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Sökning: L773:2046 2069 > (2015-2019)

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1.
  • Adam, Rania Elhadi, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Graphene-based plasmonic nanocomposites for highly enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic activities
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - Cambridge : Royal Meteorological Society. - 2046-2069. ; 9:52, s. 30585-30598
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High-efficiency photocatalysts are crucial for the removal of organic pollutants and environmental sustainability. In the present work, we report on a new low-temperature hydrothermal chemical method, assisted by ultrasonication, to synthesize disruptive plasmonic ZnO/graphene/Ag/AgI nanocomposites for solar-driven photocatalysis. The plasmonic nanocomposites were investigated by a wide range of characterization techniques, confirming successful formation of photocatalysts with excellent degradation efficiency. Using Congo red as a model dye molecule, our experimental results demonstrated a photocatalytic reactivity exceeding 90% efficiency after one hour simulated solar irradiation. The significantly enhanced degradation efficiency is attributed to improved electronic properties of the nanocomposites by hybridization of the graphene and to the addition of Ag/AgI which generates a strong surface plasmon resonance effect in the metallic silver further improving the photocatalytic activity and stability under solar irradiation. Scavenger experiments suggest that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the photodegradation of Congo red. Our findings are important for the fundamental understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism of ZnO/graphene/Ag/AgI nanocomposites and can lead to further development of novel efficient photocatalyst materials.
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2.
  • Adam, Rania E., et al. (författare)
  • Graphene-based plasmonic nanocomposites for highly enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic activities
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 9:52, s. 30585-30598
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High-efficiency photocatalysts are crucial for the removal of organic pollutants and environmental sustainability. In the present work, we report on a new low-temperature hydrothermal chemical method, assisted by ultrasonication, to synthesize disruptive plasmonic ZnO/graphene/Ag/AgI nanocomposites for solar-driven photocatalysis. The plasmonic nanocomposites were investigated by a wide range of characterization techniques, confirming successful formation of photocatalysts with excellent degradation efficiency. Using Congo red as a model dye molecule, our experimental results demonstrated a photocatalytic reactivity exceeding 90% efficiency after one hour simulated solar irradiation. The significantly enhanced degradation efficiency is attributed to improved electronic properties of the nanocomposites by hybridization of the graphene and to the addition of Ag/AgI which generates a strong surface plasmon resonance effect in the metallic silver further improving the photocatalytic activity and stability under solar irradiation. Scavenger experiments suggest that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the photodegradation of Congo red. Our findings are important for the fundamental understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism of ZnO/graphene/Ag/AgI nanocomposites and can lead to further development of novel efficient photocatalyst materials.
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3.
  • Adolfsson, Karin H., et al. (författare)
  • Valorization of cellulose and waste paper to graphene oxide quantum dots
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:34, s. 26550-26558
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biobased graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQD) were derived from cellulose via carbon nanospheres (CN) as intermediate products. Solid CN were synthesized from cellulose through microwave-assisted hydrothermal degradation of alpha-cellulose with H2SO4 as a catalyst at 160 degrees C. The obtained CN were further utilized for the synthesis of GOQD by a two-step reaction including 30 minutes of sonication followed by heating at 90 degrees C under O-rich acidic conditions (HNO3). This process broke down the 3D CN to 2D GOQD. The size of the synthesized GOQD was controlled by the heating time, reaching a dot diameter of 3.3 nm and 1.2 nm after 30 and 60 minutes of heating, respectively. The synthesis process and products were characterized by multiple analytical techniques including FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, BET, DLS and AFM. Interesting optical properties in aqueous solutions were demonstrated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally we demonstrated that corresponding GOQD can be synthesized from waste paper. This production route thus uses renewable and cheap starting materials and relatively mild synthesis procedures leads to instant nanometric production of 2D dots. In addition it enables recycling of low quality waste to value-added products.
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4.
  • Ahlgren, Sara, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • EGF-targeting lipodisks for specific delivery of poorly water-soluble anticancer agents to tumour cells
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 7:36, s. 22178-22186
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Concerns regarding poor aqueous solubility, high toxicity and lack of specificity impede the translation of many hydrophobic anticancer agents into safe and effective anticancer drugs. The application of colloidal drug delivery systems, and in particular the use of lipid-based nanocarriers, has been identified as a promising means to overcome these issues. PEG-stabilized lipid nanodisks (lipodisks) have lately emerged as a novel type of biocompatible, nontoxic and adaptable drug nanocarrier. In this study we have explored the potential of lipodisks as a platform for formulation and tumour targeted delivery of hydrophobic anticancer agents. Using curcumin as a model compound, we show that lipodisks can be loaded with substantial amounts of hydrophobic drugs (curcumin/lipid molar ratio 0.15). We demonstrate moreover that by deliberate choice of preparation protocols the lipodisks can be provided with relevant amounts of targeting proteins, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). Data from in vitro cell studies verify that such EGF-decorated curcumin-loaded lipodisks are capable of EGF-receptor specific targeting of human A-431 tumour cells, and strongly suggest that the interaction between the lipodisks and the tumour cells results in receptor-mediated internalization of the disks and their cargo.
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5.
  • Ahlinder, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Graphene oxide nanoparticle attachment and its toxicity on living lung epithelial cells
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 5:73, s. 59447-59457
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since its discovery, graphene and its oxidized form, graphene oxide (GO), have attracted interest in a wide range of technical applications. Concerns about their potential toxicity calls for scrutinized studies, but hitherto conflicting results have been reported which partly may be due to variations of synthesis and exposure procedures. Here we report on the attachment and toxicity of contamination-free graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONP) in living lung epithelial cells. The synthesis of chemically pure GONP was made by an improvement of the Hummer's method based on graphene exfoliated from graphite using high-intensity ultrasonication, resulting in two dimensional sheets with a lateral dimension in the range 200 nm to 3 mu m and thickness of 0.9 nm. Confocal Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used to study the interaction of GONP and living cells. It is shown that overlapping Raman bands due to GONPs and biomolecules in the cells can clearly be separated with this approach. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to compare spectral data collected from cells exposed to GONP with spectral data collected from non-exposed control cells, and spectral data from cells exposed to a surfactant known to induce apoptosis. Our analyses show that GONP readily attach to the cells, forming sheets which cover a large fraction of the cell surfaces, and induce small chemical changes. In particular, chemical modifications of proteins and lipids in lung epithelial cells are inferred. GONPs do not, however, decrease cell viability. In contrast, enhanced cell proliferation is observed. Our results shed new light on the interactions of GO, and in contrast to some previous reports, suggest that GO is not toxic. The hyperspectral Raman spectroscopy analysis employed here should be applicable for other fields in nanomedicine as a label-free non-perturbing analytical method.
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6.
  • Akan, Rabia, et al. (författare)
  • Reaction control of metal-assisted chemical etching for silicon-based zone plate nanostructures
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 8:23, s. 12628-12634
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) reaction parameters were investigated for the fabrication of specially designed silicon-based X-ray zone plate nanostructures using a gold catalyst pattern and etching solutions composed of HF and H2O2. Etching depth, zone verticality and zone roughness were studied as a function of etching solution composition, temperature and processing time. Homogeneous, vertical etching with increasing depth is observed at increasing H2O2 concentrations and elevated processing temperatures, implying a balance in the hole injection and silica dissolution kinetics at the gold-silicon interface. The etching depth decreases and zone roughness increases at the highest investigated H2O2 concentration and temperature. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed based on reaction chemistry and zone plate design. Optimum MACE conditions are found at HFH2O2 concentrations of 4.7 M:0.68 M and room temperature with an etching rate of ≈0.7 μm min-1, which is about an order of magnitude higher than previous reports. Moreover, our results show that a grid catalyst design is important for successful fabrication of vertical high aspect ratio silicon nanostructures. 
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7.
  • Alanis, Andrés, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma surface-modification of cellulose nanocrystals : a green alternative towards mechanical reinforcement of ABS
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 9:30, s. 17417-17424
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article proposes a strategy to functionalize cellulose nanocrystals by means of plasma-surface modification utilizing monomers of different nature: caprolactone, styrene and farnesene. The surface characteristics of the nanocrystals were studied by different techniques including XPS, FTIR and STEM, demonstrating that this technique allows a successful functionalization, yielding homogenous functionalization which does not alter the rod-like shape of the nanocrystals, and therefore their anisotropic behavior. We have furthermore studied the employment of the modified nanocrystals as reinforcement additive of ABS, which significantly enhanced the impact resistance of the thermoplastic, which could have great implications for industrial applications.
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8.
  • Ali Soomro, Razium, et al. (författare)
  • A highly selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of melamine based on succinic acid functionalized copper oxide nanostructures
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2046-2069. ; 5:127, s. 105090-105097
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study presents the development of a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of melamine from aqueous environments. The sensor system is based on functionalised marigold-like CuO nanostructures fabricated using a controlled hydrothermal process, where the utilised succinic acid is considered to play a dual role as a functionalising and growth controlling agent (modifier). The fabricated nanostructures exhibit sharp and well-ordered structural features with dimensions (thickness) in the range of 10-50 nm. The sensor system exhibits strong linearity within the concentration range of 0.1 x 10(-9) to 5.6 x 10(-9) M and demonstrates an excellent limit of detection up to 0.1 x 10(-10) M. The extreme selectivity and sensing capability of the developed sensor is attributed to the synergy of selective interaction between succinic acid and melamine moieties, and the high surface area of marigold-like CuO nanostructures. In addition to this, the developed sensor was also utilised for the determination of melamine from real milk samples collected from different regions of Hyderabad, Pakistan. The obtained excellent recoveries proved the feasibility of the sensor for real life applications. The sensor system offers an operative measure for detecting extremely low melamine content with high selectivity in food contents.
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9.
  • Amin, Sidra, et al. (författare)
  • A practical non-enzymatic urea sensor based on NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 9:25, s. 14443-14451
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We propose a new facile electrochemical sensing platform for determination of urea, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo 2 O 4 ) nanoneedles. These nanoneedles are used for the first time for highly sensitive determination of urea with the lowest detection limit (1 μM) ever reported for the non-enzymatic approach. The nanoneedles were grown through a simple and low-temperature aqueous chemical method. We characterized the structural and morphological properties of the NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles by TEM, SEM, XPS and XRD. The bimetallic nickel cobalt oxide exhibits nanoneedle morphology, which results from the self-assembly of nanoparticles. The NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedles are exclusively composed of Ni, Co, and O and exhibit a cubic crystalline phase. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the enhanced electrochemical properties of a NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedle-modified GCE by overcoming the typical poor conductivity of bare NiO and Co 3 O 4 . The GCE-modified electrode is highly sensitive towards urea, with a linear response (R 2 = 0.99) over the concentration range 0.01-5 mM and with a detection limit of 1.0 μM. The proposed non-enzymatic urea sensor is highly selective even in the presence of common interferents such as glucose, uric acid, and ascorbic acid. This new urea sensor has good viability for urea analysis in urine samples and can represent a significant advancement in the field, owing to the simple and cost-effective fabrication of electrodes, which can be used as a promising analytical tool for urea estimation.
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10.
  • Amin, Sidra, et al. (författare)
  • A practical non-enzymatic urea sensor based on NiCo2O4 nanoneedles
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 9:25, s. 14443-14451
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We propose a new facile electrochemical sensing platform for determination of urea, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) nanoneedles. These nanoneedles are used for the first time for highly sensitive determination of urea with the lowest detection limit (1 mu M) ever reported for the non-enzymatic approach. The nanoneedles were grown through a simple and low-temperature aqueous chemical method. We characterized the structural and morphological properties of the NiCo2O4 nanoneedles by TEM, SEM, XPS and XRD. The bimetallic nickel cobalt oxide exhibits nanoneedle morphology, which results from the self-assembly of nanoparticles. The NiCo2O4 nanoneedles are exclusively composed of Ni, Co, and O and exhibit a cubic crystalline phase. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the enhanced electrochemical properties of a NiCo2O4 nanoneedle-modified GCE by overcoming the typical poor conductivity of bare NiO and Co3O4. The GCE-modified electrode is highly sensitive towards urea, with a linear response (R-2 = 0.99) over the concentration range 0.01-5 mM and with a detection limit of 1.0 mu M. The proposed non-enzymatic urea sensor is highly selective even in the presence of common interferents such as glucose, uric acid, and ascorbic acid. This new urea sensor has good viability for urea analysis in urine samples and can represent a significant advancement in the field, owing to the simple and cost-effective fabrication of electrodes, which can be used as a promising analytical tool for urea estimation.
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11.
  • Amin, Sidra, et al. (författare)
  • A practical non-enzymatic urea sensor based on NiCo2O4 nanoneedles
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 9:25, s. 14443-14451
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We propose a new facile electrochemical sensing platform for determination of urea, based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) nanoneedles. These nanoneedles are used for the first time for highly sensitive determination of urea with the lowest detection limit (1 μM) ever reported for the non-enzymatic approach. The nanoneedles were grown through a simple and low-temperature aqueous chemical method. We characterized the structural and morphological properties of the NiCo2O4 nanoneedles by TEM, SEM, XPS and XRD. The bimetallic nickel cobalt oxide exhibits nanoneedle morphology, which results from the self-assembly of nanoparticles. The NiCo2O4 nanoneedles are exclusively composed of Ni, Co, and O and exhibit a cubic crystalline phase. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the enhanced electrochemical properties of a NiCo2O4 nanoneedle-modified GCE by overcoming the typical poor conductivity of bare NiO and Co3O4. The GCE-modified electrode is highly sensitive towards urea, with a linear response (R2 = 0.99) over the concentration range 0.01–5 mM and with a detection limit of 1.0 μM. The proposed non-enzymatic urea sensor is highly selective even in the presence of common interferents such as glucose, uric acid, and ascorbic acid. This new urea sensor has good viability for urea analysis in urine samples and can represent a significant advancement in the field, owing to the simple and cost-effective fabrication of electrodes, which can be used as a promising analytical tool for urea estimation.
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12.
  • Andersson, Richard, et al. (författare)
  • Superparamagnetic [sic] nanofibers by electrospinning
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:26, s. 21413-21422
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The preparation of superparamagnetic thin fibers by electrospinning dispersions of nanosized magnetite (Fe3O4, SPIO/USPIO) in a PMMA/PEO polymer solution is reported. The saturation magnetization and coercivity were not affected by the concentration (0, 1, 10, 20 wt%) or fiber orientation, showing hysteresis loops with high magnetization (64 A m(2) kg(-1) @ 500 kA m(-1)) and record low coercivity (20 A m(-1)). AC susceptibility measurements vs. temperature at frequencies from 60 to 2 kHz confirmed superparamagnetism. The mechanical properties were only slightly dependent on the particle concentration because the nanoparticles were separately encapsulated by the polymer. A uniform fibre fracture cross section was found at all the investigated particle contents, which suggests a strong interaction at the polymer/particle interface. A theoretical value of the magnetic low field susceptibility was calculated from the Langevin function and compared with measured values. The results show a distinct but concentration-independent anisotropy, favoring magnetization along the fiber orientation with no sign of exchange interaction, explained by complete nanoparticle separation. Superparamagnetism cannot be inferred from particle size alone, so a relevant interpretation and criterion for superparamagnetism is presented, in accordance with Neel's original definition. From the measurements, it can be concluded that magnetic characterization can be used to elucidate the material morphology beyond the resolution of available microscopy techniques (TEM and SEM).
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13.
  • Angelico, R., et al. (författare)
  • Flow-induced structures observed in a viscoelastic reverse wormlike micellar system by magnetic resonance imaging and NMR velocimetry
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:40, s. 33339-33347
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present work is to illustrate and discuss an application of rheo-NMR techniques in the investigation of the flow micro-morphology of a rheo-thinning fluid. The viscoelastic material is composed by weakly hydrated nonionic Wormlike Micelles (WM), stabilized by the biocompatible phospholipid in an organic solvent (lecithin organogel). By applying rheo-NMR techniques, such as micro-imaging and flow velocimetry in Couette flow, to lecithin organogels in the concentrated isotropic phase, a new phase nucleating inhomogeneously at the inner rotating cylinder showing periodic fluctuations in space in some cases, has been identified for applied shear rates within the isotropic-nematic stress plateau. On the other hand, evident slippage phenomena have been found in flow regimes consistent with a full shear-induced nematic state. Bulk rheometric investigations executed in oscillatory, steady state and transient mode have been finally carried out to bridge different flow micro-heterogeneities detected by rheo-NMR with a variety of mechanical responses manifested by lecithin WM.
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14.
  • Antosiewicz, Tomasz, 1981, et al. (författare)
  • Optical enhancement of plasmonic activity of catalytic metal nanoparticles
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:9, s. 6378-6384
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Noble metals have recently been shown to drive direct photocatalytic reactions in which they both provide hot electrons via the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the catalytically active site. Catalytic reactions are also possible on other metals such as platinum or rhodium which, however, exhibit rather poor plasmonic properties (low field enhancements, low resonance quality factors) and their LSPR for nanometer sized particles occurs in the UV, an unfavourable effect when considering sunlight as a photon source. By coupling the LSPR response of catalytic metal nanoparticles to that of a silver nanoparticle we can excite a hybridized resonance that matches the spectral characteristic of the light source and light absorption in the catalytic metal is enhanced by up to one order of magnitude. This is shown for a number of catalytic metals and is further discussed for model Drude and Drude-Lorentz materials. These results provide guidelines for designing catalytic metal nanostructures which absorb the solar spectrum very efficiently.
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15.
  • Arain, Munazza, et al. (författare)
  • Simpler and highly sensitive enzyme-free sensing of urea via NiO nanostructures modified electrode
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 6:45, s. 39001-39006
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, NiO nanostructures were synthesized via a hydrothermal process using ascorbic acid as doping agent in the presence of ammonia. As prepared nanostructures were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These analyses showed that these nanostructures are in the form of cotton-like porous material and crystalline in nature. Furthermore, the average size of these NiO crystallites was estimated to be 3.8 nm. These nanostructures were investigated for their potential to be a highly sensitive and selective enzyme-free sensor for detection of urea after immobilizing on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using 0.1% Nafion as binder. The response of this as developed amperometric sensor was linear in the range of 100-1100 mu M urea with a R-2 value of 0.990 and limit of detection (LOD) of 10 mu M. The sensor responded negligibly to various interfering species including glucose, uric acid, and ascorbic acid. This sensor was applied successfully for determining urea in real water samples such as mineral water, tap water, and river water with acceptable recovery.
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16.
  • Asad Ayoubi, Mehran, et al. (författare)
  • Self-assembly of block copolymer-based ionic supramolecules based upon multi-tail amphiphiles
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:39, s. 31091-31103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Utilising simple acid-base titration chemistry, a new family of Linear-b-Amphiphilic Comb (L-b-AC) ionic supramolecules [Soft Matter 2013, 9, 1540-1555] featuring multi-tail side-chains have been synthesized and examined by synchrotron SAXS. To three different parent diblock copolymers of poly(styrene)-b-poly( methacrylic acid) PS-b-PMAA multi-tail ammonium side-chains of (C8)(2)-, (C8)(4) -or (C12)(2)-type were attached at various side-chain grafting densities (X), making it possible to separate effects of the details of the AC-block architecture from effects of the overall volume fraction of the AC block. The micro-segregated morphologies of these systems include AC-block filled spherical microdomains in a liquid-like state (SPHLL), AC-block filled hexagonally-packed cylinders (CYL), alternating lamellar microlayers of AC- and L-blocks (LAM) and L-block filled hexagonally-packed cylinders (CYL*). For systems with the same parent diblock copolymer that also carry a constant volume fraction of AC-blocks, an increase in the side-chain length (l(sc)) and/or in the number of alkyl tails at a side-chain branch point (m) result in a microdomain morphology that is either unchanged or changed into one with a less curved interface. For lamellae-forming L-b-AC ionic supramolecules made up of the same parent diblock copolymer, a body of experimental data showing small variations in the repeat distance of the LAM micro-segregated structure (d(LAM)) could be obtained by making appropriate combinations of X, lsc and m. For such lamellae-forming L-b-AC ionic supramolecules, the average of d(LAM) values decreases when l(sc) and/or m increase. For systems with (C12)(2)-type side-chains, the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter between L-and AC-blocks chi'(C12)(2)/X was determined at various side-chain grafting densities and it was observed that chi'(C12)(2)/X increases when X is increased.
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17.
  • Assarsson, A., et al. (författare)
  • Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the interactions between human carbonic anhydrase variants and polystyrene nanoparticles of different size
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:42, s. 35868-35874
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The activity and adsorption of three variants of human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) with similar topology but variation in charge and stability were studied in the presence of carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoparticles of different sizes ranging from 25 nm to 114 nm. The balance of forces driving the adsorption of carbonic anhydrase variants is affected by the physicochemical properties of the protein and the nanoparticle size. All enzymes are totally inhibited upon adsorption due to the transition towards a molten globule like state that lacks enzymatic activity. The size of the particle affects the adsorption of human carbonic anhydrase I and N-terminal truncated human carbonic anhydrase II. Investigations on pH effects indicate that the size of the particle modulates the lateral interactions at the protein layer for these particular variants whose adsorption is mainly driven by electrostatic forces. A third variant, human carbonic anhydrase II, instead shows no strong influence of nanoparticle size which supports an adsorption process mainly driven by the hydrophobic effect.
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18.
  • Attard, Thohmas. M., et al. (författare)
  • Supercritical extraction as an effective first-step in a maize stover biorefinery
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 5:54, s. 43831-43838
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) has been investigated for the generation of valuable waxy compounds and as an added-value technology in a holistic maize stover biorefinery. ScCO2 extraction and fractionation was carried out prior to hydrolysis and fermentation of maize stover. Fractionation of the crude extracts by scCO2 resulted in wax extracts having different compositions and melting temperatures, enabling their utilisation in different applications. One such fraction demonstrated significant potential as a renewable defoaming agent in washing machine detergent formulations. Furthermore, scCO2 extraction has been shown to have a positive effect on the downstream processing of the maize stover. Fermentation of the scCO2 extracted maize stover hydrolysates exhibited a higher glucose consumption and greater potential growth for surfactant (in comparison with non-scCO2 treated stover) axnd ethanol production (a 40% increase in overall ethanol production after scCO2 pre-treatment). This work represents an important development in the extraction of high value components from low value wastes and demonstrates the benefits of using scCO2 extraction as a first-step in biomass processing, including enhancing downstream processing of the biomass for the production of 2nd generation biofuels as part of an integrated holistic biorefinery.
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19.
  • Avaz, S., et al. (författare)
  • Graphene based nanosensor for aqueous phase detection of nitroaromatics
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 7:41, s. 25519-25527
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A graphene-based nanosensor was fabricated to selectively detect nitrotriazolone (NTO) molecules with a molecularly imprinted film via simple electrical measurements. Molecularly imprinted polymer comprising chitosan was used as sensitive layer. Gold electrodes for electrical measurements were lithographically fabricated on Si/SiO2 substrate, followed by monolayer graphene transfer and polymeric film coating. Monolayer graphene and molecularly imprinted polymer were characterized by ATR-FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Transfer-length measurements (TLM) indicate that the sensor selectively and linearly responds against aqueous NTO solutions within a wide range of concentration of 0.01-0.1 mg mL(-1) that covers the lowest toxic level of NTO determined by USEPA. This nanosensor with embedded electrodes is re-usable and suitable for field applications, offering real-time electrical measurements unlike current techniques where complex analytics are required.
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20.
  • Babic, Vedad, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Transition metal attenuated mechanism for protective alumina formation from first principles
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 8:72, s. 41255-41269
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A mechanistic perspective on the growth of protective oxides on high temperature alloys at elevated temperatures is provided. Early, defect rich transient alumina is understood to form by outwards diffusion of oxygen vacancies and electrons. The impact of transition metal (TM) ions (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) on the oxygen vacancy diffusion and electron transport in α-alumina was studied by employing density functional theory. Activation energies for electron transfer EA(ET) between oxygen vacancies in pure as well as TM doped α-alumina were subject to analysis, and similarly so for the TM and charge dependent activation energy for oxygen vacancy diffusion EA(VO). EAQ(ET) were found to be ∼0.5 eV while 2 eV < EAQ(VO) < 5 eV was obtained. The higher and lower EAQ(VO) values correspond to uncharged and doubly charged VO sites, respectively. Redox processes among VO sites, addressed by a bipolaron approach, were understood to enhance VO mobility and thus to facilitate oxide growth. TM adatoms induced asymmetry in the potential energy surface for oxygen vacancy diffusion was subject to analysis. Competition for electrons between all-Al3+surrounded oxygen vacancies and vacancies adjacent to the late 3d adatoms comes out in favor of the latter. A novel take on the 3rd element effect in FeCrAl emerges from analysis of the ternary TM-TM*-Al system.
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21.
  • Bagan Navarro, Hector, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis and characterization of epitope-imprinted polymers for purification of human hemoglobin.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 7:66, s. 41705-41712
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One promising method to prepare protein-selective polymers is the epitope-imprinting approach, where surface-accessible peptides from a target protein are used as templates to create surface-exposed binding sites on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). However, selection of a suitable peptide target is not always straightforward, and synthesis of peptide on a large scale can be costly. In this work, we developed a new approach that can be used to select peptide epitopes on protein surface to be used as templates to prepare protein-selective MIPs. In this case study, human hemoglobin (Hb) was immobilized on silica nanoparticles and then fragmented by tryptic digestion. The particle-supported peptides were then used as templates to synthesize the Hb-selective MIPs, which were obtained after removal of the silica support and the peptides. The MIPs were tested in equilibrium binding experiments to evaluate their protein separation performance. The new surface imprinted MIPs displayed high selectivity for Hb, and was able to separate different variants of Hb from protein mixtures and crude cell extracts.
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22.
  • Bai, Sai, et al. (författare)
  • Electrophoretic deposited oxide thin films as charge transporting interlayers for solution-processed optoelectronic devices: the case of ZnO nanocrystals
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 5:11, s. 8216-8222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A promising fabrication method of electron transporting interlayers for solution-processed optoelectronic devices by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of colloidal zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals was demonstrated. A low voltage of 3-5 V and a short deposition time of 40 s at room temperature were found to be sufficient to generate dense and uniform ZnO thin films. The EPD ZnO nanocrystal films were applied as ETLs for inverted organic solar cell and polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs). By optimizing the EPD processing of ZnO nanocrystal electron transporting layers (ETLs), inverted organic solar cells based on [3,4-b]-thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7): [6-6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6-6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) with an average PCE of 8.4% and 4.0% were fabricated. In combination with the PLEDs and flexible devices results, we conclude that the EPD processed ZnOnanocrystal thin films can serve as high quality ETLs for solution-processed optoelectronic devices.
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23.
  • Balitskii, O. A., et al. (författare)
  • Aqueous processable WO3-x nanocrystals with solution tunable localized surface plasmon resonance
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Rsc Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:64, s. 59050-59054
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heavily doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) were recently highlighted as potential substitutes for noble metals in the field of plasmonic applications. Herein, oxygen deficient, spherically shaped WO3-x nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized with a pronounced visible LSPR absorbance peak instead of a broadband tail usually observed for WO3-x nanowires. Although the tuning of the plasmon resonances was achieved mainly by changing the nanocrystals composition or solvent refraction index, we demonstrate this via the interfacial charge donation/extraction. In an aqueous NCs dispersion, the LSPR peak was either blue shifted in an acidic solution up to 80 nm or bleached by a basic solution making the NCs appropriate for sensing applications.
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24.
  • Bandara, T M W J, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Performance enhancers for gel polymer electrolytes based on LiI and RbI for quasi-solid-state dye sensitized solar cells
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:105, s. 103683-103691
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, the effect of additives (enhancers) on efficiency enhancement in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) containing two series of gel polymer electrolytes, one based on LiI and the other based on RbI have been systematically studied. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the host polymer while the performance enhancers used in each case were tetrapropylammoniumiodide (Pr4NI), the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide (MPII) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (4TBP) respectively. Appropriate amounts of the selected enhancers were incorporated one by one, in LiI based and RbI based gel electrolytes. The incorporation of Pr4NI and MPII led to an increase in conductivity of the electrolyte, while 4TBP showed a decrease in conductivity. The maximum conductivity of 3.85 mS cm(-1) at room temperature was shown by the RbI based-series while for the LiI based series the maximum conductivity was 2.95 mS cm(-1). Each of these electrolytes with respective additives was used to fabricate quasi-solid state DSSCs. For the DSSCs based on the LiI containing series, a significant short circuit current density (J(sc)) enhancement (161%) from 3.65 to 9.54 mA cm(-2) was observed due to the addition of Pr4NI. This J(sc) value further increased to 9.7 mA cm(-2) due to the addition of MPII and 4TBP. For the DSSCs with corresponding Rb based electrolytes with all three additives, the highest J(sc) value obtained was 11.5 mA cm(-2). The incorporation of the three additives Pr4NI, MPII and 4TBP collectively enhanced the open circuit voltages and the efficiencies of both LiI and RbI containing quasi-solid state DSSCs. Another important finding from this work is that rarely used RbI containing electrolytes exhibit superior DSSC performance compared to more frequently used LiI based electrolytes. Hence, RbI appears to be a better candidate compared to LiI to fabricate gel polymer electrolytes for DSSCs in general. The three additives have contributed to a remarkable efficiency enchantment in DSSCs by 449.3% for the LiI based electrolyte and by 35.7% for the RbI based electrolyte.
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25.
  • Banerjee, C., et al. (författare)
  • All-optical study of tunable ultrafast spin dynamics in Co/Pd /NiFe systems: the role of spin-twist structure on Gilbert damping
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Rsc Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:83, s. 80168-80173
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigate optically induced ultrafast magnetization dynamics in [Co(0.5 nm)/Pd(1 nm)](5)/NiFe(t) exchange-spring samples with tilted perpendicular magnetic anisotropy using a time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometer. The competition between the out-of-plane anisotropy of the hard layer, the in-plane anisotropy of the soft layer and the applied bias field reorganizes the spins in the soft layer, which are modified further with the variation in t. The spin-wave spectrum, the ultrafast demagnetization time, and the extracted damping coefficients - all depend on the spin distribution in the soft layer, while the latter two also depend on the spin-orbit coupling between the Co and Pd layers. The spin-wave spectra change from multimode to single-mode as t decreases. At the maximum field reached in this study, H = 2.5 kOe, the damping shows a nonmonotonic dependence on t with a minimum at t = 7.5 nm. For t < 7.5 nm, intrinsic effects dominate, whereas for t > 7.5 nm, extrinsic effects govern the damping mechanisms.
  •  
26.
  • Banerjee, Indradumna, et al. (författare)
  • Slipdisc : A versatile sample preparation platform for point of care diagnostics
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 7:56, s. 35048-35054
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report a microfluidic sample preparation platform called "Slipdisc" based on slipchip technology. Slipdisc is a rotational slipchip that uses a unique hand-wound clockwork mechanism for precise movement of specially fabricated polycarbonate discs. In operation, the microchannels and microchambers carved on the closely aligned microfluidic discs convert from continuous filled paths to defined compartments using the slip movement. The clockwork mechanism introduced here is characterised by a food dye experiment and a conventional HRP TMB reaction before measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels, which is a crucial biomarker for neonatal diagnostics. The colorimetry based detection of LDH was performed with an unmodified camera and an image analysis procedure based on normalising images and observing changes in red channel intensity. The analysis showed a close to unity coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.96) in detecting the LDH concentration when compared with a standard Chemical Analyser, demonstrating the excellent performance of the slipdisc platform with colorimetric detection. The versatile point of care sample preparation platform should ideally be suited for a multitude of applications at resource-limited settings.
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27.
  • Barman, Jharna, et al. (författare)
  • 2 '-N-Guanidino, 4 '-C-ethylene bridged thymidine (GENA-T) modified oligonucleotide exhibits triplex formation with excellent enzymatic stability
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:16, s. 12257-12260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Here we present the synthesis and characterization of a new 2'-N-Guanidino, 4'-C-ethylene bridged thymidine (GENA-T) modified oligonucleotide possessing North-locked sugar conformation. Incorporation of GENA-T nucleotide though did not change the thermal stability of the oligonucleotides toward the complementary RNA; it significantly increased the stability of the parallel triplex at pH 7. The melting temperature of the triplex was increased by +9.5 degrees C as compared to that of the isosequential unmodified sequence. Moreover this modification imparted exceptional nuclease stability to the oligonucleotides for over 33 h. This study clearly demonstrates that GENA-T modified oligonucleotides could improve triplex formation with phenomenal enzymatic stability and could be used for various biomedical applications.
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28.
  • Behera, Nilamani, et al. (författare)
  • Two magnon scattering and anti-damping behavior in a two-dimensional epitaxial TiN/Py(t(Py))/beta-Ta(t(Ta)) system
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 7:14, s. 8106-8117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The prime requirements for the spin transfer torque based ferromagnetic (FM)/nonmagnetic (NM) bilayer spin devices are (i) the absence of two-magnon scattering (TMS) noise, (ii) minimum energy dissipation and (iii) fast switching. To realize these objectives we have studied the thickness, Py (permalloy) thicknesses (t(Py)) and beta-Ta thicknesses (t(Ta)), dependent magnetization dynamics behaviour of the epitaxial Py (t(Py) = 3-20 nm)/beta-Ta (t(Ta) = 1.5-15 nm) system. The t(Py) dependence of TMS in epitaxial Py nanolayers (t(Py) = 3-20 nm) grown on a Si(400)/TiN(200) (8 nm) substrate is explored in terms of uniform and non-uniform magnetization precession regimes by employing ferromagnetic resonance field (H-r), linewidth (Delta H), and Gilbert damping constant (alpha) behaviour. It is found that in Py, t(Py) < 10 nm, layers TMS is dominating due to non-uniform precession of the magnetization. However in Py, t(Py) >= 10 nm, layers the uniform magnetization precession dominates, therefore Py layers, t(Py) >= 10 nm, are almost free from TMS. Furthermore, a nearly TMS free 12 nm epitaxial Py(200) layer is capped with beta-Ta (t(Ta) = 1.5-15 nm) layers to explore the t(Ta) dependent magnetization precession of epitaxial Py (12 nm) in terms of change in effective Gilbert damping constant (alpha(eff)). An anomalous decrease in alpha(eff) from 0.0087 at t(Ta) = 0 to a minimum value of 0.0077 at t(Ta) = 6 nm, and its subsequent increase for t(Ta) > 6 nm are observed in the epitaxial Py (12 nm)/beta-Ta(t(Ta)) system. Therefore the Si(400)/TiN(200) (8 nm)/Py(200) (12 nm)/beta-Ta(200) (6 nm) epitaxial system with nearly uniform magnetic precession and minimum effective Gilbert damping is suitable for low energy loss and ultrafast switching applications in spin transfer torque devices.
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29.
  • Bergfelt, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • ε-Caprolactone-based solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries : synthesis, electrochemical characterization and mechanical stabilization by block copolymerization
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 8:30, s. 16716-16725
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, three types of polymers based on epsilon-caprolactone have been synthesized: poly(epsilon-caprolactone), polystyrene-poly(epsilon-caprolactone), and polystyrene-poly(epsilon-caprolactone-r-trimethylene carbonate) (SCT), where the polystyrene block was introduced to improve the electrochemical and mechanical performance of the material. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were produced by blending the polymers with 10-40 wt% lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI). Battery devices were thereafter constructed to evaluate the cycling performance. The best performing battery half-cell utilized an SPE consisting of SCT and 17 wt% LiTFSI as both binder and electrolyte; a Li vertical bar SPE vertical bar LiFePO4 cell that cycled at 40 degrees C gave a discharge capacity of about 140 mA h g(-1) at C/5 for 100 cycles, which was superior to the other investigated electrolytes. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the storage modulus E' was about 5 MPa for this electrolyte.
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30.
  • Berglund, Linn, et al. (författare)
  • Promoted hydrogel formation of lignin-containing arabinoxylan aerogel using cellulose nanofibers as a functional biomaterial
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 8:67, s. 38219-38228
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, three-dimensional (3D) aerogels and hydrogels based on lignin-containing arabinoxylan (AX) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were prepared. The effects of the CNF and the crosslinking with citric acid (CA) of various contents (1, 3, 5 wt%) were evaluated. All the aerogels possessed highly porous (above 98%) and lightweight structures. The AX-CNF hydrogel with a CA content of 1 wt% revealed a favorable network structure with respect to the swelling ratio; nanofiber addition resulted in a five-fold increase in the degree of swelling (68 g of water per g). The compressive properties were improved when the higher CA content (5 wt%) was used; when combined with CNF, there was a seven-fold enhancement in the compressive strength. The AX-CNF hydrogels were prepared using a green and straightforward method that utilizes sustainable resources efficiently. Therefore, such natural hydrogels could find application potential, for example in the field of soft tissue engineering.
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31.
  • Bhakat, Soumendranath, et al. (författare)
  • Reaching beyond HIV/HCV: nelfinavir as a potential starting point for broad-spectrum protease inhibitors against dengue and chikungunya virus
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:104, s. 85938-85949
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Drug repurposing or re-profiling has become an effective strategy to identify novel indications for already-approved drugs. In this study, peptidomimetic FDA-approved HIV/HCV inhibitors were explored for their potential to be repurposed for the inhibition of the replication of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) by targeting the NS2B-NS3 and NSP2 protease, respectively. MM/GBSA-based binding free energy results put nelfinavir forward as a potential inhibitor of both dengue and chikungunya virus, which subsequently was further explored in a virus-cell-based assay for both viruses. Nelfinavir showed modest antiviral activity against CHIKV (EC50 = 14 +/- 1 mu M and a selectivity index of 1.6) and was slightly more active against DENV-2 (EC50 = 3.5 +/- 0.4 mu M and a selectivity index of 4.6). Even though the antiviral potency was limited, the fact that some activity was observed in these assays made it worthwhile exploring the potential and properties of nelfinavir as a stepping-stone compound: a more detailed computational analysis was performed to understand the binding mode, interaction, hydrogen bond distance, occupancy and minimum pharmacophoric features. The comprehensive data set that resulted from these analyses may prove to be useful for the development of novel DENV and CHIKV protease inhibitors.
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32.
  • Biundo, Antonino, et al. (författare)
  • Switched reaction specificity in polyesterases towards amide bond hydrolysis by enzyme engineering
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 9:62, s. 36217-36226
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The recalcitrance of plastics like nylon and other polyamides contributes to environmental problems (e.g. microplastics in oceans) and restricts possibilities for recycling. The fact that hitherto discovered amidases (EC 3.5.1. and 3.5.2.) only show no, or low, activity on polyamides currently obstructs biotechnological-assisted depolymerization of man-made materials. In this work, we capitalized on enzyme engineering to enhance the promiscuous amidase activity of polyesterases. Through enzyme design we created a reallocated water network adapted for hydrogen bond formation to synthetic amide backbones for enhanced transition state stabilization in the polyester-hydrolyzing biocatalysts Humicola insolens cutinase and Thermobifida cellulosilytica cutinase 1. This novel concept enabled increased catalytic efficiency towards amide-containing soluble substrates. The afforded enhanced hydrolysis of the amide bond-containing insoluble substrate 3PA 6,6 by designed variants was aligned with improved transition state stabilization identified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Furthermore, the presence of a favorable water-molecule network that interacted with synthetic amides in the variants resulted in a reduced activity on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Our data demonstrate the potential of using enzyme engineering to improve the amidase activity for polyesterases to act on synthetic amide-containing polymers.
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33.
  • Björk, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Cell adherence and drug delivery from particle based mesoporous silica films
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2046-2069. ; 9:31, s. 17745-17753
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spatially and temporally controlled drug delivery is important for implant and tissue engineering applications, as the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug can be enhanced, and can also allow for drugging stem cells at different stages of development. Long-term drug delivery over weeks to months is however difficult to achieve, and coating of 3D surfaces or creating patterned surfaces is a challenge using coating techniques like spin- and dip-coating. In this study, mesoporous films consisting of SBA-15 particles grown onto silicon wafers using wet processing were evaluated as a scaffold for drug delivery. Films with various particle sizes (100-900 nm) and hence thicknesses were grown onto trichloro(octadecyl)silane-functionalized silicon wafers using a direct growth method. Precise patterning of the areas for film growth could be obtained by local removal of the OTS functionalization through laser ablation. The films were incubated with the drug model 3,3 -dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), and murine myoblast cells (C2C12 cells) were seeded onto films with different particle sizes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to study the cell growth, and a vinculin-mediated adherence of C2C12 cells on all films was verified. The successful loading of DiO into the films was confirmed by UV-vis and CLSM. It was observed that the drugs did not desorb from the particles during 24 hours in cell culture. During adherent growth on the films for 4 h, small amounts of DiO and separate particles were observed inside single cells. After 24 h, a larger number of particles and a strong DiO signal were recorded in the cells, indicating a particle mediated drug uptake. The vast majority of the DiO-loaded particles remained attached to the substrate also after 24 h of incubation, making the films attractive as longer-term reservoirs for drugs on e.g. medical implants.
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34.
  • Björkegren, Sanna, 1984, et al. (författare)
  • Clouding observed for surface active, mPEG-grafted silica nanoparticles
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 9:23, s. 13297-13303
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Temperature-dependent phase-separation, clouding, has been observed in suspensions of silica nanoparticles surface-functionalized with methyl-poly(ethylene glycol) silane. Interparticle interactions and conformational changes of the grafted poly(ethylene glycol) chains influence the observed cloud points, and can be controlled by electrolyte concentration and pH. These findings open new routes to tailoring properties of Pickering emulsions.
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35.
  • Bondarchuk, Sergey V., et al. (författare)
  • Thermally accessible triplet state of pi-nucleophiles does exist. Evidence from first principles study of ethylene interaction with copper species
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:15, s. 11558-11569
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Three different models of ethylene interaction with copper species, namely, the Cu(100) surface, odd-numbered copper clusters C2H4/Cu-n (where n = 3, 7, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 25 and 27) and atomic copper C2H4/Cu were studied theoretically. It was found that the ethylene molecule possesses three different types of bonding depending on the presence of the unpaired spin on the reacting copper atom. These bonding structures demonstrate different types of band gap (bulk) or SOMO-LUMO gaps (cluster/atom), where SOMO stands for the singly occupied and LUMO means the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the copper species. The obtained results are in good agreement with the previous experimental and computational results on the structural, spectral and energetic properties of the studied species. The bulk copper and sub-nanosized clusters (n > 7) build up the mono-pi-bonded ground state complexes with ethylene where the latter species possesses the C-2v symmetry. The single-atom complex C2H4/Cu forms the CS-symmetrical ground state (X) over tilde (2)A' and the excited B-2(2) and B-4 state complexes of the C-2v and C-2 symmetry, respectively. The (X) over tilde (2)A' state complex is mono-sigma-bonded and involves the singlet ethylene moiety. The more tightly bound excited B-2(2) complex has the di-sigma-bonded structure and corresponds to the triplet ethylene. The adiabatic energy difference between the B-2(2) and (X) over tilde (2)A' states is equal to 10.8 kcal mol(-1) and can be ascribed to the singlet-triplet splitting of the ethylene moiety interacting with copper. The QTAIM analysis supports the coordination type of the Cu-C bonds in all the studied complexes. Formation of the C2H4/Cu(100), C2H4/Cu-n and C2H4/Cu species is in accord with the well-known Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model, in such a way that the opposing sigma-donation step yields the ground state complex ((X) over tilde (2)A'), while the subsequent more expensive supporting pi*-back donation step provides the excited B-2(2) state complex. In the present paper we have developed a computational procedure to optimize the latter complex.
  •  
36.
  • Bora, Tanujjal, et al. (författare)
  • Role of surface defects on visible light enabled plasmonic photocatalysis in Au–ZnO nanocatalysts
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 5:117, s. 96670-96680
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Visible light photocatalytic activity of the plasmonic gold-zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) nanorods (NRs) is investigated with respect to the surface defects of the ZnO NRs, controlled by annealing the NRs in ambient at different temperatures. Understanding the role of surface defects on the charge transfer behaviour across a metal-semiconductor junction is vital for efficient visible light active photocatalysis. Au nanoparticles (NPs) are in situ deposited on the surface of the ZnO NRs having different surface defect densities, demonstrating efficient harvesting of visible light due to the surface plasmon absorption. The surface defects in the ZnO NRs are probed by using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and photo-electro-chemical current-voltage measurements to study the photo-generated charge transfer efficiency across the Au-ZnO Schottky interface. The results show that the surface situated oxygen vacancy sites in the ZnO NRs significantly reduce the charge transfer efficiency across the Au-ZnO Schottky interfaces lowering the photocatalytic activity of the system. Reduction in the oxygen vacancy sites through annealing the ZnO NRs resulted in the enhancement of visible light enabled photocatalytic activity of the Au-ZnO plasmonic nanocatalyst, adding vital insight towards the design of efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.
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37.
  • Borowska-Centkowska, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Defect structure in delta-Bi5PbY2O11.5
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 9:17, s. 9640-9653
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A detailed study of the defect structure in a di-substituted -Bi2O3 type phase, -Bi5PbY2O11.5, is presented. Using a combination of conventional Rietveld analysis of neutron diffraction data, reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) analysis of total neutron scattering data and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, both average and local structures have been characterized. -Bi5PbY2O11.5 represents a model system for the highly conducting -Bi2O3 type phases, in which there is a higher nominal vacancy concentration than in the unsubstituted parent compound. Uniquely, the methodology developed in this study has afforded the opportunity to study both oxide-ion vacancy ordering as well as specific cation-cation interactions. Oxide-ion vacancies in this system have been found to show a preference for association with Pb2+ cations, with some evidence for clustering of these cations. The system shows a non-random distribution of vacancy pair alignments, with a preference for 100 ordering, the extent of which shows thermal variation. MD simulations indicate a predominance of oxide-ion jumps in the 100 direction.
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38.
  • Bu, Junfu, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of NiO on the conductivity of BaZr0.5Ce0.3Y0.2O3-delta based electrolytes
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:67, s. 62368-62377
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effects of NiO on the sintering behaviors, morphologies and conductivities of BaZr0.5Ce0.3Y0.2O3-delta (BZCY532) based electrolytes were systematically investigated. 1 wt% NiO powder was added by different methods during the sample preparation: (i) added during ball-milling before a powder mixture calcination (named BZCY(Ni) 532), (ii) no NiO addition in the whole preparation procedure (named BZCY532) and (iii) added after a powder mixture calcination (named BZCY532(Ni)). The conductivities of these three kinds of dense BZCY532 ceramics were investigated in dry air, wet N-2 and wet H-2 atmospheres, respectively. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the total conductivities were also identified in a broad oxygen partial pressure range. According to the achieved results, it can be concluded that the dense BZCY(Ni) 532 ceramics showed the best enhanced oxygen and proton conductivities, followed by the BZCY532(Ni) and BZCY532 ceramics. Furthermore, the BZCY(Ni) 532 and BZCY532 ceramics showed a tiny electronic conductivity, when the testing temperatures were lower than 800 degrees C. However, the BZCY532(Ni) ceramics revealed an obvious electronic conduction when they were tested at temperatures of 600-800 degrees C. Therefore, it is preferable to add the NiO during powder preparation, which can lower the sintering temperature and also increase the conductivity of BZCY532-based electrolytes.
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39.
  • Bäcklund, Fredrik G., et al. (författare)
  • Tuning the aqueous self-assembly process of insulin by a hydrophobic additive
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC ADVANCES. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 5:112, s. 92254-92262
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biomolecular self-assembly is an efficient way of preparing soft-matter based materials. Herein we report a novel method, based on the use of insoluble additives in aqueous media, for influencing the self-assembly process. Due to their low solubility, the use of hydrophobic additives in aqueous media is problematic; however, by mixing the additive with the biomolecule in the solid state, prior to solvation, this problem can be circumvented. In the investigated self-assembly system, where bovine insulin self-assembles into spherical structures, the inclusion of the hydrophobic material α-sexithiophene (6T) results in significant changes in the self-assembly process. Under our reaction conditions, in the case of materials prepared from insulin-only the growth of spherulites typically stops at a diameter of 150μm. However, by adding 2 weight % of hydrophobic material, spherulite growth continues up to diameters in the mm-range. The spherulites incorporate 6T and are thus fluorescent. The method reported herein should be of interest to all scientists working in the field of self-assembly as the flexible materials preparation, based simply on co-grinding of commercially available materials, adds another option to influence the structure and properties of products formed by  self-assembly reactions.
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40.
  • Cai, P., et al. (författare)
  • Effects of including electron-withdrawing atoms on the physical and photovoltaic properties of indacenodithieno 3,2-b thiophene-based donor-acceptor polymers: towards an acceptor design for efficient polymer solar cells
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 7:33, s. 20440-20450
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Three new D-A polymers PIDTT-DTBO, PIDTT-DTBT and PIDTT-DTFBT, using indacenodithieno[3,2-b] thiophene (IDTT) as the electron-rich unit and benzoxadiazole (BO), benzodiathiazole (BT) or difluorobenzothiadiazole (FBT) as the electron-deficient unit, were synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed Stille polymerization. The included electron-withdrawing atoms of the acceptor portion were varied between O, S, and F for tailoring the optical and electrochemical properties and the geometry of structures. Their effects on the film topography, photovoltaic and hole-transporting properties of the polymers were thoroughly investigated via a range of techniques. As expected, the stronger electron-withdrawing BO unit affords red-shifted absorption, low-lying HOMO and LUMO levels for the polymer PIDTT-DTBO. However, it depicts lower hole mobility and a less efficient charge collection in the active layer compared to the polymer PIDTT-DTBT. In addition, degradation of the solubility is observed in the fluorinated polymer PIDTT-DTFBT. As a result, a BHJ PSC (ITO/PEDOT: PSS/polymer: PC71BM/interlayer/ Al) fabricated with PIDTT-DTBT attains the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.91%. These results thus demonstrate the potential effects of electronegative atoms on IDTT-based polymers and the structure-function correlations of such electron-donor materials for efficient PSCs.
  •  
41.
  • Cai, Yixiao, et al. (författare)
  • Biomineralization on Single Crystalline Rutile : The Modulated Growth of Hydroxyapatite by Fibronectin in a Simulated Body Fluid
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 6, s. 35507-35516
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study is to probe the complex interaction between surface bioactivity and protein adsorption on single crystalline rutile. Our previous studies have shown that single crystalline rutile possessed in vitro bioactivity and the crystalline faces affected the hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. However, upon implantation, a fast adsorption of proteins, from the biological fluids, is intermediated by a water layer towards the biomaterial interface. Thus the effect of protein on the bioactivity must be addressed. In this study, the HA growth dynamics on (001), (100) and (110) faces was investigated in a simulated body fluid with the presence of fibronectin (FN) by two different processes. The surface adhesion of each face before and after FN adsorption, as revealed by direct numerical values, was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) based peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF-QNM) for the first time. The findings suggest the surface energies of FN pre-adsorbed (001), (100) and (110) faces have been enhanced, leading to the subsequent accelerated HA formation. Furthermore, (001) and (100) faces were found to have larger coverage of HA crystals than (110) face at an early stage. In addition, various characterizations were performed to probe the chemical and crystal structures of as-grown biomimetic HA crystals, and in particular, the Ca/P ratio variations at different soaking time points.
  •  
42.
  • Cai, Yixiao, et al. (författare)
  • Fabrication of translucent nanoceramics via a simple filtration method
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:121, s. 99848-99855
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Generally, particle packing density, grain size and morphology are the important factors that affect the transparency of ceramics. In order to achieve better transparency of ceramics, efforts should be developed to eliminate or minimize light scattering or absorption. Therefore the porosity and size of crystals in a ceramic body should be strictly controlled. Typical transparent ceramics are fabricated by pressure-assisted sintering techniques such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and pressure-less sintering (PLS). However, a simple energy efficient production method remains a challenge. In this study, we describe a simple fabrication process via a facile filtration system that can fabricate translucent hydroxyapatite based ceramics. The translucent pieces yielded from filtration exhibit optical transmittance that was confirmed by UV spectroscopy. Briefly, the morphology and size of ceramic nanoparticles, filtration pressure and filtration time are important parameters to be discussed. Compared with different hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, spherical nanoparticles easily form a densely packed structure, followed by sintered ceramics. When the strontium content in HA increases, the morphology of HA changes from nano-spheres to nano-rods, following a decrease in transparency. A pressure filtration model combining Darcy's law and the Kozeny-Carman relation has been discussed to simulate and explain why the translucent ceramics can be fabricated via such a simple process. This method could be further applied to prepare other translucent functional ceramics by controlling the size and morphology of ceramic particles.
  •  
43.
  • Caltagirone, Claudia, et al. (författare)
  • Solvatochromic fluorescent BODIPY derivative as imaging agent in camptothecin loaded hexosomes for possible theranostic applications
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:30, s. 23443-23449
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We here discuss the potential theranostic nanomedicine application of an innovative formulation consisting of monoolein-based nanoparticles with a two-dimensional hexagonal inner structure stabilized in water using a mixture of PEO132-PPO50-PEO132 block copolymers with and without conjugated folate for targeting. The proposed tumor-cell targeted formulation was shown to be able to simultaneously host the model anticancer drug camptothecin and a pyrene-modified BODIPY fluorophore, based on dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The photophysical properties of the fluorophore were studied in solution in various solvents. A marked fluorescent solvatochromism, whose origin was explained by time-dependent density functional theory theoretical calculations, was observed. Fluorescence microscopy showed that HeLa cells readily internalize these nanoparticles, and that the fluorophore localizes within the lipid droplets. In addition, cytotoxicity test revealed that these nanoparticles are not toxic at the concentration used for the imaging analysis.
  •  
44.
  • Carboni, Marco, et al. (författare)
  • Unlocking high capacities of graphite anodes for potassium-ion batteries
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2046-2069. ; 9:36, s. 21070-21074
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Graphite is considered a promising candidate as the anode for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs). Here, we demonstrate a significant improvement in performance through the ball-milling of graphite. Electrochemical techniques show reversible K-intercalation into graphitic layers, with 65% capacity retention after 100 cycles from initial capacities and extended cycling beyond 200 cycles. Such an affinity of the graphite towards storage of K-ions is explained by means of SEM and Raman analyses. Graphite ball-milling results in a gentle mechanical exfoliation of the graphene layers and simultaneous defect formation, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance.
  •  
45.
  • Chen, Fei, et al. (författare)
  • A novel chitosan/wheat gluten biofoam fabricated by spontaneous mixing and vacuum-drying
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 5:114, s. 94191-94200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A new type of chitosan and wheat gluten biofoam is presented. The pore structure achieved relied solely on the specific mixing and phase distribution when a film was cast from an aqueous mixture of chitosan/wheat gluten solution, in the absence of any chemical blowing agent, porogen or expanding gas. The foam was obtained when the liquid phase was removed by vacuum drying, without the need for the traditional freeze-drying that is frequently used for pore formation. Soft foam samples could be prepared with stiffnesses from 0.3 to 1.2 MPa and a high rebound resilience (64 and 94% at compressive strains of 80 and 20%, respectively). The foams were relatively ductile and did not require any plasticiser to allow for in-plane deformation (20% compression) and smaller bending. Only open pores with sizes of the order of 70-80 μm were observed by microscopy. The density of all the foams was ∼50 kg m-3, due to the high porosity (96% air). The foams showed a rapid and large uptake of both non-polar (limonene) and polar (water) liquids. When immersed in these liquids for 1 second, the maximum uptake recorded was 40 times the initial mass of the foam for limonene and 8 times for water.
  •  
46.
  • Chen, Jun, et al. (författare)
  • Hydrogen bond effect on the photophysical properties of 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone quadruple hydrogen bonded systems
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:46, s. 36279-36287
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemistry calculations were used to investigate the photophysical properties of 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) systems in two different solvents of DMSO and DCM. The investigations were carried out on the three UPy systems (AnUP, NaUP and UPNa) with two different choromophores (i.e., anthracene and naphthalene) located at the head and the tail part of the UPy module. In DCM the UPy systems exist as the Keto-2 form that self assembles into a dimer through quadruple H-B arrays AADD-DDAA (solute-solute hydrogen bonds). In DMSO the UPy systems exist in the Keto-1 form which then forms a hydrogen bond complex with the solvent through solute-solvent interaction. The differences in excited state hydrogen bond dynamics and in configuration dynamical processes, account for the measured different fluorescence lifetimes and fluorescence quantum yields (FQY, Phi(F)) of the UPy systems studied in this work.
  •  
47.
  • Chen, Long, et al. (författare)
  • Facile synthesis of mesoporous carbon nanocomposites from natural biomass for efficient dye adsorption and selective heavy metal removal
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:3, s. 2259-2269
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mesoporous carbon with embedded iron carbide nanoparticles was successfully synthesized via a facile impregnation–carbonization method. A green biomass resource, cotton fabric, was used as a carbon precursor and an iron precursor was implanted to create mesopores through a catalytic graphitization reaction. The pore structure of the nanocomposites can be tuned by adjusting the iron precursor loadings and the embedded iron carbide nanoparticles serve as an active component for magnetic separation after adsorption. The microstructure of the nanocomposites was carefully investigated by various characterization techniques including electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface analyzer, magnetic property analyzer and etc. The newly created mesopores are demonstrated as a critical component to enhance the adsorption capacity of organic dyes and embedded iron carbide nanoparticles are responsible for the selective removal of heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr6+ and Pb2+). Isotherm adsorption, kinetic study at three different temperatures (25, 45 and 65 °C) and cycling retention tests were performed to understand the adsorptive behavior of the nanocomposites with organic dyes (methylene blue and methyl orange). Together with the preferable removal of more toxic heavy metal species (Cr6+ and Pb2+), these mesoporous nanocomposites show promising applications in pollutant removal from water. The facile material preparation allows convenient scale-up manufacturing with low cost and minimum environmental impact.
  •  
48.
  • Chen, S., et al. (författare)
  • A fluorescent photochromic diarylethene based on naphthalic anhydride with strong solvatochromism
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 7:47, s. 29854-29859
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel "push-pull" diarylethene molecule consisting of an electron withdrawing ethene bridge (1,8-naphthalic anhydride) and two moderate electron donating side chains (2,5-dimethylthiophene) has been designed and synthesized. The photochromism study, together with density functional theory calculations, revealed that the molecule exhibits reversible fluorescence switching capacity upon photo-isomerization and remarkable solvatochromism with red shift of the fluorescence maximum by more than 150 nm owing to intramolecular charge transfer.
  •  
49.
  • Chen, Shangjun, et al. (författare)
  • Substitution effect on the photochromic properties of benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide based diarylethenes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 5:106, s. 87626-87634
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Benzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide based diarylethenes (DAEs), BTT-1 to BTT-4, containing methyl, phenyl, formyl and triphenylamine groups at the 5,5'-position of the thiophene rings have been developed for gaining an insight into the substituent effect on the absorption and photochromic properties. Electron-donating substituents, such as phenyl and triphenylamine groups, are found to be effective at shifting the absorption band to a longer wavelength and decreasing the cyclization quantum yield. The electron-withdrawing formyl group can increase the cyclization quantum yield, but it reduces the thermal stability of the ring-closed isomer to some extent. BTT-4 bearing a triphenylamine group shows the poorest fatigue resistance among these four compounds, which is possibly due to the larger extended pi-conjugation length in the ring-closed isomer. BTT-2 bearing a phenyl unit undergoes typical photochromic reaction not only in solution, but also in PMMA thin film and in bulky crystals with excellent fatigue resistance and thermal stability.
  •  
50.
  • Chen, Tingjie, et al. (författare)
  • Hybrid composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Si-Al for improving the properties of ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:25, s. 20706-20712
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The hybrid composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Si-Al were synthesized to improve the thermostability and mechanical properties of ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF). Their physical and chemical properties were tested by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine. Microstructure results indicated that the distribution of inorganic fillers on the surface of ULDF was improved by the PVA. Analysis of chemical bonds and crystallinity of materials showed that part of the PVA reacted with Si-Al sol, and the other was physically crosslinked in the composite. The thermostability of ULDF decreased with the increasing content of PVA, but the mechanical properties increased. Combined with the TGA and mechanical properties results, a reasonable content of PVA (30%) was obtained. Under this condition, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and the internal bond strength of ULDF were 0.35, 24.86, and 0.038 MPa, respectively
  •  
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