SwePub - sökning: WFRF:(Alm Bernt 1951)

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1.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) Early introduction of fish decreases the risk of eczema in infants. 2009 Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - : BMJ. - 1468-2044 .- 0003-9888. ; 94:1, s. 11-5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Atopic eczema in infants has increased in western societies. Environmental factors and the introduction of food may affect the risk of eczema. AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of eczema among infants in western Sweden, describe patterns of food introduction and assess risk factors for eczema at 1 year of age. METHODS: Data were obtained from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of infants born in western Sweden in 2003; 8176 families were randomly selected and, 6 months after the infant's birth, were invited to participate and received questionnaires. A second questionnaire was sent out when the infants were 12 months old. Both questionnaires were completed and medical birth register data were obtained for 4921 infants (60.2% of the selected population). RESULTS: At 1 year of age, 20.9% of the infants had previous or current eczema. Median age at onset was 4 months. In multivariable analysis, familial occurrence of eczema, especially in siblings (OR 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50 to 2.33) or the mother (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.84), remained an independent risk factor. Introducing fish before 9 months of age (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.94) and having a bird in the home (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.75) were beneficial. CONCLUSIONS: One in five infants suffer from eczema during the first year of life. Familial eczema increased the risk, while early fish introduction and bird keeping decreased it. Breast feeding and time of milk and egg introduction did not affect the risk.
2.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) Luftrörsobstruktiva besvär och eksem oväntat vanligt hos svenska spädbarn. Intressanta fynd i enkätstudie om kost-och levnadsvanor hos småbarn. : [Bronchial obstruction and eczema unexpectedly common among Swedish infants. Interesting findings in an questionnaire study about food and life style habits of small children] 2005 Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 102:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In our questionnaire study of 599 six-month-old and 512 twelve-month-old infants born in Western Sweden, we found that parents continued to adhere to outdated primary preventive recommendations against introducing eggs and fish early in the diet. Thirty-five percent of parents had not introduced eggs and 15% of the parents had not introduced fish by the time the infant was ten months old. We could also confirm a high prevalence of wheezing. At twelve months, 17.6 % had had one or more episode of wheezing. Of the twelve-month-old infants, 4.1% had received or were being given inhaled corticosteroids. Twenty-five% had or had had eczema at twelve months. 11% had been admitted to a neonatal ward and one-half of these had then been given broad-spectrum antibiotics (5.9% of all twelve-month-old infants in the study). 37% of the households kept fur-bearing pets. We believe that the questionnaire used in this study can be a useful instrument for estimating the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on the development of future asthma and allergy.
3.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) Neonatal antibiotic treatment is a risk factor for early wheezing. 2008 Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 121:4, s. 697-702 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: The use of antibiotics in infancy and subsequent changes in the intestinal bacterial flora have been discussed as risk factors for the development of asthma. However, it has been difficult to exclude the possibility that antibiotics have been given in early episodes of wheezing. As a result, there has been a risk of reverse causation. To minimize the risk of reverse causation, we have focused on the effect of antibiotics that are already administered on the neonatal ward. METHODS: In a cohort study of infants born in western Sweden in 2003, we studied the development of wheezing. The families of the infants were randomly selected and sent a questionnaire at child ages 6 and 12 months. The response rate was 68.5% to the 6-month questionnaire and 68.9% to the 12-month questionnaire. RESULTS: At 12 months, 20.2% of infants had had 1 or more episodes of wheezing, and 5.3% had had 3 or more episodes. Inhaled corticosteroids had been taken by 4.1% of the infants. Independent risk factors for wheezing disorder treated with inhaled corticosteroids were neonatal antibiotic treatment, male gender, gestational age of <37 weeks, having a mother with asthma, having a sibling with asthma or eczema, and breastfeeding for <5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with antibiotics in the neonatal period was an independent risk factor for wheezing that was treated with inhaled corticosteroids at 12 months of age. These results indirectly support the hypothesis that an alteration in the intestinal flora can increase the risk of subsequent wheezing.
4.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) [New discoveries on sudden infant death. Pacifiers protect, "co-sleeping" and nicotine (also patch/chewing gum) increase the risk] 2006 Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 103:8, s. 528-9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
5.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) Plötslig spädbarnsdöd-nya och gamla råd 2007 Ingår i: Barnläkaren. - 1651-0534. ; :1, s. 14-5 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
6.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) SIDS diagnosis should not be put to bed. 2008 Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:6, s. 695-6 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The finding that prone sleeping position and smoking are important risk factors for SIDS has considerably reduced the incidence. Although these risk factors can be found in many cases of SIDS, they cannot be regarded as causes of death. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of SIDS must be adhered to, and risk factors must not be confused with diagnoses. A structured follow-up of all cases of SIDS can be a cost-effective mean to ensure that parents and researchers are given adequate information.
7.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) SIDS risk factors and factors associated with prone sleeping in Sweden 2006 Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - : BMJ. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 91:11, s. 915-9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the current prevalence of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Sweden with a decade earlier, and assess factors associated with prone sleeping. METHODS: The results of a cohort study (Infants of Western Sweden) and a population based case-control study (Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study) were examined. Subjects were 5600 healthy 6 month old infants born in 2003 in the Western Sweden region and 430 healthy Swedish infants born between 1991 and 1995. RESULTS: Prone sleeping decreased from 31.8% to 5.6% and supine sleeping increased from 35.3% to 47.3%. Side or side/supine sleeping increased from 25.2% to 43.8%. Maternal smoking during pregnancy decreased from 23.5% to 9.5%. The risk for prone sleeping increased if the mother was unemployed (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.0), if she was a heavy smoker in the third trimester (OR 44.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 1199.6), and if the child was irritable (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.1), shared a bedroom with siblings (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6), or never used a dummy (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.4). CONCLUSIONS: Parents have complied with advice to prevent SIDS given at infant welfare centres for the last 10 years. A change in the preferred sleeping position from side variants to exclusively supine, and reducing the number of pregnant women smoking may be beneficial. Use of a prone sleeping position was associated with maternal employment status, maternal smoking, temperament of the child, dummy use, and sharing a bedroom with siblings.
8.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) Stop SIDS - sleeping solitary supine, sucking soother, stopping smoking substitutes 2006 Ingår i: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 95:3, s. 260-262 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
9.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) [Sudden infant death needed as diagnosis. The BMJ idea not relevant--the diagnosis a basis for national SIDS registry] : Plötslig spädbarnsdöd behövs som diagnos. BMJ-idé inte relevant – diagnosen grund för nationellt SIDS-register 2008 Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:14, s. 988-9 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
10.	Alm, Bernt, 1951 (författare) [The pillar of public health. Child vaccination still a hot issue] : Folkhälsans stöttepelare. Andå är barnvaccinationerna en het fråga. 2008 Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:22 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
11.	Alm, Bernt, 1951 (författare) To co-sleep or not to sleep? 2007 Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:10, s. 1385-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
12.	Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al. (författare) Vi måste ta ställning till nya forskningsfynd. 2006 Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 103, s. 957-8 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
13.	Edner, A., et al. (författare) Why do ALTE infants not die in SIDS? 2007 Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:2, s. 191-4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: To compare known risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) amongst infants with apparent life threatening events (ALTE) with their matched controls, and ALTE infants who subsequently died of SIDS with infants surviving an ALTE. METHODS: Questionnaires with replies were obtained from 58 ALTE infants and 56 sex and age matched ALTE control infants. 244 SIDS cases and 868 SIDS controls were used as comparison. RESULTS: The incidence of ALTE was found to be 1.9% among SIDS controls, but 7.4% among infants who later on died of SIDS. The parents sought medical advice in 0.9% vs 3.7%. ALTE infants did not differ from their matched controls. In the ALTE group 13.3% of the survivors had the combination of prone sleeping and maternal smoking compared with 33.3% of those who became SIDS victims. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show some major differences between the ALTE infants and SIDS victims not supporting that these conditions belong to the same entity. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that there is a subpopulation of ALTE infants who did not die in SIDS due to that they were sleeping on the back and not exposed to nicotine.
14.	Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al. (författare) Asthma symptoms in early childhood--what happens then? 2006 Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 95:4, s. 471-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: To study the outcome in early adulthood for children with early asthma symptoms and to analyse the factors associated with current asthma. METHODS: In a prospective study, we have re-investigated 89/101 children who were hospitalized before the age of two years due to wheezing. The children were investigated using a questionnaire and allergy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness tests at the age of 17-20 years and compared with age-matched controls. RESULTS: In the cohort, 43% had had asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months compared with 15% in the control group. The strongest risk factors for asthma were current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender. Female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. In addition to female gender, two pathways led to current asthma: an allergic pathway from family atopy via the development of allergy and another pathway from early passive smoking via hyper-responsiveness and active smoking. CONCLUSION: In children with early wheezing disorder, current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender were the strongest risk factors for asthma in early adulthood, while female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. The effects of early passive smoking persist longer than previously reported.
15.	Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al. (författare) Reduced airway function in early adulthood among subjects with wheezing disorder before two years of age. 2008 Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 43:4, s. 396-403 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: To compare airway function in early adulthood in subjects with wheezing in infancy with age-matched controls and to analyze what accounts for a possible difference. METHODS: Asthma development has been prospectively studied in 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of two. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested with spirometry and for bronchial hyper-responsiveness and allergic sensitization. An age-matched population (n = 294) was used for comparison. RESULTS: The cohort had a significantly lower FEV(1)/FVC ratio and MEF(50), both pre- and post-bronchodilation, compared with the controls, P < 0.01. The reduction in airway function was most evident in current asthmatic female subjects, but a reduced pre-bronchodilation FEV(1)/FVC ratio was also seen in symptom-free cohort subjects, P = 0.03. In the multivariate analysis, female gender was the most prominent independent risk factor for reduced airway function in early adulthood, pre-bronchodilation OR 4.0 (1.4-11.3) and post-bronchodilation OR 8.8 (1.8-42.0). In addition, a history of early wheezing, that is, belonging to the cohort, was an independent risk factor for reduced airway function pre-bronchodilation, OR 3.3 (1.3-8.7). Furthermore, there was an association between current bronchial hyper-responsiveness and an increased risk of reduced airway function post-bronchodilation, OR 7.3 (2.0-26.6). CONCLUSION: Reduced airway function in early adulthood was found in subjects with wheezing early in life, compared with age-matched controls. The reduction was most prominent in females with current asthma.
16.	Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al. (författare) The impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on future asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness 2007 Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 96:7, s. 1030-5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: To analyse the impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on asthma presence, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airway function and active smoking in early adulthood. METHODS: We have prospectively studied 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of 2 years. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested for airway function and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. RESULTS: There was a significant, independent correlation between both pre- and post-natal smoke exposure and asthma at age 17-20 years, OR 3.5 (1.1-11.3) and 3.4 (1.2-10.1), respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for current bronchial hyper-responsiveness, OR 6.6 (1.2-35.5). Pre-natal smoke exposure seemed to negatively affect small airway function in early adulthood due to structural changes. Post-natal smoke exposure was independently associated with an increased risk of current smoking, OR 7.4 (1.6-35.2). CONCLUSION: In subjects hospitalized due to early wheezing, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure increase the risk of asthma in early adulthood. The connection between pre-natal smoke exposure and asthma appears to be mediated via the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Smoke exposure in infancy is associated with an increased risk of active smoking in early adult age, which is in turn linked to current asthma.
17.	Knutsson, N., et al. (författare) Immediate injection pain in infants aged 18 months during vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella with either Priorix or MMR-II 2006 Ingår i: Vaccine. - 0264-410X. ; 24:31-32, s. 5800-5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether, the vaccine Priorix causes less immediate injection pain than MMR-II in vaccination of infants aged 18-24 months who were offered vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. The infants were randomised into one of the two vaccine groups (Priorix/MMR-II in a double-blind study. One observer assessed pain, using CHEOPS (Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain scale), and the parent used the Visual Analogue Pain scale (VAS). Pain assessment was made in 295 infants. Mean age was 19.08 months. Mean VAS value was 2.3/5.2 for Priorix and MMR-II, respectively (p<0.001). Mean CHEOPS value was 1.9/6.1 for Priorix and MMR-II, respectively (p<0.001). The study shows that Priorix gives less immediate injection pain than MMR-II.
18.	Lagercrantz, Hugo, et al. (författare) [Findings about sudden infant death having attracted attention. Minimal risk in supine position and free face] : Uppmärksammade fynd om plötslig spädbarnsdöd. Minimal risk vid ryggläge och fritt ansikte. 2009 Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 106:50-51, s. 3406-7 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
19.	O'Byrne, Paul M, et al. (författare) Severe exacerbations and decline in lung function in asthma. 2009 Ingår i: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. - 1535-4970. ; 179:1, s. 19-24 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To evaluate the association between asthma exacerbations and the decline in lung function, as well as the potential effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, on exacerbation-related decline in patients with asthma.
20.	Roswall, Josefine, et al. (författare) Population-based waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio reference values in preschool children. 2009 Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - Chichester : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 98:10, s. 1632-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To establish new reference values for measurements of waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in preschool children.

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