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- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Gender analysis of musculoskeletal disorders and emotional exhaustion : interactive effects from physical and psychosocial work exposures and engagement in domestic work
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 55:2, s. 212-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between physical and psychosocial work exposures, engagement in domestic work and work-home imbalance in relation to symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders and emotional exhaustion in white- and blue-collar men and women. Three thousand employees from 21 companies were asked to answer a questionnaire on family structure, household and child care tasks, work exposure, work-home imbalance and symptoms of neck/shoulder disorders, low back disorders and emotional exhaustion. Women reported more musculoskeletal disorders and engagement in domestic work. Adverse at-work exposures were highest in blue-collar women. High engagement in domestic work was not separately associated with symptoms but paid work exposure factors were associated. High engagement in domestic work interacted with adverse work exposure and increased risk estimates for low back disorders and emotional exhaustion. Reported work-home imbalance was associated with neck/shoulder disorders in women and with emotional exhaustion in both women and men. Practitioner Summary. The current article adds to earlier research by showing that high engagement in domestic work is not separately associated with increased symptoms, but interacts with psychosocial work exposure variables to produce emotional exhaustion in both women and men and low back disorders in women.
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- Ahlgren, Thorbjörn, 1959-
(författare)
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Institutionalisering på hemmaplan : En idés resa i den sociala barnavården
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes and analyses in three substudies how home-based measures for children are expanding and why an open care idea are established as part of the Swedish child welfare. The first substudy describes the national increment of what today can be considered as a treatment policy – non-institutional care in child welfare. The results are analysed with Kingdon's agenda setting theory and shows that the factors of what Kingdon describes as problems-, politics- and policyflow influenced the national increment. Significant mechanisms have primarily been, the profession, the society's concerns for socially disadvantaged children, negative experiences of institutionalisation and a political position to deinstitutionalise all care. The second substudy focuses on how knowledge and research contributes to ideological, professional, and organizational change in child welfare by analysis of Research & Developments reports and articles from the professional journal Socionomen. Based on the neo-institutional concepts of organisational fields and isoformism the study's results shows that a consequence of adaptation strategies and "rationalized myths" are a number of similarities in how home-based measures are organized and which measures that are used. The third substudy, a case study, analyses how we can understand a local development of ideas in social services for children with concepts from neo institutional theory. Interviews and municipal documents are analysed and shows that the local translation of an open care idea is characterized by discretion, personal preferences and action and affects the choice of method and organization. The study also shows a political mistrust of institutional care while there is at the same time political confidence in the individual social worker's ability to find solutions that allow non-institutional measures to be an alternative to institutional care.An overall conclusion of the thesis is that there is now a treatment policy in social services for the children, which involves extensive efforts at home and it has led to that more children receive support from social services. One result of non-institutional care increment is that it led to increased costs for municipalities for intervention for children and young people when out-of-home care has not decreased. Another general conclusion is that translation and adaptation of ideas to local contexts is something that generally fits street-level bureaucrats need for discretion.
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| 5. |
- Atroshi, Isam, et al.
(författare)
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Costs for collagenase injections compared with fasciectomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture: a retrospective cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 4:1, s. 004166-004166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To compare collagenase injections and surgery (fasciectomy) for Dupuytren's contracture (DC) regarding actual total direct treatment costs and short-term outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Orthopaedic department of a regional hospital in Sweden. Participants: Patients aged 65 years or older with previously untreated DC of 30 degrees or greater in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and/or proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the small, ring or middle finger. The collagenase group comprised 16 consecutive patients treated during the first 6 months following the introduction of collagenase as treatment for DC at the study centre. The controls were 16 patients randomly selected among those operated on with fasciectomy at the same centre during the preceding 3 years. Interventions: Treatment with collagenase was given during two standard outpatient clinic visits (injection of 0.9 mg, distributed at multiple sites in a palpable cord, and next-day finger extension under local anaesthesia) followed by night-time splinting. Fasciectomy was carried out in the operating room (day surgery) under general or regional anaesthesia using standard technique, followed by therapy and splinting. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Actual total direct costs (salaries of all medical personnel involved in care, medications, materials and other relevant costs), and total MCP and PIP extension deficit (degrees) measured by hand therapists at 612 weeks after the treatment. Results: Collagenase injection required fewer hospital outpatient visits to a therapist and nurse than fasciectomy. Total treatment cost for collagenase injection was US$1418.04 and for fasciectomy US $2102.56. The post-treatment median (IQR) total extension deficit was 10 (0-30) for the collagenase group and 10 (0-34) for the fasciectomy group. Conclusions: Treatment of DC with one collagenase injection costs 33% less than fasciectomy with equivalent efficacy at 6 weeks regarding reduction in contracture.
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| 7. |
- Larson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Bioaccumulation of microcystins in the food web : a field study of four Swedish lakes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Inland Waters. - 2044-2041 .- 2044-205X. ; 4:1, s. 91-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transfer of microcystins (MC) up the food chain was measured in 4 lakes in central Sweden; Ekoln, Lilla Ullfjärden, Valloxen, and Storsjön. In lakes Ekoln and Valloxen, Microcystis aeruginosa was the dominant cyanobacterium, while the oscillatorian species Planktothrix prolifica form dense blooms in Lake Lilla Ullfjärden. The cyanobacterial composition in Lake Storsjön was more diverse with several Microcystis andDolichospermum species. All dominant taxa are well-known producers of hepatotoxic MC. The highest recorded MC in the water samples from Lake Lilla Ullfjärden was measured in the bloom of P. prolifica (35 µg L−1). The highest MC content was measured in invertebrates; however, the MC concentration was usually low in fish. Maximum levels were 9 µg g−1 dry weight (dw) in zooplankton, 10 µg g−1 dw in benthos, and 2.7 µg g−1 dw in fish (smelt) liver. In fish muscle the highest recorded levels were 0.10–0.18 µg g−1 dw in bleak and smelt from Lake Lilla Ullfjärden and in pike-perch and roach from Lake Storsjön. Based on the World Health Organization’s tolerable daily intake value of 0.04 µg kg−1 body weight, we conclude that any risk related to MC from human consumption of fish from these lakes is minimal.
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- Söderberg, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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The molecular basis of iron-induced oligomerization of frataxin and the role of the ferroxidation reaction in oligomerization.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 288:12, s. 8156-8167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the mitochondrial protein frataxin in iron storage and detoxification, iron delivery to iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, heme biosynthesis and aconitase repair has been extensively studied during the last decade. However, still no general consensus exists on the details of the mechanism of frataxin function and oligomerization. Here, using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray crystallography, we describe the solution structure of the oligomers formed during the iron-dependent assembly of yeast (Yfh1) and E. coli (CyaY) frataxin. At an iron-to-protein ratio of 2, the initially monomeric Yfh1 is converted to a trimeric form in solution. The trimer in turn serves as the assembly unit for higher-order oligomers induced at higher iron-to-protein ratios. The X-ray crystallographic structure obtained from iron-soaked crystals demonstrates that iron binds at the trimer-trimer interaction sites, presumably contributing to oligomer stabilization. For the ferroxidation-deficient D79A;D82A variant of Yfh1, iron-dependent oligomerization may still take place, although more than 50% of the protein is found in the monomeric state at the highest iron-to-protein ratio used. This demonstrates that the ferroxidation reaction controls frataxin assembly and presumably the iron chaperone function of frataxin and its interactions with target proteins. For E. coli CyaY, the assembly unit of higher order oligomers is a tetramer, which could be an effect of the much shorter N-terminal region of this protein. The results show that understanding of the mechanistic features of frataxin function requires detailed knowledge of the interplay between the ferroxidation reaction, iron-induced oligomerization and the structure of oligomers formed during assembly.
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| 9. |
- Willen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Cyanotoxin production in seven Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Inland Waters. - 2044-2041 .- 2044-205X. ; 1:2, s. 81-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that unusual deaths and illnesses in wild and domestic animals in lake areas of the Rift Valley south of Addis Ababa were caused by toxic cyanobacteria. In the first cyanotoxic analyses conducted in samples from Ethiopia, we found lakes Chamo, Abaya, Awassa, Chitu, Langano, Ziway, and Koka all had concentrations of microcystins (MC) ranging from trace to hazardous, whereas only traces less than limits of detection (LOD) of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) were found. In the December 2006 dry season we sampled the lakes for analyses of MC, CYN, species structures, and calculations of cyanobacteria biomass. We used the Utermol technique to analyse cyanobacterial biomass and monitored MC toxins using HPLC-DAD, LC-ESI-MS-MRM, and ELISA-test and CYN with HPLC-DAD and ELISA. The various toxicity tests coincided well. In 4 of the lakes (Chamo, Langano, Ziway, and Koka), the inter-lake range of total MC concentration was 1.3-48 mu g L-1; in 3 (Abaya, Awassa, and Chitu), we found only traces of MC. Microcystis aeruginosa was the dominant species, with Microcystis panniformis, Anabaena spiroides, and Cylindrospermopsis spp. as subdominants. The MC concentration, especially in Lake Koka, exceeded levels for serious health hazards for humans, cattle, and wildlife.
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