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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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- Mishra, A., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 611, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
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- Dutta, Tanmoy, 1998, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged Inflammation and Infectious Changes in the Corneal Epithelium Are Associated with Persistent Epithelial Defect (PED)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0817. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Failure of rapid re-epithelialization within 10-14 days after corneal injury, even with standard supportive treatment, is referred to as persistent corneal epithelial (CE) defect (PED). Though an array of genes regulates reepithelization, their mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to understand the network of genes driving the re-epithelialization in PED. Method: After obtaining informed consent, patients underwent an ophthalmic examination. Epithelial scrapes and tears samples of six PED patients and six individuals (control) undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) were collected. RNA isolation and quantification were performed using either the epithelial scrape taken from PED patients or from HCLE cells treated with control tears or tears of PED patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of a few important genes in CE homeostasis, inflammation, and cell-cell communication, viz., Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), GPX4, IL6, TNF alpha, STING, IL8, desmoglein, and E-cadherin, among others. Their expressions were normalized with their respective housekeeping genes and fold changes were recorded. KLF4 localization and MMPs activity was carried out via immunofluorescence and zymography, respectively. Results: KLF4, a transcription factor important for CE homeostasis, was upregulated in tears-treated HCLE cells and downregulated in PED patients compared to the healthy PRK group. Cell-cell communication genes were also upregulated in tears-treated cells, whereas they were downregulated in the PED tissue group. Genes involved in proinflammation (IL6, 282-fold; TNF alpha, 43-fold; IL8, 4.2-fold) were highly upregulated in both conditions. MMP9 activity increased upon tears treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that tears create an acute proinflammatory milieu driving the PED disease pathology, whereas the PED patients scrapes are an indicator of the chronic stage of the disease. Interferons, pro-inflammatory genes, and their pathways are involved in PED, which can be a potential target for inducing epithelialization of the cornea.
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- Antonio Cabas, Vidani, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the Rear Interface on Composition and Photoluminescence Yield of CZTSSe Absorbers: A Case for an Al2O3 Intermediate Layer
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:16, s. 19487-19496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rear interface of kesterite absorbers with Mo back contact represents one of the possible sources of nonradiative voltage losses (Delta V-oc,V-nrad) because of the reported decomposition reactions, an uncontrolled growth of MoSe2, or a nonoptimal electrical contact with high recombination. Several intermediate layers (IL), such as MoO3, TiN, and ZnO, have been tested to mitigate these issues, and efficiency improvements have been reported. However, the introduction of IL also triggers other effects such as changes in alkali diffusion, altered morphology, and modifications in the absorber composition, all factors that can also influence Delta V-oc,V-nrad. In this study, the different effects are decoupled by designing a special sample that directly compares four rear structures (SLG, SLG/Mo, SLG/Al2O3, and SLG/Mo/Al2O3) with a Na-doped kesterite absorber optimized for a device efficiency >10%. The IL of choice is Al2O3 because of its reported beneficial effect to reduce the surface recombination velocity at the rear interface of solar cell absorbers. Identical annealing conditions and alkali distribution in the kesterite absorber are preserved, as measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The lowest Delta V-oc,V-nrad of 290 mV is measured for kesterite grown on Mo, whereas the kesterite absorber on Al2O3 exhibits higher nonradiative losses up to 350 mV. The anticipated field-effect passivation from Al2O3 at the rear interface could not be observed for the kesterite absorbers prepared by the two-step process, further confirmed by an additional experiment with air annealing. Our results suggest that Mo with an in situ formed MoSe2 remains a suitable back contact for high-efficiency kesterite devices.
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| 18. |
- Lai, Chao-Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Carbohydrate and fat intake associated with risk of metabolic diseases through epigenetics of CPT1A
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 112:5, s. 1200-1211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epigenome-wide association studies identified the cg00574958 DNA methylation site at the carnitinc palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A) gene to be associated with reduced risk of metabolic diseases (hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome). but the mechanism underlying these associations is unknown. Objectives: We aimed to elucidate whether carbohydrate and fat intakes modulate cg00574958 methylation and the risk of metabolic diseases. Methods: We examined associations between carbohydrate (CHO) and fat (FAT) intake, as percentages of total diet energy, and the CHO/FAT ratio with CPT1A-cg00574958, and the risk of metabolic diseases in 3 populations (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network. n = 978; Framingham Heart Study. n = 2331: and REgistre GIroni del COR study, n = 645) while adjusting for confounding factors. To understand possible causal effects of dietary intake on the risk of metabolic diseases, we performed metaanalysis, CPT1A transcription analysis, and mediation analysis with CHO and FAT intakes as exposures and cg00574958 methylation as the mediator. Results: We confirmed strong associations of cg00574958 methylation with metabolic phenotypes (BMI, triglyceride, glucose) and diseases in all 3 populations. Our results showed that CHO intake and CHO/FAT ratio were positively associated with cg00574958 methylation. whereas FAT intake was negatively correlated with cg00574958 methylation. Meta-analysis further confirmed this strong correlation, with beta = 58.4 +/- 7.27, P = 8.98 x 10(-16) for CHO intake; beta = -36.4 +/- 5.95. P = 9.96 x 10(-10) for FAT intake; and beta = 3.30 +/- 0.49. P = 1.48 x 10(-11) for the CHO/FAT ratio. Furthermore, CPT1A mRNA expression was negatively associated with CHO intake, and positively associated with FAT intake, and metabolic phenotypes. Mediation analysis supports the hypothesis that CHO intake induces CPT1A methylation, hence reducing the risk of metabolic diseases, whereas FAT intake inhibits CPT1A methylation, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the proportion of total energy supplied by CHO and FAT can have a causal effect on the risk of metabolic diseases via the epigenetic status of CPT1A.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Suo, Jiajia, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional sulfonium-based treatment for perovskite solar cells with less than 1% efficiency loss over 4,500-h operational stability tests
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2058-7546.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stabilization of grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite layer is critical to extend the durability of perovskite solar cells. Here we introduced a sulfonium-based molecule, dimethylphenethylsulfonium iodide (DMPESI), for the post-deposition treatment of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films. The treated films show improved stability upon light soaking and remains in the black alpha phase after two years ageing under ambient condition without encapsulation. The DMPESI-treated perovskite solar cells show less than 1% performance loss after more than 4,500 h at maximum power point tracking, yielding a theoretical T80 of over nine years under continuous 1-sun illumination. The solar cells also display less than 5% power conversion efficiency drops under various ageing conditions, including 100 thermal cycles between 25 degrees C and 85 degrees C and an 1,050-h damp heat test. Suo et al. show that sulfonium-based molecules afford formamidinium lead iodide perovskites protection against environmental stress factors, improved phase stability and solar cells retaining efficiency over 4,500-h operational stability tests.
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| 21. |
- Tiwari, A., et al.
(författare)
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Plastic Deformation of Rough Metallic Surfaces
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tribology letters. - : Springer. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 68:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contact between rough metallic bodies almost always involves plastic flow in the area of real contact. We performed indentation experiments on sandblasted aluminum surfaces to explore the plastic deformation of asperities and modeled the contact mechanics using the boundary element method, combined with a simple numerical procedure to take into account the plastic flow. The theory can quantitatively describe the modification of the roughness by the plastic flow. Since the long-wavelength roughness determines the fluid leakage of metallic seals in most cases, we predict that the leakage can be estimated based on the elastoplastic contact mechanics model employed here.
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