| 1. |
- Abate, E., et al.
(författare)
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Combined performance tests before installation of the ATLAS Semiconductor and Transition Radiation Tracking Detectors
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) Inner Detector provides charged particle tracking in the centre of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Inner Detector consists of three subdetectors: the Pixel Detector, the Semiconductor Tracker (SCT), and the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). This paper summarizes the tests that were carried out at the final stage of SCT+TRT integration prior to their installation in ATLAS. The combined operation and performance of the SCT and TRT barrel and endcap detectors was investigated through a series of noise tests, and by recording the tracks of cosmic rays. This was a crucial test of hardware and software of the combined tracker detector systems. The results of noise and cross-talk tests on the SCT and TRT in their final assembled configuration, using final readout and supply hardware and software, are reported. The reconstruction and analysis of the recorded cosmic tracks allowed testing of the offline analysis chain and verification of basic tracker performance parameters, such as efficiency and spatial resolution, in combined operation before installation.
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| 2. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) proportional drift tube: design and performance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A straw proportional counter is the basic element of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). Its detailed properties as well as the main properties of a few TRT operating gas mixtures are described. Particular attention is paid to straw tube performance in high radiation conditions and to its operational stability.
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| 3. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS TRT barrel detector
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS TRT barrel is a tracking drift chamber using 52,544 individual tubular drift tubes. It is one part of the ATLAS Inner Detector, which consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4 to 20 cm, the semiconductor tracker (SCT) from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker ( TRT) from 56 to 108 cm. The TRT barrel covers the central pseudo-rapidity region |eta| < 1, while the TRT endcaps cover the forward and backward eta regions. These TRT systems provide a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes ( or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the recently-completed construction of the TRT Barrel detector, including the quality control procedures used in the fabrication of the detector.
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| 4. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS TRT electronics
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS inner detector consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4cm-20cm, the semiconductor tracker at radii from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker (TRT), tracking from 56 to 107 cm. The TRT provides a combination of continuous tracking with many projective measurements based on individual drift tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibres or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the on and off detector electronics for the TRT as well as the TRT portion of the data acquisition (DAQ) system.
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| 5. |
- Cwetanski, P, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance tests and criteria of the ATLAS transition radiation tracker
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499. ; 52:6, s. 2911-2916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) sits at the outermost part of the ATLAS Inner Detector, encasing the Pixel Detector and the Semi-Conductor Tracker (SCT). The TRT combines charged particle track reconstruction with electron identification capability. This is achieved by layers of xenonfilled straw tubes with periodic radiator foils or fibers providing TR photon emission. The design and choice of materials have been optimized to cope with the harsh operating conditions at the LHC, which are expected to lead to an accumulated radiation dose of 10 Mrad and a neutron fluence of up to 2 . 10(14) n/cm(2) after ten years of operation. The TRT comprises a barrel containing 52 000 axial straws and two end-cap parts with 320 000 radial straws. The total of 420 000 electronic channels (two channels per barrel straw) allows continuous tracking with many projective measurements (more than 30 straw hits per track). The assembly of the barrel modules in the US has recently been completed, while the end-cap wheel construction in Russia has reached the 50% mark. After testing at the production sites and shipment to CERN, all modules and wheels undergo a series of quality and conformity measurements. These acceptance tests survey dimensions, wire tension, gas-tightness, high-voltage stability and gas-gain uniformity along each individual straw. This paper gives details on the acceptance criteria and measurement methods. An overview of the most important results obtained to-date is also given.
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| 6. |
-
The Year in Osteoporosis v.2
- 2006
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Osteoporosis has been the subject of a rapid growth in research over the past twenty years. Papers describing recent advances are published in a wide range of journals, reflecting the diversity of clinical and research specialties that are concerned with this disease. The editors of this volume have brought together a multi-disciplinary team to select and critically appraise the important publications of the past eighteen months. Many journals have been scanned to provide the collection of key papers which are evaluated and linked in this book, giving the interested clinician a single volume to browse, and challenge, if necessary. Chapters are grouped around four key topics: epidemiology and pathophysiology, bone mass and measurement, management and prevention, and therapeutic issues. These groupings reflect the editors' evaluation of the areas of greatest publication activity in the period covered. "The Year in Osteoporosis Volume 2" provides an overview of latest advances that will help ensure best practice in the prevention and management of this increasingly prevalent and costly disorder.
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| 7. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08003
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Denton, Christopher P., et al.
(författare)
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Recombinant human anti-transforming growth factor beta 1 antibody therapy in systemic sclerosis - A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial of CAT-192
- 2007
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 56:1, s. 323-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate CAT-192, a recombinant human antibody that neutralizes transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1), in the treatment of early-stage diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). Methods. Patients with SSc duration of < 18 months were randomly assigned to the placebo group or to 1 of 3 CAT-192 treatment groups: 10 mg/kg, 5 mglkg, 0.5 mg/kg. Infusions were given on day 0 and weeks 6, 12, and 18. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of CAT-192. Secondary outcomes included the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS), the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire, assessment of organ-based disease, serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, collagen propeptides (N propeptide of type I [PINP] and type III collagen), and tissue levels of messenger RNA for procollagens I and III and for TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2. Results. Forty-five patients were enrolled. There was significant morbidity and mortality, including I death in the group receiving 0.5 mg/kg of CAT-192 and 3 deaths in the group receiving 5 mg/kg of CAT-192. There were more adverse events and more serious adverse events in patients receiving CAT-192 than in those receiving placebo, although these events were not more frequent in the high-dose treatment group. The MRSS improved in all groups during the study, but there was no evidence of a treatment effect for CAT-192. Improvement in the MRSS correlated with the disease duration (r = -0.54, P = 0.0008). Changes in the PINP level from baseline correlated with changes in the MRSS (r = 0.37, P = 0.027). Conclusion. We report the first evaluation of a systemically administered and repeatedly dosed anti-TGF beta 1 drug. In this pilot study, CAT-192, in doses up to 10 mg/kg, showed no evidence of efficacy. The utility of clinical and biochemical outcome measures and the feasibility of multicenter trials of early dcSSc were confirmed.
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| 10. |
- Flordal, Hugo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic model generation and PLC-code implementation for interlocking policies in industrial robot cells
- 2007
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Ingår i: Control Engineering Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0661. ; 15:11, s. 1416-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In industrial production lines, for example in the automotive industry, cells with multiple industrial robots are common. In such cells, each robot has to avoid running into static obstacles and when the robots work together in a shared space they must also avoid colliding with each other. Typically. the latter is enforced by manually implementing interlocks in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). This is a tedious. error-prone task that is a bottleneck in the development of production lines. The PLC-code being man-made also greatly complicates the maintenance and reconfiguration of such production lines. However, in industry today, a lot of development of robot cells is made offline in 3D simulation environments which enables the use of computers also for deciding and implementing the necessary coordination. This paper presents a method that makes use of information in a robot simulation environment in order to automatically extract finite state models. These models can be used to generate supervisors for ensuring that the deadlock situations that may arise as a consequence of the introduced interlocks are avoided. It is also possible to optimize the work cycle time for the cell. Finally, PLC-code to supervise the production cell can be automatically generated from the deadlock-free and possibly optimized system model. This approach results in a high flexibility in that the coordination function can be quickly reimplemented whenever necessary. A prototype implementation has been developed making use of a commercial 3D robot simulation tool, and a software tool for supervisor synthesis and code generation. The approach is general and should be possible to implement in most offline robot simulation tools. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Karlsson, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing services to children with disabilities and their families through in-service training - is the organisation affected?
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Special Needs Education. - London : Routledge. - 0885-6257 .- 1469-591X. ; 23:3, s. 207-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional development in family centred services was given to professionals supporting children with disabilities and their families with the purpose to influence ways to perform working tasks. Is it possible to change ways of working through in-service training? In order to find answers to that question perceptions of in-service training at different organisational levels was collected by interviews. Ways to perform working tasks was investigated by self reported ratings on questionnaires. What kind of change the teams experienced was analysed through written assignments in the end of professional development. The study builds on a longitudinal design. Watzlawick, Weakland and Fisch (1974) identified orders of change is used to analyse perceptions of and changes after professional development. The findings reveal that participants at different levels of the organisation have rather similar perceptions of the in-service training. They are described more in depth by participants within the organisation than the ones outside (parents and managers), who rather describe the consequences of the professional development than the actual professional development process. After professional development the family approach has been adopted among most professionals, for example are assessment tools and model for habilitation plans which were presented in professional development used in everyday work after professional development. This implies a second order change. However do some professionals claim that the family ways of working is nothing new to them, which correspond to a first order change. Professional development in conjunction with resources after professional development are therefore seen as factors that facilitate second order change.
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| 12. |
- Merkel, Peter A, et al.
(författare)
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Validity, reliability, and feasibility of durometer measurements of scleroderma skin disease in a multicenter treatment trial
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 59:5, s. 699-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To determine the validity, reliability, and feasibility of durometer measurements of skin hardness as an outcome measure in clinical trials of scleroderma. Methods. Skin hardness was measured during a multicenter treatment trial for scleroderma using handheld digital durometers with a continuous scale. Skin thickness was measured by modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS). Other outcome data collected included the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire. In a reliability exercise in advance of the trial, 9 investigators examined the same 5 scleroderma patients by MRSS and durometry. Results. Forty-three patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis were studied at 11 international centers (mean age 49 years [range 24-76], median disease duration 6.4 months [range 0.3-23], and median baseline MRSS 22 [range 11-38]). The reliability of durometer measurements was excellent, with high interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) (0.82-0.92), and each result was greater than the corresponding skin site ICCs for MRSS (0.54-0.85). Baseline durometer scores correlated well with MRSS (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001), patient self-assessments of skin disease (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability scores (r = 0.34, P = 0.03). Change in durometer scores correlated with change in MRSS (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001.), change in patient self-assessments of skin disease (r = 0.52, P = 0.003), and change in HAQ disability scores (r = 0.42, P = 0.017). The effect size was greater for durometry than for MRSS or patient self-assessment. Conclusion. Durometer measurements of skin hardness in patients with scleroderma are reliable, simple, accurate, demonstrate good sensitivity to change compared with traditional skin scoring, and reflect patients' self-assessments of their disease. Durometer measurements are valid, objective, and scalable, and should be considered for use as a complementary outcome measure to skin scoring in clinical trials of scleroderma.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Weimerskirch, H, et al.
(författare)
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Postnatal dispersal of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans: implications for the conservation of the species
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - : Wiley. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 37:1, s. 23-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many large marine vertebrates are today threatened by human activities and it is therefore crucial to obtain information on their distribution and behaviour at sea. In particular little is known about the time necessary for juveniles to acquire the foraging skills of adults. We tracked 13 juvenile wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans by satellite telemetry during their first year at sea. They covered an average distance of 184,000 km during the first year and restricted their dispersal to the unproductive waters of the subtropical Indian Ocean and Tasman Sea. This region of low wind velocities does not overlap with the foraging areas used by adults. After an innate phase of rapid dispersal with a fixed flight direction, young birds progressively increased their daily flight distances and attained adult flight efficiency within their first six months at sea. The complete overlap of the juveniles' foraging ranges with major long-line fisheries in the subtropical waters constitutes a major threat that could jeopardize the long term recovery ability of populations of the endangered wandering albatross in the Indian Ocean.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Woolf, Anthony D., et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of musculoskeletal conditions in the developing world
- 2008
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 22:4, s. 759-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musculoskeletal conditions are an increasingly common problem across the globe due to increased longevity and increased exposure to risk factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity. The increase is predicted to be greatest in developing countries, and there is thus an urgent need for the implementation of strategies and policies that will prevent and control these conditions. The ideal is modification of the risk factors in the whole community, and this will have wide-ranging health benefits as these risk factors are common to other major conditions. Changing people's behaviour is a challenge; targeting those at highest risk is potentially more effective, providing that there are both affordable ways of identifying those at risk and affordable interventions. Early intervention in those with a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis is probably the most cost-effective approach, but requires diagnostic capacity - in clinical skills and/or technology - as well as access to care. There is now much evidence for what can be achieved, but the challenge is how to implement these different strategies in developing countries where there are competing priorities for limited resources. The key strategy is to raise awareness among the public, health professionals, and policy makers of the importance of musculoskeletal health, of what can be achieved by prevention and treatment, and to ensure that policies reflect this. It is also necessary to educate the public to know when to seek care, and health-care workers to recognize the early signs of musculoskeletal conditions.
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| 20. |
- Woolf, Anthony D, et al.
(författare)
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Primer: history and examination in the assessment of musculoskeletal problems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-8382 .- 1745-8390. ; 4:1, s. 26-33
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musculoskeletal problems are very common, and clinical assessment is central to their appropriate management; however, many clinicians are not sufficiently competent to carry out this assessment. A standardized approach to the clinical assessment of a musculoskeletal problem is, therefore, necessary, whether the patient is presenting to primary care, rheumatology or orthopedics. Such a standardized approach gives a benchmark for this competency and can also be used as a teaching aid. As doctors become increasingly competent in clinical assessment and reach into training programs within musculoskeletal specialities, more detailed information will be required from the medical history of the patient, in addition to the use of special tests on clinical examination. These clinical skills need to be taught and also assessed.
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| 21. |
- Woolf, A D, et al.
(författare)
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The patient with osteoporosis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis and the osteoporosis of rheumatid disease. - 9780323034371 - 0323034373 ; , s. 55-55
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Åkesson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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How to develop strategies for improving musculoskeletal health.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1770 .- 1521-6942. ; 21:1, s. 5-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musculoskelecal conditions are a major cause of morbidity and evidence-based strategies - such as the European Action Towards Better Musculoskeletal Health - have been developed to reduce their incidence and impact on individuals and on society. This issue is based around that report. These strategies are inclusive of all major musculoskeletal conditions with recommendations for prevention and management, stratified for degree of risk in the population. The development of these strategies required a framework that would enable the integration of evidence and expert opinion and the development of this is discussed. Implementation must be addressed if these strategies are to be effective and the actions required of, and implications for, different stakeholders are considered. In that report, we find evidence to support the need for an integrated approach for improving musculoskeletal health, by an improvement by the whole population in lifestyle with increasing physical activity, avoidance of obesity, smoking and excess alcohol along with prevention of accidents and musculoskeletal injuries. However, the individual health gain will be small and, in addition, specific interventions need to be targeted at those with most to gain - i.e. those at highest risk or those with the early features of a musculoskeletal condition.
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