| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Search for particles decaying into a Z boson and a photon in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 641:6, s. 415-422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of a search for a new particle X produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s- = 1.96 TeV and subsequently decaying to Z gamma. The search uses 0.3 fb(-1) of data collected with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We set limits on the production cross section times the branching fraction sigma(p (p) over bar -> X) x B(X -> Z gamma) that range from 0.4 to 3.5 pb at the 95% C.L. for X with invariant masses between 100 and 1000 GeV/c(2), over a wide range of X decay widths.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Menzel, Annette, et al.
(författare)
-
European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 12:10, s. 1969-1976
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global climate change impacts can already be tracked in many physical and biological systems; in particular, terrestrial ecosystems provide a consistent picture of observed changes. One of the preferred indicators is phenology, the science of natural recurring events, as their recorded dates provide a high-temporal resolution of ongoing changes. Thus, numerous analyses have demonstrated an earlier onset of spring events for mid and higher latitudes and a lengthening of the growing season. However, published single-site or single-species studies are particularly open to suspicion of being biased towards predominantly reporting climate change-induced impacts. No comprehensive study or meta-analysis has so far examined the possible lack of evidence for changes or shifts at sites where no temperature change is observed. We used an enormous systematic phenological network data set of more than 125000 observational series of 542 plant and 19 animal species in 21 European countries (1971-2000). Our results showed that 78% of all leafing, flowering and fruiting records advanced (30% significantly) and only 3% were significantly delayed, whereas the signal of leaf colouring/fall is ambiguous. We conclude that previously published results of phenological changes were not biased by reporting or publication predisposition: the average advance of spring/summer was 2.5 days decade -1 in Europe. Our analysis of 254 mean national time series undoubtedly demonstrates that species' phenology is responsive to temperature of the preceding months (mean advance of spring/summer by 2.5 days °C -1, delay of leaf colouring and fall by 1.0 day °C -1). The pattern of observed change in spring efficiently matches measured national warming across 19 European countries (correlation coefficient r = -0.69, P < 0.001).
|
|
| 7. |
- Olsson, G. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Family conditions and dietary control in phenylketonuria
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. - Berlin : Springer. - 0141-8955 .- 1573-2665. ; 30:5, s. 708-715
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This investigation is an attempt to describe coping with phenylketonuria (PKU) in order to understand some aspects underlying good compliance. Methods The coping concept was applied to PKU in two questionnaires. Self- and parental ratings were combined with assessments of phenylalanine levels and the severity of the disease. All Swedish patients with PKU born in 1980–91, a total of 53 children and youths with their parents, were invited to participate in the study and 41 (77%) of them did so. Results The patients turned out to have good compliance with the diet. The main result was that patients with separated or divorced parents were more likely to have higher phenylalanine levels and this association was not diminished by adjustment for the potential confounding factors. Conclusion Patients’ need for support must be judged individually according to different family conditions.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Alm, Albert, et al.
(författare)
-
Side effects associated with prostaglandin analog therapy
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Survey of ophthalmology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6257 .- 1879-3304. ; 53:Suppl. 1, s. S93-S105
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topical prostaglandin analogs, which have become first-line therapy in the medical management of glaucoma, have an excellent safety profile with regard to systemic side effects, but are associated with several ocular side effects. Some of these are common, with no apparent serious consequences other than cosmetic, whereas others are much less common but represent potentially sight-threatening side effects. The former group includes conjunctival hyperemia, elongation and darkening of eyelashes, induced iris darkening, and periocular skin pigmentation. The latter group of side effects, which are relatively rare and lack definitive causal relationship to prostaglandin analog therapy, includes iris cysts, cystoid macular edema, anterior uveitis, and reactivation of herpes simplex keratitis. Most of the literature regarding side effects associated with prostaglandin analogs involves the use of latanoprost, probably because it was the first to be studied. There is no evidence, however, aside from less conjunctival hyperemia with latanoprost, that the commercially available prostaglandin analogs differ significantly with regard to side effects.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Edner, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Why do ALTE infants not die in SIDS?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:2, s. 191-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare known risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) amongst infants with apparent life threatening events (ALTE) with their matched controls, and ALTE infants who subsequently died of SIDS with infants surviving an ALTE. METHODS: Questionnaires with replies were obtained from 58 ALTE infants and 56 sex and age matched ALTE control infants. 244 SIDS cases and 868 SIDS controls were used as comparison. RESULTS: The incidence of ALTE was found to be 1.9% among SIDS controls, but 7.4% among infants who later on died of SIDS. The parents sought medical advice in 0.9% vs 3.7%. ALTE infants did not differ from their matched controls. In the ALTE group 13.3% of the survivors had the combination of prone sleeping and maternal smoking compared with 33.3% of those who became SIDS victims. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show some major differences between the ALTE infants and SIDS victims not supporting that these conditions belong to the same entity. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that there is a subpopulation of ALTE infants who did not die in SIDS due to that they were sleeping on the back and not exposed to nicotine.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Eklund, J. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Monoamine oxidase activity and tri-iodothyronine level in violent offenders with early behavioural problems
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 52:3, s. 122-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus is on evaluating the relationships between early behavioural problems and biochemical variables at adult age and their significance for early criminality and violent behaviour in a life perspective. In the present study, using prospective longitudinal data, a sample of males with a history of early criminal behaviour and male controls (n = 103) were investigated concerning (1) teacher-rated behaviours at age 11–14 years; (2) platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and tri-iodothyronine (T3) level at adult age; (3) registered early criminality (11–14 years); (4) records of violent offending up to age 35 years, and (5) interview data on smoking. The main finding was that a combined risk level pattern of low MAO activity and high T3level was found significantly more frequently than expected in violent offenders with an early behavioural risk pattern. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between early attention difficulties and smoking on MAO activity, as well as an effect by smoking on MAO activity. The findings are discussed in terms of the possible influence of biological vulnerability to certain behaviours, which in combination with possible childhood stress, enhance the risk for antisocial behaviours and subsequent violence.
|
|
| 18. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Asthma symptoms in early childhood--what happens then?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 95:4, s. 471-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the outcome in early adulthood for children with early asthma symptoms and to analyse the factors associated with current asthma. METHODS: In a prospective study, we have re-investigated 89/101 children who were hospitalized before the age of two years due to wheezing. The children were investigated using a questionnaire and allergy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness tests at the age of 17-20 years and compared with age-matched controls. RESULTS: In the cohort, 43% had had asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months compared with 15% in the control group. The strongest risk factors for asthma were current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender. Female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. In addition to female gender, two pathways led to current asthma: an allergic pathway from family atopy via the development of allergy and another pathway from early passive smoking via hyper-responsiveness and active smoking. CONCLUSION: In children with early wheezing disorder, current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender were the strongest risk factors for asthma in early adulthood, while female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. The effects of early passive smoking persist longer than previously reported.
|
|
| 19. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced airway function in early adulthood among subjects with wheezing disorder before two years of age.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 43:4, s. 396-403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare airway function in early adulthood in subjects with wheezing in infancy with age-matched controls and to analyze what accounts for a possible difference. METHODS: Asthma development has been prospectively studied in 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of two. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested with spirometry and for bronchial hyper-responsiveness and allergic sensitization. An age-matched population (n = 294) was used for comparison. RESULTS: The cohort had a significantly lower FEV(1)/FVC ratio and MEF(50), both pre- and post-bronchodilation, compared with the controls, P < 0.01. The reduction in airway function was most evident in current asthmatic female subjects, but a reduced pre-bronchodilation FEV(1)/FVC ratio was also seen in symptom-free cohort subjects, P = 0.03. In the multivariate analysis, female gender was the most prominent independent risk factor for reduced airway function in early adulthood, pre-bronchodilation OR 4.0 (1.4-11.3) and post-bronchodilation OR 8.8 (1.8-42.0). In addition, a history of early wheezing, that is, belonging to the cohort, was an independent risk factor for reduced airway function pre-bronchodilation, OR 3.3 (1.3-8.7). Furthermore, there was an association between current bronchial hyper-responsiveness and an increased risk of reduced airway function post-bronchodilation, OR 7.3 (2.0-26.6). CONCLUSION: Reduced airway function in early adulthood was found in subjects with wheezing early in life, compared with age-matched controls. The reduction was most prominent in females with current asthma.
|
|
| 20. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on future asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 96:7, s. 1030-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To analyse the impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on asthma presence, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airway function and active smoking in early adulthood. METHODS: We have prospectively studied 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of 2 years. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested for airway function and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. RESULTS: There was a significant, independent correlation between both pre- and post-natal smoke exposure and asthma at age 17-20 years, OR 3.5 (1.1-11.3) and 3.4 (1.2-10.1), respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for current bronchial hyper-responsiveness, OR 6.6 (1.2-35.5). Pre-natal smoke exposure seemed to negatively affect small airway function in early adulthood due to structural changes. Post-natal smoke exposure was independently associated with an increased risk of current smoking, OR 7.4 (1.6-35.2). CONCLUSION: In subjects hospitalized due to early wheezing, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure increase the risk of asthma in early adulthood. The connection between pre-natal smoke exposure and asthma appears to be mediated via the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Smoke exposure in infancy is associated with an increased risk of active smoking in early adult age, which is in turn linked to current asthma.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Hunt, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Monte Carlo simulation of a mammographic test phantom
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 432-435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A test phantom, including a wide range of mammographic tissue equivalent materials and test details, was imaged on a digital mammographic system. In order to quantify the effect of scatter on the contrast obtained for the test details, calculations of the scatter-to-primary ratio (S/P) have been made using a Monte Carlo simulation of the digital mammographic imaging chain, grid and test phantom. The results show that the S/P values corresponding to the imaging conditions used were in the range 0.084-0.126. Calculated and measured pixel values in different regions of the image were compared as a validation of the model and showed excellent agreement. The results indicate the potential of Monte Carlo methods in the image quality-patient dose process optimisation, especially in the assessment of imaging conditions not available on standard mammographic units. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Joerink, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Origin and specificity of placental IgE
- 2008
-
Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY. - 0300-9475. ; 68:2, s. 230-230
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 25. |
- Kalaaji, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Glomerular apoptotic nucleosomes are central target structures for nephritogenic antibodies in human SLE nephritis
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1755 .- 0085-2538. ; 71:7, s. 664-672
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibodies to double-stranded (dsDNA) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and directly involved in human lupus nephritis. Information about their glomerular target antigens is inconsistent, and whether availability of target antigens, antibody specificity or avidity are nephritogenic parameters, is not determined. In this study, we analyzed renal tissue from anti-dsDNA antibody-positive lupus patients with nephritis by morphological and immunological assays, including immune electron microscopy (IEM) and colocalization IEM, an EM-based confocal microscopy assay. IEM demonstrated that antibody deposits were confined to electron dense structures (EDS) in glomerular membranes. These autoantibodies colocalized with nucleosome-binding anti-dsDNA/-histone/-transcription factor antibodies. To confirm the colocalization IEM-data, we developed a colocalization terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) biotin-dUTP nicked end-labeled (TUNEL) IEM assay where extracellular DNA was traced by TdT-mediated introduction of biotinylated nucleotides and autoantibodies by IEM. Results consistently demonstrated that DNA colocalized with autoantibodies in glomerular membrane-associated EDS. The colocalization IEM and colocalization TUNEL IEM assays thus demonstrate that intra-glomerular membrane-associated nucleosomes are targeted by anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in human lupus nephritis. The data provide a new approach to understand basic molecular and immunological processes accounting for antibody-mediated nephritis in human SLE.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Lillhök, J E, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanodosimetry in a clinical neutron therapy beam using the variance-covariance method and Monte Carlo simulations.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 52:16, s. 4953-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nanodosimetric single-event distributions or their mean values may contribute to a better understanding of how radiation induced biological damages are produced. They may also provide means for radiation quality characterization in therapy beams. Experimental nanodosimetry is however technically challenging and Monte Carlo simulations are valuable as a complementary tool for such investigations. The dose-mean lineal energy was determined in a therapeutic p(65)+Be neutron beam and in a Co-60 gamma. beam using low-pressure gas detectors and the variance-covariance method. The neutron beam was simulated using the condensed history Monte Carlo codes MCNPX and SHIELD-HIT. The dose-mean lineal energy was calculated using the simulated dose and fluence spectra together with published data from track-structure simulations. A comparison between simulated and measured results revealed some systematic differences and different dependencies on the simulated object size. The results show that both experimental and theoretical approaches are needed for an accurate dosimetry in the nanometer region. In line with previously reported results, the dose-mean lineal energy determined at 10 nm was shown to be related to clinical RBE values in the neutron beam and in a simulated 175 MeV proton beam as well.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Moores, B M, et al.
(författare)
-
RADIUS--closing the circle on the assessment of imaging performance.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 450-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The RADIUS (Radiological Imaging Unification Strategy) project addresses the assessment of image quality in terms of both physical and clinically relevant measures. The aim is to unify our understanding of both types of measure as well as the numerous underlying factors that play a key role in the assessments of imaging performance. In this way it is expected to provide a solid basis for the improvement in radiological safety management, where not only radiation risks are considered but also diagnostic risks of incorrect clinical outcomes (i.e. false positive/false negative). The project has applied a variety of relevant experimental and theoretical methods to this problem, which is generic to medical imaging as a whole. Digital radiography of the chest and the breast has been employed as the clinical imaging domain vehicles for the study. The project addressed the problem from the following directions: role and relevance of pathology, human observer studies including receiver operating characteristics, image quality criteria analysis, structural noise analysis, physical measurements on clinical images, physical measurements on imaging system, modelling of imaging system, modelling of visual processes, modelling of doses delivered and IT-based scientific support strategies. This paper presents an overview of the main outcomes from this project and highlights how the research outcomes actually apply to the real world. In particular, attention will be focused on new and original findings and methods and techniques that have been developed within the framework of the project. The relevance of the project's outcomes to future European research will also be presented.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- O'Byrne, Paul M, et al.
(författare)
-
Severe exacerbations and decline in lung function in asthma.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. - 1535-4970. ; 179:1, s. 19-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the association between asthma exacerbations and the decline in lung function, as well as the potential effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, on exacerbation-related decline in patients with asthma.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
