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- Conroy, Melanie, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty in humanities network visualization
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Communication. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-900X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Network visualization is one of the most widely used tools in digital humanities research. The idea of uncertain or “fuzzy” data is also a core notion in digital humanities research. Yet network visualizations in digital humanities do not always prominently represent uncertainty. In this article, we present a mathematical and logical model of uncertainty as a range of values which can be used in network visualizations. We review some of the principles for visualizing uncertainty of different kinds, visual variables that can be used for representing uncertainty, and how these variables have been used to represent different data types in visualizations drawn from a range of non-humanities fields like climate science and bioinformatics. We then provide examples of two diagrams: one in which the variables displaying degrees of uncertainty are integrated into the graph and one in which glyphs are added to represent data certainty and uncertainty. Finally, we discuss how probabilistic data and what-if scenarios could be used to expand the representation of uncertainty in humanities network visualizations.
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- Glasdam, Stinne, et al.
(författare)
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Scandinavian trade unions’ guidelines regarding nurses’ use of social media: a Fairclough-inspired critical discourse analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Communication. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-900X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Social media provides nurses with tools to share information, debate healthcare policy and practice issues, and engage in interpersonal interactions. Historically, also in Scandinavia, nurses’ trade unions have taken the lead in defining nursing as a profession and supporting nurses in ‘conducting good nursing’. However, it is unexplored how trade unions guide nurses in social media use.Aim: To explore the explicitly formulated guidance documents provided by Scandinavian nurses’ trade unions, specifically focusing on how the trade unions guided nurses’ social media use.Materials and methods: Trade union guidelines for social media use were searched on the Scandinavian nurses’ organisations’ websites. A textual discourse analysis inspired by Fairclough’s critical approach was conducted. The analysis considered three levels: the social practice level, focusing on connections between the texts and the surrounding society; the discursive practice level, focusing on the processes of production and distribution of the texts; and the textual level, capturing how grammatical formulations and single words work in the (re) construction of social structures.Results: At the social practice level, the trade union documents guiding nurses’ social media uses were embedded in platfomised public communication, laws about confidentiality and data protection, and ethical codes for nurses. At the discursive practice level, the guidelines were constructed to support nurses’ social media uses in adhering to their profession’s ethical principles. The trade unions’ implicit and explicit representations of nurses blurred the distinction between nurses as professionals and nurses as private persons. At the textual level, the guidelines tapped into the potential risks of using social media and how nurses ought to act on social media. Unlike the Danish and Swedish trade unions, the Norwegian trade union did not develop specific guidelines for nurses’ social media use.Conclusion: The guidelines emphasized risks stemming from social media use that did not adhere to the profession’s politically defined guidelines, norms, and values, although nurses’ conditions are already framed by the national legislations and ethical standards. The study advocates for the development of guidelines that support beneficial uses of social media in relation to nurses and the nursing profession.
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- Graziano, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Providing evidence for a well-worn stereotype : Italians and Swedes do gesture differently
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Communication. - 2297-900X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across cultures and languages spontaneous speech is often accompanied bygestures. It is a popular belief that people in Italy gesture more than peoplein Northern Europe, such as in Sweden. Despite this general assumption fewstudies empirically investigate cultural differences in gesture frequency andgesture function under similar circumstances. This study compares the spokenand gestural behaviours of Italian and Swedish speakers, assumed to representgesture-rich vs. gesture-sparse cultures. We examine the groups’ gesturalbehaviour for frequency, and in terms of possible differences in rhetorical styleprobing the distribution of gestural functions (referential vs. pragmatic) acrossnarrative levels (narrative, metanarrative, and paranarrative). The results showthat (1) Italians overall do gesture more than Swedes; (2) Italians produce morepragmatic gestures than Swedes who produce more referential gestures; (3)both groups show sensitivity to narrative level: referential gestures mainly occurwith narrative clauses, and pragmatic gestures with meta- and paranarrativeclauses. However, the overall group preferences for different functions still leadto different styles. These findings indicate that the two groups differ in gesturerate and, more interestingly, in rhetorical styles, one focused on events andactions in speech and gesture (Swedish), the other alternating between eventsin speech and gesture, and the highlighting of the presentation of new pieces ofinformation in gesture only (Italian). We propose that the findings suggest that thetwo groups conceptualise narrative production in different ways reflected in twodifferent rhetorical styles revealed by gesture production more than by speech.
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- Levshina, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Revered and reviled : a sentiment analysis of female and male referents in three languages
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Communication. - 2297-900X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study contributes to the less explored domain of lexical typology, focusing on semantic prosody and connotation. Semantic derogation, or pejoration of nouns referring to women, whereby such words acquire connotations and further denotations of social pejoration, immorality and/or loose sexuality, has been a very prominent question in studies on gender and language (change). It has been argued that pejoration emerges due to the general derogatory attitudes toward female referents. However, the evidence for systematic differences in connotations of female- vs. male-related words is fragmentary and often fairly impressionistic; moreover, many researchers argue that expressed sentiments toward women (as well as men) often are ambivalent. One should also expect gender differences in connotations to have decreased in the recent years, thanks to the advances of feminism and social progress. We test these ideas in a study of positive and negative connotations of feminine and masculine term pairs such as woman - man, girl - boy, wife - husband, etc. Sentences containing these words were sampled from diachronic corpora of English, Chinese and Russian, and sentiment scores for every word were obtained using two systems for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis: PyABSA, and OpenAI's large language model GPT-3.5. The Generalized Linear Mixed Models of our data provide no indications of significantly more negative sentiment toward female referents in comparison with their male counterparts. However, some of the models suggest that female referents are more infrequently associated with neutral sentiment than male ones. Neither do our data support the hypothesis of the diachronic convergence between the genders. In sum, results suggest that pejoration is unlikely to be explained simply by negative attitudes to female referents in general.
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