| 1. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(författare)
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Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 11:1, s. 90-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low resting heart rate (HR) is a known risk indicator for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB) and other clinical problems. Stimulation seeking and fearlessness have been explored as factors underlying the HR/ASB relationship, but these have often been conflated, which has complicated interpretation. We examined HR's associations with ASB and other outcomes in terms of biobehavioral traits described by the triarchic model of psychopathy using data (N = 710) from a longitudinal study of ASB risk. Low resting HR in childhood was related to adult ASB, and covariance between ASB and traits of disinhibition and boldness largely accounted for this association. In addition, low childhood HR was related to greater externalizing problems and fewer internalizing problems in adulthood; disinhibition accounted for the former association, and boldness accounted for the latter. Findings indicate a role for both disinhibition and boldness in associations between early HR and later clinical outcomes and have implications for theory and practice.
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| 2. |
- Bianchi, R, et al.
(författare)
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Is Burnout a Depressive Condition? A 14-Sample Meta-Analytic and Bifactor Analytic Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 9:4, s. 579-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is no consensus on whether burnout constitutes a depressive condition or an original entity requiring specific medical and legal recognition. In this study, we examined burnout–depression overlap using 14 samples of individuals from various countries and occupational domains ( N = 12,417). Meta-analytically pooled disattenuated correlations indicated (a) that exhaustion—burnout’s core—is more closely associated with depressive symptoms than with the other putative dimensions of burnout (detachment and efficacy) and (b) that the exhaustion–depression association is problematically strong from a discriminant validity standpoint ( r = .80). The overlap of burnout’s core dimension with depression was further illuminated in 14 exploratory structural equation modeling bifactor analyses. Given their consistency across countries, languages, occupations, measures, and methods, our results offer a solid base of evidence in support of the view that burnout problematically overlaps with depression. We conclude by outlining avenues of research that depart from the use of the burnout construct.
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| 3. |
- Blackwell, Simon E., et al.
(författare)
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Positive Imagery-Based Cognitive Bias Modification as a Web-Based Treatment Tool for Depressed Adults : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 3:1, s. 91-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a global health problem requiring treatment innovation. Targeting neglected cognitive aspects may provide a useful route. We tested a cognitive-training paradigm using positive mental imagery (imagery cognitive bias modification, imagery CBM), developed via experimental psychopathology studies, in a randomized controlled trial. Training was delivered via the Internet to 150 individuals with current major depression. Unexpectedly, there was no significant advantage for imagery CBM compared with a closely matched control for depression symptoms as a whole in the full sample. In exploratory analyses, compared with the control, imagery CBM significantly improved anhedonia over the intervention and improved depression symptoms as a whole for those participants with fewer than five episodes of depression and those who engaged to a threshold level of imagery. Results suggest avenues for improving imagery CBM to inform low-intensity treatment tools for depression. Anhedonia may be a useful treatment target for future work.
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| 4. |
- Disner, S. G, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of Postdeployment Functioning in Combat-Exposed U.S. Military Veterans
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 5:4, s. 650-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are presumed to contribute to reintegration difficulties in combat-exposed veterans. Yet their relative impacts on postdeployment functioning are not well understood. The current study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to clarify the extent to which symptoms of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety), mTBI symptoms, and cognitive performance are associated with functional impairment in 295 combat-exposed veterans. SEM results showed that internalizing symptoms most significantly predicted functional impairment (r = 0.72). Blast mTBI and cognitive performance were associated with internalizing (r = 0.24 and -0.25, respectively), but functional impairment was only modestly related to cognition (r = -0.17) and unrelated to mTBI. These results indicate that internalizing symptoms are the strongest predictor of functioning in trauma-exposed veterans, exceeding the effects of mTBI and cognitive performance. This evidence supports prioritizing interventions that target internalizing psychopathology to improve functioning in cases of co-occurring PTSD and mTBI.
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| 5. |
- Ekberg, Therese L., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Prospective Motor Control in 10-month-olds at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 4:1, s. 129-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motor impairments are not a part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but are overrepresented in the ASD population. Deficits in prospective motor control have been demonstrated in adults and older children with ASD but have never before been examined in infants at familial risk for the disorder. We assessed the ability to prospectively control reach-to-grasp actions in 10-month-old siblings of children with ASD (high-risk group, n = 29, 13 female) as well as in a low-risk control group (n = 16, 8 female). The task was to catch a ball rolling on a curvilinear path off an inclined surface. The low-risk group performed predictive reaches when catching the ball, whereas the high-risk group started their movements reactively. The high-risk group started their reaches significantly later than the low-risk group (p = .03). These results indicate impaired prospective motor control in infants susceptible for ASD.
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| 6. |
- Gamble, Beau, et al.
(författare)
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The Futures We Want : How Goal-Directed Imagination Relates to Mental Health
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 9:4, s. 732-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imagination is an adaptive ability that can be directed toward the pursuit of personal goals. Although there is a wealth of research on goals and on imagination, few studies lie at the intersection-little is known about individual differences in goal-directed imagination. In 153 adults, we examined how 28 aspects of goal setting, pursuit, and goal-directed imagination relate to mental health. Higher well-being and lower depressive symptoms were strongly linked (a) to having goals that were more attainable, under control, and expected to bring more joy and (b) to goal-directed imagination that was clearer, more detailed, more positive, and less negative. Importantly, the emotional valence of goal-directed imagination strongly predicted well-being at a 2-month follow-up even after controlling for mental health at baseline. These findings underscore the relevance of goal-directed imagination to well-being and depressive symptoms and highlight potential targets for goal- and imagery-based interventions to improve mental health.
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| 7. |
- Godfrey, HK, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Attentional Control in Cognitive Deficits Associated With Chronic Pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 8:6, s. 1046-1053
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive deficits in chronic pain are often attributed to difficulties in attentional control. According to the deficit view, these difficulties stem from a reduction in attentional capacity driven by attentional focus on pain experience; alternatively, according to the motivated-attention view, attentional biases toward pain-relevant threats in the environment reduce attention available for everyday tasks and goals. We tested both accounts using a task in which 72 people with chronic pain and 72 without chronic pain performed a simple perceptual task while attempting to ignore pain-relevant images of body mutilations or neutral scenes. They also completed a common test of attentional control. Although people with chronic pain reported subjective difficulty with attentional control and were slower on both tasks, groups did not differ on behavioral measures of attentional control. Findings suggest that attentional control may not be an optimal target for interventions intended to improve cognitive function in chronic pain.
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| 8. |
- Hollinsaid, NL, et al.
(författare)
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Hypervigilance: An Understudied Mediator of the Longitudinal Relationship Between Stigma and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Sexual-Minority Young Adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 11:5, s. 954-973
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hypervigilance is often theoretically invoked as a psychological mechanism linking stigma to internalizing psychopathology among sexual minorities. Empirically, however, hypervigilance is rarely explicitly assessed but is instead commonly conflated with putatively related constructs, including sexual-orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination, hindering conceptual and mechanistic understandings of this process. We therefore embedded a hypervigilance measure in a longitudinal, population-based study of 811 Swedish sexual-minority young adults (ages 17–34). Hypervigilance—but neither sexual-orientation-related rejection sensitivity nor rumination, with which it was only weakly correlated ( rs = .23–.24)—uniquely mediated prospective associations between perceived discrimination and internalizing symptoms 2 years later, explaining up to 40% of these effects. Sexual-orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination prospectively predicted hypervigilance on these paths. Findings suggest that hypervigilance represents a distinct construct and transdiagnostic mechanism through which stigma-related experiences and processes undermine sexual-minority mental health. We discuss implications for enhancing psychological interventions for sexual minorities by addressing hypervigilance.
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| 9. |
- Lau-Zhu, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Selectively Interfering With Intrusive but Not Voluntary Memories of a Trauma Film : Accounting for the Role of Associative Memory
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 9:6, s. 1128-1143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrusive memories of a traumatic event can be reduced by a subsequent interference procedure, seemingly sparing voluntary memory for that event. This selective-interference effect has potential therapeutic benefits (e.g., for emotional disorders) and legal importance (e.g., for witness testimony). However, the measurements of intrusive memory and voluntary memory typically differ in the role of associations between a cue and the emotional memory "hotspots." To test this, we asked participants to watch a traumatic film followed by either an interference procedure (reminder plus Tetris) or control procedure (reminder only). Measurement of intrusions (using a laboratory task) and voluntary memory (recognition for film stills) were crossed with the presence or absence of associative cues. The reminder-plus-Tetris group exhibited fewer intrusions despite comparable recognition memory, replicating the results of prior studies. Note that this selective interference did not appear to depend on associative cues. This involuntary versus voluntary memory dissociation for emotional material further supports separate-trace memory theories and has applied advantages.
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| 10. |
- Malik, Aiysha, et al.
(författare)
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Hypomanic Experience in Young Adults Confers Vulnerability to Intrusive Imagery After Experimental Trauma : Relevance for Bipolar Disorder.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 2:6, s. 675-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotional mental imagery occurs across anxiety disorders, yet is neglected in bipolar disorder despite high anxiety comorbidity. Furthermore, a heightened susceptibility to developing intrusive mental images of stressful events in bipolar disorder and people vulnerable to it (with hypomanic experience) has been suggested. The current study assessed, prospectively, whether significant hypomanic experience (contrasting groups scoring high vs. low on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, MDQ) places individuals at increased risk of visual reexperiencing after experimental stress. A total of 110 young adults watched a trauma film and recorded film-related intrusive images for 6 days. Compared to the low MDQ group, the high MDQ group experienced approximately twice as many intrusive images, substantiated by convergent measures. Findings suggest hypomanic experience is associated with developing more frequent intrusive imagery of a stressor. Because mental imagery powerfully affects emotion, such imagery may contribute to bipolar mood instability and offer a cognitive treatment target.
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| 11. |
- Mikolajczak, M, et al.
(författare)
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Is Parental Burnout Distinct From Job Burnout and Depressive Symptoms?
- 2020
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Ingår i: CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 8:4, s. 673-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Parenting can be difficult, and when difficulties are experienced as being chronic or overwhelming, parental burnout may occur. It is not yet clear, however, to what extent parental burnout can be distinguished from job burnout (which shares core definitional features) or depressive symptoms (which often co-occur with parental burnout). Here we present two studies ( N = 3,482) that suggest the distinctiveness of parental burnout. First, items aimed at measuring parental burnout, job burnout, and depressive symptoms loaded on different factors. Second, although job burnout, parental burnout, and depressive symptoms had some common consequences (e.g., problematic alcohol use, disordered sleep, somatic complaints), parental and job burnout also each had specific consequences (e.g., parental neglect and parental violence for parental burnout; intent to leave the company for job burnout) that are not explained by depressive symptoms. These results support the distinctiveness of parental burnout and the added value of this construct.
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| 12. |
- Pettersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Resting Heart Rate and Intelligence With General and Specific Psychopathology : A Prospective Population Study of 899,398 Swedish Men
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 9:3, s. 524-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined longitudinal associations of resting heart rate (RHR) and general intelligence (IQ) with two psychopathology models (correlated factors and general factor model). RHR and IQ were measured during conscription (mean age = 18.23 years; N = 899,398 Swedish males). A correlated factors model of register-based outcomes (including 10 psychiatric diagnoses, criminal convictions, and prescription of anxiolytic medications; mean age at follow-up = 43.09 years) identified internalizing, externalizing, and psychotic dimensions; the general factor model additionally identified a general dimension. All correlated factors were inversely associated with IQ; however, the general factor model showed that several of these associations were attributable to general variance rather than specific variance. In both psychopathology models, RHR weakly but significantly predicted higher internalizing but lower externalizing problems. Intelligence might be a transdiagnostic risk factor for any form of psychopathology, and the internalizing and externalizing spectra might be differentiated by psychobiological processes related to sensitivity to punishment.
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| 13. |
- Stephenson, Mallory E., et al.
(författare)
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Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 10:2, s. 374-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling’s AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we found that, even after we accounted for the proband’s AUD status, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was significantly elevated when the proband’s sibling was affected by AUD. Furthermore, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was consistently higher when the sibling’s AUD registration had occurred more recently. Our findings provide evidence for exposure to sibling AUD as an environmental risk factor for suicide attempt and suggest that clinical outreach may be warranted following a sibling’s diagnosis with AUD.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Salvatore, Jessica E., et al.
(författare)
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Family Genetic-Risk Profiles Associated With Divorce
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - 2167-7026.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used Swedish national-register data (N = 2,828,777) to examine divorce and its associated patterns of family genetic-risk scores (FGRSs; personalized measures of genetic risk inferred from diagnoses in relatives) across 10 psychiatric disorders: major depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Individuals who divorced had elevated FGRSs across all disorders compared with individuals who were stably married or never married. FGRSs for all disorders were higher among divorced females compared with divorced males and among individuals who did not go on to have a stable second marriage compared with individuals who had a stable second marriage and increased as the cumulative number of divorces increased. In summary, genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders are associated with the propensity to divorce and with several differences as a function of sex, remarriage, and the cumulative number of divorce transitions.
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