| 1. |
- Budd, Chelsea, et al.
(författare)
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Early Farmers in northwest Turkey: First dietary isotopes study of human diet at Neolithic Barcın Höyük
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barcın Höyük is one of the oldest Neolithic settlement sites in northwest Anatolia, with early layers of occupation radiocarbon dated to ca.6600 cal BC. The Neolithic phase at the site (ca.6600 – 6200 cal BC) has seven layers of occupation, and shows a number of affinities, in terms of structure and zooarchaeological remains, with contemporary sites in the coastal area near Istanbul (Özdoğan, 2013). The available zooarchaeological evidence suggests a diet of terrestrial fauna, with some inclusion from freshwater aquatic species. This study investigates the nature of human diet at Barcın Höyük through carbon and nitrogen analysis of human and animal bone collagen, and examines whether there is any isotopic evidence for a shift in diet after the re-organisation of the site at ca.6200 cal BC. Here we present 75 human and faunal analyses from the Neolithic layers at Barcın Höyük. Two new radiocarbon dates on human skeletons are also included in the study.
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| 2. |
- Fägerström, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Insects and other invertebrate remains from the coffin of a 17th century bishop in Lund Minster, S Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extraordinarily diverse and well-preserved material, including the remains of 47 insect taxa and 12 taxa of other invertebrates, extracted from the 17th century burial of Bishop Peder Winstrup in Lund Minster, is presented and discussed in terms of the treatment of the body, activities connected with the burial and faunal significance. The invertebrate assemblages include species from gardens, insects feeding on living plants as well as dried or decaying plant matter. Many of the species are regarded as closely associated with humans (synanthropic), and a number of these are associated with outbuildings, such as stables and cellars. The absence of species associated with cadavers (necrophilous taxa) in the studied insect material is significant. The most plausible explanation is that the bishop died, and was buried during the winter, when such species are inactive, and thus precluded from colonising the body. A number of species were recorded which are today rare or very rare in southern Sweden. This is a strong indication that they once were more common and widespread, perhaps due to a greater prevalence of their preferred habitats. Sweden’s earliest fossil bedbug is also amongst the finds.
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| 3. |
- Harris, Alison J. T., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity in Labrador Inuit sled dog diets : Insights from δ13C and δ15N analysis of dog bone and dentine collagen
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sled dogs were an integral part of Labrador Inuit life from the initial expansion and settlement of northeastern Canada to the present day. Tasked with pulling sleds and assisting people with other subsistence activities in the winter, dogs required regular provisioning with protein and fat. In this paper, we conduct stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis of the skeletal remains of dogs (n=35) and wild fauna (n=68) from sites located on the north and south coasts of Labrador to characterize dog provisioning between the 15th to early 19th centuries. In addition, we analyse bone (n=20) and dentine (n=4) collagen from dogs from Double Mer Point, a communal house site in Hamilton Inlet to investigate how dog diets intersected with Inuit subsistence and trade activities at a local level. We find that dog diets were largely composed of marine mammal protein, but that dogs on the north coast consumed more caribou and fish relative to dogs from the central and south coast sites. The diets of dogs from Double Mer Point were the most heterogenous of any site, suggesting long-distance movement of people and/or animals along the coast.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Magnell, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Mesolithic deer hunting- Prey choice of red deer (Cervus elaphus) based on age and sex distibutions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mesolithic hunting on red deer (Cervus elaphus) has been examined by analysis of prey choice through theage and sex distributions based on dentition and morphometry of zooarchaeological remains from fiveMesolithic settlements in Sweden dating to 9000–6000 cal BP. The results indicate a general selection of individualsaged 2–5 years at most sites, while the sex distribution was skewed toward either stags or hinds. Thehunting was directed towards animals that provided high immediate and short-term returns of meat. Few observationspoint to hunting patterns that would have been associated to conservational perspectives of the reddeer populations. A comparison indicates that local and site-specific differences in hunting practise can bediscerned which probably was related to local conditions linked to environment, function of sites and huntingtraditions, but no distinct correlation of hunting pattern to chronology or different regions. The study shows thepotential to evaluate kill-off patterns in relation to optimal foraging perspectives restricted to one prey species.
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| 6. |
- Salmi, Anna-Kaisa, et al.
(författare)
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Zooarchaeological and stable isotope evidence of Sámi reindeer offerings
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents new osteometric and stable isotope evidence of Sami reindeer offerings. Previous archaeological studies have shown that reindeer domestication and intensification of reindeer herding transformed Sami indigenous religion. However, because of the methodological challenges in the identification of wild and domesticated reindeer in the archaeological record, the exact nature of the relationship between people and offered reindeer has remained elusive. To address this problem, we analyze zooarchaeological and stable isotope data from thirteen Sami offering sites situated in Finland and Sweden and dating to c. 1200-1700 CE. We employ zooarchaeological analysis of age, sex and size and explore the possibilities of these analyses to identify domestication and other characteristics of reindeer selected for offering. Analyses of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur are utilized to identify human influence on reindeer feeding patterns and mobility. Our results show that many kinds of reindeer with different engagements with people were offered. The results confirm that people had different motives for giving offerings and that a simple dichotomy of wild/domesticated does not adequately reflect the range of relationships the Sami had with reindeer.
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| 7. |
- Storå, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Splitting bodies - A close-up study of a South Swedish bog deposition from the Pre-Roman Iron Age
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detailed taphonomic study of human and faunal remains recovered in a wetland in Southern Sweden is presented with specific focus on taphonomy, chronology and the possible practices associated with the handling of the remains of humans and animals, especially dogs. The finds from the wetland include remains of seven humans together with 21 dogs and skeletal remains of additionally 21 individuals of red fox, cattle, sheep, horse, red deer, and pig deposited in three pits located in different parts of the bog. Remains of five adults, three of which are female and of different age were identified in two of the pits as well as two children. The adults are represented by selected body parts only while the two children exhibit a more complete anatomical representation. Radiocarbon dating place the depositional activities mainly in the latest Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age (c.750-250 BCE), however, probably mainly in the latter part of the interval. Separate depositional events occurred in the 7th-8th century and 9th-10th centuries CE. There are taphonomic indications of pre-depositional handling of the bodies. Parts of human bodies were deposited when in some cases the bones were dry and in other cases when soft tissue still was present. The handling of the human body parts may be connected to a pars pro toto concept, including a ritual practice of individual bone circulation before deposition. Selective recovery needs to be considered but that or secondary movement of elements after deposition due to water movement cannot explain the patterns observed in the anatomical representation. A minimum of 17 dogs were deposited in the largest pit, probably as almost complete bodies. Two thirds of the recovered dog crania show evidence of healed traumatic injuries showing they were handled in a harsh manner in encounters with the humans. Other animals in the deposition were represented by selected parts of the bodies deposited both in a fresh state, probably as meat cuts, and by isolated elements. As a case study, the composition and character of the finds at Ostra Vemmerlov have to be considered unique in providing intriguing insights into the Latest Bronze Age/Earliest Iron Age wetland depositions, though parallels are found both locally and in a larger area, e.g. present day Denmark and Germany.
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| 8. |
- Gradoli, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cyprus and Sardinia in the Late Bronze Age: Nuragic table ware at Hala Sultan Tekke
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238 .- 2352-409X. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the course of the Swedish excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus, table ware and domestic pottery of unknown provenance were discovered in offering pits dating to the 13th century BCE. These vessels comprise six hand-made and black burnished vessels, all of which have close typological parallels in the Nuragic culture of Sardinia. Comparative petrographic investigation confirmed their Sardinian provenance. Other archaeometric analyses include FTIR on the Cypriot and Sardinian material, and NAA on the Sardinian vessels from Hala Sultan Tekke. These vessels further extend the nature of intercultural relations of the site, which comprise a vast area including the Aegean, Anatolia, the Levant and Egypt. The paper presents the archaeometric results and briefly discusses their implication for Cypro-Sardinian connections in the Late Bronze Age.
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| 9. |
- Macheridis, Stella, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling taphonomic histories at Old Uppsala, a Late Iron Age central place in Sweden, using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) has been applied to animal bones from the Late Iron Age (650–1050 CE) at the site of Old Uppsala, Sweden, to explore meat consumption and waste management at the site and to evaluate the inferential value of MCA, as indicated by earlier research using this technique. MCA describes variation within the data, which provides a platform from which to contextualize taphonomic traces at Old Uppsala. The data comprises bones from the many pit houses at Old Uppsala, categorized by taxon, anatomical parts and presence of taphonomic markers from burning, butchery, gnawing, trampling and weathering. The results show a clear variation in the distribution of animal bones between the pit houses. For example, differences in fragmentation degrees and in signs of bone exposure indicate different accumulation rates between the assemblages. The results also suggest that cultural practices affected the distribution of animal bones, especially in terms of spatial and social differences in animal consumption. The frequencies of bones from the axial skeleton, from pig, and possibly also from horse, differed within the settlement. We suggest that the uneven patterns of especially pig and horse bones were shaped by context specific meat consumption, influenced by the animal symbolism of the Old Norse societies, where these animals had strong, albeit different, symbolic connotations.
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| 10. |
- Macheridis, Stella, et al.
(författare)
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Fish in a barrel : Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) from the Baltic Sea wreck of the royal Danish flagship Gribshunden (1495)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1495, the royal Danish ship Gribshunden sank in the Baltic Sea, near the town of Ronneby. During archaeological excavations in 2019, a wooden barrel submerged inside the shipwreck revealed the almost complete and well-preserved remains of a sturgeon fish. In this paper, we present the find in terms of species identification, estimation of number of individuals, size reconstruction and butchery marks. Results show that the remains most likely derive from one specimen of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus). Species identification was made on morphological basis as well as ancient DNA analysis, using mitochondrial DNA for identification. Based on the location of chop marks, we argue that the sturgeon was chopped to larger pieces, before it was put in a wooden barrel and stored in the hold of Gribshunden. The high value of sturgeon during the late medieval period is key to understand its incidence on the royal flagship Gribshunden. The Danish King Hans was onboard the ship, on his way to Kalmar for a diplomatic summit to claim the Swedish throne. The ship carried valuable cargo, intended to impress the Swedish noblemen awaiting the king. The Gribshunden sturgeon is among the first examples derived from an underwater context, at least in the Baltic Sea. By the sheer quantity of the remains as well as its high contextual integrity, it is unique in a Scandinavian context.
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| 11. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeometallurgy of copper in the Middle Elamite period of southwestern Iran: Analytical investigation of various parts of the copper production in Haft Tappeh
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Elamite period (ca. 3000 to 640 BC) hosts one of the earliest kingdoms to arise on the Iranian Plateau, and its metallurgy displays significant technical and industrial sophistication in comparison with the prehistoric period industries in other regions of Iran. This paper presents results of an analytical study of different metallurgical materials from the important Middle Elamite site of Haft Tappeh (ca. 1400 BC), including slags, metallic ingots/prills and objects. The samples were analysed by chemical and microanalytical methods including, ICP-OES, SEM-EDS, WD-XRF, EPMA and thin section petrography. Based on the results, the primary copper smelting process applied at Haft Tappeh was a partially incomplete smelting process that may be interpreted as a two-step procedure, including partial smelting of copper from sulphidic ores leading to matte production and refining the copper ingots/prills to obtain metallic copper. Also, the cementation of copper and cassiterite was the main process used to make tin bronze ingots/prills; however, for producing bronze, the ancient Elamite metalworkers might have known the direct smelting of mixed copper-tin ores as well. A third technique used at Haft Tappeh was the manufacturing of different, small objects made of impure copper and/or tin bronze. Thus, it is probable to introduce the copper-base metallurgy in Haft Tappeh as three main stages including copper smelting from sulphidic copper ores, the refining of early copper ingots/prills and production of tin bronze in different ways.
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