| 1. |
- Schwank, Ariane, et al.
(författare)
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2022 Bern Consensus Statement on shoulder injury prevention, rehabilitation, and return to sport for athletes at all participation levels
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. - : Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 52:1, s. 11-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SYNOPSIS: There is an absence of high-quality evidence to support rehabilitation and return-to-sport decisions following shoulder injuries in athletes. The Athlete Shoulder Consensus Group was convened to lead a consensus process that aimed to produce best-practice guidance for clinicians, athletes, and coaches for managing shoulder injuries in sport. We developed the consensus via a 2-round Delphi process (involving more than 40 content and methods experts) and an in-person meeting. This consensus statement provides guidance with respect to load and risk management, supporting athlete shoulder rehabilitation, and decision making during the return-to-sport process. This statement is designed to offer clinicians the flexibility to apply principle-based approaches to managing the return-to-sport process within a variety of sporting backgrounds. The principles and consensus of experts working across multiple sports may provide a template for developing additional sport-specific guidance in the future. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(1):11-28. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10952.
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| 2. |
- Ekwall, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonality of incident types in transport crime - Analysis of TAPA statistics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transportation Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1938-775X .- 1938-7741. ; 15, s. 193-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines weekly and annual seasonality in incident categories to find patterns and trends in transport crime globally, concerning the value of stolen goods, incident frequency and incident category. Secondary data is utilized to analyse a contemporary challenge in logistics and supply chain research, namely theft and robbery of goods during shipment. The research is based on the TAPA global IIS transport-related crime database. Incident frequencies and mean values are analysed primarily with chi-square tests and analyses of variance (ANOVAs). The results are analysed and discussed within a frame of reference consisting of theories from logistics and criminology. The main conclusion is that there is an annual as well as a weekly seasonality of most incident categories, but the patterns vary among incident categories. The results are primarily limited by the content and classification within the TAPA IIS database.
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| 3. |
- Espinoza, R., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-Dependent Study for Electrochemical Surface Area on a Catalyst Layer Used in a PEFC
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials for Low Temperature Electrochemical Systems 8. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-6737 .- 1938-5862. - 9781607685395 ; 108:7, s. 111-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The total of catalytic particles is often unavailable to participate in the electrochemical reactions in a PEFC, which limits the PEFC performance. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) becomes an important metric to diagnose the catalyst layer's performance and evaluate the development of new electrode materials to achieve better overall efficiency. This work intends to analyze the effects of a temperature sweep on the ECSA and determine the best model that fits the trend based on obtained results from in-situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. The experiment was carried out using a single PEFC of 25 cm2 with a catalyst layer of 0.5mg Pt/cm2 and Nafion® 112 membrane, using hydrogen and nitrogen as reactant gases at 100% relative humidity (RH). The results show a loss of ECSA about 14% in the temperature range evaluated. Besides, it was found that a linear function is adequate to model the correlation based on the experimental data obtained.
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| 4. |
- Ganesh, Viswanathan, et al.
(författare)
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Role Of Green Buildings in Sustainable Living: Implementation and Impacts
- 2022
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Ingår i: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. ; 107:1, s. 189-197
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rise in the number of carbon footprint has led to various new challenges and opportunities to reduce the rate of global warming and carbon footprint present in the atmosphere similarly the amount of global warming caused by the modern buildings and electrical devices which are required for the purpose of cooling and heating have played a key role in the higher concentration of temperature in the urban areas. On the other hand, the temperature levels in rural areas are comparatively lower than the urban areas due to large bare land available for the free movement of air and the effect of trees have reduced the temperature with the help of natural shades and oxygen production. Therefore, the concept of green building and Net zero building have been incorporated to enable the concept of nature into the buildings where the people can be more interconnected to the nature and get benefited to reduce the overall temperature and global warming effect in the coming future in accordance with the Sustainable development goal 7 under affordable and clean energy.
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| 5. |
- Zhu, Hongrui, et al.
(författare)
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The Precariousness of Young Chinese Being Working Holiday Makers in New Zealand
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of China Tourism Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1938-8160 .- 1938-8179. ; 18:4, s. 831-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the precariousness experienced and perceived by Chinese working holiday makers in New Zealand, and thereby challenges the more commonly and broadly disseminated positive narratives about long-term travel such as backpacking and working holidays. Whilst young Chinese have participated in the working holiday scheme in New Zealand for over a decade, this nascent phenomenon is still under-represented in the literature. Based on in-depth interviews with Chinese working holiday makers, three themes relating to the precariousness they experienced or perceived have been identified: Working holiday makers being caught in co-ethnic communities, their having limited employment opportunities, and their facing inherent insecurities. Findings of this study extend current understandings of the inherently precarious status of Chinese working holiday makers, as well as provide practical recommendations to the working holiday scheme.
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| 6. |
- Alexanderson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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MIS 3 age of the Veiki moraine in N Sweden – Dating the landform record of an intermediate-sized ice sheet in Scandinavia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 54:1, s. 239-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Veiki moraine in northern Sweden, a geomorphologically distinct landscape of ice-walled lake plains, has been interpreted to represent the former margin of an intermediate-sized pre–Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Fennoscandian ice sheet, but its age is debated as either marine isotope stage (MIS) 5c or MIS 3. We have applied optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating to four sites within the northern part of the Veiki moraine to establish its chronology. The radiocarbon ages provide only minimum ages and most OSL ages have low precision due to poor luminescence characteristics and problems with incomplete bleaching, leading to two alternative ages. In either case, the OSL dating places the Veiki moraine formation in MIS 3 (best estimate 56–39 ka). Sedimentation continued in the low-lying centers of some plateaus (ice-walled lake plains) during MIS 3 and during the Holocene, with a break during the Last Glacial Maximum when the area was ice covered. We speculatively constrain the broad timing further by relating the sequence of events to other climate records. We suggest that ice margin retreat to the west of the Veiki area took place during Greenland Interstadial (GI) 16.1 (58.0–56.5 ka) and that limited ice advances, which led to debris-covered ice margins in the Veiki zone, occurred during the following stadials GS-16.1 to 15.1 (56.5–54.2 ka). The GI-14 interstadial, which began 54.2 ka and lasted ~5.9 ka, could then be the period when the ice within the dead-ice landscape melted, first leading to ice-walled lakes and later to the inversed topography characteristic of the Veiki landscape.
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| 7. |
- SKOU, SØREN T., et al.
(författare)
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Benefits and Harms of Interventions With Surgery Compared to Interventions Without Surgery for Musculoskeletal Conditions : A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. - : Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 52:6, s. 312-344
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the benefits and harms of interventions with and without surgery for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). LITERATURE SEARCH: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, all up to January 7, 2021. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs (English, German, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian) of interventions with and without surgery conducted in any setting for any non-fracture MSK condition in adults (mean age: 18+ years) evaluating the outcomes on a continuous (benefits) or count (harms) scale. Outcomes were pain, self-reported physical function, quality of life, serious adverse events (SAEs), and death at 1 year. DATA SYNTHESIS: Random-effects metaanalyses for MSK conditions where there were data from at least 2 trials. RESULTS: One hundred RCTs (n = 12 645 patients) across 28 different conditions at 9 body sites were included. For 9 out of 13 conditions with data on pain (exceptions include some spine conditions), 11 out of 11 for function, and 9 out of 9 for quality of life, there were no clinically relevant differences (standardized mean difference of 0.50 or above) between interventions with and without surgery. For 13 out of 16 conditions with data on SAEs and 16 out of 16 for death, there were no differences in harms. Only 6 trials were at low risk of bias. CONCLUSION: The low certainty of evidence does not support recommending surgery over nonsurgical alternatives for most MSK conditions with available RCTs. Further high-quality RCTs may change this conclusion.
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| 8. |
- Kimari, Wangui, et al.
(författare)
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The invisible labor of the “New Angola” : Kilamba’s domestic workers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Urban geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; , s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kilamba, the first of the new centralities in Angola, is increasingly visible in recent urban scholarship about Luanda, further establishing it as the symbol of both this “new” post-war city and the “New Angola.” Within local discourses of progress, its emergence from within “petro-urbanism,” and its size and modern aesthetics are emphasized, while little attention has been directed towards understanding the actual contributions of its workers, particularly the women who spend a significant part of their day cleaning Kilamba’s apartments. In this paper, we combine a social reproduction framework with infrastructure studies to trace the labor of Kilamba’s female domestic workers, in order to demonstrate how their everyday practices uphold the status and materiality of this centrality, even as their work is invisibilized. In doing so, we understand their commentaries about this space, often refracted through descriptions of their homes, as critiques of the infrastructural priorities of the “New Angola.”
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| 9. |
- Kendler, Kenneth S., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the Onset of Opioid Use Disorder in the Swedish General Population
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 83:3, s. 332-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Given the public health importance of opioid use disorder (OUD), we sought to understand better its risk predictors in the Swedish general population. Method: We examined the Swedish population, born 1950–1970 (n = 2,092,359), and followed through 2018. Using Cox, logistic, and co-sibling models, we explored associations between a wide range of putative risk factors and a first onset of OUD—assessed through medical, criminal, and pharmacy registers—in the entire cohort and in the cohort wherein prior cases of drug use disorder (DUD) were censored. Results: OUD was predicted by the following four risk factor domains: (a) externalizing syndromes, especially prior non-opioid DUD; (b) psychopathology; (c) psychosocial factors, including social class and immigrant and marital status; and (d) serious injuries and pain diagnoses. When predicting OUD as the first form of DUD, the importance of pain diagnoses as a predictor increased. Co-sibling analyses suggested that the association of some of these risk factors with OUD onset was likely largely causal, whereas others were a mixture of causal effects and familial confounding. An aggregate risk score from these individual risk factors had reasonable receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve performance. Conclusions: OUD is a multifactorial syndrome for which risk can be meaningfully predicted by prior externalizing syndromes, internalizing and psychotic psychopathology, indicators of psychosocial status, and predictors of pain diagnoses. Some important differences were seen in the prediction of any OUD onset versus OUD onset as the first form of DUD. Much of the effect of these predictors appear, in co-sibling analyses, to likely reflect causal influences.
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| 10. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Civilian Population Victimization: A Systematic Review Comparing Humanitarian and Health Outcomes in Conventional and Hybrid Warfare.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1938-744X .- 1935-7893.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summarize the Hybrid War's core characteristics and humanitarian and medical impacts.A Systematic Literature Review according to PRISMA guidelines, using the following keywords, Hybrid War; Humanitarian Law; Human Rights; Lawfare, and search engines, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Gothenburg University's database to collect literature from 2000 to 2022 in English. The eligibility of qualified articles was assessed, an inductive qualitative thematic analysis was applied, and the scientific evidence of each selected piece was evaluated.The objectives of a Hybrid War are to achieve the tactical and strategic goals in a battle rather than to save civilian lives. It involves networks of state and non-state actors with various means of military and militia influences and strategies, creating difficulties in implementing, controlling, and evaluating the "International Humanitarian Law's A State responsibility" principle, to gain insight into an armed conflict. It targets populated civilian areas and raises ethical and moral concerns by using Lawfare.Hybrid War's multi-domain action should be met with multi-dimensional approaches and "acceptable losses" doctrine. Its characteristics and consequences should be learned and taught. Several measures need to be implemented to counteract its impacts, and a flexible surge capacity should be designed, planned, and executed.
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| 11. |
- Al-Wathinani, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Raising Awareness of Hearing and Communication Disorders Among Emergency Medical Services Students: Are Knowledge Translation Workshops Useful?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In numerous countries, emergency medical services (EMS) students receive curriculum training in effective patient-provider communication, but most of this training assumes patients have intact communication capabilities, leading to a lack of preparedness to interact with patients, who have communication disorders. In such cases, first responders could end up delivering suboptimal care or possibly wrong procedures that could harm the disabled person. Method: A quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest) was used to assess the knowledge of EMS students both before and after a translation workshop on how to deal with patients who have hearing and communication disorders during emergencies. Comparisons between pretest and posttest scores were examined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of knowledge scores was compared before and after the workshop. Results: The results indicated that EMS students' scores improved after the workshop. There was a 0.763 increase in the average score of knowledge level. The results of this study show that knowledge translation workshops are a useful intervention to enhance the level of knowledge among EMS students when interacting with hearing and communication patients. Conclusions: Our results show that such training workshops lead to better performance. Communication is a vital element in a medical encounter between health care providers and patients at all levels of health care but specifically in the prehospital arena. Insufficient or lack of communication with a vulnerable population, who may suffer from various disabilities, has a significant impact on the outcome of treatment or emergency management.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Fröjd, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Soil organic carbon stocks in mountain periglacial areas of northern Patagonia (Argentina)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 54:1, s. 176-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a detailed soil organic carbon (SOC) inventory for two areas in the mountain periglacial zone of northern Patagonia (altitude range c. 1,400–2,100 m). We describe plant cover and soil profiles at twenty-seven sites representing the main land cover classes and landform types at and above the treeline. The mean SOC 0–100 cm storage is 2.31 kg C m−2 for the combined study areas, which includes 69 percent of bare ground surfaces with negligible SOC stocks. If we consider the vegetated alpine belt only, mean SOC 0–100 cm storage increases to 6.96 kg C m−2. Solifluction has resulted in areas with dense plant cover and deep soil profiles with mean SOC 0–100 cm of 17.1 to 18.3 kg C m−2 and a maximum total stock of 51.5 kg C m−2. Lowest SOC storages of 0.13 to 0.63 kg C m−2 are found in bare and sparsely vegetated high-elevation areas with shallow and stony soils developed in patterned ground (stripes and sorted circles). Projected future increases in ambient temperature will likely result in an upward shift of the alpine vegetation belt with soil development, creating new areas of ecosystem carbon storage.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Narcissistic Sociopathy in Global Autocratic Leaders: Arrested Development, Obsessive Demand for Power, and the Emergence of Unlawful Hybrid Wars.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are several reasons why war occurs. The most lethal wars are those caused by 1 man's decisions solely driven by an obsessive need for power. With disregard for International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Convention, these wars, referred to as hybrid warfare, purposefully target civilians directly resulting in millions of deaths, injuries, mass migration, and other severe global and public health consequences. The purpose of this commentary is to investigate the developmental nature of those decision-makers and the consequences of their acts of aggression both locally and globally. There is a clear relationship between the psychological developments of individuals with narcissistic and psychopathological disorders and the implications of an abnormal progression of these individuals and their obsessive desire for singular leadership, which seriously impacts health-care security and its essential elements provided by international humanitarian law and Geneva Convention. Current double standards of the West allow narcissistic sociopaths and autocratic leaders to neglect international law, especially the so-called international humanitarian law. This double standard must be ceased and replaced by an international investigative system with universal standards, a special tribunal covering hybrid war crimes as well as the crime of aggression, and to prevent future leaders from choosing the same strategies.
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| 16. |
- Leemans, L., et al.
(författare)
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It Hurts to Move! Intervention Effects and Assessment Methods for Movement-Evoked Pain in Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. - : Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 52:6, s. 345-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of musculoskeletal rehabilitation interventions on movementevoked pain and to explore the assessment methods/protocols used to evaluate movement-evoked pain in adults with musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials investigating musculoskeletal rehabilitation interventions for movement-evoked pain in adults with musculoskeletal pain were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes with homogeneous data from at least 2 trials. The mean change in movementevoked pain was the primary outcome measure. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. RESULTS: Thirty-eight trials were included, and 60 different interventions were assessed. There was moderate-certainty evidence of a beneficial effect of exercise therapy compared to no treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.83, -0.47; P<.001) on movement-evoked pain in adults with musculoskeletal pain. There was low-certainty evidence of a beneficial effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation compared to no treatment (SMD, -0.46; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.21; P=.0004). There was no benefit of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation when compared to sham transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (SMD, -0.28; 95% CI: -0.60, 0.05; P=.09; moderate-certainty evidence). CONCLUSION: There was moderate-certainty evidence that exercise therapy is effective for reducing movement-evoked pain in patients with musculoskeletal pain compared to no treatment. Consider exercise therapy as the first-choice treatment for movement-evoked pain in clinical practice.
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| 17. |
- Muhammad, Khayal, et al.
(författare)
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Physicians' perception about the side effects of covid-19 vaccine and their role in vaccination program
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 16:6, s. 2290-2292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many problems in the health sector. Effective and safe vaccines are the only tool to combat the COVID-19 disease. Researchers and regulatory agencies have made efforts to develop such vaccines and healthcare professionals were prioritized for the vaccination program as first-line care providers. Considering this prioritization, we aimed to assess the physicians' perceptions regarding the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: An interview-based study was conducted from May 5 May to November 5, 2021 (6 months) in a teaching hospital in the capital city of Islamabad, Pakistan.Results: Among the 200 physicians who agreed to participate in the interview, 74% were male. A total of 94% did not experience any side effects after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, regardless of the type of vaccine; 6% experienced side effects. Furthermore, 90% of physicians were afraid of side effects due to the high number of vaccine doses.Conclusion: Conclusively, physicians had a positive perception regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Healthcare authorities and related departments must take precautions to ensure the effective and safe COVID-19 vaccine to change the perceptions of physicians who had a negative perception. This will not only reduce the reluctance among physicians regarding administering COVID-19 vaccine, but will also boost and facilitate the vaccination program for the general public as well.
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| 18. |
- Pold, Grace
(författare)
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Lowland tundra plant stoichiometry is somewhat resilient decades following fire despite substantial and sustained shifts in community structure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 54, s. 525-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arctic is experiencing the greatest increase in average surface temperature globally, which is projected to amplify wildfire frequency and severity. Wildfire alters the biogeochemical characteristics of arctic ecosystems. However, the extent of these changes over time-particularly with regard to plant stoichiometries relative to community structure-is not well documented. Four years after the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, experienced its largest fire season, aboveground plant and lichen biomass was harvested across a gradient of burn history: unburned ("reference"), 2015 burn ("recent burn"), and 1972 burn ("historic burn") to assess the resilience of tundra plant communities to fire disturbance. Fire reduced aboveground biomass in the recent burn; early recovery was characterized by evergreen shrub and graminoid dominance. In the historic burn, aboveground biomass approached reference conditions despite a sustained reduction of lichen biomass. Although total plant and lichen carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were reduced immediately following fire, N stocks recovered to a greater degree-reducing community-level C:N. Notably, at the species level, N enrichment was observed only in the recent burn. Yet, community restructuring persisted for decades following fire, reflecting a sustained reduction in N-poor lichens relative to more N-rich vascular plant species.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Swärd, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Mineral and isotopic (Nd, Sr) signature of fine-grained deglacial and Holocene sediments from the Mackenzie Trough, Arctic Canada
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 54:1, s. 346-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dolomites in Arctic Ocean sediments are widely attributed to erosion and transport of sediments from northern Canada and Greenland. Coarse-grained dolomite-rich ice-rafted debris is often linked to iceberg transport, but the origin of fine-grained dolomite is less well constrained. A presumed source is the Mackenzie River. In this article, we fingerprint the minerogenic and isotopic (Nd and Sr) composition of deglacial and Holocene fine-grained sediments (<38 μm) from the shallow Mackenzie Trough. Sediments from an 81.5-m borehole (MTW01) were analyzed. The borehole is composed of a progradational (deltaic), transitional (transgressive), and marine unit (<9.4 cal. ka BP). The average dolomite content (~7 percent) and ɛNd signals (−13.3) are surprisingly constant in the progradational and marine units. The isotopic signature is inherited from the Interior Platform, the major underlying bedrock region of the Mackenzie River mainstream. The transitional unit contains fluctuations in ɛNd (−11.0 and −14.6), reflecting enhanced input from the North American Cordillera and Canadian Shield that are not associated with elevated amounts of dolomite. Additional studies combining minerogenic and detrital ɛNd analyses from sites proximal to the paleo-icestreams draining the Canadian Arctic are required to ascertain the origin of dolomite enrichment in central Arctic Ocean sediments.
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| 21. |
- Terrill, David F., et al.
(författare)
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Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios support trophic partitioning within a Silurian conodont community from Gotland, Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Paleobiology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0094-8373 .- 1938-5331. ; 48:4, s. 601-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conodonts were a highly diverse and abundant vertebrate group whose fossils are found in marine Paleozoic and Triassic strata around the world. They inhabited environments ranging from lagoons to open oceans and are represented by a wide variety of dental morphologies. Conodonts may have filled many different ecological niches and represent a significant proportion of nekton before the Devonian. Despite this, very little is known about trophic ecology of conodonts. While morphological diversity suggests a complex trophic structure within conodont communities, there is little evidence to support dietary niche partitioning among conodonts. We tested the hypothesis that individual conodont taxa occupied different trophic niches, using Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios preserved in the dental elements of assemblages from Silurian strata of Gotland, Sweden. Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca have been shown to vary in vertebrate skeletal tissues depending on trophic positioning, although biological and environmental conditions can affect these ratios. Environmental influences were minimized by examining entire conodont communities from a tropical epeiric sea and by measuring strontium isotope ratios using thermal ionization mass spectrometry in the most metropolitan taxon (Ozarkodina confluens). Composition of white matter, a tissue unique to conodonts, was also analyzed using microprobe analysis, revealing significantly lower Sr concentrations than in surrounding lamellar tissue, suggesting taxon-specific histology should be considered when analyzing conodonts for geochemical data. Excluding taxa with highly variable quantities of white matter, the results show that each taxon preserves different Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios with limited overlap, indicating variation in trophic positioning.
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| 22. |
- Thomson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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A maturity framework for autonomous solutions in manufacturing firms:The interplay of technology, ecosystem, and business model
- 2022
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 18:1, s. 125-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant advancements within the fields of digitalization, electrification, and automation have enabled the development, testing, and implementation of increasingly advanced autonomous solutions. Current examples of industrial automation promise significant economic and sustainability-oriented benefits for industrial customers. Yet, implemented autonomous solutions have rarely advanced beyond ‘islands of autonomy’. Although enabling initial improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of operations, they have not led to the systemic process improvements that fully integrated site-wide solutions can achieve. It is becoming increasingly clear that the major challenges in this shift extend beyond technology to focus on business transformation and ecosystem relationships. Yet, extant research offers few insights into these domains. There is a need to develop a business-focused maturity framework for autonomous solutions to contribute to a predominantly technical discourse and support equipment actors and their wider ecosystems in commercializing autonomous solutions. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how industrial equipment manufacturers can align the development of technology, business models and ecosystem relationships for the advancement of autonomous solutions. We build on case studies that include 32 interviews from four industrial equipment manufacturers and their extended ecosystems of customers and partners. We capture our findings in a three-level maturity framework for industrial autonomous solutions. This framework unwraps the attributes of each level from the perspectives of technical system development, ecosystem configuration, and business model design and is complemented by three overarching principles for the successful commercialization of autonomous solutions.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Wallet, Elise, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Morphometric analysis of Skiagia-plexus acritarchs from the early Cambrian of North Greenland : toward a meaningful evaluation of phenotypic plasticity.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Paleobiology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0094-8373 .- 1938-5331. ; 48:4, s. 576-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cambrian evolutionary radiations are marked by spectacular biotic turnovers and the establishment of increasingly tiered food chains. At the base of these food chains are primary producers, which in the Cambrian fossil record are chiefly represented among organic-walled microfossils. The majority of these microfossil remains have traditionally been attributed to an informal category of incertae sedis called “acritarchs,” based entirely on form taxonomy. Acritarch form taxa have been intensely used for biostratigraphy and in large-scale studies of phytoplankton diversity. However, both prospects have been challenged by cases of taxonomic inconsistencies and oversplitting arising from the large phenotypic plasticity seen among these microfossils. The acritarch form genus Skiagia stands as an ideal case study to explore these taxonomic challenges, because it encompasses a number of form species widely used in lower Cambrian biostratigraphy. Moreover, subtle morphological differences among Skiagia species were suggested to underlie key evolutionary innovations toward complex reproductive strategies. Here we apply a multivariate morphometric approach to investigate the morphological variation of Skiagia-plexus acritarchs using an assemblage sourced from the Buen Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3–4) of North Greenland. Our analysis showed that the species-level classification of Skiagia discretizes a continuous spectrum of morphologies. While these findings bring important taxonomic and biostratigraphic hurdles to light, the unequal frequency distribution of life cycle stages among Skiagia species suggests that certain elements of phytoplankton paleobiology are nonetheless captured by Skiagia form taxonomy. These results demonstrate the value of using morphometric tools to explore acritarch phenotypic plasticity and its potential ontogenetic and paleoecological drivers in Cambrian ecosystems.
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| 25. |
- Westman, Anja, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitators and barriers for effective staff work in Swedish National governmental crisis response to the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis response in Sweden was managed foremost by a collaboration of several national agencies. Normally, their strategical and operational collaboration is limited, but the pandemic required new and unfamiliar collaborations. This study aimed to clarify the facilitators and barriers of perceived effective staff work within and between 4 national agencies.Methods: A qualitative study of 10 participants with leading roles within the 4 national agencies' crisis organization was conducted via snowball sampling. The participant interviews were conducted between August and November 2020 and analyzed using content analysis.Results: Four categories emerged from the analysis: individual characteristics, intra-agency organization, interorganizational collaboration, and governmental directives. Subcategories crystallized from the data were analyzed and divided into factors for facilitating or to function as barriers for effective staff work.Conclusion: Individual factors such as attitude and approach were important for perceived effective staff work as well as clear mandates and structure of the organization. Barriers for perceived effective staff work include lack of network, the complexity of the mission and organizational structures, as well as lack of preparations and unclear mandates. Although flexibility and adaptability are necessary, they cannot always be planned, but can be incorporated indirectly by selecting suitable individuals and optimizing organizational planning.
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| 26. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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(Re)gaining the urban commons: everyday, collective, and identity resistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Urban Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; 44:7, s. 1259-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the everyday, collective, and identity resistance mobilized by the urban poor to (re)gain their right to the commons and contest urban exclusion. Informed by the community of waste pickers at La Chureca, the city dump of Managua, Nicaragua, the paper, builds on theories of discard studies, urban commons, and Bayat’s everyday resistance. It shows, first, how deprived communities can create their own commons through quietly encroaching on public space and using such resources as waste. Second, it reveals how activating passive networks (e.g. spatial and professional solidarity, kinship) can be fundamental in commoning, by triggering intermittent collective resistance, giving rise to more permanent active networks (cooperatives and trade unions). Third, it shows how simultaneous strategies of collaboration with the state can be mobilized when necessary. Finally, it demonstrates how constructing a resistance identity becomes an important sociocultural mechanism for claiming access to the commons, on the basis of a heterogeneous configuration of territorial, environmental, professional, family, and spiritual identities. Resistance identity stems from and supports individual and collective resistance, to maintain access to the commons. We conclude that all forms of everyday, collective, and identity resistance are essential, and none alone is sufficient to (re)gain the commons.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Jiang, Heng, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Drinker : Alcohol's Hidden Costs in 2016 in Australia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 83:4, s. 512-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Drawing on a study of the range and mag-nitude of harms that alcohol caused to specific others in Australia, and on social and health agency statistics for collective costs, this article produces an analysis of the economic cost of alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in Australia. Method: This study used a general population survey and routinely collected social response agencies' data to quantify different costs of AHTO, using methods consistent with International Guidelines for Estimating the Costs of Substance Abuse. This approach estimates costs for health care and social services, crime costs, costs of productivity loss, quality of life-year loss and other expenses, including both tangible costs (direct and indirect) and intangible costs of loss of quality of life (respondents' self-reported loss of health-related quality of life). Results: The cost of AHTO in Australia was AUD$19.81 bil-lion (95% CI [11.99, 28.34]), with tangible costs accounting for 58% of total costs ($11.45 billion, which is 0.68% of gross domestic product in 2016) and intangible costs of $8.36 billion. The costs to private individu-als or households ($18.1 billion and 89% of total costs of AHTO) are greater than the costs to the government or society because of others' drinking in Australia. Conclusions: This study presents an estimation of the economic cost of harm from others' drinking. The economic costs from others' drinking are large and of much the same magnitude as the costs that drinkers impose on themselves, as found in previous studies. Preventing harm to others from drinking is important as a public health goal for both economic and humane reasons.
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| 29. |
- Brorson, Fredrik, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Patient reported outcome and quality of life after delayed breast reconstruction - An RCT comparing different reconstructive methods in radiated and non-radiated patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Breast Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-8209 .- 1938-0666. ; 22:8, s. 753-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one of the core outcomes for breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the method of delayed breast reconstruction affects long-term HRQoL. Methods Participants were divided into 2 arms depending on previous radiotherapy, and subsequently randomized between 2 methods of breast reconstruction: a latissimus dorsi flap or a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap in the radiated arm and a thoracodorsal flap and implant or an expander in the non-radiated arm. Validated HRQoL instruments were used: BREAST-Q to evaluate breast specific HRQoL and satisfaction, RAND-36 and EQ-5D to evaluate generic HRQoL, and BDI-21 to measure symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results During the recruitment period (2009-2015), 233 patients were randomized. After opt-outs and exclusions, the remaining 107 participants comprise the study sample. Postoperative HrQoL was measured on average 7to 8years post-operatively. Response rates varied between 60 and 82 per cent. The BREAST-Q scores were higher after the reconstruction than before for the great majority of domains in both arms; albeit statistically significant only between the 2 methods for physical well-being chest in the radiated arm. Most participants in both arms had minimal or mild depression both before and after the operation. Conclusion No distinct differences in long-term HrQoL could be seen for different methods There was a clear improvement in HrQoL compared to pre-reconstruction in all groups, but the effect of specific reconstructive methods on scores could not be reliably demonstrated.
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| 30. |
- Rodin, Lika
(författare)
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Social Immunology : Application in Research on Migration
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Russian Sociological Review. - : National Research University Higher School of Economics, Alexander F. Filippov. - 1728-192X .- 1728-1938. ; 21:1, s. 71-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging the world for many months, drawing the public's attention to the field of epidemiology. Governments around the globe urgently call on the scientific community to provide guidelines for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus infections. Immunity protection (natural or man-made) is at the epicentre of state policies and public discussions. It is less known that the epidemiological discourse had been used beyond natural sciences in the domain of philosophy and social research. This paper introduces the concept of social immunology developed by Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito at the turn of the 20th century as part of the discussion of the notion of biopolitics. I re-read one of my previous research projects through the lens of Esposito's theory to show the potential of his theoretical constructs in studies on migration and integration.
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| 31. |
- Volpp, Jörg
(författare)
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Multispot laser welding for increased gap bridgability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 34:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser beam welding is a promising technology to enable automated high-quality welding procedures at significantly higher processing speeds compared to conventional processes. However, its usability is often limited by gap bridgability. This disadvantage is related to the small laser beam spot sizes that require low gap sizes for joining, which are often practically not available, and the desired welding without additional filler materials to enable high processing speeds without direction restrictions. New possibilities of beam shaping for process control are also available now for high-power laser processing and they show promising results. The resulting complex effects require additional investigation to understand the mechanisms and the use of the technologies for process improvements. Therefore, in this work, advanced beam shaping optics with up to four separate laser beam spots was used to understand the impact of multiple-spot welding on the process dynamics and gap bridgability. Gap bridgability was measured by an opening gap setup, while spatter amounts as indicators of process dynamics were measured by high-speed imaging. It was shown that multiple-spot laser welding can increase the gap bridgability, probably due to the initiated melt flow toward the joining partners. Symmetric separation of the keyholes toward the sheets increased the gap bridgability, while additional low-intensity spots in the center were able to stabilize the melt pool and reduce spattering.
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| 32. |
- Letterstål, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing Faculties' Perceptions of Integrating Theory and Practice to Develop Professional Competence
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Education. - : SLACK, Inc.. - 0148-4834 .- 1938-2421. ; 61:5, s. 236-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nursing faculties??? perceptions influence nursing education. This article describes how nursing faculty perceive nursing students??? development of professional competence by integrating theory and practice, and by examining how this context influences this integration. Method: With a phenomenographic approach, interviews were conducted with nine participants and analyzed into qualitatively different categories of description. Results: The integration of theoretical and practical knowledge is perceived as a challenge or as naturally intertwined in the entire education, focusing mainly on individual prerequisites for learning. Perceptions of a common mission create coherence for students. Evident learning structures are needed, and there is a perceived discrepancy between nurses??? competence and expectations in health care. Conclusion: If the theory and practice gap could be perceived as a driving force for continuous learning, it could become an incentive for closer collaboration by creating structures for competence development that include individuals, teams, and organizations. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(5):236-241.]
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| 33. |
- Li, Doudou, et al.
(författare)
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes : an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:1, s. 230-243
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced from dietary nutrients. Many studies have discovered that circulating TMAO concentrations are linked to a wide range of health outcomes.Objectives: This study aimed to summarize health outcomes related to circulating TMAO concentrations.Methods: We searched the Embase. Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 15 February, 2022 to identify and update meta-analyses examining the associations between 'TAO and multiple health outcomes. For each health outcome, we estimated the summary effect size. 95% prediction CI. between-study heterogeneity. evidence of small-study effects, and evidence of excess-significance bias. These metrics were used to evaluate the evidence credibility of the identified associations.Results: This umbrella review identified 24 meta-analyses that investigated the association between circulating 'TAO concentrations and health outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer. and renal function. We updated these meta-analyses by including a total of 82 individual studies on 18 unique health outcomes. Among them, 14 associations were nominally significant. After evidence credibility assessment, we found 6 (33%) associations (i.e., all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, hypertension. DM, and glomerular filtration rate) to present highly suggestive evidence.Conclusions: TMAO might be a novel biomarker related to human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension. CVD, DM. cancer, and kidney function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether circulating 'MAO concentrations could be an intervention target for chronic disease.
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| 34. |
- Torsy, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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The accuracy of methods for determining the internal length of a nasogastric tube in adult patients : A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:3, s. 798-811
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Blind insertion of nasogastric tubes is performed for several reasons: Nutrition and medication administration, gastric aspiration/decompression, and other, diagnostic reasons. Accidental intraesophageal and intestinal placement is common, and increases the risk of serious complications. Therefore, accurate determination of the internal length of the nasogastric tube prior to placement is considered a prerequisite for achieving correct gastric positioning.OBJECTIVES: To identify, assess and summarize the evidence on the accuracy of methods for determining the internal length of a nasogastric tube in adults.METHODS: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched up to January 31, 2022. Studies were eligible when reporting data on the accuracy of methods for determining internal nasogastric tube length in adults. Study selection, risk-of-bias assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two investigators. Risk-of-bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross Sectional Studies. A narrative synthesis of the results was then conducted.RESULTS: Twelve papers were included in this review. All studies were observational, cross-sectional in nature, except for one RCT. Ten methods for determining the internal length of a nasogastric tube were described. Correctly positioned NG tubes ranged from 13% to 99%. Results showed that the nose-earlobe-xiphoid (NEX) distance + 10 cm (M = 59.9 - 60.7 cm) and (NEX x 0.38696) + 30.37 + 6 cm (M = 56.6 - 56.7 cm) could potentially result in accuracy as high as 97.4 and 99.0%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Current data do not provide conclusive evidence of 100% accuracy in finding a correctly placed nasogastric tube when using a method for determining the internal length. Blind placement, using any of the documented methods, cannot be considered safe without additional verification of tube tip positioning. Furthermore, using any of these ten methods does not reduce the risk of pulmonary intubation.
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| 35. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Homocysteine, folate, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease : a systematic review with meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization investigation
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:6, s. 1595-1609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Circulating levels of homocysteine and folate are inconsistently associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in observational studies.OBJECTIVE: We conducted a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine these associations.METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies identified from three databases to evaluate the associations of serum homocysteine and folate levels with NAFLD from inception to 07 April 2022. We conducted MR analyses to strengthen the causal inference in these associations. Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms without linkage disequilibrium (r2 <0.01) and strongly (P < 5×10-8) associated with serum homocysteine (n=13) and folate (n=2) concentrations were selected as instrumental variables from two meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 44,147 and 37,645 individuals of European ancestry, respectively. Data on NAFLD were obtained from a GWAS of 8,434 NAFLD cases and 770,180 controls of European ancestry. We further included four liver enzymes as secondary outcomes from GWAS of 361,194 individuals with European descent.RESULTS: Twenty-two observational studies comprising 30,368 participants were included in the meta-analysis. There was a positive association between serum homocysteine and NAFLD risk (n=20, odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57, 2.45) and an inverse association between serum folate and NAFLD risk (n=12, OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.99). In MR analysis, the OR of NAFLD was 1.17 (95% CI 1.01, 1.36) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.55, 1.02) per 1-SD increment of genetically predicted circulating levels of homocysteine and folate, respectively. Each 1-SD increase of genetically predicted circulating homocysteine and folate conferred a change in alanine aminotransferase levels of 0.62 (95% CI 0.20, 1.04) and -0.84 (95% CI -0.14, -1.54) U/L, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a potential role of circulating homocysteine and possibly folate in NAFLD, which calls for future clinical exploration of the possibility of lowering homocysteine levels to prevent NAFLD. Systematic review registration: registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42021296434.
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| 36. |
- Abatecola, Gianpaolo, et al.
(författare)
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How can biases affect entrepreneurial decision making? toward a behavioral approach to unicorns
- 2022
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 18:2, s. 693-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can cognitive biases affect the birth and evolution of entrepreneurial ventures? In Entrepreneurial Decision Making (EDM), this lively research question remains largely unaddressed when the world of Unicorns, as a per se entrepreneurial species, is considered. Thus, through this conceptual article, we aim to contribute toward knowledge creation in this context. We start by proposing a conceptual framework of Unicorns’ EDM based on a behavioral approach. Through three propositions, this novel framework advances how the birth, transition, and consolidation of a Unicorn may be explained by the sequentially intertwined occurrence of biases, from which establishment and legitimization eventually emerge. We complement the framework with examples from the social media industry and then discuss its main implications for theory and practice.
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| 37. |
- Akpan, Edifofon, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of universal iron supplementation and iron-containing micronutrient powders for anemia among young children in rural Bangladesh : analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:5, s. 1303-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Universal provision of iron supplements or iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) is widely used to prevent anemia in young children in low- and middle-income countries. The BRISC (Benefits and Risks of Iron Interventions in Children) trial compared iron supplements and MNPs with placebo in children <2 y old in rural Bangladesh. Objectives: We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of iron supplements or iron-containing MNPs among young children in rural Bangladesh. Methods: We did a cost-effectiveness analysis of MNPs and iron supplements using the BRISC trial outcomes and resource use data, and programmatic data from the literature. Health care costs were assessed from a health system perspective. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in terms of US$ per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. To explore uncertainty, we constructed cost-effectiveness acceptability curves using bootstrapped data over a range of cost-effectiveness thresholds. One- and 2-way sensitivity analyses tested the impact of varying key parameter values on our results. Results: Provision of MNPs was estimated to avert 0.0031 (95% CI: 0.0022, 0.0041) DALYs/child, whereas iron supplements averted 0.0039 (95% CI: 0.0030, 0.0048) DALYs/child, over 1 y compared with no intervention. Incremental mean costs were $0.75 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.77) for MNPs compared with no intervention and $0.64 ($0.62, $0.67) for iron supplements compared with no intervention. Iron supplementation dominated MNPs because it was cheaper and averted more DALYs. Iron supplementation had an ICER of $1645 ($1333, $2153) per DALY averted compared with no intervention, and had a 0% probability of being the optimal strategy at cost-effectiveness thresholds of $200 (reflecting health opportunity costs in Bangladesh) and $985 [half of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita] per DALY averted. Scenario and sensitivity analyses supported the base case findings. Conclusions: These findings do not support universal iron supplementation or micronutrient powders as a cost-effective intervention for young children in rural Bangladesh.
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| 38. |
- Aminizadeh, M, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital Preparedness Challenges in Biological Disasters: A Qualitative Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1938-744X .- 1935-7893. ; 16:3, s. 956-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Identification of hospital preparedness challenges against biological events such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential to improve dynamics, quality, and business continuity confidence in the health system. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the challenges of hospital preparedness in biological events.Methods:This study used a qualitative method using content analysis in which 20 health-care managers and experts who are experienced in biological events were selected through purposeful sampling. The data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, which continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis as well as the Landman and Graneheim Approach.Results:Six main concepts (training and practice, resource management, safety and health, patient management, risk communication, and laboratory and surveillance) and 14 subconcepts were extracted on hospital preparedness challenges in biological events through analyzing interviews.Conclusions:The present study indicated that the health system of the country faces many challenges in response to biological events and threats. Moreover, study participants indicated that Iranian hospitals were not prepared for biological events. It is recommended to design preparedness plans of hospitals based on preparedness standards for biological events. In addition, comprehensive measures are required to enhance their capacity to respond to biological emergencies.
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| 39. |
- Aronsson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability in Clinical Practice : A Cross-National Comparative Study of Nursing Students in England and Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Education. - : SLACK, Inc.. - 0148-4834 .- 1938-2421. ; 61:7, s. 390-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Delivering health care negatively influ-ences the environment and contributes to climate change. This study examined how nursing students in England and Sweden can make changes in clinical practice to enhance environmental sustainability. Method: Third-year under-graduate nursing students at English and Swedish universities responded to open-ended questions on the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Students in both countries identified lack of confidence as the main barrier to challenging unsustainable practice, followed by a resistance to change in practice. English students predominantly changed their own behavior or influenced the practice of others. Swedish students either changed their own behavior or their own attitudes to sustainability. Conclusion:There is a need to ensure students have confidence to act as change agents to enhance sustainable practice in the clinical environment.
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| 40. |
- Bienfang, J. C., et al.
(författare)
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Materials, devices, and systems for high-speed single-photon counting
- 2022
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Ingår i: MRS bulletin. - : Springer Nature. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 47:5, s. 494-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical communications and high-speed optoelectronics are enabling technologies for modern information networks. Driven by the need for improved bandwidth, high efficiency, and low noise, advances over the last decades have led to high-performance photodetectors operating at the quantum limit. In particular, single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) provide excellent performance in terms of high detection efficiency and low noise. In this article, we highlight materials challenges in these detectors and review recent progress on devices, and systems for high-count-rate single-photon counting with SPADs and SNSPDs. Device configurations specifically designed for high-speed optoelectronics are discussed, including active detector readout schemes. Advantages and tradeoffs of the different device technologies are summarized and compared, providing an outlook on future prospects for performance optimization and emerging applications.
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| 41. |
- Blackburn, Matthew, Dr., et al.
(författare)
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Parade, plebiscite, pandemic : legitimation efforts in Putin’s fourth term
- 2022
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Ingår i: Post-Soviet Affairs. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1060-586X .- 1938-2855. ; 38:4, s. 293-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Putin’s fourth term as president (2018–2024) has involved new challenges for Russia’s hybrid regime. COVID-19 hit the Kremlin at a sensitive time, when the old institutional forces had been demounted and new arrangements, including extensive constitutional changes, had yet to become cemented. There is an emerging gulf between state rhetoric, PR events, and patriotic performances, on the one hand, and economic chaos, social disorder and dysfunctional state capacity, on the other, which is likely to reduce system legitimacy and cause increased reliance on repressive methods. This article examines Kremlin legitimation efforts across Beetham’s three dimensions: rules, beliefs, and actions. We argue that the regime’s legitimation efforts in 2020–21 have failed to reverse emerging cleavages in public opinion since 2018. Increased reliance on repression and manipulation in this period, combined with the contrast between regime promises and observable realities on the ground, speak not of strength, but of the Kremlin’s increased weakness and embattlement.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Burkle, Frederick M., et al.
(författare)
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Bastardizing Peacekeeping and the Birth of Hybrid Warfare
- 2022
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Ingår i: Prehospital and disaster medicine. - 1945-1938. ; 37:2, s. 147-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping is the largest and most visible representation of the UN. It represents a collective investment in global peace, security, and stability. Peacekeepers protect civilians, actively prevent conflict, reduce violence, strengthen security, and empower national authorities to assume these responsibilities. Peacekeepers are not an enforcement tool but are highly regarded as an effective instrument for preventing resumption of civil war.
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| 44. |
- Butt, Talha, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Computed Tomography Angiography and Local Thrombolysis for Acute Lower Limb Ischemia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : SAGE Publications. - 1538-5744 .- 1938-9116. ; 56:2, s. 151-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repetitive iodinated contrast media exposure may be harmful for the kidneys. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing CT angiography (CTA) and local continuous thrombolysis for acute lower limb ischemia (ALI) had an increased risk of developing contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) compared to patients without DM. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients undergoing CTA and local continuous thrombolysis due to ALI between 2001 and 2018. CA-AKI was defined as a 25% increase in serum creatinine within 72 hours after latest contrast administration. Results: There was no difference (P =.30) in the frequency of CA-AKI between patients with (27.9%; n = 43) and without DM (20.6%; n = 170). Among patients with CA-AKI, patients with DM had a lower (P <.001) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at discharge (55 ml/min/1.73 m2) than at admission (70 ml/min/1.73 m2), while no such difference was found in the group without DM (P =.20). The gram-iodine dose/eGFR ratio was higher (P <.001) in patients with CA-AKI (median 1.49, [IQR 1.34-1.81]) than in those who did not develop CA-AKI (median 1.05 [IQR 1.00-1.13]). There was a trend that gram-iodine dose/eGFR ratio (OR 1.42/standard deviation increment, 95% CI 1.00-2.02; P =.050) was associated with an increased risk of CA-AKI, after adjusting for DM, age, and gender. Conclusions: The frequency of CA-AKI was high after CTA and local continuous thrombolysis for ALI without shown increased frequency for the DM group. Among patients with CA-AKI, however, patients with DM had worse renal function at discharge than those without DM. The gram-iodine dose/eGFR ratio in these patients needs to be lower to improve renal outcomes, particularly in patients with DM.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Callahan, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the safety of bioactive ingredients in infant formula that affect the immune system : recommendations from an expert panel
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 115:2, s. 570-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioactive ingredients for infant formula have been sought to reduce disparities in health outcomes between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Traditional food safety methodologies have limited ability to assess some bioactive ingredients. It is difficult to assess the effects of nutrition on the infant immune system because of coincident developmental adaptations to birth, establishment of the microbiome and introduction to solid foods, and perinatal environmental factors. An expert panel was convened to review information on immune system development published since the 2004 Institute of Medicine report on evaluating the safety of new infant formula ingredients and to recommend measurements that demonstrate the safety of bioactive ingredients intended for that use. Panel members participated in a 2-d virtual symposium in November 2020 and in follow-up discussions throughout early 2021. Key topics included identification of immune system endpoints from nutritional intervention studies, effects of human milk feeding and human milk substances on infant health outcomes, ontologic development of the infant immune system, and microbial influences on tolerance. The panel explored how "nonnormal" conditions such as preterm birth, allergy, and genetic disorders could help define developmental immune markers for healthy term infants. With consideration of breastfed infants as a reference, ensuring proper control groups, and attention to numerous potential confounders, the panel recommended a set of standard clinical endpoints including growth, response to vaccination, infection and other adverse effects related to inflammation, and allergy and atopic diseases. It compiled a set of candidate markers to characterize stereotypical patterns of immune system development during infancy, but absence of reference ranges, variability in methods and populations, and unreliability of individual markers to predict disease prevented the panel from including many markers as safety endpoints. The panel's findings and recommendations are applicable for industry, regulatory, and academic settings, and will inform safety assessments for immunomodulatory ingredients in foods besides infant formula.
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| 47. |
- Cameron, Fiona, et al.
(författare)
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Homecoming-Dignity Through Movement at the End of Life : A Qualitative Interview Study With Healthcare Professionals
- 2022
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Ingår i: The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-9091 .- 1938-2715. ; 39:1, s. 39-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe healthcare professionals' and volunteers' experiences of a pathway for movement on a hospice ward.Method: This was a qualitative study with an inductive approach. Data were collected in a hospice setting through 4 focus group interviews with healthcare professionals and volunteers (n = 12). The focus group participants varied in age, profession, and length of experience in palliative care. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Results: Dignity through movement at the end of life was the main theme, complemented by 4 sub-themes. Two descriptive sub-themes: "A practical tool to facilitate physical activity" and "Companionship and goals give meaning to the day," and 2 interpretative sub-themes: "Regaining control and having a choice" and "Feeling normal and alive" based on participants' views of patient experiences.Significance of results: Indications are that the pathway for movement addresses a wide range of experiences related to different aspects of being human in a difficult situation. Experiences of movement and physical activity can promote wellbeing, dignity, and a sense of feeling "at home" for patients within hospice care. The pathway for movement is simple to set up, offers access to appropriate physical activity and seems to benefit patients both in the early and later phases of palliative care.
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| 48. |
- Casado-Bedmar, Maite, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated F-EDN correlates with mucosal eosinophil degranulation in patients with IBS : A possible association with microbiota?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - : Alan R. Liss Inc.. - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 111:3, s. 655-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eosinophils have been linked to functional dyspepsia; however, less is known about their role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study tested the hypothesis of alterations in levels of fecal eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (F-EDN) and eosinophil density and degranulation within the colonic mucosa of IBS patients compared with healthy controls (HC). Colonic biopsies were collected from 37 IBS patients and 20 HC and analyzed for eosinophil numbers and local degranulation of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) by histologic procedures. Fecal samples were collected for F-EDN and microbiota analysis. Differentiated 15HL-60 cells were used in vitro to investigate the direct effect of live bacteria on eosinophil activation measured by a colorimetric assay with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) substrate. We observed a higher number of eosinophils and increased extracellular ECP in the mucosa of IBS patients compared with HC. Moreover, F-EDN levels in IBS samples were elevated compared with HC and positively correlated to extracellular ECP. Metagenomic analysis showed significant correlations between bacterial composition and eosinophil measurements in both HC and IBS patients. In vitro experiments revealed an increased degranulation of 15HL-60 after stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica. To conclude, we could demonstrate alterations related to eosinophils in IBS, and, for the first time, a positive correlation between F-EDN levels and degranulated eosinophils in the colonic mucosa of IBS patients. Together our results suggest that eosinophils play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS and the mechanisms might be linked to an altered microbiota.
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| 49. |
- Dai, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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The association between TMAO, CMPF, and clinical outcomes in advanced chronic kidney disease : results from the European QUALity (EQUAL) Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:6, s. 1842-1851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite from red meat and fish consumption, plays a role in promoting cardiovascular events. However, data regarding TMAO and its impact on clinical outcomes are inconclusive, possibly due to its undetermined dietary source.Objectives: We hypothesized that circulating TMAO derived from fish intake might cause less harm compared with red meat sources by examining the concomitant level of 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF), a known biomarker of fish intake, and investigated the association between TMAO, CMPF, and outcomes.Methods: Patients were recruited from the European QUALity (EQUAL) Study on treatment in advanced chronic kidney disease among individuals aged ≥65 y whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) had dropped for the first time to ≤20 mL/min per 1.73 m2 during the last 6 mo. The association between TMAO, CMPF, and outcomes including all-cause mortality and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) was assessed among 737 patients. Patients were further stratified by median cutoffs of TMAO and CMPF, suggesting high/low red meat and fish intake.Results: During a median of 39 mo of follow-up, 232 patients died. Higher TMAO was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (multivariable HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.83). Higher CMPF was associated with a reduced risk of both all-cause mortality (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.89) and KRT (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.90), independently of TMAO and other clinically relevant confounders. In comparison to patients with low TMAO and CMPF, patients with low TMAO and high CMPF had reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.73), whereas those with high TMAO and high CMPF showed no association across adjusted models.Conclusions: High CMPF conferred an independent role in health benefits and might even counteract the unfavorable association between TMAO and outcomes. Whether higher circulating CMPF concentrations are due to fish consumption, and/or if CMPF is a protective factor, remains to be verified.
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| 50. |
- Davies, Neil S., et al.
(författare)
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Wood jams or beaver dams? : pliocene life, sediment and landscape interactions in the Canadian High Arctic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Palaios. - : Society for Sedimentary Geology. - 0883-1351 .- 1938-5323. ; 37:6, s. 330-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the mid-Pliocene (Zanclean, ca. ∼ 3.9 Ma), parts of the Canadian High Arctic experienced mean annual temperatures that were 14–22°C warmer than today and supported diverse boreal-type forests. The landscapes of this vegetated polar region left behind a fragmented sedimentary record that crops out across several islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago as the Beaufort Formation and correlative strata. Paleoecological information from these strata provides a high-fidelity window onto Pliocene environments, and prominent fossil sites yield unparalleled insights into Cenozoic mammal evolution. Significantly, many of the strata reveal evidence for life-sediment interactions in a warm-climate Arctic, most notably in the form of extensive woody debris and phytoclast deposits. This paper presents original field data that refines the sedimentological context of plant debris accumulations from the anactualistic High Arctic forests, most notably at the ‘Fyles Leaf Beds' and ‘Beaver Pond' fossil-bearing sites in the ‘high terrace deposits' of central Ellesmere Island. The former is a remarkably well-preserved, leaf-rich deposit that is part of a complex of facies associations representing lacustrine, fluvio-deltaic and mire deposition above a paleotopographic unconformity. The latter yields tooth-marked woody debris within a peat layer that also contains a rich assemblage of vertebrate and plant fossils including abundant remains from the extinct beaver-group Dipoides. Here we present sedimentological data that provide circumstantial evidence that the woody debris deposit at Beaver Pond could record dam-building in the genus, by comparing the facies motif with new data from known Holocene beaver dam facies in England. Across the Pliocene of the High Arctic region, woody debris accumulations are shown to represent an array of biosedimentary deposits and landforms including mires, driftcretions, woody bedforms, and possible beaver dams, which help to contextualize mammal fossil sites, provide facies models for high-latitude forests, and reveal interactions between life and sedimentation in a vanished world that may be an analogue to that of the near-future.
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