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3rd International Conference on Material Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 26–28 April 2019, Shanghai, China
- 2020
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are very pleased to present the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technology (MEAMT 2019) that was held successfully under the auspices of IASED in Shanghai, China, April 26-28, 2019.The theme of the conference - Material Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technology - is of key importance to the science and technology and a sustainable industrial development. This conference promotes valuable contacts between academia and industry and addresses both basic research and the societal/industrial technological needs within Material Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Technology.In this era of Industry 4.0, we hope that the conference provided applicable data/information, addressed the issues in the societal/industrial transformation, and facilitated exchange within and between academia and industry.We want to express our gratitude to the program chairs and all members of the advisory, publicity, and technical committees for their valuable time and advices. We are grateful to the world renowned scientists who acted as keynote speakers at the conference.After a rigorous review process, where each paper was reviewed by at least two reviewers, high quality papers were accepted for presentation at this conference. We would like to thank all the reviewers for their time, effort, and for completing their assignments on time albeit tight deadlines.Many thanks to the authors for their valuable contributions and to the attendees for their active participation.Finally, a big thank to the organizers who made this conference to yet another unforgettable experience.Nader AsnafiProfessor of Mechanical Engineering, Örebro University, Sweden Editor of the proceedings of MEAMT 2019 One behalf of the conference committee.
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| 3. |
- Aam, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Vascular Risk Factors on Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment : The Nor-COAST Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is common, but evidence on the impact of vascular risk factors is lacking. We explored the association between pre-stroke vascular risk factors and PSCI and studied the course of PSCI.Materials and Methods: Vascular risk factors were collected at baseline in stroke survivors (n = 635). Cognitive assessments of attention, executive function, memory, language, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were performed at 3 and/or 18 months post-stroke. Stroke severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). PSCI was measured with global z; MoCA z-score; and z-score of the four assessed cognitive domains. Mixed-effect linear regression was applied with global z, MoCA z-score, and z-scores of the cognitive domains as dependent variables. Independent variables were the vascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, previous stroke), time, and the interaction between these. The analyses were adjusted for age, education, and sex. There were between 5 and 25% missing data for the variables for PSCI.Results: Mean age was 71.6 years (SD 11.7); 42% were females; and the mean NIHSS score at admittance was 3.8 (SD 4.8). Regardless of vascular risk factors, global z, MoCA, and all the assessed cognitive domains were impaired at 3 and 18 months, with MoCA being the most severely impaired. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was associated with poorer language at 18 months and coronary heart disease (CHD) with poorer MoCA at 18 months (LR =12.80, p = 0.002, and LR = 8.32, p = 0.004, respectively). Previous stroke was associated with poorer global z and attention at 3 and 18 months (LR = 15.46, p < 0.001, and LR = 16.20, p < 0.001). In patients without AF, attention improved from 3 to 18 months, and in patients without CHD, executive function improved from 3 to 18 months (LR = 10.42, p < 0.001, and LR = 9.33, p = 0.009, respectively).Discussion: Our findings indicate that a focal stroke lesion might be related to pathophysiological processes leading to global cognitive impairment. The poorer prognosis of PSCI in patients with vascular risk factors emphasizes the need for further research on complex vascular risk factor interventions to prevent PSCI.
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| 4. |
- Aarskog, Eirik, et al.
(författare)
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'When it's something that you want to do.' : Exploring curriculum negotiation in Norwegian PE
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - : Routledge. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 27:6, s. 640-653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Student participation in curriculum negotiation has been widely regarded as beneficial for student engagement, motivation, and learning. Within the physical education (PE) context however, several scholars claim that these benefits are seldom realized. Interestingly, most investigations into curriculum negotiation in PE focus on teacher actions and behavior. Investigations of students' actions in curriculum negotiation are rare. Further, while much of the literature claims curriculum negotiation is potentially beneficial for student learning, few of the conceptual and analytical frameworks utilized within previous PE literature are based on explicit learning theories.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore student participation in curriculum negotiation in Norwegian PE through the lens of an explicit learning theoretical perspective.Method: A 10th grade class with 23 students (age 15-16) and an 8th grade class with 30 students (age 13-14) from 2 different schools, and their respective teachers were recruited for the project. Within these classes, participatory observation, video observations, and stimulated recall interviews were conducted to produce empirical material related to curriculum negotiation. The material then underwent qualitative thematic analysis where select parts of John Dewey's educational philosophy were used as the analytical framework.Results and discussion: With a basis in the analytical framework developed from Deweyan educational philosophy, the results show that students within the two contexts participate in both explicit and implicit forms of curriculum negotiation. Explicit curriculum negotiations to a large degree appear to be governed by the teachers and are deemed by teachers to be part of strategies for upholding Norwegian legislations and recommendations for including students in curricular decision-making. While not as easily noticeable, implicit forms of negotiations were more prominent within the explored contexts. The analysis also suggests that from a Deweyan perspective, possibilities to increase learning through curriculum negotiations occur when teachers notice, help, and guide students in their own reflective processes surrounding how to act in PE. Such pedagogical action makes implicit negotiations occurring more explicit, and explicit negotiations more intelligent.
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| 5. |
- Aass, Lisbeth Kjelsrud, et al.
(författare)
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Family support and quality of community mental health care : Perspectives from families living with mental illness
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 31:7-8, s. 935-948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim and objectives: Describe patients' and family members' perceptions of family support from nurses and other mental healthcare professionals, and quality of care in community mental healthcare service. Further, compare the perceptions of patients and family members.Background: While patients value family involvement, family members feel unprepared and lack the necessary skills to be supportive. Since healthcare professionals predominantly focus on patients, they may fail to understand the complex needs of families. Family perceived support and quality of community mental health care may vary across patients and family members.Design and methods: Cross-sectional study with patients suffering from mental illness and family members in community mental healthcare services in Norway. Altogether 86 participants, of whom 33 patients and 33 family members had a family relationship-paired samples. Participants filled in the translated version of the Iceland Family Perceived Support Questionnaire (FPSQ-N) and Quality in Psychiatric Care-Community Out-Patient (QPC-COP) and Community Out-Patient Next of Kin (QPC-COPNK). STROBE checklist was used.Results: Family members scored family perceived support and quality of community mental health care lower than patients. Family members feel the loss of support. Patient and family members found the Patient-healthcare professionals' relationship to be of high quality, while family members gave low score to being respected and invited to take part in care by nurses and other mental healthcare professionals.Conclusion: Family members' unmet need of support highlights the need for nurses and other community mental healthcare professionals to assess complex family needs and to intervene. Barriers to collaboration exist, and family members need to be respected and invited into community mental health care. Relevance to clinical practice Contributes knowledge of how to meet the family's needs and provides a basis for further care and treatment development in similar contexts nationally and internationally.
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| 6. |
- Aass, Lisbeth Kjelsrud, et al.
(författare)
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It's Not a Race, It's a Marathon! : Families Living with a Young Adult Suffering from Mental Illness
- 2021
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 42:1, s. 15-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore families' perceptions of everyday life when living with a young adult suffering from mental illness. Findings include: 1) Families balance between letting go and enabling the young adult to become independent while remaining close to help him/her complete education, work and have a social life. 2) Young adults try to deal with symptoms of mental illness by themselves and not be a burden, although longing for family members to understand them and the situation. 3) Healthcare professionals still hold back information although young adults have consented to giving family members insight.
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| 7. |
- Aass, Lisbeth Kjelsrud, et al.
(författare)
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Young Adults and Their Families Living With Mental Illness : Evaluation of the Usefulness of Family-Centered Support Conversations in Community Mental Health care Settings
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Family Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1074-8407 .- 1552-549X. ; 26:4, s. 302-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Family-Centered Support Conversations (FCSC) offered in community mental health care in Norway to young adults and their families experiencing mental illness. The FCSC is a family nursing intervention based on the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models and the Illness Beliefs Model and is focused on how family members can be supportive to each other, how to identify strengths and resources of the family, and how to share and reflect on the experiences of everyday life together while living with mental illness. Interviews were conducted with young adults and their family members in Norway who had received the FCSC intervention and were analyzed using phenomenography. Two descriptive categories were identified: "Facilitating the sharing of reflections about everyday life" and "Possibility of change in everyday life." The family nursing conversations about family structure and function in the context of mental illness allowed families to find new meanings and possibilities in everyday life. Health care professionals can play an important role in facilitating a safe environment for young adults and their families to talk openly about the experience of living with and managing mental illness.
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| 8. |
- Abad, Esteban, et al.
(författare)
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Air monitoring with passive samplers for dioxin-like persistent organic pollutants in developing countries (2017-2019)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 287:Pt 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the global monitoring plan on persistent organic pollutants (GMP) under the Stockholm Convention passive air samplers equipped with polyurethane foam disks (PUFs) were applied to monitor dioxin-like POPs. For sampling, toluene-pretreated PUFs were exposed for three months during two years. Chemical analysis was performed in one accredited expert laboratory using internationally accepted methods; for comparison, all results were normalized to one PUF and 3 month exposure. Total TEQs, using WHO2005-TEFs, were lowest in the Pacific Islands countries (PAC) and had similar mean values in Africa (16.8 pg TEQ/PUF), Asia (16.9 pg TEQ/PUF), and Latin American and Caribbean countries (GRULAC, 13.3 pg TEQ/PUF). Using median values, Asia (13.4 pg TEQ/PUF) and GRULAC (13.1 pg TEQ/PUF) had higher amounts than Africa (6.1 pg TEQ/PUF) and PAC (2.1 pg TEQ/PUF). The contribution of PCDD/PCDF to the total TEQ was 2-3-times higher than from the dl-PCB. Mono-ortho PCB did not play a role in any of the samples. The previous 40 samples during 2010/2011 and the present 195 samples from 2017/2018 did not show a statistical difference (p value = 0.3), only for GRULAC, a downward trend was identified. It is recommended combining 4 PUFs to ‘annual’ samples.
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| 9. |
- Abalo, Ernesto, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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An environmental problem in the making : how media logic molds scientific uncertainty in the production of news about artificial turf in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Science Communication. - : SISSA Medialab. - 1824-2049. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to contribute knowledge about how an environmental issue is discursively forged notwithstanding the prevalence of significant scientific uncertainty. This is done by studying the production of news about artificial turf as a microplastic pollutant in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 journalists and editors, public officials, politicians, industry representatives and experts, all involved in the issue of artificial turf. The study shows how media logic, among other factors, informs the interpretations of the uncertainties surrounding artificial turf as an environmental problem and concludes that the power of media logic needs to be considered also in the construction of other scientifically charged issues.
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| 10. |
- Abalo, Ernesto, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering the truthful individual Communicating media literacy in the comic Bamse
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordicom Review. - : Nordicom. - 1403-1108 .- 2001-5119. ; 42:1, s. 109-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the construction of media literacy in a special issue on source criticism of the Swedish children's comic Bamse - Varldens Starkaste Bjorn [Bamse - The World's Strongest Bear]. This is done with the purpose of understanding what values, perspectives, and practices are promoted when media literacy is communicated via children's edutainment media. Using narrative and discourse analysis, we problematise how notions of truth (such as post-truth) guide much of the discourse on digital media in today's post-political society, and how that and individualisation shape notions of media literacy. This is visible in the analysed case in how source criticism is constructed in relation to notions of truth and falsehood, and as moral lessons aimed at the individual media user. We argue that such an individualised, decontextualised, and depoliticised take on media literacy is problematic and an expression of neoliberalism and a middle-class gaze.
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| 11. |
- Abatecola, G., et al.
(författare)
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Do organizations really co-evolve? : Problematizing co-evolutionary change in management and organization studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This conceptual article discusses and, from some aspects, also problematizes the state-of-the-art regarding co-evolutionary research in Management and Organization Studies (MOS). Analyzing 76 characteristic studies published since 2000, we address three simple, significant questions: What co-evolves? What causal relationships are considered? What are the theoretical processes? The motivation behind our contribution is twofold: on the one hand, the turn of the century witnessed the remarkable growth of inquiries which, at face value, have claimed to be “co-evolutionary”; but, on the other hand, specific analyses about where this fast-growing meta-theoretical perspective on social change is now, and where it could move towards in the future, are still missing in MOS. Our study reveals increasing heterogeneity in defining what co-evolves and the associated causal relationships. It also reveals the prevailing scarcity in explaining what processes substantially characterize co-evolution in MOS. With a view to shaping the future direction of research in this area, we propose four core principles that theoretically set the co-evolutionary project apart.
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| 12. |
- Abatecola, Gianpaolo, et al.
(författare)
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How can biases affect entrepreneurial decision making? toward a behavioral approach to unicorns
- 2022
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Ingår i: The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. - : Springer. - 1554-7191 .- 1555-1938. ; 18:2, s. 693-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can cognitive biases affect the birth and evolution of entrepreneurial ventures? In Entrepreneurial Decision Making (EDM), this lively research question remains largely unaddressed when the world of Unicorns, as a per se entrepreneurial species, is considered. Thus, through this conceptual article, we aim to contribute toward knowledge creation in this context. We start by proposing a conceptual framework of Unicorns’ EDM based on a behavioral approach. Through three propositions, this novel framework advances how the birth, transition, and consolidation of a Unicorn may be explained by the sequentially intertwined occurrence of biases, from which establishment and legitimization eventually emerge. We complement the framework with examples from the social media industry and then discuss its main implications for theory and practice.
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| 13. |
- Abawi, Akram, et al.
(författare)
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Five-Year Follow-Up After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease : A Single-Center Experience
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular. - 0102-7638 .- 1678-9741. ; 39:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: There is no consensus on the impact of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Therefore, the objective of this study was, in a single-center setting, to evaluate the five-year outcome of transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients with or without coronary artery disease.METHODS: All transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients between 2009 and 2019 were included and grouped according to the presence or absence of coronary artery disease. The primary endpoint, five-year all-cause mortality, was evaluated using Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, procedure years, and comorbidities. Comorbidities interacting with coronary artery disease were evaluated with interaction tests. In-hospital complications was the secondary endpoint.RESULTS: In total, 176 patients had aortic stenosis and concomitant coronary artery disease, while 170 patients had aortic stenosis only. Mean follow-up was 2.2±1.6 years. There was no difference in the adjusted five-year all-cause mortality between transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients with and without coronary artery disease (hazard ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.59-1.70, P=0.99). In coronary artery disease patients, impaired renal function, peripheral arterial disease, or ejection fraction < 50% showed a significant interaction effect with higher five-year all-cause mortality. No significant differences in complications between the groups were found.CONCLUSION: Five-year mortality did not differ between transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients with or without coronary artery disease. However, in patients with coronary artery disease and impaired renal function, peripheral arterial disease, or ejection fraction < 50%, we found significantly higher five-year all-cause mortality.
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| 14. |
- Abdalla, Mohammed A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of pharmacological interventions on lipid profiles and C-reactive protein in polycystic ovary syndrome : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 96:4, s. 443-459
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition affecting women of reproductive age. It is associated with dyslipidaemia and elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), which increase the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective: To review the existing evidence on the effects of different pharmacological interventions on lipid profiles and CRP of women with PCOS.Data Sources: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science in April 2020 and updated the results in March 2021.Study Selection: The study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and follows the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).Data Extraction: Two independent researchers extracted data and assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Covidence systematic review software were used for blinded screening and study selection.Data Synthesis: In 29 RCTs, there were significant reductions in triglycerides with atorvastatin versus placebo [mean difference (MD): -0.21 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.39, -0.03, I-2 = 0%, moderate grade evidence]. Significant reductions were seen for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with metformin versus placebo [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.41; 95% CI: -0.85, 0.02, I-2 = 59%, low grade evidence]. Significant reductions were also seen for total cholesterol with saxagliptin versus metformin (MD: -0.15 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.08, I-2 = 0%, very low grade evidence). Significant reductions in C-reactive protein (CRP) were seen for atorvastatin versus placebo (MD: -1.51 mmol/L; 95% CI: -3.26 to 0.24, I-2 = 75%, very low-grade evidence).Conclusion: There were significant reductions in the lipid parameters when metformin, atorvastatin, saxagliptin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were compared with placebo or other agents. There was also a significant reduction of CRP with atorvastatin.
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| 15. |
- Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of metformin on the clinical and metabolic parameters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Sage Publications. - 2042-0188 .- 2042-0196. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, and metformin is a widely used medication in managing this condition.Aim: To review the available literature comprehensively on the therapeutic impact of metformin on the clinical and metabolic parameters of women with PCOS.Data source: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and the Web of Science and selected sources for grey literature from their inception to April 2020. An updated search in PubMed was performed in June 2022.Data synthesis: Two reviewers selected eligible studies and extracted data, and the review is reported following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).Results: In 24 eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 564 participants who received metformin therapy, metformin was associated with significant reduction in body weight by 3.13 kg (95% CI: -5.33, -0.93), body mass index (BMI) by 0.82 kg/m(2) (95% CI: -1.22, -0.41), fasting blood glucose [standardised mean difference (SMD): -0.23; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.06], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD: -0.41; 95% CI: -0.85, 0.03), total testosterone (SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.49, -0.17), androstenedione (SMD: -0.45; 95% CI: -0.70, -0.20), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) (SMD: -0.58; 95% CI: -1.16, 0.00) and increase the likelihood of clinical pregnancy rate [odds ratio (OR): 3.00; 95% CI: 1.95, 4.59] compared with placebo.Conclusion: In women with PCOS, metformin use has shown a positive impact in reducing body weight, BMI, total testosterone, androstenedione, 17-OHP, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose and increasing the likelihood of pregnancy in women with PCOS.
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| 16. |
- Abdalla, Mohammed A., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of pharmacological interventions on anthropometric indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 96:6, s. 758-780
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition affecting women of reproductive age and is associated with increased body weight.Objective: To review the literature on the effect of different pharmacological interventions on the anthropometric indices in women with PCOS.Data sources: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science in April 2020 with an update in PubMed in March 2021.Study selection: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)2020.Data extraction: Reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Results: 80 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Metformin vs placebo showed significant reduction in the mean body weight (MD: -3.13 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.33 to -0.93, I-2 = 5%) and the mean body mass index (BMI) (MD: -0.75 kg/m(2); 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.36, I-2 = 0%). There was a significant reduction in the mean BMI with orlistat versus placebo (MD: -1.33 kg/m(2); 95% CI: -2.16 to -0.66, I-2 = 0.0%), acarbose versus metformin (MD: -1.26 kg/m(2); 95% CI: -2.13 to -0.38, I-2 = 0%), and metformin versus pioglitazone (MD: -0.91 kg/m(2); 95% CI: -1.62 to -0.19, I-2 = 0%). A significant increase in the mean BMI was also observed in pioglitazone versus placebo (MD: + 2.59 kg/m(2); 95% CI: 1.78-3.38, I-2 = 0%) and in rosiglitazone versus metformin (MD: + 0.80 kg/m(2); 95% CI: 0.32-1.27, I-2 = 3%). There was a significant reduction in the mean waist circumference (WC) with metformin versus placebo (MD: -1.21 cm; 95% CI: -3.71 to 1.29, I-2 = 0%) while a significant increase in the mean WC with pioglitazone versus placebo (MD: + 5.45 cm; 95% CI: 2.18-8.71, I-2 = 0%).Conclusion: Pharmacological interventions including metformin, sitagliptin, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone orlistat, and acarbose have significant effects on the anthropometric indices in women with PCOS.
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| 17. |
- Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of pharmacological interventions on biochemical hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer. - 0932-0067 .- 1432-0711.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age and is characterised by biochemical and clinical androgen excess.Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological interventions used to decrease androgen hormones in women with PCOS.Data source: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library and the Web of Science from inception up to March 2021. Data synthesis Two reviewers selected eligible studies and extracted data, and the review is reported according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).Results: Of the 814 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) located in the search, 92 met the eligibility criteria. There were significant reductions in total testosterone level with metformin versus (vs) placebo (SMD: - 0.33; 95% CI - 0.49 to - 0.17, p < 0.0001, moderate grade evidence) and dexamethasone vs placebo (MD:-0.86 nmol/L; 95% CI - 1.34 to - 0.39, p = 0.0004, very low-grade evidence). Significant reductions in the free testosterone with sitagliptin vs placebo (SMD: - 0.47; 95% CI - 0.97 to 0.04, p = 0.07, very low-grade evidence), in dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) with flutamide vs finasteride (MD: - 0.37 mu g/dL; 95% CI - 0.05 to - 0.58, p = 0.02, very low-grade evidence), a significant reduction in androstenedione (A4) with rosiglitazone vs placebo (SMD: - 1.67; 95% CI - 2.27 to - 1.06; 59 participants, p < 0.00001, very low-grade evidence), and a significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (35 mu g Ethinyl Estradiol (EE)/2 mg cyproterone acetate (CPA)) vs placebo (MD: 103.30 nmol/L; 95% CI 55.54-151.05, p < 0.0001, very low-grade evidence) were observed.Conclusion: Metformin, OCP, dexamethasone, flutamide, and rosiglitazone use were associated with a significant reduction in biochemical hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS, though their individual use may be limited due to their side effects.PROSPERO registration No CRD42020178783.
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| 18. |
- Abdalla, Mohammed A., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 96:3, s. 371-394
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by insulin resistance and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective was to review the literature on the effect of different pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with PCOS.Design: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library and the Web of Science in April 2020 and updated in March 2021. The study follows the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-ana. Reviwers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Results: In 58 randomized controlled trials there were significant reductions in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) with metformin versus placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.40, -0.06; I-2 = 0%, low-grade evidence), and acarbose versus metformin (mean difference [MD]: -10.50 mg/dl; 95% CI: -15.76, -5.24; I-2 = 0%, low-grade evidence). Significant reductions in fasting insulin (FI) with pioglitazone versus placebo (SMD: -0.55; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.07; I-2 = 37%; p = .02, very-low-grade evidence). A significant reduction in homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was seen with exenatide versus metformin (MD: -0.34; 95% CI: -0.65, -0.03; I-2 = 0%, low-grade evidence). No effect on homoeostatic model assessment of beta cells (HOMA-B) was observed.Conclusions: Pharmacological interventions, including metformin, acarbose, pioglitazone and exenatide have significant effects on FBG, FI, HOMA-IR but not on HOMA-B.
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| 19. |
- Abdelrahman, Islam, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Pros and Cons of Early and Late Skin Grafting in Children with Burns : Evaluation of Common Concepts
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Burn Journal. - : MDPI. - 2673-1991. ; 3:1, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is no consensus regarding the timing of surgery in children with smaller burn size, specifically in deep dermal burns. Delayed surgery has risks in terms of infection and delayed wound healing. Early surgery also risks the removal of potentially viable tissue. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the timing of surgical intervention on the size of the area operated on and the time to wound healing. Methods: A retrospective analysis for all children (<18 years) with burn size <20% body surface area (BSA%) during 2009–2020 who were operated on with a split-thickness skin graft. The patients were grouped by the timing of the first skin graft operation: early = operated on within 14 days of injury; delayed = operated on more than two weeks after injury. Results: A total of 84 patients were included in the study, 43 who had an early operation and 41 who had a delayed operation. There were no differences between the groups regarding burn size, or whether the burns were superficial or deep. The mean duration of healing time was seven days longer in the group with delayed operation (p = 0.001). The area operated on was somewhat larger (not significantly so) in the group who had early operation. Nine children had two skin graft operations, eight in the early group and one in the delayed group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The patients who were operated on early had the advantage of a shorter healing time, but there was a higher rate of complementary operations and a tendency towards a larger burn excision.
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| 20. |
- Abdolahpur Monikh, Fazel, et al.
(författare)
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Parental and trophic transfer of nanoscale plastic debris in an assembled aquatic food chain as a function of particle size
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Springer. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The existing limitations in analytical techniques for characterization and quantification of nanoscale plastic debris (NPD) in organisms hinder understanding of the parental and trophic transfer of NPD in organisms. Herein, we used iron oxide-doped polystyrene (PS) NPD (Fe-PS-NPD) of 270 nm and Europium (Eu)-doped PS-NPD (Eu-PS-NPD) of 640 nm to circumvent these limitations and to evaluate the influence of particle size on the trophic transfer of NPD along an algae-daphnids food chain and on the reproduction of daphnids fed with NPD-exposed algae. We used Fe and Eu as proxies for the Fe-PS-NPD and Eu-Ps-NPD, respectively. The algae cells (Pseudokirchinella subcapitata) were exposed to 4.8 × 1010 particles/L of Fe-PS-NPD or Eu-PS-NPD for 72 h. A high percentage (>60%) of the NPD was associated with algal cells. Only a small fraction (<11%) of the NPD, however, was transferred to daphnids fed for 21 days on the NPD-exposed algae. The uptake and trophic transfer of the 270 nm Fe-PS-NPD were higher than those for the 640 nm Eu-PS-NPD, indicating that smaller NPD are more likely to transfer along food chains. After exposure to Fe-PS-NPD, the time to first brood was prolonged and the number of neonates per adult significantly decreased compared to the control without any exposure and compared to daphnids exposed to the Eu-Ps-NPD. The offspring of daphnids exposed to Eu-PS-NPD through algae, showed a traceable concentration of Eu, suggesting that NPD are transferred from parents to offspring. We conclude that NPD can be transferred in food chains and caused reproductive toxicity as a function of NPD size. Studies with prolonged exposure and weathered NPD are endeavored to increase environmental realism of the impacts determined.
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| 21. |
- Abdullaev, F. Kh., et al.
(författare)
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Management of solitons in medium with competing cubic and quadratic nonlinearities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Optik (Stuttgart). - : Elsevier. - 0030-4026 .- 1618-1336. ; 274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Management of solitons in media with competing quadratic and cubic nonlinearities is investigated. Two schemes, using rapid modulations of a mismatch parameter, and of the Kerr nonlinearity parameter are studied. For both cases, the averaged in time wave equations are derived. In the case of mismatch management, the region of the parameters where stabilization is possible is found. In the case of Kerr nonlinearity management, it is shown that the effective chi(2) nonlinearity depends on the intensity imbalance between fundamental (FH) and second (SH) harmonics. Predictions obtained from the averaged equations are confirmed by numerical simulations of the full PDE’s.
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| 22. |
- Abdullaev, F Kh, et al.
(författare)
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Matter waves in atomic-molecular BEC with Feshbach resonance management
- 2021
-
Ingår i: OSA Nonlinear Optics 2021. - : Optical Society of America. - 9781943580972
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamics of matter waves in the atomic to molecular condensate transition with a time modulated atomic scattering length is investigated. The conditions for dynamical suppression of association of atoms into the molecular field are obtained.
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| 23. |
- Abdullaev, F. Kh., et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinearity managed vector solitons
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters A. - : Elsevier. - 0375-9601 .- 1873-2429. ; 491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of vector solitons under nonlinearity management is studied. The averaged over strong and rapid modulations in time of the inter-species interactions vector Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) is derived. The averaging gives the appearance of the effective nonlinear quantum pressure depending on the population of the other component. Using this system of equations, the existence and stability of the vector solitons under the action of the strong nonlinearity management (NM) is investigated. Using a variational approach the parameters of NM vector solitons are found. The numerical simulations of the full time-dependent coupled GPE confirms the theoretical predictions.
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| 24. |
- Abdullaev, Fatkhulla, et al.
(författare)
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Matter waves in atomic-molecular condensates with Feshbach resonance management
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1063-651X .- 1095-3787. ; 104:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of matter waves in the atomic to molecular condensate transition with a time-modulated atomic scattering length is investigated. Both the cases of rapid and slow modulations are studied. In the case of rapid modulations, the average over oscillations for the system is derived. The corresponding conditions for dynamical suppression of the association of atoms into the molecular field, or of second-harmonic generation in nonlinear optical systems, are obtained. For the case of slow modulations, we find resonant enhancement in the molecular field. We then illustrate chaos in the atomic-molecular BEC system. We suggest a sequential application of the two types of modulations, slow and rapid, when producing molecules.
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| 25. |
- Abrandt Dahlgren, Madeleine, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding clinical reasoning : A phenomenographic study with entry-level physiotherapy students
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 38:13, s. 2817-2826
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Entry-level students' conceptualizations of clinical reasoning can provide a starting point for program planning related to clinical reasoning development with a focus on patient-centered care.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to explore how physiotherapy students understand clinical reasoning midway through their education. Nine physiotherapy students were interviewed at the end of their third semester.METHODS: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. A phenomenographic approach to qualitative data analysis, seeking to explore variations in students' conceptions was applied.RESULTS: The students' ways of understanding clinical reasoning could be described as: 1) the cognitive process of the physiotherapist; and 2) the relational process of the collaborative partnership between the physiotherapist and the patient. A contrastive analysis shows how the cognitive and relational perspectives are developed through the relationships among three dimensions of clinical reasoning: 1) problem-solving; 2) context of working; and 3) own learning.CONCLUSION: By identifying the critical variation in students' conceptions of clinical reasoning, focus can be placed on pedagogical arrangements to facilitate students' progression toward a person-centered approach.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Abreu-Mendes, Pedro, et al.
(författare)
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Myofascial Pelvic Pain : Best Orientation and Clinical Practice. Position of the European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel on Chronic Pelvic Pain
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Urology Focus. - : Elsevier. - 2405-4569. ; 9:1, s. 172-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Despite the high prevalence of a myofascial pain component in chronic pelvic pain (CPP) syndromes, awareness and management of this component are lacking among health care providers.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current state of the art for the management of myofascial pain in chronic primary pelvic pain syndromes (CPPPS) according to scientific research and input from experts from the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines panel on CPP.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A narrative review was undertaken using three sources: (1) information in the EAU guidelines on CPP; (2) information retrieved from the literature on research published in the past 3 yr on myofascial pelvic pain; and (3) expert opinion from panel members.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Studies confirm a high prevalence of a myofascial pain component in CPPPS. Examination of the pelvic floor muscles should follow published recommendations to standardize findings and disseminate the procedure. Treatment of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and pain in the context of CPP was found to contribute to CPP control and is feasible via different physiotherapy techniques. A multidisciplinary approach is the most effective.CONCLUSIONS: Despite its high prevalence, the myofascial component of CPP has been underevaluated and undertreated to date. Myofascial pain must be assessed in all patients with CPPPS. Treatment of the myofascial pain component is relevant for global treatment success. Further studies are imperative to reinforce and better define the role of each physiotherapy technique in CPPPS.PATIENT SUMMARY: Pain and inflammation of the body's muscle and soft tissues (myofascial pain) frequently occurs in pelvic pain syndromes. Its presence must be evaluated to optimize management for each patient. If diagnosed, myofascial pain should be treated.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic value of repeated comprehensive investigation with CT urography and cystoscopy for recurrent macroscopic haematuria
- 2024
-
Ingår i: BJUI Compass. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2688-4526. ; 5:2, s. 253-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To perform a descriptive analysis of a series of patients with recurrent macroscopic haematuria after a primary standard evaluation including computed tomography urography (CTU) and cystoscopy negative for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and to identify potential factors associated with occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria.Methods: All patients older than 50 years who underwent urological investigation for macroscopic haematuria with both cystoscopy and CTU 2015-2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A descriptive analysis of the primary and later investigations for recurrent macroscopic haematuria was performed. To investigate the association between explanatory variables and the occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria, a Poisson regression analysis was performed.Results: A total of 1395 eligible individuals with primary standard investigation negative for UBC and UTUC were included. During a median follow-up of 6.2 (IQR 5.3-7) years, 248 (18%) patients had recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom six patients were diagnosed with UBC, two with prostate cancer, one with renal cell carcinoma and one had a suspected UTUC at the repeated investigation. Within 3 years, 148 patients (11%) experienced recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom two patients were diagnosed with low-grade UBC (TaG1-2), one with T2G3 UBC and one with low-risk prostate cancer. The presence of an indwelling catheter, use of antithrombotic medication, pathological findings at CTU or cystoscopy or history of pelvic radiotherapy were all statistically significant independent predictors for increased risk for recurrent macroscopic haematuria.Conclusion: In the case of recurrent macroscopic haematuria within 3 years of primary standard evaluation for urinary tract cancer, there was a low risk of later urological malignancies in patients initially negative for UBC and UTUC. Therefore, waiting 3 years before conducting another complete investigation in cases of recurrent macroscopic haematuria might be appropriate.
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| 31. |
- Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al.
(författare)
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Do not throw out the baby with the bath water
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 56:3, s. 235-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 32. |
- Abuhasanein, Suleiman, et al.
(författare)
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Standardized care pathways for patients with suspected urinary bladder cancer: the Swedish experience
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 56:3, s. 227-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To compare time intervals to diagnosis and treatment, tumor characteristics, and management in patients with primary urinary bladder cancer, diagnosed before and after the implementation of a standardized care pathway (SCP) in Sweden. Materials and methods Data from the Swedish National Register of Urinary Bladder Cancer was studied before (2011-2015) and after (2016-2019) SCP. Data about time from referral to transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), patients and tumor characteristics, and management were analyzed. Subgroup analyses were performed for cT1 and cT2-4 tumors. Results Out of 26,795 patients, median time to TURBT decreased from 37 to 27 days after the implementation of SCP. While the proportion of cT2-T4 tumors decreased slightly (22-21%, p < 0.001), this change was not stable over time and the proportions cN + and cM1 remained unchanged. In the subgroups with cT1 and cT2-4 tumors, the median time to TURBT decreased and the proportions of patients discussed at a multidisciplinary team conference (MDTC) increased after SCP. In neither of these subgroups was a change in the proportions of cN + and cM1 observed, while treatment according to guidelines increased after SCP in the cT1 group. Conclusion After the implementation of SCP, time from referral to TURBT decreased and the proportion of patients discussed at MDTC increased, although not at the levels recommended by guidelines. Thus, our findings point to the need for measures to increase adherence to SCP recommendations and to guidelines.
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| 33. |
- Aburawi, Elhadi H., et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetics of conotruncal congenital heart disease : Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:4
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Conotruncal congenital heart defects (CTD) are a subset of congenital heart diseases (CHD) that involve structural anomalies of the right, left, or both cardiac outflow tracts. CHD is caused by multifactorial inheritance and changes in the genes or chromosomes. Recently, CHD was found to be due to epigenetic alterations, which are a combination of genetic and other environmental factors. Epigenetics is the study of how a gene's function changes as a result of environmental and behavioral influences. These causative factors can indirectly cause CHD by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications. This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to explore whether the strength of association between various epigenetic changes and CTD types varies by race. Furthermore, to determine and compare the changes in gene expression of each mutation.METHODS: Our protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive pre-search has been developed in PubMed and PubMed's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The final search will be performed in June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIANHL, and PsycInfo, without restrictions on publication years. The Covidence systematic review software will be used for blinded screening and selection. Conflicts will be resolved by a third, independent reviewer. The risk of bias in selected studies will be assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The data to be extracted will cover basic information on the included studies, study sample size, number of patients with various types of epigenetic changes, number of patients with various CTD types, measures of association and their 95% confidence interval between each epigenetic change and each CTD. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospero Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) [CRD42023377597].DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this protocol outlines the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the epigenetics of CTD. There is a growing body of evidence on epigenetics and its indirect involvement in disease by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications in the genes associated with the causative factors for CHD. We will conduct a comprehensive and systematic search for literature in the above-mentioned seven core biomedical databases. It is very important to identify population-specific risk factors for CHD, which will have significant creative, custom-made, and effective prevention programs for the future generation.
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| 34. |
- Abzhandadze, Tamar, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Stroke Care in Patients With Dementia Compared to Other Stroke Patients
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 25:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of stroke care for patients with preexisting dementia, compared with patients who had only stroke. The secondary aim was to investigate how the quality of stroke care changed during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods compared with the pre-pandemic period in patients with preexisting dementia.DESIGN: A registry-based, nationwide cohort study in Sweden.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We included patients with a first stroke between 2019 and 2022, both with and without dementia. The study periods were defined as follows: pre-pandemic (January 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020), COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 24, 2022), and post-COVID-19 pandemic period (February 25, 2022, to September 19, 2022). The outcomes examined were the following quality indicators of stroke care, suggested by the national guideline of stroke care in Sweden: stroke admission site, performance of swallowing assessment, reperfusion treatment, assessment for rehabilitation, and early supported discharge.METHODS: The associations were studied through group comparisons and binary logistic regressions.RESULTS: Of the 21,795 stroke patients, 1357 had documented preexisting dementia, and 20,438 had stroke without a dementia diagnosis. Throughout all study periods, a significantly lower proportion of stroke patients with preexisting dementia, compared with stroke-only patients, received reperfusion treatment, assessments for rehabilitation, and early supported discharge from stroke units. In the subgroup of stroke patients with preexisting dementia, no significant associations were found regarding the quality indicators of stroke care before, during, and after the pandemic.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Disparities in quality of stroke care were observed between stroke patients with preexisting dementia and those with only stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there were no statistically significant differences in stroke care for patients with dementia across the pandemic.
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| 35. |
- Acale Sánchez, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Competent Criminal Law
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Gender-Competent Legal Education. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031143595 - 9783031143601 ; , s. 429-465
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The following chapter deals with the general and special part of criminal law from a gender perspective. It analyses, in particular, the provisions from the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, the Istanbul Convention, from 2011. The Istanbul Convention is the most comprehensive international legal instrument that outlines binding obligations to states to prevent and combat violence against women and girls. Furthermore, the Istanbul Convention contains several institutes and behaviours that have to be criminalised in the respective national jurisdictions, covering and combining dogmatics and criminal policy issues with a foundation substantially based on gender. The chapter also explores gender issues in a more general way, interpreting criminal law and its challenges towards gender equality. The special part raises questions regarding criminal law and its compatibility with the Istanbul Convention and national laws.
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| 36. |
- Ackum, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Vi tar fram en handfast plan för en omstart av Sverige
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :27 april
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det är /.../ fullt möjligt att tänka strategiskt och systematiskt även i brinnande kris. Omstartskommissionen hoppas kunna bidra till fokus, analys och konkreta policyförslag för att stödja Sveriges långsiktiga inriktning. Vi kommer att under våren och sommaren anordna seminarier och hearings om vårt arbete, delrapporter ska läggas fram – och när budgetarbetet börjar och Riksdagen öppnar, vill vi kunna bidra med en rejäl och handfast plan för hur vi omstartar Sverige.
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| 37. |
- Adam, Sandy, et al.
(författare)
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Playing by the rules of academia? : The impact of an international research project on the professional identity development of early-career academics in sport management
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Educational Research Open. - : Elsevier. - 2666-3740. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine how participating in an international research project (IRP) can impact the way early-career academics (ECAs) perceive academia and thus their professional identity development. Based on neoinstitutional theory, we examine autoethnographic memory stories of six ECAs within sport management who participated in an international research project (IRP). These ECAs experienced an important professional socialization process into the institutional logics of sport management academia. We found that the academics' perception of doing research was influenced by reflection processes of and within the prevailing logics of the organizational field of sport management academia. ECAs benefit from participating in IRPs as they foster the ability to develop career decisions that will benefit them personally and professionally. The paper highlights opportunities of IRPs in contributing to transferable skill development for ECAs and concludes with recommendations for doctoral students and educators.
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| 38. |
- Adami, Elisabetta, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial multimodality and society
- 2024
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Ingår i: Multimodality & Society. - : Sage Publications. - 2634-9795 .- 2634-9809.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This issue, the first of volume 4, marks the start of Multimodality & Society’s fourth year and provides a good moment to look across the past 3 years to review and reflect on the journal’s contribution to multimodality. Multimodality & Society aims to consolidate and advance multimodal theory, methodologies, and empirical understanding of interaction and communication. This editorial considers the collective contribution of the 12 issues published to date and points to how the journal can continue to push the boundaries of multimodality forward. We highlight the significance of the journal’s expansion of multimodal formats, and several directions embedded in the journal scope which we have advanced.
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| 39. |
- Adaszak, Sofie, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating barriers and facilitators to support victims of violence in a close relationship with cognitive disability : Social workers´ perspectives
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The risk of violence in close relationships is higher for people with cognitive disabilities than in the general population. This is due to social isolation, and physical or financial dependence on others in everyday activities. To enable adequate protection for these victims, social workers need to take decisions and provide support that is based on knowledge about both violence and disability-related needs. By contrast, people with cognitive disabilities are de facto less likely to be provided with support adapted to their needs. Therefore, this study explores how social workers navigate barriers and facilitating aspects to support victims of violence with cognitive disabilities.Data were collected in individual interviews with 18 social workers, and analysed using content analysis. The inclusion criteria were 3 years or more experience in identifying and/or assessing exposure to violence in close relationships among people with cognitive disabilities.The emerging categories illustrate how social workers face dilemmas when navigating the balance between individuals’ rights for self-determination and complex needs for protection and support. The policies that frame social workers' practice in Sweden are discussed in relation to the need for flexible interventions and accessible support based on interprofessional collaboration related to violence and cognitive disability. The categories also problematize the power dynamics involved and how different actors’ experiences, values, and power influence the support process. The different actors involved add to the complexity that social workers need to navigate.This presentation focus on how social workers' practice is governed and hindered by policy, a focus on individuals' rights for self-determination, and the need to support and protect a group that may have difficulties to identify both violence and their needs for support.
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| 40. |
- Addjin-Tettey, Theodora Dame, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Sustainable Journalism in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Annual conference 2021 Bergen. ; , s. 103-103
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainable Journalism has been developed and advocated by Peter Berglez, Ulrika Olausson and Mart Ots to respond to present and future global sustainability challenges as well as future sustainability of journalism. The relevance and contribution of Sustainable Journalism as a concept and practice is twofold. First, the concept refers to a journalism that integrates the three sustainability dimensions and does not isolate environmental issues from social and economic conditions. Second, Sustainable Journalism also addresses two intertwined challenges of our time: the sustainability crisis of society and the sustainability crisis of journalism itself. Having been developed in the north and still in its epistemological infancy, we found a need to explore its various dimensions and applications further in the south. Consequently, we critically explored how sustainable journalisms hould be defined and practised in sub-Saharan Africa. Stakeholder discussions were held with journalists, news editors and representatives of media development organisations in Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, and Kenya to ascertain what they made of Sustainable Journalism and its application in SSA. With the trend of political actors dominating media ownership, resulting in limited editorial independence and polarized media; and insufficient financial sustainability connected to poor quality reporting, among others, we propose that sustainable Journalism should be context driven. Consequently, all media environments should be encouraged to tailor their own way of practicing Sustainable Journalism based on their unique social, environmental and economic circumstances. We also suggest the establishment of a Sustainable Journalism Partnership in sub-Saharan Africa to enhance the development and implementation of the concept.
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| 41. |
- Adestam, Johan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Associationsrättens grunder
- 2022. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En betydande del av näringslivet och civilsamhället bedrivs av och i olika slags associationer. Associationsrätt handlar om de regler som möjliggör och styr verksamheten i associationerna. Associationsrättens grunder ger en systematisk överblick över rättsområdet och dess centrala problem. Fokus ligger på allmänna bolags- och föreningsformer, men boken redogör även för regleringen av stiftelser. I boken diskuteras frågor om juridisk personlighet, ansvar för förpliktelser, beslutsfattande, företrädarskap, medlemsskydd, borgenärsskydd och redovisning och revision. Utöver detta behandlas vissa straffrättsliga regler av betydelse för bedrivande av verksamhet i företag och företagsbot som särskild sanktion. Boken placerar associationsrätten i en samhällelig kontext, bland annat mot bakgrund av de hållbarhetssträvanden som sker inom EU och internationellt. Associationsrättens grunder vänder sig i första hand till studenter inom juridikutbildningar men kan också användas som vägledning för den som är praktiskt verksam inom området.
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| 42. |
- Adestam, Johan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Avtalsbrott och skadestånd : skuldprincipen i svensk avtalsrätt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; , s. 48-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sedan länge är skuldprincipen den rådande huvudregeln i svensk rätt i fråga om skadestånd till följd av avtalsbrott. Detta innebär att svensk avtalsrätt bygger på ett oaktsamhetskrav. Det skriver författarna i denna replik till Christina Ramberg (SvJT 2020 s. 589).
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| 43. |
- Adestam, Johan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Avtalsrättsligt medhjälparansvar
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; 2022:1, s. 98-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det inomobligatoriska medhjälparansvaret har länge ansetts bygga på oskrivna tillräknanderegler. Anta att B anlitar C för att utföra något som uppfyller B:s avtalsförpliktelse mot A och att C orsakar A skada genom handlingen eller underlåtelsen H. Frågan om B:s skadeståndsansvar mot A ska enligt dessa regler avgöras på samma sätt som om B själv hade företagit H. De centrala frågorna blir då om H strider mot någon avtalsförpliktelse som B har mot A och om C har företagit H på ett sådant sätt att den i relationen mellan A och B tillämpliga ansvarsgrunden (t.ex. oaktsamhet) är uppfylld. Den traditionella bilden har emellertid utmanats i litteraturen och även i prejudikatet NJA 2018 s. 301. Artikeln argumenterar för att de konkurrerande beskrivningarna är omotiverade och att gällande rätt alltjämt svarar mot den traditionella bilden.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Adestam, Johan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Nytt prejudikat om tidpunkten för uppkomsten av en förpliktelse att ersätta rättegångskostnader vid tillämpning av medansvarsreglerna i 25 kap. ABL
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De senaste åren har det kommit många prejudikat rörande medansvar vid kritisk kapitalbrist i 25 kap. aktiebolagslagen (ABL). I ett nytt prejudikat klargör Högsta domstolen när ett aktiebolags förpliktelse att lämna ersättning för rättegångskostnader ska anses ha uppkommit vid tillämpning av 25 kap. 18 § ABL. Trots den ofta upprepade utgångspunkten att reglernas ändamål är att verka handlingsdirigerande genom att medansvaret verkar som ett påtryckningsmedel för styrelseledamöterna har det delvis varit oklart vilken betydelse detta haft för utgången i tidigare fall. Det nya prejudikatet klarlägger och kompletterar bilden genom att även lägga vikt vid reglernas funktion av att skydda enskilda borgenärer mot riskökningar. Prejudikatet analyseras av jur. dr Johan Adestam, lektor i rättsvetenskap och jur. dr och docent Niklas Arvidsson.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Adjin-Tettey, Theodora Dame, et al.
(författare)
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Towards sustainable journalism in sub-Sahara : Policy brief
- 2021
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The sustainability crisis of society, e.g. environmental crises, democratic crises, poverty, financial crises, armed conflicts, etc. Obviously, journalism has a crucial role to play here since it contributes greatly to the public agenda, as well as people’s understanding – and hence the handling – of such challenges. The sustainability crisis of journalism itself, which stems from lower advertising, decreasing subsidies for public service media, falling consumption, lack of trust in media among citizens, and fierce competition from online information brokers and advertising.The complex reality of today requires this kind of integrated journalistic approach in order to uphold the democratic function and not least the legitimacy of professional journalism. Consequently, journalism’s response to the sustainability challenges can be seen as a prerequisite for the future sustainability of journalism itself, ranging from high-quality, in-depth coverage to robust business models, but also extending into considerations of media systems and relations with governments and business interests.In this way, sustainable journalism attempts to counter the obvious risk that the efforts to maintain economic sustainability of the journalistic enterprise take place at the expense of professional journalism’s social/democratic mission – to hold power to account and to inform citizens, and to spur public engagement about current and future economic, social, and environmental challenges.Furthermore, sustainable journalism refers to journalism that integrates the three sustainability dimensions in its coverage and its financing and does not isolate environmental issues from social and economic conditions as if they were siloed issues. Examples of this kind of integrated approach would be journalism that:reflects the economic aspects of an increasingly globalising society at the same time as it acknowledges the social and environmental consequences of these aspects,is underwritten by value from new advertising formats that doesn’t jeopardise the integrity and trust of citizens, andinterlinks local and national consequences of (for instance) climate change with their economic and social ramifications on a global scale.Given the importance of the Agenda 2030 and the Paris agreement, another function of sustainable journalism can be seen as carefully scrutinising the compliance of the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030 as well as exposing the sustainability challenges associated with them.However, sustainable journalism may not be practised in the same way in all countries and by each publisher, as each country and media institution has unique challenges that confront their sustainability. In order to appreciate how sustainable journalism is to be practised in the sub-Saharan African context, it is important to establish the setting within which media organisations and journalists carry out their informational mandate. It is equally important to explore the issues that confront the environmental, social and economic sustainability of media within sub-Saharan Africa.This study consequently includes a summary of three different sets of discussions, held over a two-week period in January 2021 with reporters, news editors and representatives of media development organisations in Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, and Kenya. The aim was to ascertain how these key stakeholders regard sustainable journalism and its possible application in sub-Saharan Africa.The golden thread that ran through discussions was that sustainable journalism connects critical developmental issues in sub-Saharan Africa to the practice of journalism. Participants were of the view that there is a general trend of slow social and economic development within sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with a looming environmental crisis, due inter alia to poor environmental governance. They also agreed that what uniquely sets sustainable journalism apart from other new journalistic approaches is the provision of a model or framework for journalists to address contemporary issues that are tied to sustainable development. And while providing this framework, it also obliges journalists to concentrate on local contexts and the three interdependent dimensions of sustainability, and to find ways to win support for the sustainability of their own service to society.
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| 48. |
- Adolfsson, Daniel, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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CFEAR Radarodometry - Conservative Filtering for Efficient and Accurate Radar Odometry
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2021). - : IEEE. - 9781665417143 - 9781665417150 ; , s. 5462-5469
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the accurate, highly efficient, and learning-free method CFEAR Radarodometry for large-scale radar odometry estimation. By using a filtering technique that keeps the k strongest returns per azimuth and by additionally filtering the radar data in Cartesian space, we are able to compute a sparse set of oriented surface points for efficient and accurate scan matching. Registration is carried out by minimizing a point-to-line metric and robustness to outliers is achieved using a Huber loss. We were able to additionally reduce drift by jointly registering the latest scan to a history of keyframes and found that our odometry method generalizes to different sensor models and datasets without changing a single parameter. We evaluate our method in three widely different environments and demonstrate an improvement over spatially cross-validated state-of-the-art with an overall translation error of 1.76% in a public urban radar odometry benchmark, running at 55Hz merely on a single laptop CPU thread.
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| 49. |
- Adolfsson, Daniel, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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CorAl : Introspection for robust radar and lidar perception in diverse environments using differential entropy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Robotics and Autonomous Systems. - : Elsevier. - 0921-8890 .- 1872-793X. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robust perception is an essential component to enable long-term operation of mobile robots. It depends on failure resilience through reliable sensor data and pre-processing, as well as failure awareness through introspection, for example the ability to self-assess localization performance. This paper presents CorAl: a principled, intuitive, and generalizable method to measure the quality of alignment between pairs of point clouds, which learns to detect alignment errors in a self-supervised manner. CorAl compares the differential entropy in the point clouds separately with the entropy in their union to account for entropy inherent to the scene. By making use of dual entropy measurements, we obtain a quality metric that is highly sensitive to small alignment errors and still generalizes well to unseen environments. In this work, we extend our previous work on lidar-only CorAl to radar data by proposing a two-step filtering technique that produces high-quality point clouds from noisy radar scans. Thus, we target robust perception in two ways: by introducing a method that introspectively assesses alignment quality, and by applying it to an inherently robust sensor modality. We show that our filtering technique combined with CorAl can be applied to the problem of alignment classification, and that it detects small alignment errors in urban settings with up to 98% accuracy, and with up to 96% if trained only in a different environment. Our lidar and radar experiments demonstrate that CorAl outperforms previous methods both on the ETH lidar benchmark, which includes several indoor and outdoor environments, and the large-scale Oxford and MulRan radar data sets for urban traffic scenarios. The results also demonstrate that CorAl generalizes very well across substantially different environments without the need of retraining.
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| 50. |
- Adolfsson, Daniel, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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CorAl – Are the point clouds Correctly Aligned?
- 2021
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Ingår i: 10th European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR 2021). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In robotics perception, numerous tasks rely on point cloud registration. However, currently there is no method that can automatically detect misaligned point clouds reliably and without environment-specific parameters. We propose "CorAl", an alignment quality measure and alignment classifier for point cloud pairs, which facilitates the ability to introspectively assess the performance of registration. CorAl compares the joint and the separate entropy of the two point clouds. The separate entropy provides a measure of the entropy that can be expected to be inherent to the environment. The joint entropy should therefore not be substantially higher if the point clouds are properly aligned. Computing the expected entropy makes the method sensitive also to small alignment errors, which are particularly hard to detect, and applicable in a range of different environments. We found that CorAl is able to detect small alignment errors in previously unseen environments with an accuracy of 95% and achieve a substantial improvement to previous methods.
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