SP levels in striatum in comparison with both estradiol-only-treated and norethisterone+estradiol-treated. No significant results were found for NPY and NT.Conclusion: Progesterone and the synthetic progestogen, norethisterone, have different effects on SP- and NKA-like immunoreactivity in rat cortex and striatum.The effects of NET on SP- and NKA-like immunoreactivity in frontal cortex may contribute to the mood effects ascribed to this progestogen in clinical usage.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Österlund, Jens M., et al.
(författare)
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Flow structures in zero pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of mechanics. B, Fluids. - : Elsevier. - 0997-7546 .- 1873-7390. ; 22:4, s. 379-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The near-wall region of zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers was studied through correlation- and other two- point measurements over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The requirements of high spatial resolution were met by use of a MEMS-type of hot-film sensor array together with a small, in-house built hot-wire probe. Streak-spacing and characteristics of buffer region shear-layer events were studied. At high Reynolds numbers the motions that are of substantially larger scale than the streaks have a significant influence on the near-wall dynamics. By removing such scales through high-pass filtering a streak spacing was recovered that is close to that found in low Reynolds number flows. The frequency of occurrence of shear- layer events was found to scale with a mixed time scale, in analogy with earlier findings in channel flow, again indicating the increasing relative influence of large scales with increasing Reynolds number.
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| 22. |
- Alm, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Better knowledger improves adherence to lifestyle changes and medication in patients with coronary heart disease.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3:4, s. 321-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are not managed adequately, and we often fail to reach treatment targets. Aim: To investigate if knowledge of risk factors for CHD, measured by a questionnaire, would show any relation to advice to compliance to lifestyle changes to attain treatment goals and adherence to drug therapy. Method: Men and women <71 years who had had a cardiac event were screened consecutively (509) from the medical records. Responders (392) were interviewed, examined and received a questionnaire. Three hundred and forty-seven patients answered the questionnaire regarding their general knowledge of risk factors for CHD, compliance to lifestyle changes to attain treatment goals and adherence to drug therapy. Results: There were statistically significant correlations between general knowledge about risk factors for CHD and compliance to certain lifestyle changes: weight, physical activity, stress management, diet, attainment of lipid level goals and the likelihood of taking prescribed blood pressure-lowering drugs. General knowledge of risk factors had no correlation to blood glucose or blood pressure levels nor on smoking habits or treatment patterns for prescribed lipid- and blood glucose-lowering drugs. Conclusion: Knowledge correlates to patient behaviour with respect to some risk factors, which should be recognised in preventive programs.
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| 23. |
- Bergman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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'Grasp life again'. A qualitative study of the motive power in myocardial infarction patients
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 2:4, s. 303-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of death in Sweden today and is responsible for approximately 30% of all deaths. The aim of this study was to obtain increased knowledge and understanding of what motive power is and how it affects the individual's rehabilitation and return to a functioning daily life. Thirteen patients, six females and seven males, who had experienced a myocardial infarction, aged between 39 and 72 years and with a minimum interval from myocardial infarction diagnosis of at least 12 months, were interviewed. Grounded theory was the method used for data collection and analysis, since the method is focusing on social processes and interaction. The analysis process identified motive power as a core category: zest for life. The participants expressed a desire and a longing to continue living. The participants' experiences of their disease as well as being discharged from hospital forced them to reorientation. Autonomy, the individual's own active decision-making, plays a significant role in this zest for life. Care for was identified as the support base for zest for life. As health-care professionals we must, at a very early stage on the ward, form an idea of what kind of patient we have in front of us. ⌐ 2003 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Bolse, Kärstin, et al.
(författare)
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Life situation related to the ICD implantation : self-reported uncertainty and satisfaction in Swedish and US samples
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 1:4, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to describe changes in the life situation related to the ICD implantation of Swedish and US samples with regard to uncertainty and satisfaction. The life situation was measured by reference to the uncertainty caused by the condition and satisfaction with the life situation. Inferential statistics were used to analyse changes within and between the Swedish and US samples. Uncertainty showed a statistically significant difference between the Swedish and US samples before as well as after the ICD implantation. A higher level of uncertainty was indicated for the US sample prior to the ICD implantation and for the Swedish sample following the implantation. In the Swedish sample, satisfaction with life showed a statistically significant difference within the socio-economic domain, indicating a higher degree of satisfaction 3 months after implantation. Satisfaction within the domains of health and functioning, socio-economics and psychological-spiritual showed a statistically significant difference between the Swedish and US samples both before and after ICD implantation, indicating a higher degree of satisfaction in the US sample. The previous study shows that the ICD-patient's life situation is changed after the implantation and that it is necessary to provide the patient with information and education based on their own preconditions. The fact that US sample was investigated at a later stage after ICD implantation than the Swedish sample may have influenced the results of the study.
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| 25. |
- Broström, Anders, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep difficulties, daytime sleepiness, and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0889-4655 .- 1550-5049 .- 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 19:4, s. 234-242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Normal sleep changes with age in duration, fragmentation, and depth. The prevalence of insomnia is high in the elderly general population. In patients with chronic heart failure (HF) objective sleep assessments have shown disturbances such as a shorter total duration of sleep, frequent arousals, and sleep stage changes. Objective: To describe self- assessed sleep difficulties, daytime sleepiness, and their relation to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men and women with HF, as well as to make a comparison to data from a norm population. Methods: Cross-sectional design including 223 patients with HF, New York Heart Association classification II-IV, assessed using the Uppsala Sleep Inventory-Chronic Heart Failure, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire. Results: The most commonly reported sleep difficulties were initiating and maintaining sleep. The ratio of habitual sleep to the amount of estimated need for sleep was significantly shorter for women (P < .05), and the number of awakenings per night was significantly increased for men (P < .001). A total of 21% suffered from daytime sleepiness. Patients suffering from difficulties maintaining sleep, initiating sleep, and early morning awakenings reported significantly lower HRQOL in almost all dimensions of the SF-36 (P < .05-P < .001) compared to patients without sleeping difficulties, as well as to the normal population. The disease-specific Minnesota living With Heart Failure Questionnaire showed significantly reduced (P < .05-P < 001) HRQOL as measured by the total and subscale scores for patients suffering from sleeping difficulties compared to patients without sleeping difficulties. Conclusion: Patients with, HF have a reduced HRQOL especially if difficulties maintaining sleep, initiating sleep, and early morning awakenings are involved.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- De Geest, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Building bridges : the American Heart Association-European Society of Cardiology's International Nursing Collaboration
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 2:4, s. 251-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper described the formal collaboration between the American Heart Association's Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and the European Society of Cardiology's Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing. This collaboration comprises following dimensions: (1). further expansion on collaboration on annual conferences; (2). development of mentoring initiatives; (3). initiation of research collaboration; (4). development of joint guidelines; and (5). appointment of liaison persons of AHA to ESC and vice versa.
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| 29. |
- de Geest, S, et al.
(författare)
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Undertaking nursing interventions throughout Europe : Research activities of the working group on cardiovascular nursing of the European Society of cardiology
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 1:3, s. 167-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing is actively involved in international research though the UNITE (Undertaking Nursing Research Throughout Europe) research program, a new initiative for the WGCN. A group of cardiovascular nursing researchers from a number of different European countries committed themselves to a research group that is designed to promulgate international research in the field of cardiac nursing. The first study was a survey on coronary risk factors in a cohort of cardiac nurses from Europe. At this moment four additional studies are planned aimed at the development of the nursing profession in Europe and improvement of care for patients with chronic cardiac disease. If, as hoped, these studies prove to be successful, it will provide the seed for other international collaborations of this type.
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| 30. |
- de Loor, Sanne, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse-managed heart failure programmes in the Netherlands
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 1:2, s. 123-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart failure (HF) care in Europe is going through a lot of changes. Nurses have increasingly important roles in providing optimal care for these chronically ill patients in the Netherlands. The first steps to organise HF nurses have been taken and an overview of HF management programmes in Netherlands has been recently made available. A descriptive study was performed consisting of: (1) a screening phase in which all hospitals (n=109) and 105 home care organisations were approached by telephone to assess availability of HF management programmes and (2) a questionnaires in which content and organisation of the programmes were described. At the moment, the majority of all the hospitals (75%) have, or are currently developing a HF management programme. In 19 home care organisations (18%) a programme was available and 3 organisations had concrete plans to start on short notice. Components of HF programmes differ considerably, with follow-up after discharge from the hospital as the most often reported component. Other components of programmes include patient education, increased access to health care professionals and adjusting medication. Exercise programmes are not often available. Organisational aspects in regard to setting, financing and staffing also differ between various programmes. It was concluded that there is a considerable increase in the number of HF management programmes in the Netherlands, both hospital based and home based. A lot of questions in regard to the most optimal content and the organisation of HF management programmes remain unanswered.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Eldh, Ann Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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The phenomena of participation and non-participation in health care : experiences of patients attending a nurse-led clinic for chronic heart failure
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3:3, s. 239-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient participation is stressed in the health care acts of many western countries yet a common definition of the concept is lacking. The understanding of experiences of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who attend nurse-led specialist clinics, a form of care suggested as beneficiary to this group, may promote a better understanding of participation. Aim: To investigate the meanings of participation and non-participation as experienced by patients living with CHF. Methods: Narrative interviews analysed in the phenomenological hermeneutic tradition inspired by Ricoeur where the interpretation is made in the hermeneutic circle, explaining and understanding the experienced phenomena. Findings: Participation was experienced as to “be confident”, “comprehend” and “seek and maintain a sense of control”. Non-participation was experienced as to “not understand”, “not be in control”, “lack a relationship” and “not be accountable”. The findings indicate that the experiences of participation and non-participation can change over time and phases of the disease and treatment. Conclusion: The study suggests an extended view on the concept of participation. Patients' experiences of participation in health care can vary and should therefore be an issue for dialogue between nurses and patients with CHF in nurse-led specialist clinics.
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| 33. |
- Flemme, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of profile 1 and 5 years after ICD implantation
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1873-1953.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Treatment with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) increases survival in patients suffering from ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The physiologic effects of having an ICD implanted are well-known but there is still limited knowledge about quality of life (QoL), especially in a long-term perspective. Therefore, the aim of this prospective, follow-up study was to describe and compare uncertainty and QoL at year 1 and year 5 after implantation in patients living with an ICD.Methods: The Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-community version (MUIS-C) and Quality of Life Index-cardiac version (QLI) was used for 35 patients, living with an ICD in average 6 years 9 months. Higher scores indicate higher uncertainty and QoL.Results: An improvement in uncertainty was found at year 5 compared to year 1 (p=0.009), and at year 5 compared to baseline (p = 0.009). Overall QoL decreased at year 1 compared to baseline (p = 0.033). QoL in the socioeconomic domain decreased at year 1 compared to baseline (p = 0.006), and increased at year 5 compared to year 1 (p=0.027). QoL in the family domain decreased at year 5 compared to year 1 (p=0.039), and at year 5 compared to baseline (p=<0.001).Conclusion: Patients with ICD feel better at year 5 than at year 1. The QoL is reasonable good 5 years after implant once they have passed the first years and adapted to lifestyle changes, and patients are more certain and perceive the ICD as a parachute of life.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Fridlund, Bengt
(författare)
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Disseminating cardiovascular nursing.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3:1, s. 1-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 37. |
- Fridlund, Bengt
(författare)
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The role of the nurse in cardiac rehabilitation programmes
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 1:1, s. 15-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac rehabilitation programmes are intended to enhance the effect of acute treatment actions and to prevent risk factors, thus leading to an improvement in the patient's well being and recovery. Accordingly, all cardiac rehabilitation activities do not take place at the same time, which is the reason why the nurse's role changes in character over time. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to highlight the role of the nurse in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. The nurse's multiple roles in cardiac rehabilitation have a 'spider in the web-like' character and, depending on the phase of the patient's recovery, he/she acts as a container, a counsellor, a coach and an educator. To implement a successful cardiac rehabilitation, the nurse needs to have improved evaluation tools in clinical practice as well as to be self-critical and serve as a good role model. Finally, the cardiac rehabilitation nurse has to have a four-fold comprehensive perspective of the cardiac rehabilitation concept; an impact perspective, a timing perspective, a lifespan perspective, and a personal perspective.
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| 38. |
- Henriksen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding cardiac follow-up services—a qualitative study of patients, healthcare professionals, and managers
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 2:2, s. 95-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study explores the experience and understanding of stakeholders involved in follow-up services after a cardiovascular event. A multimethod approach was used consisting of questionnaires, telephone surveys, and in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Five themes were identified: patients wished to be seen in their total context, patients should do as told; healthcare professionals perform check-ups and control cardiac risk factors; healthcare professionals are in charge of the care processes; and the structure and processes of the healthcare organization. Results indicate that healthcare professionals have considerable difficulty in understanding the patient's situation and to collaborate between different levels of care. Furthermore, the total healthcare organization lacked comprehensive and practical structures in the follow-up process, rehabilitation, and secondary preventive services.
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| 39. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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A 3-year follow-up of participation in peer support groups after a cardiac event
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - London : Sage Publications. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3, s. 315-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Secondary prevention is an important component of a structured rehabilitation programme following a cardiac event. Comprehensive programmes have been developed in many European countries, the vast majority of which are hospital based. In Sweden, all patients with cardiac disease are also given the opportunity to participate in secondary prevention activities arranged by the National Association for Heart and Lung Patients [The Heart & Lung School (HL)]. The aim of this 3-year longitudinal study was to compare persons who attended the HL after a cardiac event and those who declined participation, with regard to health aspects, life situation, social network and support, clinical data, rehospitalisation and mortality. Totally 220 patients were included in the study. The patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on four occasions, in addition to visiting a health care center for physical examination. After 3 years, 160 persons were still participating, 35 of whom attended the HL. The results show that persons who participated in the HL exercised more regularly, smoked less and had a denser network as well as more social support from nonfamily members than the comparison groups. This study contributes to increased knowledge among healthcare professionals, politicians and decision makers about peer support groups as a support strategy after a cardiac event.
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| 40. |
- Holst, M., et al.
(författare)
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Fluid restriction in heart failure patients : Is it useful? The design of a prospective, randomised study
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Elsevier Science. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 2:3, s. 237-242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirst is a common and troublesome symptom for patients with moderate to severe heart failure. The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment as well as the nature of the disease itself causes increased thirst. There is no evidence in the literature about the usefulness of fluid restriction for heart failure patients. Formerly, when very little pharmacological treatment was available, fluid restriction was one of the few interventional options but nowadays when the pharmacological treatment has improved, its importance may be questioned. This article describes the design of an ongoing study with the aim to determine if an individualised and less restrictive fluid prescription can improve the quality of life, cardiac function and exercise capacity, and decrease in hospital admissions and thirst. This study will be performed as a two-group, 1:1 randomised cross-over study. In group 1, the patients are instructed to comply with a maximum fluid intake of 1.5 l. This is a standard treatment today. In group 2, the patients are recommended to intake a fluid, based on the physiological need of 30 ml/kg body weight/24 h, and are allowed to increase the fluid intake to a maximum of 35 ml/kg body weight/24 h. After 16 weeks, the patients will cross over to the other intervention strategy and continue for another 16 weeks. © 2003 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Jaarsma, Tiny, et al.
(författare)
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Heart failure clinics in the Netherlands in 2003
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3:4, s. 271-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Heart failure (HF) care in the Netherlands is going through a lot of changes. Nurses have increasingly important roles in providing optimal care for these chronically ill patients. In this study, we describe the current number of HF management programs and the role of the nurses in these programs. METHOD: Data were collected by a national survey as part of a European HF clinic survey of the UNITE study group of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing between February and March 2003 to 142 hospitals in the Netherlands. RESULTS: In 60% of the hospital locations, there is a HF management program. Most of the programs are organized as HF outpatient clinics. In all HF programs, cardiologists and nurses are involved. Other health care providers involved are, amongst others, general practitioners (29%), dieticians (59%), physical therapists (47%), social workers (30%) and psychologists (17%). All programs offer follow-up after discharge from the hospitals and in most of the programs patients have increased access to a health care provider. Behavioural interventions (68%), psychosocial counselling (64%), patient education (88%) and support of the informal caregivers (59%) are important components. In 90% of the programs (restricted), physical examination is the responsibility of the HF nurse and in 65% of the programs nurses are involved in optimizing medical treatment. Financial support and education of HF nurses is still unstructured and diverse. CONCLUSION: There is a rise in the number of HF programs in the Netherlands. There is diversity in content and intensity of these programs and the role of the nurse is not clearly defined yet. Research and discussion on the subject of optimal effective HF care and the role of the HF nurse is still needed.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Jaarsma, Tiny
(författare)
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Sexual problems in heart failure patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 1:1, s. 61-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual problems can affect quality of life of patients with advanced heart failure. At this moment sexual problems in patients with heart failure are described in a few studies, however, no data are available on a European sample. The objective of this study was to report on the occurrence of sexual problems in patients with advanced heart failure and to study the relationship of sexual problems with demographic and clinical variables and overall quality of life. Data of 73 patients with heart failure, (mean age 70 years, 80% male), living with a spouse, collected at 3 points in time were analysed. It was found that symptoms of heart failure do effect the sexual relationships. Patients report marked changes in sexual function as a result of their disease. Even in a recovery period of 9 months after discharge patients report considerable changes in frequency of sexual activity, sexual interest, satisfaction and sexual performance as a result of heart failure. Most patients did not report problems in their relationship as a result of heart failure or as a result of sexual problems. Sexual adjustment was related to functional status, number of co-morbidities and age. Better sexual adjustment was also related to a higher quality of life.
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| 49. |
- Johansson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Living with experiences following a myocardial infarction
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 2:3, s. 229-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronary heart disease is a major cause of sudden death and morbidity in the developed world, as well as a cause of great suffering. Research within this area has primarily focused symptoms, risk factors and treatment. The aim of this paper was to explore women's experiences following a myocardial infarction (MI). Eight women were interviewed; the interviews were audiotaped and transcribed into text and analysed using a phenomenological approach. To explore the meaning that is experienced in the lived world of the patient a method of reflective lifeworld research, based upon phenomenological epistemology has been used. The results indicate that the body is vital for the women in their lifeworlds. After a MI the patient's natural and unreflective relationship with the body and the lived world is interrupted. Uncertainty about life and death as well as the body is experienced as a suffering in the women's lifeworlds. In relation to this, the women's existence is characterised by an uncertainty and a loss of context. It is through reconciliation with their bodies and their illnesses that the women can achieve a sense of well-being and harmony in life. In that process the women can re-establish a natural relationship with their bodies and lifeworlds.
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Peter, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of health-related quality of life in chronic heart failure, from a nursing perspective - A review of the literature
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Living with chronic heart failure (CHF) is distressful and affects daily life. Because of the lack of a cure for CHF, there has been a progressive interest in using health-related quality of life (Hr-QoL) as an outcome measurement of the treatment in patients with CHF. Objective: The aim of this review was to describe the instruments/questionnaires used in different studies in the measurement of Hr-QoL in patients with CHF, and how they were put into operation as seen from a nursing perspective. Method: MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched from January 1995 to June 2002, by using the keywords CHF, heart failure, QoL and Hr-QoL. A total of 33 articles were analysed. Results: Thirty-two different Hr-QoL questionnaires were found. Generic, disease-specific and battery approaches were different ways used to measure Hr-QoL. To assess/describe Hr-QoL, evaluate the impact of interventions and examine relations/predictors were three main objectives. However, different aspects of the concept Hr-QoL, influencing factors, how to implement the questionnaires and a lack of unified CHF criteria existed. Conclusions: To create a guideline for the measurement of Hr-QoL in CHF patients is of great importance for nurses and might generate homogeneity in the measurement methods and promote the scientific approach in the nursing care process. © 2003 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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