| 1. |
- Alenaini, Wareed, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnic Differences in Body Fat Deposition and Liver Fat Content in Two UK‐Based Cohorts
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:11, s. 2142-2152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveDifferences in the content and distribution of body fat and ectopic lipids may be responsible for ethnic variations in metabolic disease susceptibility. The aim of this study was to examine the ethnic distribution of body fat in two separate UK‐based populations.MethodsAnthropometry and body composition were assessed in two separate UK cohorts: the Hammersmith cohort and the UK Biobank, both comprising individuals of South Asian descent (SA), individuals of Afro‐Caribbean descent (AC), and individuals of European descent (EUR). Regional adipose tissue stores and liver fat were measured by magnetic resonance techniques.ResultsThe Hammersmith cohort (n = 747) had a mean (SD) age of 41.1 (14.5) years (EUR: 374 men, 240 women; SA: 68 men, 22 women; AC: 14 men, 29 women), and the UK Biobank (n = 9,533) had a mean (SD) age of 55.5 (7.5) years (EUR: 4,483 men, 4,873 women; SA: 80 men, 43 women, AC: 31 men, 25 women). Following adjustment for age and BMI, no significant differences in visceral adipose tissue or liver fat were observed between SA and EUR individuals in the either cohort.ConclusionsOur data, consistent across two independent UK‐based cohorts, present a limited number of ethnic differences in the distribution of body fat depots associated with metabolic disease. These results suggest that the ethnic variation in susceptibility to features of the metabolic syndrome may not arise from differences in body fat.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bake, Tina, et al.
(författare)
-
Ghrelin Receptor Stimulation of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus in Rats Increases Food Intake but not Food Motivation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:8, s. 1503-1511
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) in the brainstem has emerged as a key area involved in feeding control that is targeted by several circulating anorexigenic hormones. Here, the objective was to determine whether the lPBN is also a relevant site for the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, inspired by studies in mice and rats showing that there is an abundance of ghrelin receptors in this area. Methods This study first explored whether iPBN cells respond to ghrelin involving Fos mapping and electrophysiological studies in rats. Next, rats were injected acutely with ghrelin, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, or vehicle into the lPBN to investigate feeding-linked behaviors. Results Curiously, ghrelin injection (intracerebroventricular or intravenous) increased Fos protein expression in the lPBN yet the predominant electrophysiological response was inhibitory. Intra-lPBN ghrelin injection increased chow or high-fat diet intake, whereas the antagonist decreased chow intake only. In a choice paradigm, intra-lPBN ghrelin increased intake of chow but not lard or sucrose. Intra-lPBN ghrelin did not alter progressive ratio lever pressing for sucrose or conditioned place preference for chocolate. Conclusions The lPBN is a novel locus from which ghrelin can alter consummatory behaviors (food intake and choice) but not appetitive behaviors (food reward and motivation).
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Castañeda, Jazmin, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between classes and subclasses of polyphenol intake and 5-year body weight changes in the EPIC-PANACEA study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 31:4, s. 1146-1158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses and body weight change over 5 years.Methods: A total of 349,165 men and women aged 25 to 70 years were recruited in the Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (PANACEA) project of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries. Body weight was measured at baseline and at follow-up after a median time of 5 years. Polyphenol intake, including four main polyphenol classes and eighteen subclasses, was estimated using validated dietary questionnaires and Phenol-Explorer. Multilevel mixed linear regression models were used to estimate the associations.Results: Participants gained, on average, 2.6 kg (±5.0 kg) over 5 years. Total flavonoids intake was inversely associated with body weight change (−0.195 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.128). However, the intake of total polyphenols (0.205 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.138 to 0.272) and intake of hydroxycinnamic acids (0.324 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.267 to 0.381) were positively associated with body weight gain. In analyses stratified by coffee consumption, hydroxycinnamic acid intake was positively associated with body weight gain in coffee consumers (0.379 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.319 to 0.440), but not in coffee nonconsumers (−0.179 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.490 to 0.133).Conclusions: Higher intakes of flavonoids and their subclasses are inversely associated with a modest body weight change. Results regarding hydroxycinnamic acids in coffee consumers require further investigation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Chen, Yun, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood BMI trajectories predict cardiometabolic risk and perceived stress at age 13 years: the STARS cohort
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to examine BMI trajectories from birth throughout childhood, associations with health outcomes at age 13 years, and time frames during which early-life BMI influenced adolescent health. Methods: Participants (1902, 44% male) reported perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms and were examined for waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse wave velocity, and white blood cell counts (WBC). BMI trajectory was analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling of retrospective data of weight/height from birth throughout childhood. The authors performed linear regression to assess associations between BMI trajectories and health outcomes at age 13 years, presented as estimated mean differences with 95% CI among trajectories. Results: Three BMI trajectories were identified: normal; moderate; and excessive gain. Adjusting for covariates, adolescents with excessive gain had higher WC (19.2 [95% CI: 18.4–20.0] cm), SBP (3.6 [95% CI: 2.4–4.4] mm Hg), WBC (0.7 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9] × 109/L), and stress (1.1 [95% CI: 0.2–1.9]) than adolescents with normal gain. Higher WC (6.4 [95% CI: 5.8–6.9] cm), SBP (1.8 [95% CI: 1.0–2.5] mm Hg), and stress (0.7 [95% CI: 0.1–1.2]) were found in adolescents with moderate versus normal gain. The association of early-life BMI with SBP started around age 6 years with the excessive gain group, which was earlier than in the normal and moderate gain groups, in which it started at age 12 years. Conclusions: An excessive gain BMI trajectory from birth predicts cardiometabolic risk and stress in 13-year-old individuals.
|
|
| 6. |
- Christenson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
The Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort: Profile of an ongoing prospective study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-7381. ; 31:6, s. 1678-1685
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveAs there is a lack of studies on adolescents and young adults with obesity, the Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort was set up to describe the long-term results of medical, as well as surgical, obesity interventions in youth. This article describes the study protocol. MethodsSince 2018, the study has continuously recruited patients aged between 16 and 25 years who have been admitted for obesity treatment at a specialist obesity clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants provide data from blood tests, questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. Data are collected longitudinally at enrollment and after 18 months and 3, 4, 5, and 10 years. ResultsIn the first 500 participants (76% female), the mean age was 21 (SD 3.0) years and the mean BMI was 41.3 (SD 6.1) kg/m(2) at enrollment. Almost half of the participants (44.4%) reported that both parents were born outside the Nordic countries. The proportion of participants who smoked at least sometimes was 28.4%. ConclusionsThe longitudinally collected data from the Swedish Youth with Obesity cohort will become a valuable source for answering various research questions regarding long-term results of medical and surgical obesity treatment in adolescents and young adults with obesity.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Holmbäck, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a novel weight-loss combination product containing orlistat and acarbose on obesity : A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 30:11, s. 2222-2232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel, oral, modified-release formulation of the lipase inhibitor orlistat and the glucosidase/amylase inhibitor acarbose (denoted EMP16) on relative body weight after 26 weeks compared with placebo. Methods The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial had a 26-week treatment period, with dose escalation up to 6 weeks. Participants, adults between ages 18 and 75 years, with BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) or >= 28 kg/m(2) with risk factors, were randomly assigned to EMP16 120-mg orlistat/40-mg acarbose (EMP16-120/40), EMP16-150/50, or placebo. The primary end point was relative weight loss from baseline to week 26 assessed in participants with at least one post-baseline weight measurement. Results Of 156 randomized participants, 149 constituted the intention-to-treat population. The mean (95% CI) estimated treatment difference to placebo in relative weight loss after 26 weeks in the intention-to-treat population was -4.70% (-6.16% to -3.24%; p < 0.0001) with EMP16-120/40 and -5.42% (-6.60% to -4.24%; p < 0.0001) with EMP16-150/50. Conclusions This trial indicates that orlistat and acarbose can be successfully combined in a modified-release formulation to provide efficacious weight loss with no unexpected safety issues. EMP16 may be a promising candidate among other medications for improved weight management.
|
|
| 9. |
- Iyoshi, Shohei, et al.
(författare)
-
Obesity contributes to the stealth peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer : a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 30:8, s. 1599-1607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The clinical significance of a higher BMI on the prognosis of ovarian cancer remains controversial; therefore, a more detailed analysis is demanded. This study investigated the impact of BMI on peritoneum-specific recurrence to clarify the involvement of adipose tissue in the proliferation of cancer cells at sites of peritoneal dissemination. Methods: Among 4,730 patients with malignant ovarian tumors, 280 diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB to IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer and who underwent complete resection in the primary surgery were included in the present study. Results: There were 42, 201, and 37 women in the low, normal, and high BMI groups, respectively. Peritoneum-specific recurrence-free survival and overall survival were both significantly shorter in patients with a high BMI than in those with a normal BMI (p = 0.028 and 0.018, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the distribution of sites of recurrence between these two groups. A multivariate analysis identified obesity as an independent prognostic factor in addition to pT3 tumor staging and positive ascites cytology. Conclusions: Patients with a high BMI had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a normal BMI, and peritoneal adipose tissue may have contributed to this difference.
|
|
| 10. |
- Katsogiannos, Petros, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in Circulating Cytokines and Adipokines After RYGB in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 29:3, s. 535-542
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare cytokine and adipokine levels in patients with obesity with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline and 6 months after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with healthy controls.MethodsA total of 34 patients (21 with T2D) with BMI of 30 to 45 kg/m2 were compared with 25 healthy controls without obesity. Cytokines, adipokines, and peptides of relevance for inflammation and metabolism were analyzed in plasma.ResultsSignificant decreases in weight and glycated hemoglobin A1c were observed. At baseline, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IFN‐β, IL‐18, leptin, and hepatocyte growth factor were higher in all patients with obesity compared with healthy controls. In patients without T2D, TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐15, and visfatin were also increased, whereas bone morphogenic protein‐4 was decreased. Following RYGB, IL‐6 and hepatocyte growth factor were still increased in both groups compared with controls. In T2D patients, IFN‐β, IL‐27, IL‐1α, IL‐2, regenerating islet‐derived protein 3A, visfatin, and osteopontin were found to be increased. In patients without T2D, TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐15, leptin, and visfatin remained increased.ConclusionsThe altered cytokine profile of patients with obesity persisted after RYGB despite large weight loss and improved metabolic status, thus reflecting an inherent inflammatory state.
|
|
| 11. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in Proteomic Profiles are Related to Changes in BMI and Fat Distribution During 10 Years of Aging
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:1, s. 178-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study investigated how changes in 84 proteins over a 10-year period of aging were related to changes in measures of body fat and distribution over the same period.METHODS: Cardiovascular candidate proteins were measured using the proximal extension assay technique, along with BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR), at ages 70, 75, and 80 in 1,016 participants of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Associations of changes in plasma protein levels, BMI, and WHR over time were analyzed using linear mixed models.RESULTS: Changes in 19 and 16 proteins were significantly associated with changes in BMI and WHR, respectively (P < 0.00059), over the investigated 10-year period. Leptin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 were among the proteins most strongly associated with changes in both BMI and WHR. Four of the proteins significantly tracked with change in BMI (P < 0.00059) but not WHR (P > 0.05): endothelial cell-specific molecule 1, pentraxin-related protein PTX3, ST2 protein (also known as interleukin-1 receptor-like 1), and spondin-1. Five proteins tracked with change in WHR (P < 0.00059) but not BMI (P > 0.05): caspase-8, cathepsin L1, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha, and C-C motif chemokine 20.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large longitudinal study of how changes in plasma protein signatures are associated with changes in measures of body fat and distribution over 10 years of aging.
|
|
| 12. |
- Lundanes, Julianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on pain and quality of life in female patients with lipedema: a randomized controlled trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: OBESITY. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 32:6, s. 1071-1082
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) compared with a control diet on pain in female patients with lipedema. The secondary objectives were to compare the impact of the two diets on quality of life (QoL) and investigate potential associations of changes in pain with changes in body weight, body composition, and ketosis. Methods Adult female patients with lipedema and obesity were randomized to either the LCD or control diet (energy prescription: 1200 kcal/day) for 8 weeks. Body weight and body composition, pain (Brief Pain Inventory measured pain), and QoL (RAND 36-Item Health Survey [RAND-36], Impact of Weight on Quality of Life [IWQOL]-Lite, and Lymphoedema Quality of Life [LYMQOL]) were measured at baseline and at postintervention. Results A total of 70 female patients (age, mean [SD], 47 [11] years; BMI 37 [5] kg/m2) were included. The LCD group had greater weight loss (-2.8 kg; 95% CI: -4.1 to -1.0; p < 0.001) and larger reduction in pain now (-1.1; 95% CI: -1.9 to -0.3; p = 0.009) compared with the control group. No association was found between changes in pain now and weight loss. Both groups experienced improvements in several QoL dimensions. Conclusions Diet-induced weight loss in women with lipedema can improve QoL. An energy-restricted LCD seems to be superior to a standard control diet in reducing pain.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Mateus Brandão, Luiz Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to a more unhealthy diet impacts sleep microstructure during normal sleep and recovery sleep : A randomized trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 31:7, s. 1755-1766
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveAlthough intake of specific macronutrients has been associated with sleep parameters, interventional evidence is lacking. Therefore, this randomized trial was conducted to examine how a more unhealthy high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet impacts sleep in humans.MethodsIn a crossover study, 15 healthy young men consumed two isocaloric diets in random order for a week: an HFHS and a low-fat/low-sugar diet. Following each diet, in-lab sleep was recorded using polysomnography during a full night of sleep and during recovery sleep after extended wakefulness. Sleep duration, macrostructure, and microstructure (oscillatory pattern and slow waves) were investigated using machine learning-based algorithms.ResultsSleep duration did not differ across the diets based on actigraphy and the in-lab polysomnography. Sleep macrostructure was similar after 1 week on each diet. Compared with the low-fat/low-sugar diet, consumption of the HFHS diet resulted in reduced delta power, delta to beta ratio, and slow wave amplitude but increased alpha and theta power during deep sleep. During recovery sleep, similar sleep oscillatory changes were observed.ConclusionsShort-term consumption of a more unhealthy diet alters sleep oscillatory features that regulate the restorative properties of sleep. Whether such changes can mediate adverse health outcomes associated with consumption of an unhealthier diet warrants investigation.
|
|
| 17. |
- Onerup, Aron, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between BMI in youth and site-specific cancer in men : A cohort study with register linkage.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 32:2, s. 376-389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study examined BMI in young men and incident site-specific cancer to estimate population attributable fractions due to BMI based on projected obesity prevalence.METHODS: A population-based cohort study with measured height and weight at age 18. Cox regression models assessed linear associations for BMI and included age, year, and site of conscription as well as parental level of education as covariates.RESULTS: Primary analyses were performed in 1,489,115 men, of whom 78,217 subsequently developed cancer during a mean follow-up of 31 years. BMI was linearly associated with risk of developing all 18 site-specific cancers assessed (malignant melanoma; leukemia; myeloma; Hodgkin lymphoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; and cancer in the lungs, head and neck, central nervous system, thyroid, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and gallbladder, colon, rectum, kidney, and bladder), in some instances evident at BMI levels usually defined as normal (20-25 kg/m2 ). Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of prostate cancer. The highest hazard ratios and population attributable fractions were seen for some gastrointestinal cancers.CONCLUSIONS: This study reports linear associations between BMI at age 18 and subsequent site-specific cancers, calling for rapid action to stem the obesity epidemic and to prepare the health care system for steep increases in cancer cases.
|
|
| 18. |
- Ravussin, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Leslie Paul Kozak, PhD (1940-2023)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 31:12, s. 2885-2886
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 19. |
- Robertson, Josefina, et al.
(författare)
-
BMI in early adulthood is associated with severe COVID-19 later in life: A prospective cohort study of 1.5 million Swedish men
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 30:3, s. 779-787
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Overweight and obesity have been identified as risk factors for severe COVID-19; however, prospective cohort studies investigating the association between overweight early in life and severity of COVID-19 are lacking. Methods: This study included 1,551,670 Swedish men, born between 1950 and 1987, with BMI registered at age 18 years. They were followed until January 9, 2021. COVID-19 cases and comorbidities were identified through the National Patient, Intensive Care, and Cause of Death registries. Outcomes included the following: 1) hospitalization; 2) intensive care unit admission; and 3) death. Results: The study found 4,315 cases (mean age = 56.4 years [SD 8.8]) of patients hospitalized because of COVID-19, of which 729 were admitted to an intensive care unit, and altogether there were 224 deaths. The risk for hospital admission increased with higher values of BMI at age 18 years, despite adjustment for comorbidities, from an odds ratio (OR) of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08-1.31) at BMI = 22.5 to 25 to an OR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.39-2.02) at BMI >= 30, compared with BMI = 18.5 to 20. ORs for intensive care unit admission were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.13-1.84) at BMI = 22.5 to 25 and 2.61 (95% CI: 1.73-3.93) at BMI >= 30. Conclusions: Higher BMI in early adulthood was associated with severe COVID-19 many years later, with a risk increase starting already at BMI >= 22.5. This underlines the necessity of preventive actions against overweight in youth to offer protection against coming viral pandemics.
|
|
| 20. |
- Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy Expenditure and Macronutrient Oxidation in Response to an Individualized Nonshivering Cooling Protocol
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : WILEY. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:11, s. 2175-2183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study aimed to describe the energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation response to an individualized nonshivering cold exposure in young healthy adults. Methods Two different groups of 44 (study 1: 22.1 [SD 2.1] years old, 25.6 [SD 5.2] kg/m(2), 34% men) and 13 young healthy adults (study 2: 25.6 [SD 3.0] years old, 23.6 [SD 2.4] kg/m(2), 54% men) participated in this study. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry under fasting conditions in a warm environment (for 30 minutes) and in mild cold conditions (for 65 minutes, with the individual wearing a water-perfused cooling vest set at an individualized temperature adjusted to the individuals shivering threshold). Results In study 1, EE increased in the initial stage of cold exposure and remained stable for the whole cold exposure (P < 0.001). Mean cold-induced thermogenesis (9.56 +/- 7.9 kcal/h) was 13.9% +/- 11.6% of the RMR (range: -14.8% to 39.9% of the RMR). Carbohydrate oxidation decreased during the first 30 minutes of the cold exposure and later recovered up to the baseline values (P < 0.01) in parallel to opposite changes in fat oxidation (P < 0.01). Results were replicated in study 2. Conclusions A 1-hour mild cold exposure individually adjusted to elicit maximum nonshivering thermogenesis induces a very modest increase in EE and a shift of macronutrient oxidation that may underlie a shift in thermogenic tissue activity.
|
|
| 21. |
- Scott, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Adiposity Without Obesity : Associations with Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Falls in the Healthy Ageing Initiative Cohort Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:11, s. 2232-2241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Obesity is commonly defined by BMI rather than adiposity, which may have differential effects on musculoskeletal health. Musculoskeletal outcomes were compared in older adults with normal adiposity and normal BMI (NA‐NBMI), those with high adiposity but normal BMI (HA‐NBMI), and those with high adiposity and high BMI (HA‐HBMI).Methods: In 3,411 70‐year‐olds, obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and adiposity as body fat percentage ≥ 25% (men) or ≥ 35% (women) from dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Bone parameters were measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Sarcopenia was defined as low handgrip strength with or without low appendicular lean mass. Falls were self‐reported 6 and 12 months later.Results: Prevalence of NA‐NBMI, HA‐NBMI, and HA‐HBMI was 14.2%, 68.1%, and 17.7%, respectively. Compared with HA‐HBMI, HA‐NBMI had increased likelihood for sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.41‐11.32) and osteoporosis (2.91; 95% CI: 2.35‐3.61) but similar likelihood of falls (P > 0.05). HA‐NBMI had lower values for bone geometry parameters, as well as grip strength, than both NA‐NBMI and HA‐HBMI (all P < 0.05).Conclusions: High adiposity without high BMI is more common than BMI‐defined obesity in older Swedish adults but does not provide similar protection from osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
|
|
| 22. |
- Spetz, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
A smartphone application to improve adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 30:10, s. 1973-1982
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This trial evaluated a smartphone applications effectiveness in improving adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation postoperatively. Methods This study was a randomized controlled trial comprising 140 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy). Participants were randomized 1:1 to the 12-week intervention, using the smartphone application PromMera, or to standard care. The primary end point was adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation. Results Initiation rate and overall adherence to supplementation were high in both groups. Change in objectively measured adherence rate from before the intervention to 1 year post surgery, measured with pharmacy refill data, did not differ between groups for vitamin B-12 (-9.6% [SD = 27%] vs. -9.3% [SD = 30%]; p = 0.48) or calcium/vitamin D (-12.3% [SD = 29%] vs. -11.5% [SD = 32%]; p = 0.44). A modest effect on the secondary end point (subjectively measured adherence, using the Medication Adherence Report Scale-5) was seen immediately after the intervention (intervention group 0.00 [SD = 1.3] vs. control group -1.2 [SD = 3.5]; p = 0.021), but this effect did not persist 1 year post surgery. No differences were detected in the prevalence of biochemical deficiencies. Conclusions The use of the smartphone application PromMera did not obtain a lasting improvement in adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation 1 year post bariatric surgery.
|
|
| 23. |
- Torres-Lopez, Lucia V., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of exercise on sleep in children with overweight/obesity: a randomized clinical trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : WILEY. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects of a 20-week exercise training program on device-assessed sleep and sleep-disordered breathing; and to determine whether participating in a session of the exercise program had effects on device-assessed sleep the subsequent night in children with overweight/obesity.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2014 to June 2016. A total of 109 children (age 8-11 years) with overweight/obesity were randomized into an exercise training or control group. The exercise program included aerobic and resistance training 3 to 5 days/week. The control group participants continued their usual lifestyle. Device-assessed sleep outcomes were measured using wrist-worn actigraphy at baseline, in the middle of the exercise program (10th week), and at postintervention for seven consecutive days (24 h/day), and sleep-disordered breathing was measured via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire.ResultsThe exercise training program had a statistically significant effect on wake after sleep onset time (-10.8 min/day, -0.5 SDs, p = 0.040). No other chronic or acute effects (i.e., the subsequent night of attending a session of the exercise training program) were observed on the remaining sleep outcomes.ConclusionsA 20-week exercise training program reduced wake after sleep onset time in children with overweight/obesity. Future randomized trials that include a sample of children with poor sleep health at baseline are needed to better appreciate the role of exercise in sleep health.
|
|
| 24. |
- van Egmond, Lieve T, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of acute sleep loss on leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin in adults with healthy weight and obesity : A laboratory study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 31:3, s. 635-641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether blood concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin are affected by acute total sleep deprivation in a sex- and weight-specific manner.METHODS: A total of 44 participants (mean age 24.9 years; 20 women; 19 with obesity) participated in a crossover design, including one night of sleep deprivation and one night of sleep in the laboratory. After each night, fasting blood was collected.RESULTS: After sleep deprivation, fasting levels of leptin were lower (mean [SE], vs. sleep: 17.3 [2.6] vs. 18.6 [2.8] ng/mL), whereas those of ghrelin and adiponectin were higher (839.4 [77.5] vs. 741.4 [63.2] pg/mL and 7.5 [0.6] vs. 6.8 [0.6] μg/mL, respectively; all p < 0.05). The changes in leptin and adiponectin following sleep loss were more pronounced among women. Furthermore, the ghrelin increase was stronger among those with obesity after sleep loss. Finally, the sleep loss-induced increase in adiponectin was more marked among normal-weight participants.CONCLUSIONS: Acute sleep deprivation reduces blood concentrations of the satiety hormone leptin. With increased blood concentrations of ghrelin and adiponectin, such endocrine changes may facilitate weight gain if persisting over extended periods of sleep loss. The observed sex- and weight-specific differences in leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin call for further investigation.
|
|
| 25. |
- Xu, Tianwei, et al.
(författare)
-
Onset of Workplace Bullying and Risk of Weight Gain : A Multicohort Longitudinal Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:11, s. 2216-2223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to examine the onset of workplace bullying as a risk factor for BMI increase.Methods: Repeated biennial survey data from three Nordic cohort studies were used, totaling 46,148 participants (67,337 participant observations) aged between 18 and 65 who did not have obesity and who were not bullied at the baseline. Multinomial logistic regression was applied for the analysis under the framework of generalized estimating equations.Results: Five percent reported onset of workplace bullying within 2 years from the baseline. In confounder-adjusted models, onset of workplace bullying was associated with a higher risk of weight gain of >= 1 BMI unit (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.19) and of >= 2.5 BMI units (odds ratio = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.45). A dose-response pattern was observed, and those exposed to workplace bullying more frequently showed a higher risk (P-trend = 0.04). The association was robust to adjustments, restrictions, stratifications, and use of relative/absolute scales for BMI change.Conclusions: Participants with exposure to the onset of workplace bullying were more likely to gain weight, a possible pathway linking workplace bullying to increased long-term risk of type 2 diabetes.
|
|
| 26. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
Birth weight, childhood obesity, adulthood obesity and body composition, and gastrointestinal diseases : a Mendelian randomization study.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 31:10, s. 2603-2614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This Mendelian randomization study aimed to investigate the associations of birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI, waist-hip ratio, and body composition with the risk of 24 gastrointestinal diseases.METHODS: Independent genetic instruments associated with the exposures at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8 ) were selected from corresponding large-scale genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank, the FinnGen study, and large consortia of European ancestry.RESULTS: Genetically predicted higher levels of birth weight were associated with a lower risk of gastroesophageal reflux. Genetically predicted higher childhood BMI was associated with an increased risk of duodenal ulcer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cholelithiasis. However, the associations did not persist after adjusting for genetically predicted adulthood BMI. Genetically predicted higher adulthood BMI and waist-hip ratio were associated with 19 and 17 gastrointestinal diseases, respectively. Genetically predicted greater visceral adiposity was associated with an increased risk of 17 gastrointestinal diseases. There were no strong associations among genetically predicted whole-body fat and fat-free mass indices with gastrointestinal diseases.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that greater adulthood adiposity, measured as either BMI, waist-hip ratio, or visceral adipose tissue, is causally associated with an increased risk of a broad range of gastrointestinal diseases in the European population.
|
|
| 27. |
- Onerup, Aron, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between BMIin youth and site-specific cancer in men-A cohort study with register linkage.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - 1930-739X. ; 32:2, s. 376-389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined BMI in young men and incident site-specific cancer to estimate population attributable fractions due to BMI based on projected obesity prevalence.A population-based cohort study with measured height and weight at age 18. Cox regression models assessed linear associations for BMI and included age, year, and site of conscription as well as parental level of education as covariates.Primary analyses were performed in 1,489,115 men, of whom 78,217 subsequently developed cancer during a mean follow-up of 31years. BMI was linearly associated with risk of developing all 18 site-specific cancers assessed (malignant melanoma; leukemia; myeloma; Hodgkin lymphoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; and cancer in the lungs, head and neck, central nervous system, thyroid, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and gallbladder, colon, rectum, kidney, and bladder), in some instances evident at BMI levels usually defined as normal (20-25kg/m2 ). Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of prostate cancer. The highest hazard ratios and population attributable fractions were seen for some gastrointestinal cancers.This study reports linear associations between BMI at age 18 and subsequent site-specific cancers, calling for rapid action to stem the obesity epidemic and to prepare the health care system for steep increases in cancer cases.
|
|
| 28. |
- Rogova, Oksana, et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolic remission precedes possible weight regain after gastric bypass surgery
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-739X. ; 31:10, s. 2530-2542
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Some patients regain weight to a variable extent from 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), though rarely reaching preoperative values. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether, when, and to what extent metabolic remission occurs.METHODS: Fasting metabolite and lipid profiles were determined in blood plasma collected from a nonrandomized intervention study involving 148 patients before RYGB and at 2, 12, and 60 months post RYGB. Both short-term and long-term alterations in metabolism were assessed. Anthropometric and clinical variables were assessed at all study visits.RESULTS: This study found that the vast majority of changes in metabolite levels occurred during the first 2 months post RYGB. Notably, thereafter the metabolome started to return toward the presurgical state. Consequently, a close-to-presurgical metabolome was observed at the time when patients reached their lowest weight and glucose level. Lipids with longer acyl chains and a higher degree of unsaturation were altered more dramatically compared with shorter and more saturated lipids, suggesting a systematic and reversible lipid remodeling.CONCLUSIONS: Remission of the metabolic state was observed prior to notable weight regain. Further and more long-term studies are required to assess whether the extent of metabolic remission predicts future weight regain and glycemic deterioration.
|
|
| 29. |
- Svensson, Per-Arne, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Non-alcohol substance use disorder after bariatric surgery in the prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - 1930-739X. ; 31:8, s. 2171-2177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of this study was to investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with substance use disorder (SUD) with substances other than alcohol.The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study enrolled 2010 patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery (gastric bypass n=265; vertical banded gastroplasty n=1369; gastric banding n=376) and 2037 matched control individuals receiving usual obesity care. Participants with SUD other than alcohol use disorder were identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from the Swedish National Patient Register (covering treatment in hospital but not primary care). Those with a history of non-alcohol SUD were excluded. Median follow-up was 23.8years.During follow-up, non-alcohol SUD incidence rates per 1000 person-years with 95% CI were 1.6 (0.8-3.1), 0.8 (0.5-1.2), 1.1 (0.5-2.2), and 0.6 (0.4-0.8) for gastric bypass, vertical banded gastroplasty, gastric banding, and control individuals, respectively. Only gastric bypass was associated with increased incidence of non-alcohol SUD (adjusted hazard ratio 2.54 [95% CI: 1.14-5.65], p=0.022) compared with control participants.Gastric bypass surgery was associated with increased risk of non-alcohol SUD, and this should be considered in long-term postoperative care.
|
|
| 30. |
- Säll, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Salt-inducible kinases are required for glucose uptake and insulin signaling in human adipocytes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-739X. ; 31:10, s. 2515-2529
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is abundantly expressed in adipocytes and downregulated in adipose tissue from individuals with obesity or insulin resistance. The main aims of this work were to investigate the involvement of SIKs in the regulation of glucose uptake in primary mature human adipocytes and to identify mechanisms underlying this regulation.METHODS: Primary mature adipocytes were isolated from human, rat, or mouse adipose tissue and treated with pan-SIK inhibitors. Adipocytes isolated from wild type, ob/ob, and SIK2 knockout mice were also used. Glucose uptake was examined by glucose tracer assay. The insulin signaling pathway was monitored by Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.RESULTS: This study demonstrates that SIK2 is downregulated in obese ob/ob mice and that SIK activity is required for intact glucose uptake in primary human and mouse adipocytes. The underlying mechanism involves direct effects on the insulin signaling pathway, likely at the level of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) generation or breakdown. Moreover, lack of SIK2 alone is sufficient to attenuate glucose uptake in mouse adipocytes.CONCLUSIONS: SIK2 is required for insulin action in human adipocytes, and the mechanism includes direct effects on the insulin signaling pathway.
|
|
