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- Almqvist, C, et al.
(författare)
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Direct and indirect exposure to pets : - risk of sensitization and asthma at 4 years in a birth cohort
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 33, s. 1190-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: There are conflicting data on the association between early exposure to pets and allergic diseases. Bias related to retrospective information on pet ownership has been addressed as a reason for distorted study results.OBJECTIVE: To elucidate how early exposure to cat and dog relates to IgE-sensitization and asthma in children at 2 and 4 years of age, in a prospective birth-cohort study.METHODS: Four thousand and eighty-nine families with children born 1994-1996 in predefined areas of Stockholm answered questionnaires on environmental factors and symptoms of allergic disease at birth, one, two and four years of age. Dust samples collected from the mothers' beds at birth were analysed for Fel d 1 and Can f 1 in a subgroup of the cohort. Blood samples taken at four years from 2614 children were analysed for allergen-specific IgE to common airborne allergens. Risk associations were calculated with a multiple logistic regression model, with adjustment for potential confounders.RESULTS: A correlation was seen between allergen levels and reported exposure to cat and dog. Exposure to cat seemed to increase the risk of cat sensitization, OR (odds ratio) 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.03-2.01), whereas dog exposure did not have any effect on dog sensitization, OR 1.16 (0.79-1.72). Dog ownership was related to a reduced risk of sensitization to other airborne allergens, OR 0.36 (0.15-0.83), and a similar tendency was seen for cat ownership OR 0.63 (0.37-1.07). Early dog ownership seemed to be associated with a lower risk of asthma, OR 0.50 (0.24-1.03), with no corresponding effect after cat ownership, OR 0.88 (0.56-1.38).CONCLUSION: Early exposure to cat seems to increase the risk of sensitization to cat but not of asthma at 4 years of age. Dog ownership, on the other hand, appears to be associated with lowered risk of sensitization to airborne allergens and asthma. Both aetiological relationships and selection effects have to be considered in the interpretation of these findings.
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| 7. |
- Almqvist, E G, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to different tests in type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 61:7, s. 557-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine whether different tests of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) reserve are influenced by diabetic state and metabolic control in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the ACTH reserve in 10 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes during periods of poor and improved metabolic control and in 10 healthy subjects. The ACTH-cortisol secretion was assessed by a diurnal profile, an intravenous corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and an insulin tolerance test (ITT). RESULTS: The diurnal profiles were similar in all groups. CRH resulted in a diminished ACTH response during poor compared with improved metabolic control (mean+/-SD) (AUC 4950+/-4227 vs. 5847+/-3788 ng/L min, p<0.05). The response in the diabetic patients during improved metabolic control was of the same magnitude as in the control subjects (5934+/-1778 ng/L x min). ITT elicited a similar ACTH and cortisol response in the diabetic patients during poor and improved metabolic control as in the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The ITT was uninfluenced by diabetic state and metabolic control and should therefore be considered the method of choice in evaluation of the ACTH reserve in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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- Almqvist, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma – en studie av kvinnor och barn som vistats på Kvinnojourer i Göteborg
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract; I Göteborg fanns när denna studie inleddes sex kvinnojourer som erbjöd tillfälligt boende för misshandlade kvinnor med eller utan barn Ett stort antal av de kvinnor som kontaktar kvinnojourerna och bor där för en tid har barn. Många av barnen är i förskoleåldern och bor tillsammans med mamman på jouren. Från flera håll (framförallt från dem som arbetade på jourerna) ställdes vid slutet av 1990-talet frågan om hur man inom ramen för verksamheten på ett bättre sätt skulle kunna uppmärksamma barnens behov och ge dem det stöd de behöver. Detta är bakgrunden till projektet ”Barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma”, som initierats och genomförts på uppdrag av Lundby stadsdelsförvaltning. Man markerade från Lundby stadsdelsförvaltning att barnperspektivet skulle vara centralt i undersökningen, samt att projektet skulle bidra till att bemötandet av barnen förbättrades i verksamheterna. Det första kapitlet beskriver kort vad vi idag känner till om barn som bevittnar att mamman misshandlas och hur de påverkas. Kapitel två beskriver hur projektet var upplagt. Kapitel tre, fyra och fem avser att ge svar på frågorna om vilka mammor och barn som bor på kvinnojourerna i Göteborg. Först beskrivs således olika bakgrundsfaktorer och, därefter vad mammorna och barnen har utsatts för som lett till att de sökt skyddat boende. De följande tre kapitlen beskriver våldets effekter på mammorna, på barnen och på barnens relationer till andra, framförallt samspelet mellan mammor och barn. Slutligen summeras erfarenheterna från studien i en diskussion och ett antal förslag till hur situationen för barn och mammor som kommer till kvinnojourerna skulle kunna förbättras, vilket besvarar frågan om barn och mammor får den hjälp de behöver genom de insatser som görs idag.
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| 9. |
- Almqvist, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Elasticity and adhesion force mapping reveals real-time clustering of growth factor receptors and associated changes in local cellular rheological properties
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 86:3, s. 1753-1762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell surface macromolecules such as receptors and ion channels serve as the interface link between the cytoplasm and the extracellular region. Their density, distribution, and clustering are key spatial features influencing effective and proper physical and biochemical cellular responses to many regulatory signals. In this study, the effect of plasma-membrane receptor clustering on local cell mechanics was obtained from maps of interaction forces between antibody-conjugated atomic force microscope tips and a specific receptor, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. The technique allows simultaneous measurement of the real-time motion of specific macromolecules and their effect on local rheological properties like elasticity. The clustering was stimulated by online additions of VEGF, or antibody against VEGF receptors. VEGF receptors are found to concentrate toward the cell boundaries and cluster rapidly after the online additions commence. Elasticity of regions under the clusters is found to change remarkably, with order-of-magnitude stiffness reductions and fluidity increases. The local stiffness reductions are nearly proportional to. receptor density and, being concentrated near the cell edges, provide a mechanism for cell growth and angiogenesis.
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- Almqvist, PM, et al.
(författare)
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Immunohistochemical detection of nestin in pediatric brain tumors
- 2002
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Ingår i: The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-1554. ; 50:2, s. 147-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nestin is an intermediate filament protein (IFP) expressed in undifferentiated cells during CNS development and in CNS tumors. Previous studies have arrived at different conclusions in terms of which types of CNS tumors express nestin. In this report we establish an immunohistochemical protocol using antigen retrieval, which significantly enhances staining with two polyclonal anti-nestin antisera, #130 and #4350. The staining pattern was identical for the two nestin antisera and very similar to that of vimentin, while glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), immunoreactivity was absent from 9.5-week-old forebrain. The current study of 20 primary CNS tumors from pediatric patients included seven ependymomas, seven primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), five pilocytic astrocytomas, and one glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). All these tumors expressed nestin to various extents, in contrast to five brain metastases tested. Strong nestin immunoreactivity was found in malignant primary CNS tumors, whereas benign pilocytic astrocytomas showed low but consistent nestin expression. In all tumors nestin immunoreactivity was confined to the cytoplasm of tumor cells and was co-expressed with astrocyte markers vimentin, GFAP, and S-100. Vascular endothelial cells of all neoplasms also showed marked immunoreactivity for nestin and vimentin, whereas they were negative for GFAP and S-100. In conclusion, antiserum #4350 detected nestin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by heat-induced antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry. Nestin was expressed in both highly malignant and low malignant gliomas, indicating the potential use of nestin as a diagnostic tumor marker in surgical pathology.
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- Rönnbäck, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Do Penaeid shrimps have a preference for Mangrove habitats? : Distribution pattern analysis on Inhaca island, Mozambique
- 2002
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Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - London : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 55:3, s. 427-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scientific information on how penaeid shrimps are distributed within mangrove ecosystems is scarce, which presents an obstacle for fisheries as well as mangrove management. This study investigated the prime nursery microhabitats for the two major commercial species in Mozambique—Penaeus indicus and Metapenaeus monoceros. Stake net enclosures were used to sample shrimps living among unvegetated shallows and mangroves at Inhaca Island, Mozambique, during three consecutive spring tide periods. Four microhabitats were sampled: (1) sand flat; (2) fringe Avicennia marina on sandy substrate; (3) fringe A. marina on muddy substrate; and (4) interior A. marina adjacent to the supratidal terrestrial margin. P. indicus had a significant preference for fringe mangroves over the adjacent sand flat (P<0·001 and P=0·05). Postlarval shrimps only occupied the sand flat, whereas the mangrove was utilized by postlarval, juvenile and sub-adult life stages. Within the fringe mangrove, there was no correlation between shrimp abundance and organic content of sediment (5·7–11·6 shrimps m−2). Shrimps utilized the most interior margin of the mangroves (0·35 shrimps m−2), although catch rates were significantly lower than in the mangrove fringe (P<0·001). M. monoceros was significantly (P<0·01), more abundant in the sand flat (0·44–2·1 shrimps m−2) than in the mangrove fringe (0·04–0·61 shrimps m−2), although this habitat preference was not evident for juvenile and sub-adult life stages. The results demonstrate the extensive use of mangrove habitats by penaeid shrimps. The confinement to mangroves for P. indicus, but not for M. monoceros, is discussed in the context of habitat characteristics and predation avoidance behaviour. Methodological considerations of the stake net technique are also outlined.
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