SwePub - search: WFRF:(Andersen Christian)

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1.	Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, et al. (author) Tuberculosis burden in an urban population: a cross sectional tuberculosis survey from Guinea Bissau 2010 In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 10 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Little is known about the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in low income countries. We conducted a cross sectional survey for pulmonary TB and TB symptoms in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, in an urban cohort with known HIV prevalence. TB surveillance in the area is routinely based on passive case finding. Methods: Two cohorts were selected based on a previous HIV survey, but only 52.5% of those enrolled in the adult cohort had participated in the HIV survey. One cohort included all adults living in 384 randomly selected houses; in this cohort 8% (135/1687) were HIV infected. The other included individuals 50 years or older from all other houses in the study area; of these 11% (62/571) were HIV infected. Symptom screening was done through household visits using a standardised questionnaire. TB suspects were investigated with sputum smear microscopy and X-ray. Results: In the adult cohort, we found 4 cases among 2989 individuals screened, giving a total TB prevalence of 134/100,000 (95% CI 36-342/100,000). In the >50 years cohort, we found 4 cases among 571 individuals screened, giving a total prevalence of 701/100,000 (191-1784/100.000). Two of the eight detected TB cases were unknown by the TB program. Of the total TB cases five were HIV uninfected while three had unknown HIV status. The prevalence of TB symptoms was 2.1% (63/2989) and 10.3% (59/571) in the two cohorts respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion we found a moderately high prevalence of pulmonary TB and TB symptoms in the general population, higher among elderly individuals. By active case finding unknown cases were detected. Better awareness of TB and its symptoms needs to be promoted in low income settings.
2.	Schunkert, Heribert, et al. (author) Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease 2011 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:4, s. 153-333 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We performed a meta-analysis of 14 genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising 22,233 individuals with CAD (cases) and 64,762 controls of European descent followed by genotyping of top association signals in 56,682 additional individuals. This analysis identified 13 loci newly associated with CAD at P < 5 x 10(-8) and confirmed the association of 10 of 12 previously reported CAD loci. The 13 new loci showed risk allele frequencies ranging from 0.13 to 0.91 and were associated with a 6% to 17% increase in the risk of CAD per allele. Notably, only three of the new loci showed significant association with traditional CAD risk factors and the majority lie in gene regions not previously implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. Finally, five of the new CAD risk loci appear to have pleiotropic effects, showing strong association with various other human diseases or traits.
3.	Akimoto, Chizuru, et al. (author) A blinded international study on the reliability of genetic testing for GGGGCC-repeat expansions in C9orf72 reveals marked differences in results among 14 laboratories 2014 In: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 51:6, s. 419-424 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background The GGGGCC-repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most frequent mutation found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Most of the studies on C9orf72 have relied on repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR) methods for detection of the expansions. To investigate the inherent limitations of this technique, we compared methods and results of 14 laboratories. Methods The 14 laboratories genotyped DNA from 78 individuals (diagnosed with ALS or FTD) in a blinded fashion. Eleven laboratories used a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR, whereas three laboratories used RP-PCR alone; Southern blotting techniques were used as a reference. Results Using PCR-based techniques, 5 of the 14 laboratories got results in full accordance with the Southern blotting results. Only 50 of the 78 DNA samples got the same genotype result in all 14 laboratories. There was a high degree of false positive and false negative results, and at least one sample could not be genotyped at all in 9 of the 14 laboratories. The mean sensitivity of a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR was 95.0% (73.9-100%), and the mean specificity was 98.0% (87.5-100%). Overall, a sensitivity and specificity of more than 95% was observed in only seven laboratories. Conclusions Because of the wide range seen in genotyping results, we recommend using a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR as a minimum in a research setting. We propose that Southern blotting techniques should be the gold standard, and be made obligatory in a clinical diagnostic setting.
4.	Alayash, Abdu I., et al. (author) Haptoglobin: the hemoglobin detoxifier in plasma 2013 In: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799. ; 31:1, s. 2-3 Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract Hemoglobin (Hb) is one of the most studied proteins. However, oxidative toxicity associated with free Hb in circulation and its contribution to inflammation and complications of transfusion have only recently become active areas of research. New insights into the protective mechanisms of haptoglobin (Hp), a plasma protein, and a timely resolution of the crystal structure of the Hb-Hp complex made it possible to definitively link the functional and structural interplay between the two proteins. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the interactions between Hb and Hp under oxidative stress conditions, and how Hb's own damaging radicals are harnessed by complex formation. Potential therapeutic benefits of using Hp for inactivation and clearance of free Hb under a number of clinical settings are considered.
5.	Andersen, Andreas, et al. (author) The immunological effect of revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine at 19 months of age 2013 In: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2518 .- 0264-410X. ; 31:17, s. 2137-2144 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has important non-specific immune effects. In a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau, BCG revaccination was associated with significantly increased survival in children who received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-booster vaccine before enrolment and in children who did not receive micronutrient supplementation (MN). Within the trial we assessed the immunological effects of BCG revaccination. Methods: Children were randomized to BCG or nothing. Blood was sampled 6-11 weeks after randomization (early sample group) or 5-9 months later (late sample group). In vitro cytokine responses (interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-13, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-10) were assessed in whole blood cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), purified protein derivative (PPD) or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Effect-modification by sex, DTP-booster vaccination and MN was studied. Results: Cytokines were measured in 345 infants. BCG was associated with significantly increased IFN-gamma (geometric mean ratio (GMR) = 4.54 (95% confidence interval: 3.13-6.58)) and IL-13 (GMR = 1.43 (1.00-2.05)) PPD responses, the effect being strongest in the early sample group. Across all three conditions BCG tended to increase IL-10 (LPS, PHA, PPD: GMR = 1.20, 1.12, 1.20), most pronounced in the late sample group. BCG reduced the TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio in boys with DTP-booster at bleeding and increased it in those without (interaction test: p = 0.03). In children without MN, BCG was associated with reduced TNF-alpha response in the early sample group (p = 0.006), and increased IL-10 in the late sample group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: BCG revaccination resulted in a strong IFN-gamma response to PPD, which waned slightly over time. BCG also affected the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance, with reduced TNF-alpha and increased IL-10 responses to LPS, PHA and PPD. This effect depended on sex, DTP-booster vaccination and micronutrient supplementation, being most pronounced in children who had received DTP-booster before enrolment and children who had not received MN, i.e. the group of children which also had lower mortality after BCG revaccination. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
6.	Andersén, Jim, 1976-, et al. (author) A model for measuring resource immobility 2014 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
7.	Andersen, Ken, et al. (author) B-10 multi-grid proportional gas counters for large area thermal neutron detectors 2013 In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 720, s. 116-121 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract He-3 was a popular material in neutrons detectors until its availability dropped drastically in 2008. The development of techniques based on alternative convertors is now of high priority for neutron research institutes. Thin films of B-10 or (B4C)-B-10 have been used in gas proportional counters to detect neutrons, but until now, only for small or medium sensitive area. We present here the multi-grid design, introduced at the ILL and developed in collaboration with ESS for LAN (large area neutron) detectors. Typically thirty (B4C)-B-10 films of 1 mu m thickness are used to convert neutrons into ionizing particles which are subsequently detected in a proportional gas counter. The principle and the fabrication of the multi-grid are described and some preliminary results obtained with a prototype of 200 cm x 8 cm are reported; a detection efficiency of 48% has been measured at 2.5 angstrom with a monochromatic neutron beam line, showing the good potential of this new technique. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
8.	Anderzén, Ingrid, et al. (author) The importance of health care competence in vocational rehabilitation 2014 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
9.	Assimes, Themistocles L., et al. (author) Lack of Association Between the Trp719Arg Polymorphism in Kinesin-Like Protein-6 and Coronary Artery Disease in 19 Case-Control Studies 2010 In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097. ; 56:19, s. 1552-1563 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives We sought to replicate the association between the kinesin-like protein 6 (KIF6) Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455), and clinical coronary artery disease (CAD). Background Recent prospective studies suggest that carriers of the 719Arg allele in KIF6 are at increased risk of clinical CAD compared with noncarriers. Methods The KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455) was genotyped in 19 case-control studies of nonfatal CAD either as part of a genome-wide association study or in a formal attempt to replicate the initial positive reports. Results A total of 17,000 cases and 39,369 controls of European descent as well as a modest number of South Asians, African Americans, Hispanics, East Asians, and admixed cases and controls were successfully genotyped. None of the 19 studies demonstrated an increased risk of CAD in carriers of the 719Arg allele compared with noncarriers. Regression analyses and fixed-effects meta-analyses ruled out with high degree of confidence an increase of >= 2% in the risk of CAD among European 719Arg carriers. We also observed no increase in the risk of CAD among 719Arg carriers in the subset of Europeans with early-onset disease (younger than 50 years of age for men and younger than 60 years of age for women) compared with similarly aged controls as well as all non-European subgroups. Conclusions The KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism was not associated with the risk of clinical CAD in this large replication study. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1552-63) (C) 2010 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
10.	Beelen, Rob, et al. (author) Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality : an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project 2014 In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 383:9919, s. 785-795 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Few studies on long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality have been reported from Europe. Within the multicentre European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), we aimed to investigate the association between natural-cause mortality and long-term exposure to several air pollutants. Methods We used data from 22 European cohort studies, which created a total study population of 367 251 participants. All cohorts were general population samples, although some were restricted to one sex only. With a strictly standardised protocol, we assessed residential exposure to air pollutants as annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameters of less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), less than 10 mu m (PM10), and between 10 mu m and 2.5 mu m (PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance, and annual average concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx), with land use regression models. We also investigated two traffic intensity variables-traffic intensity on the nearest road (vehicles per day) and total traffic load on all major roads within a 100 m buff er. We did cohort-specific statistical analyses using confounder models with increasing adjustment for confounder variables, and Cox proportional hazards models with a common protocol. We obtained pooled effect estimates through a random-effects meta-analysis. Findings The total study population consisted of 367 251 participants who contributed 5 118 039 person-years at risk (average follow-up 13.9 years), of whom 29 076 died from a natural cause during follow-up. A significantly increased hazard ratio (HR) for PM2.5 of 1.07 (95% CI 1.02-1.13) per 5 mu g/m(3) was recorded. No heterogeneity was noted between individual cohort effect estimates (I-2 p value=0.95). HRs for PM2.5 remained significantly raised even when we included only participants exposed to pollutant concentrations lower than the European annual mean limit value of 25 mu g/m(3) (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.12) or below 20 mu g/m(3) (1.07, 1.01-1.13). Interpretation Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution was associated with natural-cause mortality, even within concentration ranges well below the present European annual mean limit value.
11.	Blasco, Helene, et al. (author) A Rare Motor Neuron Deleterious Missense Mutation in the DPYSL3 (CRMP4) Gene is Associated with ALS 2013 In: Human Mutation. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 34:7, s. 953-960 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3) or Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 4a (CRMP4a) expression is modified in neurodegeneration and is involved in several ALS-associated pathways including axonal transport, glutamate excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The objective of the study was to analyze CRMP4 as a risk factor for ALS. We analyzed the DPYSL3/CRMP4 gene in French ALS patients (n=468) and matched-controls (n=394). We subsequently examined a variant in a Swedish population (184 SALS, 186 controls), and evaluated its functional effects on axonal growth and survival in motor neuron cell culture. The rs147541241:A>G missense mutation occurred in higher frequency among French ALS patients (odds ratio=2.99) but the association was not confirmed in the Swedish population. In vitro expression of mutated DPYSL3 in motor neurons reduced axonal growth and accelerated cell death compared with wild type protein. Thus, the association between the rs147541241 variant and ALS was limited to the French population, highlighting the geographic particularities of genetic influences (risks, contributors). The identified variant appears to shorten motor neuron survival through a detrimental effect on axonal growth and CRMP4 could act as a key unifier in transduction pathways leading to neurodegeneration through effects on early axon development.
12.	Brooks, Samantha Jane, et al. (author) A debate on current eating disorder diagnoses in light of neurobiological findings : is it time for a spectrum model? 2012 In: BMC Psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 12, s. 76- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Sixty percent of eating disorders do not meet criteria for anorexia- or bulimia nervosa, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version 4 (DSM-IV). Instead they are diagnosed as 'eating disorders not otherwise specified' (EDNOS). Discrepancies between criteria and clinical reality currently hampering eating disorder diagnoses in the DSM-IV will be addressed by the forthcoming DSM-V. However, future diagnoses for eating disorders will rely on current advances in the fields of neuroimaging and genetics for classification of symptoms that will ultimately improve treatment. Discussion: Here we debate the classification issues, and discuss how brain imaging and genetic discoveries might be interwoven into a model of eating disorders to provide better classification and treatment. The debate concerns: a) current issues in the classification of eating disorders in the DSM-IV, b) changes proposed for DSM-V, c) neuroimaging eating disorder research and d) genetic eating disorder research. Summary: We outline a novel evidence-based 'impulse control' spectrum model of eating disorders. A model of eating disorders is proposed that will aid future diagnosis of symptoms, coinciding with contemporary suggestions by clinicians and the proposed changes due to be published in the DSM-V.
13.	Cheng, Haynes P. H., et al. (author) Autofluorescence of pigmented skin lesions using a pulsed UV laser 2010 In: Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. ; 7715, s. 1-77151 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract We report preliminary clinical results of autofluorescence imaging of malignant and benign skin lesions, using pulsed 355 nm laser excitation with synchronized detection. The novel synchronized detection system allows high signal-tonoise ratio to be achieved in the resulting autofluorescence signal, which may in turn produce high contrast images that improve diagnosis, even in the presence of ambient room light. The synchronized set-up utilizes a compact, diode pumped, pulsed UV laser at 355 nm which is coupled to a CCD camera and a liquid crystal tunable filter. The excitation and image capture is sampled at 5 kHz and the resulting autofluorescence is captured with the liquid crystal filter cycling through seven wavelengths between 420 nm and 580 nm. The clinical study targets pigmented skin lesions and evaluates the prospects of using autofluorescence as a possible means in differentiating malignant and benign skin tumors. Up to now, sixteen patients have participated in the clinical study. The autofluorescence images, averaged over the exposure time of one second, will be presented along with histopathological results. Initial survey of the images show good contrast and diagnostic results show promising agreement based on the histopathological results.
14.	Corcia, Philippe, et al. (author) Homozygous SMN2 deletion is a protective factor in the Swedish ALS population 2012 In: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 20:5, s. 588-591 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Abnormal survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1)-copy number has been associated with an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in French and Dutch population studies. The aim of this study was to determine whether SMN gene copy number increases the risk of ALS or modulates its phenotype in a cohort of Swedish sporadic ALS (SALS) patients. In all, 502 Swedes with SALS and 502 Swedish controls matched for gender and age were enrolled. SMN1 and SMN2 gene copy numbers were studied by a semi-quantitative PCR method. A genotype-phenotype comparison was performed in order to determine whether SMN genes modulate the phenotype of ALS. The results were also compared with our previously reported French cohort of ALS patients. There was no difference between Swedish patients and controls in the frequency of SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers. The frequency of SMN1 gene copies differed significantly between the French and Swedish ALS populations. The duration of the disease was significantly longer in the Swedish cohort with homozygous deletions of SMN2 when compared with the French cohort. Abnormal SMN1 gene copy number cannot be considered as a universal genetic susceptibility factor for SALS and this result underlines the importance of reproducing association gene studies in groups from different origins. We also suggest that SMN2 gene copy number might have different effects on ALS progression in disparate human populations. European Journal of Human Genetics (2012) 20, 588-591; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.255; published online 25 January 2012
15.	Craggs, Lucinda, et al. (author) Quantitative vascular pathology and phenotyping familial and sporadic cerebral small vessel diseases 2013 In: Brain Pathology. - : Wiley. - 1015-6305 .- 1750-3639. ; 23:5, s. 547-557 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We quantified vascular changes in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia of four inherited small vessel diseases (SVDs) including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy (PADMAL), hereditary multi-infarct dementia of Swedish type (Swedish hMID), and hereditary endotheliopathy with retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke (HERNS). Vascular pathology was most severe in CADASIL, and varied with marginally greater severity in the basal ganglia compared to the frontal lobe. The overall sclerotic index values in frontal lobe were in the order CADASIL≥HERNS>PADMAL>Swedish hMID>sporadic SVD, and in basal ganglia CADASIL>HERNS>Swedish hMID>PADMAL> sporadic SVD. The subcortical white matter was almost always more affected than any gray matter. We observed glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) protein immunoreactivities were most affected in the white matter indicating capillary degeneration whereas collagen IV (COL4) immunostaining was increased in PADMAL cases in all regions and tissue types. Overall, GLUT-1:COL4 ratios were higher in the basal ganglia indicating modifications in capillary density compared to the frontal lobe. Our study shows that the extent of microvascular degeneration varies in these genetic disorders exhibiting common end-stage pathologies but is the most aggressive in CADASIL.
16.	Dehlendorff, Christian, et al. (author) Analysis of computer experiments with multiple noise sources 2010 In: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 0748-8017 .- 1099-1638. ; 26:2, s. 137-146 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper we present a modeling framework for analyzing computermodels with two types of variations. The paper is based on a case study of an orthopedic surgical unit, which has both controllable and uncontrollable factors. Our results show that this structure of variation can be modeled effectively with linear mixed effects models and generalized additive models
17.	Dehlendorff, Christian, et al. (author) Conditional Value at Risk as a Measure for Waiting Time in Simulations of Hospital Units 2010 In: Quality Technology & Quantitative Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1684-3703 .- 1811-4857. ; 7:3, s. 321-336 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The utility of conditional value at risk (CVaR) of a sample of waiting times as a measure for reducing long waiting times is evaluated with special focus on patient waiting times in a hospital. CVaR is the average of the longest waiting times, i.e., a measure at the tail of the waiting time distribution. The presented results are based on a discrete event simulation (DES) model of an orthopedic surgical unit at a university hospital in Denmark. Our analysis shows that CVaR offers a highly reliable performance measure. The measure targets the longest waiting times and these are generally accepted to be the most problematic from the points of view of both the patients and the management. Moreover, CVaR can be seen as a compromise between the well known measures: average waiting time and the maximum waiting time
18.	Dehlendorff, Christian, et al. (author) Designing simulation experiments with controllable and uncontrollable factors for applications in healthcare 2011 In: The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9254 .- 1467-9876. ; 60:1, s. 31-49 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We propose a new methodology for designing computer experiments that was inspired by the split-plot designs that are often used in physical experimentation. The methodology has been developed for a simulation model of a surgical unit in a Danish hospital. We classify the factors as controllable and uncontrollable on the basis of their characteristics in the physical system. The experiments are designed so that, for a given setting of the controllable factors, the various settings of the uncontrollable factors cover the design space uniformly. Moreover the methodology allows for overall uniform coverage in the combined design when all settings of the uncontrollable factors are considered at once
19.	Dencker, Magnus, et al. (author) Aerobic fitness related to cardiovascular risk factors in young children. 2012 In: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1076 .- 0340-6199. ; 171:4, s. 705-710 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Low aerobic fitness (maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK))) is predictive for poor health in adults. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed if VO(2PEAK) is related to a composite risk factor score for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 243 children (136 boys and 107 girls) aged 8 to 11 years. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled by body mass (milliliters per minute per kilogram). Total body fat mass (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body fat was expressed as a percentage of total body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SDP and DBP) and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. The mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Echocardiography, 2D-guided M-mode, was performed. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z scores (value for the individual - mean value for group)/SD were calculated by sex. The sum of z scores for DBP, SDP, PP, MAP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, BF%, AFM and AFM/TBF were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score for CVD. Pearson correlation revealed significant associations between VO(2PEAK) and composite risk factor score in both boys (r = -0.48 P < 0.05) and in girls (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). One-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences in composite risk factor score between the different quartiles of VO(2PEAK) (P < 0.001); thus, higher VO(2PEAK) was associated with lower composite risk factor score for CVD. In conclusion, low VO(2PEAK) is associated with an elevated composite risk factor score for CVD in both young boys and girls.
20.	Dencker, Magnus, et al. (author) Body Fat, Abdominal Fat, and Body Fat Distribution Is Related to Left Atrial Diameter in Young Children. 2012 In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20, s. 1104-1108 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In adults, the size of the left atria (LA) has important prognostic information. In obese adults, adolescents and children enlargement of LA have been observed. This has not been investigated on a population-based level in young children. We therefore assessed if total body fat mass (TBF), abdominal fat, and body fat distribution were related to LA diameter. Cross-sectional study of 244 children (boys = 137 and girls n = 107) aged 8-11 years, recruited from an urban population-based cohort. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total lean body mass, TBF, and abdominal fat mass (AFM). Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution (AFM/TBF) was calculated. Echocardiography was performed with two-dimensional guided M-mode. LA diameter was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured and maturity assessed according to Tanner. There were significant (P < 0.05) univariate correlations for all children between TBF (r = 0.40), BF% (r = 0.32), AFM (r = 0.41), and AFM/TBF (r = 0.41) vs. LA diameter. Multiple regression analyses with the inclusion of possible confounders such as lean body mass, blood pressure, gender, age, and Tanner stage revealed that TBF, AFM, and AFM/TBF were all independently related to LA diameter. Differences in the different body fat measurements explained 6-9% of the variance in LA size. These results demonstrated that both total body fat, AFM, and body fat distribution are already at a young age negatively and independently associated to LA diameter.
21.	Dencker, Magnus, et al. (author) Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to cardiovascular risk factors in pre-pubertal children. 2012 In: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 101:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim We analysed whether total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution are associated with higher composite risk factor scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young children. Methods Cross-sectional study of 238 children aged 8-11 years. Total body fat (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by DXA. TBF was expressed as a percentage of body weight (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK) ), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. Mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z-scores were calculated. Sum of z-scores for SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, and -VO(2PEAK) were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score. Results Pearson correlations between ln BF%, ln AFM and AFM/TBF versus composite risk factor score for boys were r=0.56, r=0.59, and r=0.48, all P<0.001, and for girls r=0.45, r=0.50, and r=0.48, all P<0.001. Conclusion Total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution were all associated with higher composite risk factor scores for CVD in young children. © 2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica © 2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.
22.	Dencker, Magnus, et al. (author) Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to VO(2PEAK) in young children. 2011 In: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174 .- 1747-7166. ; 6:2-2, s. 597-602 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Abstract Objective. Aerobic fitness, defined as maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK)), and body fat measurements represent two known risk factors for disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between VO(2PEAK) and body fat measurements in young children at a population-based level. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 225 children (128 boys and 97 girls) aged 8-11 years, recruited from a population-based cohort. Total lean body mass (LBM), total fat mass (TBF), and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during maximal exercise test. Results. Significant relationships existed between body fat measurements and VO(2PEAK) in both boys and girls, with Pearson correlation coefficients for absolute values of VO(2PEAK) (0.22-0.36, P< 0.05), and for VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass (-0.38 - -0.70, P<0.05). No relationships were detected for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM (-0.17-0.04, all not significant). Boys and girls in the lowest quartile according to body fat measurements had higher absolute values of VO(2PEAK) and lower values of VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass, compared with those in the highest quartile. No differences were found for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM. Conclusions. Our findings document the coexistence of two known risk factors for disease at a young age and confirms that VO(2PEAK) was scaled to LBM may be a better, body fat independent way of expressing fitness.
23.	Dencker, Magnus, et al. (author) BODY FAT RELATED TO RISK FACTORS FOR CVD IN YOUNGER CHILDREN 2010 In: Atherosclerosis Supplements. - 1567-5688. ; 11:2, s. 191-191 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
24.	Friis Møller, Eva, et al. (author) Production and fate of copepod fecal pellets acrossthe Southern Indian Ocean 2011 In: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 158:3, s. 677-688 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The vertical distribution of copepods, fecal pellets and the fecal pellet production of copepods were measured at seven stations across the Southern Indian Ocean from productive areas off South Africa to oligotrophic waters off Northern Australia during October/November 2006. We quantified export of copepod fecal pellet from surface waters and how much was retained. Furthermore, the potential impact of Oncaea spp. and harpacticoid copepods on fecal pellets degradation was evaluated and found to be regional substantial. The highest copepod abundance and fecal pellet production was found in the western nutrient-rich stations close to South Africa and the lowest at the central oligotrophic stations. The in situ copepod fecal pellet production varied between 1 and 1,000 mu g C m(-3) day(-1). At all stations, the retention of fecal pellets in the upper 400 m of the water column was more than 99% and the vertical export of fecal pellets was low (< 0.02 mg m(-2) day(-1)).
25.	Geisler, Christian H., et al. (author) Nordic MCL2 trial update : six-year follow-up after intensive immunochemotherapy for untreated mantle cell lymphoma followed by BEAM or BEAC plus autologous stem-cell support: still very long survival but late relapses do occur 2012 In: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 158:3, s. 355-362 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogenic non-Hodgkin lymphoma entity, with a median survival of about 5 years. In 2008 we reported the early based on the median observation time of 4 years results of the Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL2 study of frontline intensive induction immunochemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), with more than 60% event-free survival at 5 years, and no subsequent relapses reported. Here we present an update after a median observation time of 6.5 years. The overall results are still excellent, with median overall survival and response duration longer than 10 years, and a median event-free survival of 7.4 years. However, six patients have now progressed later than 5 years after end of treatment. The international MCL Prognostic Index (MIPI) and Ki-67-expression were the only independent prognostic factors. Subdivided by the MIPI-Biological Index (MIPI + Ki-67, MIPI-B), more than 70% of patients with low-intermediate MIPI-B were alive at 10 years, but only 23% of the patients with high MIPI-B. These results, although highly encouraging regarding the majority of the patients, underline the need of a risk-adapted treatment strategy for MCL.
26.	Gimsing, Peter, et al. (author) Effect of pamidronate 30 mg versus 90 mg on physical function in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Nordic Myeloma Study Group): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial 2010 In: LANCET ONCOLOGY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 11:10, s. 973-982 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Compared with placebo, prophylactic treatment with bisphosphonates reduces risk of skeletal events in patients with multiple myeloma. However, because of toxicity associated with long-term bisphosphonate treatment, establishing the lowest effective dose is important. This study compared the effect of two doses of pamidronate on health-related quality of life and skeletal morbidity in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Methods This double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial was undertaken at 37 clinics in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Patients with multiple myeloma who were starting antimyeloma treatment were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one of two doses of pamidronate (30 mg or 90 mg) given by intravenous infusion once a month for at least 3 years. Randomisation was done by use of a central, computerised minimisation system. Primary outcome was physical function after 12 months estimated by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire (scale 0-100). All patients who returned questionnaires at 12 months and were still on study treatment were included in the analysis of the primary endpoint. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT00376883. Findings From January, 2001, until August, 2005, 504 patients were randomly assigned to pamidronate 30 mg or 90 mg (252 in each group). 157 patients in the 90 mg group and 156 in the 30 mg group were included in the primary analysis. Mean physical function at 12 months was 66 points (95% CI 62.9-70.0) in the 90 mg group and 68 points (64.6-71.4) in the 30 mg group (95% CI of difference -6.6 to 3.3; p=0.52). Median time to first skeletal-related event in patients who had such an event was 9.2 months (8.1-10.7) in the 90 mg group and 10-2 months (7.3-14.0) in the 30 mg group (p=0.63). In a retrospective analysis, eight patients in the pamidronate 90 mg group developed osteonecrosis of the jaw compared with two patients in the 30 mg group. Interpretation Monthly infusion of pamidronate 30 mg should be the recommended dose for prevention of bone disease in patients with multiple myeloma.
27.	Gomes, Victor F., et al. (author) Impact of tuberculosis exposure at home on mortality in children under 5 years of age in Guinea-Bissau 2011 In: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 1468-3296 .- 0040-6376. ; 66:2, s. 163-167 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective To assess mortality related to exposure to tuberculosis (TB) at home among children in urban areas of Guinea-Bissau. Methods In four suburban areas included in the demographic surveillance system of the Bandim Health Project in Bissau, the mortality of children aged <5 years living with an adult with TB was compared with the mortality of children in the general population. Results Children <5 years of age exposed to an adult with intrathoracic TB had 66% higher mortality than unexposed children (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3). The risk was higher for children living in the same family as a TB case (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.7) than for children living in the same house but not belonging to the same family as the TB case (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2). For children whose mother had TB, mortality was increased eightfold (HR 7.82, 95% CI 2.1 to 30). The risk of death was particularly increased from 6 months following exposure (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.2) and the highest rate of excess mortality was found in children aged 3-4 years. Excess mortality was highest among children with close contact with an adult with sputum-positive pulmonary TB (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.2), but contact with a sputum-negative case was also associated with increased mortality (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.3). Adjusting for potential confounding factors did not change these results. The mortality among children living in the same houses 3 years earlier was not increased (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.3). Conclusion Intimate family contact with a TB case represents a significant risk factor for child mortality in a low-income country.
28.	Heuschele, Jan, et al. (author) Non-consumptive effects of predator presence on copepod reproduction : insights from a mesocosm experiment 2014 In: Marine Biology. - : Springer. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 161:7, s. 1653-1666 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Reproduction in planktonic animals depends on numerous biotic and abiotic factors. One of them is predation pressure, which can have both direct consumptive effects on population density and sex ratio, and non-consumptive effects, for example on mating and migration behaviour. In copepods, predator vulnerability depends on their sex, motility pattern and mating behaviour. Therefore, copepods can be affected at multiple stages during the mating process. We investigated the reproductive dynamics of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis in the presence and absence of its predator the mysid Neomysis integer in a mesocosm experiment. We found that the proportion of ovigerous females decreased in the presence of predators. This shift was not caused by differential predation as the absolute number of females was unaffected by mysid presence. Presence of predators reduced the ratio of males to non-ovigerous females, but not by predation of males. Our combined results suggest that the shift from ovigerous to non-ovigerous females under the presence of predators was caused by either actively delayed egg production or by shedding of egg sacs. Nauplii production was initially suppressed in the predation treatment, but increased towards the end of the experiment. The proportion of fertilized females was similar in both treatments, but constantly fell behind model predictions using a random mating model. Our results highlight the importance of non-consumptive effects of predators on copepod reproduction and hence on population dynamics.
29.	Höglund, Carina, et al. (author) B4C thin films for neutron detection 2012 In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 111:10 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Due to the very limited availability of He-3, new kinds of neutron detectors, not based on 3He, are urgently needed. Here, we present a method to produce thin films of (B4C)-B-10, with maximized detection efficiency, intended to be part of a new generation of large area neutron detectors. B4C thin Films have been deposited onto Al-blade and Si wafer substrates by dc magnetron sputtering from (B4C)-B-nat and (B4C)-B-10 targets in an Ar discharge, using an industrial deposition system. The films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, x-ray reflectivity, and neutron radiography. We show that the film-substrate adhesion and film purity are improved by increased substrate temperature and deposition rate. A deposition rate of 3.8 angstrom/s and substrate temperature of 400 degrees C result in films with a density close to bulk values and good adhesion to film thickness above 3 mu m. Boron-10 contents of almost 80 at. % are obtained in 6.3 m(2) of 1 mu m thick (B4C)-B-10 thin films coated on Al-blades. Initial neutron absorption measurements agree with Monte Carlo simulations and show that the layer thickness, number of layers, neutron wavelength, and amount of impurities are determining factors. The study also shows the importance of having uniform layer thicknesses over large areas, which for a full-scale detector could be in total similar to 1000 m(2) of two-side coated Al-blades with similar to 1 mu m thick (B4C)-B-10 films.
30.	Jensen, Pernille Linnert, et al. (author) Proteomic Analysis of Human Blastocoel Fluid and Blastocyst Cells 2013 In: Stem Cells and Development. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1547-3287 .- 1557-8534. ; 22:7, s. 1126-1135 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst and can differentiate into any cell type in the human body. These cells hold a great potential for regenerative medicine, but in order to obtain enough cells needed for medical treatment, culture is required on a large scale. In the undifferentiated state, hESCs appear to possess an unlimited potential for proliferation but optimal, defined and safe culture conditions remains a challenge. The aim of the present study was to identify proteins in the natural environment of undifferentiated hESCs, namely the blastocoel fluid, which is in contact with all the cells in the blastocyst, including hESCs. Fifty-three surplus human blastocysts were donated after informed consent and blastocoel fluid was isolated by micromanipulation. Using highly sensitive nano high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, 286 proteins were identified in the blastocoel fluid and 1307 proteins in the corresponding cells of the blastocyst. Forty-two were previously uncharacterized proteins - eight of these originated from the blastocoel fluid. Furthermore, several heat shock proteins (Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsc70 and Hsp90) were identified in blastocoel fluid together with zona pellucida proteins (ZP2-4), Vitamin D binding protein and Retinol binding protein. Proteins that regulate ciliary assembly and function were also identified, including Bardet-biedl syndrome protein 7. This study has identified numerous proteins which cells from the ICM of the human blastocyst are exposed to via the blastocoel fluid. These results can be an inspiration for the development of improved culture conditions for hESCs.
31.	Jonasdottir, Sigrun Huld, et al. (author) Biological oceanography across the Southern Indian Ocean - basin scale trends in the zooplankton community 2013 In: Deep Sea Research Part I. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0637 .- 1879-0119. ; 75, s. 16-27 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present a study on the protozooplankton > 5 mu m and copepods larger than 50 mu m at a series of contrasting stations across the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO). Numerically, over 80% of the copepod community across the transect was less than 650 mu m in size, dominated by nauplii, and smaller copepods, while 80% of the biomass (as mg C m(-3)) was larger than 1300 mu m in body length. Predation by the carnivorous copepod Corycaeus sp. was estimated to be able to remove up to 2% d(-1) of the copepods < 1000 mu m in size. By the help of grazing models we estimated that primary producers were mainly grazed upon by ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates (40-80% d(-1) combined) in temperate waters but appendicularians became increasingly important in the tropical waters grazing about 40% of the biomass per day. Despite their high abundance and biomass, copepods contributed less than 20% of the grazing at most stations. Secondary production was low (carbon specific egg production < 0.14 d(-1)) but typical for food limited oligotrophic oceans.
32.	Kothe, Christian, et al. (author) Experimental determination of the degree of polarization of quantum states 2013 In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 87:4, s. 043814- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We demonstrate experimental excitation-manifold-resolved polarization characterization of quantum states of light ranging from the few-photon to the many-photon level. In contrast to the traditional characterization of polarization that is based on the Stokes parameters, we experimentally determine the Stokes vector of each excitation manifold separately. Only for states with a given photon number do the methods coincide. For states with an indeterminate photon number, for example Gaussian states, the employed method gives a richer and more accurate description. We apply the method both in theory and in experiment to some common states to demonstrate its advantages.
33.	Lyzell, Christian, et al. (author) A Convex Relaxation of a Dimension Reduction Problem Using the Nuclear Norm 2012 In: Proceedings of the 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - 9781467320641 - 9781467320658 ; , s. 2852-2857 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The estimation of nonlinear models can be a challenging problem, in particular when the number of available data points is small or when the dimension of the regressor space is high. To meet these challenges, several dimension reduction methods have been proposed in the literature, where a majority of the methods are based on the framework of inverse regression. This allows for the use of standard tools when analyzing the statistical properties of an approach and often enables computationally efficient implementations. The main limitation of the inverse regression approach to dimension reduction is the dependence on a design criterion which restricts the possible distributions of the regressors. This limitation can be avoided by using a forward approach, which will be the topic of this paper. One drawback with the forward approach to dimension reduction is the need to solve nonconvex optimization problems. In this paper, a reformulation of a well established dimension reduction method is presented, which reveals the structure of the optimization problem, and a convex relaxation is derived.
34.	Moscatelli, Ilana, et al. (author) Lentiviral gene transfer of TCIRG1 into peripheral blood CD34(+) cells restores osteoclast function in infantile malignant osteopetrosis. 2013 In: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2763 .- 8756-3282. ; 57:1, s. 1-9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is a rare, lethal, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by non-functional osteoclasts. More than 50% of the patients have mutations in the TCIRG1 gene, encoding for a subunit of the osteoclast proton pump. The aim of this study was to restore the resorptive function of IMO osteoclasts by lentiviral mediated gene transfer of the TCIRG1 cDNA. CD34(+) cells from peripheral blood of five IMO patients and from normal cord blood were transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing TCIRG1 and GFP under a SFFV promoter, expanded in culture and differentiated on bone slices to mature osteoclasts. qPCR analysis and western blot revealed increased mRNA and protein levels of TCIRG1, comparable to controls. Vector corrected IMO osteoclasts generated increased release of Ca(2+) and bone degradation product CTX-I into the media as well as increased formation of resorption pits in the bone slices, while non-corrected IMO osteoclasts failed to resorb bone. Resorption was approximately 70-80% of that of osteoclasts generated from cord blood. Furthermore, transduced CD34(+) cells successfully engrafted in NSG-mice. In conclusion we provide the first evidence of lentiviral-mediated correction of a human genetic disease affecting the osteoclastic lineage.
35.	Nielsen, Glen, et al. (author) Health promotion : The impact of beliefs of health benefits, social relations and enjoyment on exercise continuation 2014 In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 24:Suppl. 1, s. 66-75 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this study was to explore how and why participants in structured exercise intervention programs continue or stop exercising after the program is finished. We conducted four focus group interviews with four groups of middle-aged and elderly men (total n=28) who had participated in exercise interventions involving playing either a team sport (football) or a more individually focused activity (spinning and crossfit). Our results show that different social, organizational and material structures inherent in the different activities shape the subjects' enjoyment of exercise participation, as well as their intention and ability to continue being active. In conclusion, team sport activities seem to be intrinsically motivating to the participants through positive social interaction and play. They are therefore more likely to result in exercise continuation than activities that rely primarily on extrinsic motivation such as the expectation of improved health and well-being. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
36.	Ostergaard, Henrik, et al. (author) Prolonged half-life and preserved enzymatic properties of factor IX selectively PEGylated on native N-glycans in the activation peptide 2011 In: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 118:8, s. 2333-2341 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Current management of hemophilia B entails multiple weekly infusions of factor IX (FIX) to prevent bleeding episodes. In an attempt to make a longer acting recombinant FIX (rFIX), we have explored a new releasable protraction concept using the native N-glycans in the activation peptide as sites for attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Release of the activation peptide by physiologic activators converted glycoPEGylated rFIX (N9-GP) to native rFIXa and proceeded with normal kinetics for FXIa, while the Km for activation by FVIIa-tissue factor (TF) was increased by 2-fold. Consistent with minimal perturbation of rFIX by the attached PEG, N9-GP retained 73%-100% specific activity in plasma and whole-blood-based assays and showed efficacy comparable with rFIX in stopping acute bleeds in hemophilia B mice. In animal models N9-GP exhibited up to 2-fold increased in vivo recovery and a markedly prolonged half-life in mini-pig (76 hours) and hemophilia B dog (113 hours) compared with rFIX (16 hours). The extended circulation time of N9-GP was reflected in prolonged correction of coagulation parameters in hemophilia B dog and duration of effect in hemophilia B mice. Collectively, these results suggest that N9-GP has the potential to offer efficacious prophylactic and acute treatment of hemophilia B patients at a reduced dosing frequency. (Blood. 2011; 118(8): 2333-2341)
37.	Parducci, Laura, et al. (author) Glacial Survival of Boreal Trees in Northern Scandinavia 2012 In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 335:6072, s. 1083-1086 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract It is commonly believed that trees were absent in Scandinavia during the last glaciation and first recolonized the Scandinavian Peninsula with the retreat of its ice sheet some 9000 years ago. Here, we show the presence of a rare mitochondrial DNA haplotype of spruce that appears unique to Scandinavia and with its highest frequency to the west-an area believed to sustain ice-free refugia during most of the last ice age. We further show the survival of DNA from this haplotype in lake sediments and pollen of Trondelag in central Norway dating back similar to 10,300 years and chloroplast DNA of pine and spruce in lake sediments adjacent to the ice-free Andoya refugium in northwestern Norway as early as similar to 22,000 and 17,700 years ago, respectively. Our findings imply that conifer trees survived in ice-free refugia of Scandinavia during the last glaciation, challenging current views on survival and spread of trees as a response to climate changes.
38.	Pritz, Christian Oliver, et al. (author) Nanomedicine strategies for drug delivery to the ear 2013 In: Nanomedicine. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 8:7, s. 1155-1172 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract The highly compartmentalized anatomy of the ear aggravates drug delivery, which is used to combat hearing-related diseases. Novel nanosized drug vehicles are thought to overcome the limitations of classic approaches. In this article, we summarize the nanotechnology-based efforts involving nano-objects, such as liposomes, polymersomes, lipidic nanocapsules and poly( lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, as well as nanocoatings of implants to provide an efficient means for drug transfer in the ear. Modern strategies do not only enhance drug delivery efficiency, in the inner ear these vector systems also aim for specific uptake into hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. These novel peptide-mediated strategies for specific delivery are reviewed in this article. Finally, the biosafety of these vector systems is still an outstanding issue, since long-term application to the ear has not yet been assessed.
39.	Rosenbohm, Angela, et al. (author) Can lesions to the motor cortex induce amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? 2014 In: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 261:2, s. 283-290 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A recent staging effort for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has demonstrated that the TDP-43 neuropathology may initiate focally in the motor cortex in the majority of patients. We searched our data bank for patients with lesions of the motor cortex which preceded disease onset. We performed a search of our patient- and MRI-data bank and screened 1,835 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for frontal lobe/motor cortex lesions. We found 18 patients with definite ALS who had documented and defined lesions of the motor cortex, which preceded the initial ALS symptoms by 8-42 years. In the vast majority (15/18) of the patients, the onset of ALS was closely related to the focal lesion since it started in a body region reflecting the damaged cortical area. The findings suggest that initial lesions to the motor cortex may be a contributing initiating factor in some patients with ALS or determine the site of onset in individuals pre-disposed to ALS.
40.	Ståhl, Christian, et al. (author) Dirigo 2 : Slutrapport 2014 Reports (other academic/artistic)
41.	Sundal, Christina, et al. (author) MRI characteristics and scoring in HDLS due to CSF1R gene mutations. 2012 In: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 79:6, s. 566-74 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To describe the brain MRI characteristics of hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) with known mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene (CSF1R) on chromosome 5.
42.	Sällfors-Holmqvist, Anna, et al. (author) Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia: Diabetes mellitus following treatment for cancer in childhood. 2014 In: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 50:6, s. 1169-1175 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An increased risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) adds significantly to the burden of late complications in childhood cancer survivors. Complications of DM may be prevented by using appropriate screening. It is, therefore, important to better characterise the reported increased risk for DM in a large population-based setting.
43.	Tanha, Tina, et al. (author) Lack of physical activity in young children is related to higher composite risk factor score for cardiovascular disease. 2011 In: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 100, s. 717-721 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim: This study evaluates if accelerometer measured physical activity is related to higher composite risk factor scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children. Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 223 children aged 7.9-11.1 years (boys n=123, girls n=100). Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for four days. Body fat was quantified by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured during a maximal exercise test. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Z-scores [(value for the individual-mean value for group)/SD] were calculated for each variable and the sum of different risk factor z-scores used as an index of composite risk factors score for CVD. Results: Partial correlations, from General Linear Model, between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA) and general physical activity (GPA) versus index of composite risk factor score were in boys -0.29, -0.33 and -0.30 (all p<0.05). The corresponding correlations in girls were -0.28, -0.32 (both p<0.05), and -0.18, (NS). Conclusion: Low amounts of MVPA and VPA were related to higher composite risk factor scores for CVD in children aged 8-11 years.

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