| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(author)
-
The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
-
The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08003
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Qadri, Firdausi, et al.
(author)
-
Reduced doses of oral killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine is safe and immunogenic in Bangladeshi infants 6-17 months of age: dosing studies in different age groups
- 2006
-
In: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 24:10, s. 1726-33
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The oral-formalin inactivated whole cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine needs to be further tested in developing countries in order to determine the dose at which it will be safe and immunogenic for infants who are the target population for the vaccine. To determine the immunogenicity of reduced doses, studies were first carried out in children, 2-12 years of age (n = 60). The full, half or a quarter doses of the vaccine were comparable in immunogenicity with similar frequency of responses seen to the different antigens (P = NS). Following this result, a pilot study carried out in infants, 6-17 months of age (n = 50), showed that the frequency of episodes of vomiting was lowest when a quarter of the full dose was used. The infants however showed comparable immune responses to the half and quarter dose of vaccine that was tested (P = NS). Based on these results in the infants, a randomized double blind placebo-controlled Phase II study was carried out in 158 children, 6-17 months of age, where a quarter dose of the ETEC vaccine was tested. Adverse events of mild vomiting were seen in only 4% of vaccinees and in 2.5% of placebo recipients. The IgA-antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses to CFA/I (GM: 28.1 ASC/10(7) PBMC) and BS (GM: 55.7 ASC/10(7) PBMC) were elevated compared to placebo recipients (CFA/I-2.0; BS-4.8 ASC/10(7) PBMC) (P = 0.01 to < 0.001). The plasma-IgA antibody titers in vaccinees were also significantly elevated to CFA/I (GM-93.00), CS1 (GM-62.0), CS2 (GM-55.0), CS4 (GM-66.0) and BS (1057.0) compared to preimmune levels or responses or levels in placebo recipients (P < or = 0.05-0.001). This study thus demonstrates that reduced doses of the ETEC vaccine is immunogenic in children and infants as well as safe in infants down to 6 months of age.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ahmed, Syed, et al.
(author)
-
A comprehensive and compact n-heptane oxidation model derived using chemical lumping
- 2007
-
In: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084. ; 9:9, s. 1107-1126
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A detailed reaction mechanism for n-heptane oxidation has been compiled and subsequently simplified. The model is based on a kinetic model for C1-C4 fuel oxidation of Hoyermann et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2004, 6, 3824] and a detailed mechanism for n-heptane oxidation developed by Curran et al. [Combust. Flame, 1998, 114, 149]. The generated mechanism is kept compact by limiting the application of the low temperature oxidation pathways to the fuel molecule. The first reaction steps and the complex low temperature paths in the oxidation process have been simplified and reorganized by linear chemical lumping. The reported procedure allows a decrease in number of species and reactions with only a minor loss of model accuracy. The simplified model is of very compact size and gives an advantageous starting point for further model reduction. By this chemically lumped general mechanism without further adjustments the large set of experimental data for the high and low temperature oxidation ( ignition delay times, species concentration profiles, heat release and engine pressure profiles, flame speeds and flame structure data) for conditions ranging from very low to high temperatures (550-2500 K), very lean to extremely fuel rich (0.22 < phi < 3) mixtures and pressures between 1 and 42 bar is consistently described providing a basis for reliable predictions for future applications, (i) building reaction mechanisms for similar but chemically more complex fuels (e.g. iso-octane, n-decane,...) and (ii) calculating complex flow fields ("fluid dynamics'') after further simplification with advanced reduction tools.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Kharitonova, T, et al.
(author)
-
Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign on admission CT scan--prognostic significance for ischaemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis in the safe implementation of thrombolysis in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register
- 2009
-
In: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 27:1, s. 51-59
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on CT scan before stroke thrombolysis is associated with increased risk for haemorrhage and unfavourable outcome in several small studies. <i>Methods:</i> We examined baseline characteristics, intracranial haemorrhage and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with and without HMCAS using the internet-based Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. Symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) was defined as a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score decrease of ≥4 points plus type 2 parenchymal haemorrhage on imaging [Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) definition], or any haemorrhage on follow-up imaging combined with a decrease of at least 1 point on the NIHSS [randomized controlled trial (RCT) definition]. Three-month outcomes were mortality and independence (modified Rankin scale score = 0–2). <i>Results:</i> 1,905 of 10,023 (19.0%) patients had HMCAS. Patients with HMCAS (vs. no HMCAS) were younger (median age 68 vs. 70 years, p < 0.001), had severer stroke (baseline NIHSS score 17 vs. 11, p < 0.05), higher mortality [23% (95% CI 20.0–25.1) vs. 13% (95% CI 12.1–13.7)] and lower independence [31% (95% CI 28.5–33.0) vs. 56% (95% CI 54.8–57.2)]. SICH rates per the SITS-MOST were 1.3% (95% CI 0.8–1.9) versus 1.8% (95% CI 1.5–2.1) and per the RCT definition 10.3% (95% CI 9.0–11.8) versus 6.8% (95% CI 6.2–7.3). In multivariable analysis, HMCAS was not an independent predictor of SICH but of mortality and independence per the SITS-MOST. <i>Conclusions:</i> HMCAS patients had severer stroke and a worse 3-month outcome. The risk for SICH per the SITS-MOST definition was similar compared to non-HMCAS patients, although increased per the RCT definition. There is not sufficient evidence to exclude these patients from intravenous thrombolysis. Combined treatment approaches might be considered in the perspective of the severe outcome and evaluated in RCTs.
|
|
| 16. |
- Lazoudis, A., et al.
(author)
-
Experimental observation of the dependence of Autler-Townes splitting on the probe and coupling laser wave-number ratio in Doppler-broadened open molecular cascade systems
- 2008
-
In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 78:4, s. 43405-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have investigated the effects of inhomogeneous Doppler line broadening on the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in a three-level open molecular cascade system. For moderate Rabi frequencies in the range of 300-600 MHz, the fluorescence line shape from the uppermost level parallel to 3 > in this system depends strongly on the wave-number ratio of the two laser fields. However, the fluorescence spectrum of the intermediate level parallel to 2 > appears as expected. We provide a description of the conditions for optimally resolved AT splitting in terms of the ratio of the probe and coupling laser wave numbers, and the laser propagation geometry based on our theoretical analysis of the Doppler integral. The low threshold Rabi frequency region for Autler-Townes splitting is important for high-resolution Autler-Townes spectroscopy since the laser E-field amplitudes are modest in continuous-wave laser experiments.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Margeridon-Thermet, S, et al.
(author)
-
Ultra-deep pyrosequencing of hepatitis B virus quasispecies from nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-treated patients and NRTI-naive patients
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 199:9, s. 1275-1285
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dynamics of emerging nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance in hepatitis B virus (HBV) are not well understood because standard dideoxynucleotide direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing assays detect drug-resistance mutations only after they have become dominant. To obtain insight into NRTI resistance, we used a new sequencing technology to characterize the spectrum of low-prevalence NRTI-resistance mutations in HBV obtained from 20 plasma samples from 11 NRTI-treated patients and 17 plasma samples from 17 NRTI-naive patients, by using standard direct PCR sequencing and ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS). UDPS detected drug-resistance mutations that were not detected by PCR in 10 samples from 5 NRTI-treated patients, including the lamivudine-resistance mutation V173L (in 5 samples), the entecavir-resistance mutations T184S (in 2 samples) and S202G (in 1 sample), the adefovir-resistance mutation N236T (in 1 sample), and the lamivudine and adefovir-resistance mutations V173L, L180M, A181T, and M204V (in 1 sample). G-to-A hypermutation mediated by the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like family of cytidine deaminases was estimated to be present in 0.6% of reverse-transcriptase genes. Genotype A coinfection was detected by UDPS in each of 3 patients in whom genotype G virus was detected by direct PCR sequencing. UDPS detected low-prevalence HBV variants with NRTI-resistance mutations, G-to-A hypermutation, and low-level dual genotype infection with a sensitivity not previously possible.
|
|
| 19. |
- Nahar, Baitun, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of psychosocial stimulation on growth and development of severely malnourished children in a nutrition unit in Bangladesh
- 2009
-
In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 63:6, s. 725-731
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Young children with severe malnutrition usually have poor mental development. Psychosocial stimulation may reduce their cognitive deficit, but it is not usually provided. The aim of the study was to incorporate stimulation into the routine treatment of severely malnourished children in a nutrition unit and evaluate the impact on their growth and development. DESIGN: Time-lagged controlled study. SETTING: Nutritional Rehabilitation Unit (NRU) in ICDDR,B Dhaka Hospital. METHODS: Severely malnourished children, aged 6-24 months, admitted to the NRU were enrolled. All received standard nutritional care. A control group of 43 children was studied initially, followed by an intervention group of 54 children. The intervened mothers and children participated in daily group meetings and individual play sessions for 2 weeks in hospital and were visited at home for 6 months. Children's growth was measured and development assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. RESULTS: Twenty-seven children were lost to the study. In the remaining children, both groups had similar developmental scores and anthropometry initially. After 6 months, the intervention group had improved more than the controls did by a mean of 6.9 (P<0.001; 95% CI: 3.9, 10.0) mental and 3.1 (P=0.024; 95% CI: 0.4, 5.7) motor raw scores and a mean of 0.4 (P=0.029; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8) weight-for-age z scores, controlling for background variables. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial stimulation integrated into treatment of severely malnourished children in hospital, followed by home visits for 6 months, was effective in improving children's growth and development and should be an integral part of their treatment.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Roland, PE, et al.
(author)
-
Cortical feedback depolarization waves: a mechanism of top-down influence on early visual areas
- 2006
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 103:33, s. 12586-12591
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the lack of direct evidence, it is generally believed that top-down signals are mediated by the abundant feedback connections from higher- to lower-order sensory areas. Here we provide direct evidence for a top-down mechanism. We stained the visual cortex of the ferret with a voltage-sensitive dye and presented a short-duration contrast square. This elicited an initial feedforward and lateral spreading depolarization at the square representation in areas 17 and 18. After a delay, a broad feedback wave (FBW) of neuron peak depolarization traveled from areas 21 and 19 toward areas 18 and 17. In areas 18 and 17, the FBW contributed the peak depolarization of dendrites of the neurons representing the square, after which the neurons decreased their depolarization and firing. Thereafter, the peak depolarization surrounded the figure representation over most of areas 17 and 18 representing the background. Thus, the FBW is an example of a well behaved long-range communication from higher-order visual areas to areas 18 and 17, collectively addressing very large populations of neurons representing the visual scene. Through local interaction with feedforward and lateral spreading depolarization, the FBW differentially activates neurons representing the object and neurons representing the background.
|
|
| 22. |
- Salami, H., et al.
(author)
-
Spectroscopic observations, spin-orbit functions, and coupled-channel deperturbation analysis of data on the A (1)Sigma(+)(u) and b (3)Pi(u) states of Rb-2
- 2009
-
In: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 80:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present experimentally derived potential curves and spin-orbit interaction functions for the strongly perturbed A (1)Sigma(+)(u) and b (3)Pi(u) states of the rubidium dimer. The results are based on laser-induced fluorescence and optical-optical double-resonance polarization spectroscopy measurements combined with earlier laser-induced fluorescence data. We used an analytic potential (Hannover form) incorporated in a discrete variable representation of the Hamiltonian matrix for numerical energy-level calculation. A previous vibrational assignment of the A levels is confirmed, and very probable vibrational assignment for the b levels is also obtained. Currently, the rms residual of our fit is 0.053 cm(-1) as compared to the typical experimental uncertainties that are estimated to be 0.005 cm(-1). Fitted diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit functions are obtained and compared with ab initio calculations by all electrons and effective core pseudopotential methods. Analysis of the computational results yields an explanation for the ubiquitous single minima in these spin-orbit functions, which can be represented approximately by Morse-type functions.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Wahlin, Åke, et al.
(author)
-
The International Network on Public Health and Aging (INOPA) : Introducing a Life Course Perspective to the Public Health Agenda
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 23:1, s. 97-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we present an international network of researchers from projects examining the human aging process and its consequences. It is both vital and urgent to include aging and a life course perspective on the public health agenda, particularly in low-income countries. By announcing the network in a publication, we wish not just to position the network but, more importantly, to attract the attention of other potential collaborators either at the project, institutional, decision making, or applied level.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
