| 1. |
- Giannotta, Fabrizia, et al.
(författare)
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Among the swedish generation of adolescents who experience an increased trend of psychosomatic symptoms. Do they develop depression and/or anxiety disorders as they grow older?
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : NLM (Medline). - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite an increase in mental health problems, with psychosomatic symptoms having been observed in new generations of Swedish youth, the extent to which these problems correspond to an increase in adult mental problems is unknown. The present study investigates whether Swedish adolescents with high levels of psychosomatic symptoms are at risk of developing depression and anxiety problems in adulthood and whether sex moderates any association. Moreover, we aim to understand whether different clusters of youth psychosomatic symptoms - somatic, psychological and musculoskeletal - have different impacts on adult mental health. METHODS: One thousand five hundred forty-five Swedish adolescents - aged 13 (49%) and 15 (51%) - completed surveys at baseline (T1) and 3 years later (T2); of them, 1174 (61% females) also participated after 6 years (T3). Multivariate logistic models were run. RESULTS: Youth with high levels of psychosomatic symptoms had higher odds of high levels of depressive symptoms at T2 and T3. Moreover, psychosomatic symptoms at T1 predicted a high level of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses of anxiety disorders at T3. When analyzed separately, musculoskeletal symptoms predicted higher odds of having high levels of depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 while somatic symptoms predicted high levels of anxiety symptoms at T2. Moreover, somatic symptoms at T1 predicted diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders at T3. Sex did not moderate any of the relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the idea that an increase in mental health problems, such as psychosomatic symptoms, can seriously impact the psychological health of new generations of young adults.
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| 2. |
- Giannotta, Fabrizia, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency of vigorous physical activity and depressive symptoms across adolescence : Disentangling the reciprocal associations between different groups and subtypes of symptoms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mental Health and Physical Activity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-2966 .- 1878-0199. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity has a demonstrated positive effect on youth depressive symptoms. However, very few studies have explored the bi-directionality of the links between physical activity and depression. The present study aims at filling this gap and tests whether any associations are moderated by sex. Moreover, the role of subtype of depressive symptoms, vegetative (i.e., lack of energy, poor sleep) or non-vegetative (i.e., mood-related), is explored. Participants were 910 12-13 year-old Swedish adolescents (56% girls) who answered a three-wave survey at ages 12-13 (T1), 15-16 (T2), and 18-19 (T3). Using a cross-lagged structural model, depression predicted decreased frequency of vigorous physical activity (VPA) from T1 to T2 (& beta; = -0.09, p < .05) and from T2 to T3 (& beta; = -0.10, p < .01), while frequency of VPA at T2 decreased depression at T3 (& beta; = -0.12, p < .05). Associations did not differ between boys and girls. Non-vegetative symptoms predicted decreased frequency of VPA from T1 to T2 (& beta; = -0.10, p < .05), while frequency of VPA at T2 predicted decreased non-vegetative symptoms at T3 (& beta; = -0.15, p < .05). Vegetative symptoms predicted decreased frequency of VPA from T1 to T2 (& beta; = -0.09, p < .05), while have a reciprocal influence with VPA from T2 to T3. Overall, our results highlight an association across adolescence between VPA and depression. The association becomes stronger and reciprocal in middle adolescence, which suggests this period as an effective developmental time to plan physical-activity-based interventions to decrease youth depressive symptoms.
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| 3. |
- Giannotta, Fabrizia, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Problem gambling, risk behaviours, and mental health in adolescence : A person oriented study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Issues. - : Journal of Gambling Issues. - 1910-7595. ; 49, s. 90-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescent gambling is becoming a public health problem. While comorbidities with other externalizing behaviours have been ascertained, few studies focus on adolescents with a multi-problem behaviour pattern, i.e., alcohol and tobacco use, in addition to antisocial behaviour, which includes problem gambling. The purpose of this study was to identify adolescents with multi-problem behaviours, i.e., alcohol abuse, daily smoking, antisocial behaviour, and problem gambling and to investigate the differences in relation to gender. Unlike most studies on this topic, we adopted a person-oriented approach to identify groups of adolescent boys and girls who reported multi-problem risk behaviours, i.e., alcohol abuse, daily smoking, antisocial behaviour, and problem gambling. Moreover, we explored to what extent these adolescents exhibited mental health problems, i.e., depressive, psychosomatic, and ADHD symptoms, as well as sleep problems. The sample consisted of 1,526 adolescents from two age cohorts, 15- to 16-year-olds (n = 711, 47%) and 17- to 18-year-olds (n = 815, 53%). Latent Variable Mixture Modeling (LVMM) revealed one group with low rates of all risk behaviours and three groups with multi-problem behaviours. Among the latter three groups, two reported problem gambling and had higher levels of mental health problems. These results suggest that gambling can be added to the constellation of risk behaviours in adolescence and might be more associated with mental health problems than other externalizing behaviours.
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| 4. |
- Hultman, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomic responses during Gambling : the Effect of Outcome Type and Sex in a large community sample of young adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 39:1, s. 159-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological theories consider autonomic arousal to be a reinforcer for problem gambling. Structural characteristics such as near-misses, which are non-win events that come close to a real win, have been shown to elicit win-like responses while increasing motivation and gambling persistence. This study investigated the autonomic and subjective responses of young adults to different gambling outcomes. This study also investigated sex differences in autonomic and subjective responses to different gambling outcomes. Participants from Sweden (n = 270) performed a computerized slot machine task that produced wins, near-misses (before and after payline) and full-misses. Phasic measurements of heart rate (HR) and skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded during gambling performance and ratings of perceived chance of winning, pleasure and motivation to play were collected following each gambling outcome. Autonomic responses differed across slot machine outcomes as indicated by HR and SCR. Compared with other gambling outcomes, near-misses elicited the largest HR accelerations, and they also elicited larger HR decelerations and SCRs relative to full-misses. Near-misses before and after payline elicited differential psychophysiological responses and subjective reports, suggesting different emotional processing of near-miss subtypes. Females showed increased SCRs and motivation following win outcomes compared with males. In conclusion, wins, near-misses and full-misses generate differential physiological and subjective responses among young adults. Autonomic responses to wins differed between male and female players, emphasizing the need to consider sex differences when investigating the role of autonomic arousal in gambling.
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| 5. |
- Hultman, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring decision-making strategies in the Iowa gambling task and rat gambling task
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5153. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision-making requires that individuals perceive the probabilities and risks associated with different options. Experimental human and animal laboratory testing provide complimentary insights on the psychobiological underpinnings of decision-making. The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is a widely used instrument that assesses decision-making under uncertainty and risk. In the task participants are faced with a choice conflict between cards with varying monetary reinforcer/loss contingencies. The rat gambling task (rGT) is a pre-clinical version using palatable reinforcers as wins and timeouts mimicking losses. However, interspecies studies elaborating on human and rat behavior in these tasks are lacking. This study explores decision-making strategies among young adults (N = 270) performing a computerized version of the IGT, and adult outbred male Lister Hooded rats (N = 72) performing the rGT. Both group and individual data were explored by normative scoring approaches and subgroup formations based on individual choices were investigated. Overall results showed that most humans and rats learned to favor the advantageous choices, but to a widely different extent. Human performance was characterized by both exploration and learning as the task progressed, while rats showed relatively consistent pronounced preferences for the advantageous choices throughout the task. Nevertheless, humans and rats showed similar variability in individual choice preferences during end performance. Procedural differences impacting on the performance in both tasks and their potential to study different aspects of decision-making are discussed. This is a first attempt to increase the understanding of similarities and differences regarding decision-making processes in the IGT and rGT from an explorative perspective.
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| 6. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in early adolescence predicts depressive symptoms 3 years later : A community-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 277, s. 825-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highlights •Physical activity (PA) is associated with a wide range of health benefits.•PA during adolescence predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms 3 years later.•The association remained after adjustment for the baseline occurrence of mental health problems.•Low physical activity as a predictor of depressive symptoms were only significant among boys.•PA did not predict externalizing problems or anxiety 3 years later in the adjusted model.
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| 7. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Psychotic-like experiences during early adolescence predict symptoms of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems three years later : A community-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Research. - : ELSEVIER. - 0920-9964 .- 1573-2509. ; 215, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), such as delusions and hallucinations, are risk markers for psychiatric symptoms and functional impairment. However, the unique contribution of PLEs to psychiatric symptoms remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PLEs on psychiatric symptoms, adjusting for the baseline of such symptoms. We assessed a community-based cohort of young adolescents (N = 1445; mean age = 14.38 years, SD = 1.04) to establish a baseline and reassessed them three years later (mean age = 17.31 years, SD = 1.04). Participants reported PLEs they had experienced in the last year and any internalizing (depression and anxiety) or externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct problems) psychiatric symptoms. The experience of more PLEs predicted more internalizing symptoms three years later, and to a lesser extent, more conduct problems as well, even when adjusting for the baseline occurrence of these symptoms. The association was not sex-specific, although girls reported more PLEs than did boys. The strongest predictor of internalizing/ externalizing symptoms was the occurrence of those same symptoms at baseline. These findings highlight the importance of PLEs as markers for a wide range of psychiatric symptoms, emphasizing the importance of assessing PLEs in early adolescence.
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| 8. |
- Kanders, Sofia H., et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index and bullying victimization as antecedents for depressive symptoms in a Swedish youth cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 2198-1833 .- 1613-2238. ; 30:10, s. 2513-2524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThe bidirectional association between obesity and depression seen in adults is not clearly established in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association between body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms and interactions between bullying victimization and BMI, taking gender differences into account.Subjects and methodsIn a Swedish county, self-reported bullying victimization, BMI and depressive symptoms from 1729 adolescents (y = 14.4, 56% females) were collected in 2012 (wave 1), in 2015 (wave 2) (y = 17.3 ) and in 2018 (wave 3) (y = 19.9). Longitudinal associations were assessed using binary logistic regression models controlling for confounding factors. Interaction effects between BMI and victimization on depressive symptoms were also assessed.ResultsWave 1 obese males had approximately six times increased odds ratio compared to normal weight, for wave 2 depressive symptoms. W1 overweight was associated with an odds ratio of 1.5 in all participants for wave 3 depressive symptoms. Victimization was consistently associated with higher odds ratio for future depressive symptoms. We found interaction effects between bullying victimization and BMI for future depressive symptoms with different patterns depending on sex.Conclusion Given the present findings, bullying needs to be prevented, and, if it occurs, it needs to be stopped at an early stage toprevent future depressive symptoms.
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| 9. |
- Kanders, Sofia H., et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding moderates the relationship between fat mass and obesity-associated gene rs9939609 and body mass index among adolescents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Obesity Science & Practice. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-2238. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Breastfeeding, which is important for early growth, is a possible moderator of genetic influence, such as the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) on body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to assess the moderating effect of breastfeeding duration on the relationship between FTO rs9939609 and BMI in a Caucasian sample.Methods Adolescents born in 1997 and in 1999, who were living in the Swedish county Västmanland in 2012, were invited to participate in the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland. The adolescents and their parents completed self-reported questionnaires in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Genotyping of rs9939609 T > A polymorphism was conducted from saliva DNA samples. Interaction effects of parental reported breastfeeding duration in months, including regions of significance, on the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI plus overweight were assessed.Results Considering physical activity levels, parental reported breastfeeding duration was a moderator of the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI for the younger (regions of significance = <1.6 and >28.1 months) and older adolescents (region of significance = >19.9 months), but not for the young adults. Plots of the association between breastfeeding duration and BMI showed higher BMI for AA with short breastfeeding, but lower BMI with longer breastfeeding than AT and TT. Longer breastfeeding lowered the odds for overweight among the younger adolescents, especially among AA individuals.Conclusion Rs9939609 AA individuals were more susceptible than AT and TT individuals to both short and long breastfeeding durations, which is consistent with the differential susceptibility hypothesis. FTO rs9939609 AA might be a plasticity variant with differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Breastfeeding duration may be one of many factors that affect the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI.
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| 10. |
- Kanders, Sofia H.
(författare)
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The relationship between overweight and depression in view of genes, environment and their joint influence
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obesity and depression are known to often go hand in hand, but is this due to our genetic heritage, environmental factors or a combination thereof? With a neuroscientific approach, I have investigated the relationship between obesity and depression with the aim of bridging the different levels of research available in order to better understand this complex topic. Using data from a longitudinal cohort with adults, we analysed the genetic contribution to antidepressant response in Study I. The association between antidepressant treatment and changes in body mass index, waist circumference and fat mass was assessed in Study II. In Study III, the importance of bullying victimization for the relationship between obesity and depression was analysed using a longitudinal cohort with adolescents. Lastly, the moderating effect from breastfeeding duration on the relation between a known obesity associated gene and body mass index among adolescents and young adults was examined in Study IV.The bidirectional relationship between obesity and depression is derived from several joint processes and mechanisms such as the stress system and symptomatology overlap with strong environmental influences affecting both disorders, plausibly through epigenetic processes. Even though overweight and obesity were associated with depressive symptoms, one even more important environmental factor for the development of symptoms was bullying victimization – a risk factor that persisted after six years of follow-up. The genetic contribution to these complex disorders from individual variations is small in most cases, but with a credible additive effect and with environmental factors as important moderators of these relationships. One such moderator is breastfeeding duration, which was found to contribute to the relationship between FTO and future BMI with different patterns for the individual variants, which supports the differential susceptibility hypothesis. Finally, when AD treatment is used, the patient should be monitored regularly, both regarding depressive symptoms as well as obesity-related measurements.Overall, it is of high importance to focus on prevention because the frequently chronic course of obesity, as well as depression, has a high burden on individuals, as well as on society.
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| 11. |
- Keijser, Rebecka, 1984-
(författare)
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Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents and Young Adults : Psychometrics and the Influence of Family Environment, and Candidate Gene–environment Interactions
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aims of this thesis were to evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire designed to evaluate parenting styles, and to study how depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults may vary depending on the family environment and candidate gene–environment interaction (cG×E).The study sample consisted of participants (born during 1997 or 1999), and their caregivers from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort Study. This thesis included data from 2012 when the participants were 13 and 15 years old (Wave I: DNA collection), 2015 at ages 16 and 18 years (Wave II: Parenting styles, parental depression, depressive symptoms, early life stress i.e., ELS) and 2018 at ages 19 and 21 years (Wave III: Depressive symptoms).Paper I: A good model fit was obtained for the Parent as Social Context Questionnaire (PASCQ) parent and adolescent versions through psychometric evaluations. Paper II: Positive and negative parenting styles were associated with fewer or more depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults, respectively. Parental depression×sex was associated with more depressive symptoms, preponderant among female adolescents. The findings were not significant among young adults. Paper III: A significant cG×E effect between oxytocin receptor single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6770632 and negative parenting style on depressive symptoms among young adults was found. Paper IV: Significant cG×E effects were found for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916, rs7748266 and rs9394309 moderated by ELS and positive parenting style on depressive symptoms among young adults.These findings suggest that parenting styles may be measured with the PASCQ and that depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults seem to vary dependent on the family environment and cG×E effects. However, the cG×E effects may be more central for some individuals depending on differences in diathesis- or sensitivity towards the family environment. The variance in depressive symptoms may therefore contain diathesis stress and differential susceptibility effects regarding the cG×E interaction. The insight gained from this thesis provides a foundation for future research and contributes to research areas such as parenting research and the understanding of biological factors behind depressive symptomology among adolescents and young adults.
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| 12. |
- Keijser, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Gene–environment interaction : Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) polymorphisms and parenting style as potential predictors for depressive symptoms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common mental health problem that is thought to develop through a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors, including parental behaviours and parental mental health. The present study investigated the potential interaction between oxytocin receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs53576, rs237880, rs237887, rs237889, rs237898, rs1042778, rs2268490, rs2268491, rs4686302, rs6770632, rs13316193) and parenting style in adolescence in relation to depressive symptoms among young adults. The sample consisted of 1,098 Caucasian participants (63.6% females) and their parents. The present study included data from the Survey of Adolescent Life Cohort study collected in 2012 at wave I (mage 14.4 years; DNA collection), 2015 at wave II (mage 17.36 years; Estimation of parenting style, depressive symptoms, and parental depression) and 2018 at wave III (mage 20.19 years; Depressive symptoms). Evidence for an interaction effect between OXTR SNP rs6770632 and negative parenting style on depressive symptoms among young adults was found with support for the diathesis–stress theory. The rs6770632 was associated with depressive symptoms at higher levels of negative parenting, with A:A allele carriers reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms than C:C and C:A allele carriers. The present study provides preliminary knowledge about the potential moderation effects of perceived negative parenting on the effect of OXTR SNPs on depressive symptoms among young adults, independent of sex, previous reports of depressive symptoms, and parental depression.
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| 13. |
- Keijser, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring parental dimensions : A psychometric evaluation of the parents as social context questionnaire, Swedish version
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS. - 2331-1908. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between a parent and an adolescent is dynamic. A parent may do better in certain areas or during certain phases of the adolescent's life, and the adolescent's needs or demands on the parent may vary accordingly. Parental dimensions have been used to evaluate the quality of a parent-child relationship. The present study explored the structure of a translated version of the Parents as Social Context Questionnaire (PASCQ), both a parent and an adolescent version. The participants were 1556 Swedish adolescents 16-18 years (mean age = 17.4 years, 58.3% females), and 1477 parents, including 1345 parent-adolescent dyads. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses provided a significant model fit of the six parental dimensions (Warmth, Rejection, Structure, Chaos, Autonomy support and Coercion) of PASCQ regarding both the parent- and adolescent reports. Therefore, the Swedish version of the PASCQ parent and adolescent reports is suitable for measuring the six parental dimensions of the PASCQ. However, the concordance between the two reports was low, suggesting that the parent report may be suitable for measuring the parent's view of the relationship, but may be less representative of the adolescent's experiences and vice versa. These results can contribute to future work on parenting in general and parental dimensions in association with adolescents in particular.
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| 14. |
- Keijser, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of parenting styles and parental depression on adolescent depressive symptoms : A cross-sectional and longitudinal approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mental Health & Prevention. - : Elsevier GmbH. - 2212-6570. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression often emerges during early adolescence and is one of the most common mental health problems. The present study investigated the influence of parenting styles and parental depression on depressive symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood, using both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal approach. Methods: Data were obtained from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort study and comprised 1603 adolescents who completed questionnaires at two time points (ages 16–18 and ages 19–21). Results: In the cross-sectional approach, a positive parenting style (Warmth, Structure, Autonomy support) was associated with less depressive symptoms, and a negative parenting style (Rejection, Chaos, Coercion) and parental depression were associated with more depressive symptoms in 16–18-year-old adolescents. The effect of parental depression was stronger among adolescent females. In the longitudinal approach, a protective effect was found, where a positive parenting style at adolescent ages 16–18 was associated with less depressive symptoms at ages 19–21, even when controlling for initial depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings may make an important contribution to treatment programmes and family-based prevention strategies related to adolescent depressive symptomatology, particularly regarding the potential long-term protective effects of positive parenting style in middle and late adolescence. © 2020
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| 15. |
- Keijser, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Three-way interaction effects of early life stress, positive parenting and FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms in a general population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - : Springer Nature. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 128, s. 1409-1424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FKBP5 gene–environment interaction (cG × E) studies have shown diverse results, some indicating significant interaction effects between the gene and environmental stressors on depression, while others lack such results. Moreover, FKBP5 has a potential role in the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a cG × E interaction effect of FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotype and early life stress (ELS) on depressive symptoms among young adults was moderated by a positive parenting style (PASCQpos), through the frameworks of the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. Data were obtained from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort Study, including 1006 participants and their guardians. Data were collected during 2012, when the participants were 13 and 15 years old (Wave I: DNA), 2015, when participants were 16 and 18 years old (Wave II: PASCQpos, depressive symptomology and ELS) and 2018, when participants were 19 and 21 years old (Wave III: depressive symptomology). Significant three-way interactions were found for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916, rs7748266 and rs9394309, moderated by ELS and PASCQpos, on depressive symptoms among young adults. Diathesis stress patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916 and rs9394309, and differential susceptibility patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNP rs7748266. Findings emphasize the possible role of FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms among young adults and contribute to the understanding of possible differential susceptibility effects of FKBP5.
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| 16. |
- Larm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Do non-drinking youth drink less alcohol in young adulthood or do they catch up? : Findings from a Swedish birth cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 33:4, s. 640-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Alcohol consumption among adolescents has declined considerably during the last two decades. However, it is unknown if these adolescents' alcohol consumption will remain low as they grow older. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies that uses longitudinal data to examine if non-drinking adolescents have a lower alcohol consumption in young adulthood or if they catch up. Methods A self-report survey was distributed to a birth cohort (n = 794) born in 1997 in a Swedish region when cohort members attended ninth grade (age 14-15 years) in 2012. Responders were divided into non-drinkers and alcohol users and assessed again in their late teens (17-18 years) and young adulthood (20-21 years). Results In their late teens (17-18 years), non-drinkers at baseline consumed less alcohol and had a lower probability of harmful use compared with their alcohol-using peers. In young adulthood (20-21 years), these effects disappeared when adjustment was made for covariates. However, a stratified analysis showed that non-drinking adolescents low in conduct problems consumed less alcohol and had a lower probability of harmful use in young adulthood than alcohol-using peers. Conclusions This study suggests that the decline in alcohol use among adolescents in the past decades may be associated with a lower alcohol consumption in the late teens and young adulthood among those low in conduct problems. This may have promising implications for alcohol-related morbidity and mortality.
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| 17. |
- Mohamed, Mohamed S., et al.
(författare)
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Differential change in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic : the role of loneliness, socialization, and mental well-being
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-0640. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge in mental health issues and psychological distress, disruption to work/studying conditions, and social isolation particularly among young adults. Changes in these factors are differentially associated with alcohol use. Moreover, the relationship between these factors are bidirectional and may have fluctuated throughout the different phases of the pandemic. However, studies focusing on young adults had conflicting results, short follow-up periods, and lacked comprehensive data to describe underlying mechanisms.Methods: 1067 young adults participated in repetitive measures termed wave 4 (2021) of the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort “SALVe” Cohort. Of these, 889 also completed pre-pandemic measurements termed wave 3 (2018). Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to evaluate alcohol consumption and harmful use. Cross-sectional associations between perceived changes in alcohol use and shift in individual, mental health, and work environment factors were examined using Chi-square tests. Logistic regression was utilized to identify pre-pandemic predictors of harmful consumption during the pandemic.Results: Harmful consumption decreased only in females following the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who reported increased feelings of depression, anxiety, and loneliness were more likely to increase their alcohol use. Interestingly, the subgroup who felt less lonely and met their friends more often, as well as those who continued working/studying from their regular workplace also had an increased likelihood of higher consumption. Only pre-pandemic ADHD and delinquency symptoms predicted harmful alcohol consumption following the pandemic.Conclusion: Females reduced harmful alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. While those who suffered the burden of social isolation and distress were more likely to increase their alcohol use, young adults who felt less lonely and met their friends more often also had a similar outcome. The relationship between loneliness and alcohol consumption among young adults is influenced by the social factors that may be facilitated by drinking.
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| 18. |
- Mohamed, Mohamed S., et al.
(författare)
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Worsened Anxiety and Loneliness Influenced Gaming and Gambling during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study the prevalence and patterns of problematic gaming and gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with psychiatric traits and major types of anxiety categories.Method: 1067 young adults participated in both wave 3 (2018) and wave 4 (2021) of the SALVe Cohort. Associations with psychiatric symptoms and anxiety were examined using logistic regression and Chi-square tests.Results: Problematic gaming decreased by 1.3 percentage points to 23.2% since the start of the pandemic, while problematic gambling increased by 0.9 percentage points to 6.5% in w4. Average time spent playing video games/day decreased from 2.2 h (w3) to 1.7 h (w4), while increases in gaming activity were associated with worsened feelings of loneliness (p = 0.002), depression (p < 0.001), and anxiety (p < 0.01) during the pandemic. Predictors for problematic gaming at w4 were previous problematic gaming and social anxiety (p = < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, previous problem gambling also predicted problem gambling at w4 p < 0.001. All anxiety categories were associated with both problematic gaming and gambling when adjusted for age and sex. However, after adjusting for depression and insomnia, social anxiety was associated with problematic gaming (p < 0.001), while panic was associated with problem gambling (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Overall, problematic gaming has decreased since the start of the pandemic, while problem gambling has increased. Worsened feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic are associated with increased gaming. Moreover, the association between problematic gaming and gambling and anxiety is independent of depression and sleep problems.
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| 19. |
- Stenseke, Marie, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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På väg mot en hållbar användning av mark och vatten inom idrotten och friluftslivet år 2030? Ett scenarioarbete med åtgärdsförslag
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kan framtidens efterfrågan på och önskemål om användning av mark och vatten se ut ur ett idrotts- och friluftslivsperspektiv? Och hur kan det i sin tur påverka planeringen och styrningen mot ett hållbart användande? De frågorna har lärandegrupp Nationell inom Mistra Sport & Outdoors-temat Hållbar användning av mark och vatten diskuterat under det scenarioarbete som de jobbat med under 2021 och 2022. Resultatet av arbetet presenteras i den nya rapporten. Vi behöver tänka framåt, för att redan nu verka för att inte arter och livsmiljöer påverkas negativt av att vi rör oss i naturen, utan snarare gynnas av det. Rapporten är framtagen av en grupp med många olika expertområden, och är därför en kvalificerad grund för att diskutera och besluta om olika strategier och insatser. Den riktar sig till kommuner, länsstyrelser och andra myndigheter men också föreningslivet, markägare och andra aktörer. Tanken är att olika samhällsaktörer inom idrott, friluftsliv, naturvård och fysisk planering ska kunna använda rapporten som underlag för diskussion och utveckling. Resultaten från rapporten ligger också till grund för det fortsatta arbetet i Mistra Sport & Outdoors med det övergripande syftet att skapa kunskap och lösningar för ökad hållbarhet inom idrott och friluftsliv.
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| 20. |
- Torres Soler, Catalina, et al.
(författare)
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A Three-Way Interaction of Sex, PER2 rs56013859 Polymorphism, and Family Maltreatment in Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI. - 2073-4425. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents is 12–18% and is twice as frequent in females. Sleep problems and thoughts of death are depressive symptoms or co-occurrent phenomena. Family maltreatment is a risk factor for later depressive symptoms and the period circadian regulator (PER) has been studied in relation to neurotransmitters, adaptation to stress, and winter depression. The purpose of this work was to study the relation of the three-way interactions of sex, PER2 rs56013859, and family maltreatment in relation to core depressive symptoms, sleep complaints, and thoughts of death and suicide in self-reports from a cohort of Swedish adolescents in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with linear and logistic regressions were used to study the relationships to the three outcomes. The three-way interaction was related to core depressive symptoms at both baseline and six years later. In contrast, the model did not show any relation to the other dependent variables. At 13–15 years, a sex-related differential expression was observed: females with the minor allele C:C/C:T exposed to family maltreatment showed higher levels of core depressive symptoms. Six years later, the trend was inverted among carriers of minor alleles.
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| 21. |
- Torres Soler, Catalina
(författare)
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Depression among Adolescents : Measurement and diagnosis, Environmental factors, and Genetics
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Depression is a common disorder and a major cause of disability. The prevalence of depression in adolescents is 12-25%. The use of valid instruments in psychiatric assessment contributes to diagnostic validity and consistency.This thesis is divided into four parts:The first and second parts study the psychometric properties of the MADRS-P and CSDS/CSDSP scales. The scales are adapted to measure symptoms and function in adolescents. In the first part, the psychometric properties of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale Parent used for the assessment of parent-reported depressive symptoms in adolescents are studied. In the second part, the properties of the Swedish Child Sheehan Disability Scales, in the adolescent and parent versions, are studied. These scales are used to assess levels of function in school, relationships with friends and relationships with family. The properties of the scales were studied in a population of adolescents referred to the child and adolescent psychiatric clinic.The third study analyses the interaction between BDNF rs6265 polymorphism, childhood stress and physical activity in relation to depressive symptoms, showing that the interaction of BDNF rs6265 with childhood stress and physical activity is significant in moderation models. For A allele carriers, physical activity reduces depressive symptoms in youth exposed to childhood stress. In turn, exposure to a higher level of stress increases depressive symptoms in adolescents aged 13 and 15. The minor allele confers plasticity characteristics when interacting with the mentioned environmental factors.The fourth study shows that the interaction of the three factors PER2 rs56013859, sex and family maltreatment in relation to depressive symptoms is significant in female minor C allele carriers aged 13 and 15 years.The results obtained in this thesis are applicable in the practice of child and adolescent psychiatry, and in the prevention of depressive disorders in the child and adolescent population.
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| 22. |
- Torres Soler, Catalina, et al.
(författare)
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Exploration of the Moderating Effects of Physical Activity and Early Life Stress on the Relation between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) rs6265 Variants and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI. - 2073-4425. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression affects one in five persons at 18 years of age. Allele A of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 is considered to be a risk factor for depression. Previous studies of the interaction between BDNF rs6265, early adversity, and/or physical activity have shown mixed results. In this study, we explored the relation between BDNF rs6265 polymorphism and childhood stress, as well as the moderating effect of physical activity in relation to depressive symptoms using binary logistic regressions and process models 1, 2 and 3 applied to data obtained at three times (waves 1, 2 and 3) from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vastmanland cohort study (SALVe). Results revealed that both childhood stress and physical activity had a moderation effect; physical activity in wave 1 with an R-2 change = 0.006, p = 0.013, and the Johnson-Neyman regions of significance (RoS) below 1.259, p = 0.05 for 11.97%; childhood stress in wave 2 with the R-2 change = 0.008, p = 0 002, and RoS below 1.561 with 26.71% and >4.515 with 18.20%; and a three-way interaction in wave 1 in genotype AA carriers. These results suggest that allele A is susceptible to physical activity (positive environment) and childhood stress (negative environment).
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