| 1. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT | PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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| 3. |
- Brorsson, Anna Lena, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A person-centered education for adolescents with type 1 diabetes - a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 20:7, s. 986-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Young people with type 1 diabetes and their parents need to receive person-centred education to be able to manage their diabetes. Guided Self-Determination-Young (GSD-Y) is a person-centred communication and reflection education model that can be used in educational programmes for young people with type 1 diabetes.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether GSD-Y leads to improved glycaemic control, increased self-perceived health and health-related quality of life, fewer diabetes-related family conflicts, and improved self-efficacy in a group-based intervention for adolescents starting continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and their parents.METHODS: This randomized controlled trial included 71 adolescents starting CSII. Participants were followed for twelve months. The intervention group (n=37) attended seven group training sessions over a period of five months, using the GSD-Y model, the control group received standard care. Variables evaluated were HbA1c, self-perceived health, health-related quality of life, family conflicts, self-efficacy, and usage of continuous glucose monitoring.RESULTS: When adjusted for sex and family conflicts, there was a difference in glycaemic control between the groups at twelve months, favouring the intervention group (62 vs. 70 mmol/mol, p=0.009). When analyses were performed on boys and girls separately and adjusted for family conflicts, the only difference detected was for boys after twelve months (p=0.019). The intervention showed no effect on self-perceived health, health-related related quality of life, family conflicts, or self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: An intervention with GSD-Y may have an effect on glycaemic control. The content of the GSD-Y groups may serve as a model for person-centred care in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Kanatsuna, N, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
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| 5. |
- Ljung, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the Evaporation Rate in an Impingement Jet Dryer with Multiple Nozzles
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Chemical Engineering. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-806X .- 1687-8078. ; 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impinging jets are often used in industry to dry, cool, or heat items. In this work, a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics model is created to model an impingement jet dryer with a total of 9 pairs of nozzles that dries sheets of metal. Different methods to model the evaporation rate are studied, as well as the influence of recirculating the outlet air. For the studied conditions, the simulations show that the difference in evaporation rate between single- and two-component treatment of moist air is only around 5%, hence indicating that drying can be predicted with a simplified model where vapor is included as a nonreacting scalar. Furthermore, the humidity of the inlet air, as determined from the degree of recirculating outlet air, has a strong effect on the water evaporation rate. Results show that the metal sheet is dry at the exit if 85% of the air is recirculated, while approximately only 60% of the water has evaporated at a recirculation of 92,5%
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| 6. |
- Najm, Svetlana, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a lipid emulsion containing fish oil on polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles, growth and morbidities in extremely premature infants: A randomized controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 20, s. 17-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Authors Background & aims The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the parenteral emulsion SMOFlipid ® , with 15% fish oil, with Clinoleic ® on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other morbidities and growth, and to compare their impact on longitudinal serum levels of fatty acids. Retinopathy of prematurity, other morbidity and growth were correlated with each parenteral lipid supplement. Methods Ninety infants born at gestational age < 28 weeks were randomized to treatment with SMOFlipid ® or Clinoleic ® . Two thirds (66%) of the infants received parenteral nutrition for up to 14 days birth (median 8, range 2–14 days), and additional 25% of the infants received for up to 28 days after birth (median 21, range 15–28 days). Cord blood samples and then venous blood samples were obtained at ages 1, 7, 14, and 28 days and at postmenstrual age (PMA) 32, 36, and 40 weeks. Breastmilk was collected at postnatal day 7, and at PMA 32 and 40 weeks. Serum phospholipid and breastmilk total fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Treatment groups were compared with regard to ROP, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus sepsis and growth between birth and 36 weeks. Results Infants on SMOFlipid ® had higher fractions of omega-3 LCPUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and slightly higher omega-3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fraction and a decreased arachidonic acid (AA) to DHA ratio from one week after birth up to 32 postmenstrual weeks compared to infants on Clinoleic ® . Treatment groups did not differ in morbidities or growth. Conclusion Supplementation with SMOFlipid ® containing 15% fish oil during parenteral nutrition increased EPA substantially, DHA marginally, reduced AA and decreased AA to DHA ratio. It did not reduce morbidity or affect growth. Since extremely preterm infants accumulate a large deficit of DHA and AA, studies on more prolonged or different levels of DHA and AA supplementation are warranted.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Anna Karin
(författare)
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Everyday functioning in six year-old children born preterm : From a child perspective towards the child's perspective
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the thesis was to explore everyday functioning in six year-old children born preterm, from the children’s perspectives and from their parents’ perspectives. The relation between everyday functioning and neonatal risk factors, behavioural characteristics was studied with descriptive and correlational statistics, ANOVA and multiple linear regression (I). Patterns of everyday functioning were explored in a cluster analysis following a person-oriented approach (II). In a mixed method approach, the children’s and their parents’ perceptions on children’s competence in everyday activities were explored with a pictorial instrument and analysed with descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis (III). The children’s perceptions of meaningful everyday life situations were explored in a photo voice study, analysed with qualitative content analysis. In total, 144 children born preterm and 222 children born at term and their parents were involved.The results indicated that from the parents’ perspective most children born preterm and full-term were perceived with strong everyday functioning featuring strong motor, process and communication skills, a positive interaction pattern and low levels of behaviour problems. As a group, the children born very preterm were perceived weaker in their everyday functioning than the full-term group but the pattern of performance skills, interaction and behaviour varied similar to that of children born full-term. Further, it was found that preterm birth was not the main predictor, instead hyperactivity had most influence on everyday functioning. Moreover, the children born preterm perceived themselves to be overall strong performers of everyday activities. They wanted to be active and do things and for that they wanted to have skills and significant others i.e. siblings, parents, friends and pets to interact with and to feel safe and loved. Further, the children born preterm expressed a will to develop, improve and gain new skills and to have more opportunities to do meaningful things.In conclusion, the results in this thesis indicate that young children born preterm are able to reflect on their everyday functioning, and express needs and desires for their participation in meaningful everyday life situations. Moreover, preterm birth is not the sole predictor of everyday functioning more critical is the interaction of individual, behavioural and contextual factors.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of everyday functioning in preschool children born preterm and at term
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 67, s. 82-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Children born preterm are at risk of neonatal complications but the long-term consequences for everyday functioning is not well known. The study aimed to identify patterns of everyday functioning in preschool children born preterm and at term in relation to perinatal data, neonatal risk factors, behaviour, and socioeconomic status. Registry data and data from parent rated questionnaires were collected for 331 children.Method: A person-oriented approach with a cluster analysis was used.Results: A seven cluster solution explained 65.91% of the variance. Most children (n = 232) showed patterns of strong everyday functioning. A minority of the children (n = 99), showed diverse patterns of weak everyday functioning. Perinatal characteristics, neonatal risk factors and socio-economics did not predict cluster group membership. Children born preterm were represented in all clusters.Conclusion, implications: Most preschool children are perceived by their parents with strong everyday functioning despite being born preterm. However small groups of children are, for various reasons, perceived with weak functioning, but preterm birth is not the sole contributor to patterns of weak everyday functioning. More critical for all children's everyday functioning is probably the interaction between individual factors, behavioural factors and contextual factors. To gain a broader understanding of children's everyday functioning. Child Health Services need to systematically consider aspects of body function, activity and in addition participation and environmental aspects.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Fatalities in road traffic : a result of accidents or suicides
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most fatalities in road traffic are accidents, but some are suicides. The Swedish Parliament decided in 2010 to identify suicides in road traffic and separate them from fatalities caused by accidents. To undertake this task a method has been developed for classification of road traffic fatalities in order to determine if the fatality was caused by accident or suicide. It can be difficult to assess whether a fatality is due to one or the other. Reporting statistics about suicides is a difficult task as the hidden cases are to be aware of. Vision Zero is the Swedish ethical standpoint against road accidents and it is based on the idea that any loss of life in traffic is unacceptable. No-one should be killed or permanently disabled because of road traffic. In-depth studies are made for all road fatalities in Sweden, since 1997 by investigators at the Swedish Transport Administration (STA). In each case information of the vehicle, the road and event, and the road user are collected. The aim of this study was to assess the number of road traffic suicides by studying fatality from three angles; the vehicle, the road and the road user. The main focus was to devise and undertake a psychosocial examination of the road user.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena
(författare)
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Suicide And Accident Classification Method Used In Sweden
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2010 Sweden has been presenting statistics on suicides in road traffic separately from that on fatalities caused by accidents. To undertake this, a method has been developed for classification of road traffic fatalities in order to determine if the fatality was caused by an accident or by a suicide. For more information, see abstract nr 180: “Suicide and accident classification methodology”.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide and accident classification methodology
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatalities in road traffic are not only due to accidents, some of them are suicides. Sweden has since 2010 described statistics on suicides in road traffic separately from fatalities caused by accidents. To implement this, a method has been developed for classification of road traffic fatalities in order to determine if the fatality was caused by an accident or by a suicide.The work has been carried out in cooperation between The Swedish Transport Administration, The Swedish Transport Agency, The National Board of Forensic Medicine and Suicide Prevention Western Sweden.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Classroom Communities Including Learners with Mild Intellectual Disabilities : Lower Secondary School
- 2015
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Ingår i: Children and Young People in School and in Society. - : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781634835190 ; , s. 111-133
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the Salamanca declaration and framework (UNESCO, 1994) each country should strive to establish an inclusive school where all children can be together in the same school system, in regular classrooms with a customized education in community with others. Despite all children's right to a meaningful and equivalent teaching, categorizations of children with disabilities still occur and in Sweden there is a low degree of inclusion in regular school for pupils with intellectual disabilities (Education, 2012). For these reasons, it is of importance to increase knowledge about and investigate how classroom environments can be inclusive and provide a challenging and meaningful education for all. This chapter discusses inclusive education for children with mild intellectual disability (MID) and how teachers can work to enable learning for all pupils in their classroom. Examples will be given from field notes of different teaching sessions in lower secondary school in Sweden.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Tre föräldraberättelser om skolövergångar. Barn som har intellektuell funktionsnedsättning
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Barns övergångar. - Lund. - 9789144115481 ; , s. 151-167
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barn som har intellektuell funktionsnedsättning kan få sin undervisning i grundskolan, men läsa enligt grundsärskolans läroplan. Hur är det att göra övergångar mellan olika skolformer och olika skolor för barn som har intellektuell funktionsnedsättning? Hur kan det se ut för dessa barn i förskola och skolan innan utredning inför mottagande i särskola, under utredning och efter utredning? Detta kapitel diskuterar just dessa frågor och presenterar tre föräldraberättelser om sina barns skoltid.
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| 20. |
- Andersson Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Patient safety and patient assessment in pre-hospital care: a study protocol
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 24:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient safety issues in pre-hospital care are poorly investigated. The aim of the planned study is tosurvey patient safety problems in pre-hospital care in Sweden.Methods/Design: The study is a retro-perspective structured medical record review based on the use of 11 screeningcriteria. Two instruments for structured medical record review are used: a trigger tool instrument designed forpre-hospital care and a newly development instrument designed to compare the pre-hospital assessment withthe final hospital assessment. Three different ambulance organisations are participating in the study. Every month,one rater in each organisation randomly collects 30 medical records for review. With guidance from the reviewinstrument, he/she independently reviews the record. Every month, the review team meet for a discussion ofproblematic reviews. The results will be analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Discussion: The findings will make an important contribution to knowledge about patient safety issues in prehospitalcare.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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The Poetics of Workplaces
- 2017
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Ingår i: Experiencing the Everyday. - Aarhus, DK : Aarhus Universitetsforlag. - 9788787564939
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information design is a practice and an academic field that views information through its representations, for example, through images, spaces, and texts. It is also human centered, not technological driven, in that its focus is on the users and their conditions and environments. As an academic field, information design is at an intersection of disciplines; cognitive science, media and communication, linguistics, visual studies, and art and aesthetics meet in information design. In our research, we have come to focus on the connection between aesthetics and visual-spatial information design; we are addressing the understanding of aesthetic matters in information design and its implications, using examples from the manufacturing sector.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Davidsson, Sabina, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in normal prostate tissue, postatrophic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and tumor histological lesions in men with and without prostate cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 78:1, s. 40-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The tumor promoting or counteracting effects of the immune response to cancer development are thought to be mediated to some extent by the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs ). In the present study we evaluated the prevalence of Treg populations in stromal and epithelial compartments of normal, post atrophic hyperplasia (PAH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and tumor lesions in men with and without prostate cancer.METHODS: Study subjects were 102 men consecutively diagnosed with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy and 38 men diagnosed with bladder cancer undergoing cystoprostatectomy without prostate cancer at the pathological examination. Whole mount sections from all patients were evaluated for the epithelial and stromal expression of CD4+ Tregs and CD8+ Tregs in normal, PAH, PIN, and tumor lesions. A Friedmańs test was used to investigate differences in the mean number of Tregs across histological lesions. Logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer for each histological area.RESULTS: In men with prostate cancer, similarly high numbers of stromal CD4+ Tregs were identified in PAH and tumor, but CD4+ Tregs were less common in PIN. Greater numbers of epithelial CD4+ Tregs in normal prostatic tissue were positively associated with both Gleason score and pT-stage. We observed a fourfold increased risk of prostate cancer in men with epithelial CD4+ Tregs in the normal prostatic tissue counterpart.CONCLUSIONS: Our results may suggest a possible pathway through which PAH develops directly into prostate cancer in the presence of CD4+ Tregs and indicate that transformation of the anti-tumor immune response may be initiated even before the primary tumor is established.
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Common genetic variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) locus is associated with autoimmune Addison’s disease in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is the predominating cause of primary adrenal failure. Despite its high heritability, the rarity of disease has long made candidate-gene studies the only feasible methodology for genetic studies. Here we conducted a comprehensive reinvestigation of suggested AAD risk loci and more than 1800 candidate genes with associated regulatory elements in 479 patients with AAD and 2394 controls. Our analysis enabled us to replicate many risk variants, but several other previously suggested risk variants failed confirmation. By exploring the full set of 1800 candidate genes, we further identified common variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) as a novel risk locus associated to sporadic AAD in our study. Our findings not only confirm that multiple loci are associated with disease risk, but also show to what extent the multiple risk loci jointly associate to AAD. In total, risk loci discovered to date only explain about 7% of variance in liability to AAD in our study population.
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| 25. |
- Granlund, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with nutrition, travelling and clothing habits in an immigrant population in Northern Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 70:3, s. 373-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in immigrants from Africa and the Middle East living in Umeå, Sweden.DESIGN: Cross-sectional population based.SETTING: Umeå, Sweden (63° N).SUBJECTS/METHODS: Immigrants aged 25-65 years from nine countries in Africa or the Middle East (n=1306) were invited. A total of 111 men and 106 women (16.5%) completed the study. S-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was measured with HPLC. Anthropometry, medical, socioeconomic and lifestyle data were registered.RESULTS: Vitamin D status was insufficient or deficient in 73% of the participants. Specifically, 12% had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D3<25 nmol/l), and only 3.7% had optimal vitamin D status (25(OH)D3 75-125 nmol/l). Mean 25(OH)D3 level was 41.0 nmol/l (±16.6) with no difference between sexes. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were lower (P=0.030) and vitamin D deficiency was twice as common in immigrants from Africa compared with those from the Middle East. In the multiple regression analysis, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with low fatty fish intake (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.61-11.55), not travelling abroad (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.18-11.96) and wearing long-sleeved clothes in summer (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.09-9.12).CONCLUSIONS: The majority of immigrants from Africa and the Middle East who live in northern Sweden have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Our results are consistent with sun exposure and a diet with high intake of fatty fish being most important in avoiding vitamin D deficiency.
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| 26. |
- Granlund, Lena, 1960-
(författare)
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Vitamin D deficiency in Northern Sweden : a cross-sectional study of an immigrant population at latitude 63° N, including an open partially randomized, controlled trial studying the effect of supplementation with different doses of cholecalciferol
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Vitamin D is a prohormone that plays a key role in the calcium and phosphate balance and has physiological functions throughout the entire body. Vitamin D is supplied by exposure to ultraviolet light or by food. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in immigrants in Northern Sweden was unknown. There was no consensus on how to define or treat vitamin D deficiency and no pure preparations of cholecalciferol available in Sweden.Aims: To study the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in immigrants of African and Middle Eastern origin, to examine associations between vitamin D status and muscle strength, anxiety, depression and quality of life, and to determine the effect of supplementation with cholecalciferol on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] and vitamin D status.Methods: 1. A cross-sectional, population-based study. Immigrants ages 25-65 from Africa and the Middle East (n=1306) living in Umeå, Sweden, were invited to participate. A total of 111 men and 106 women (16.5%) participated. 25(OH)D was measured by LC-MsMs. Anthropometry, medical, socioeconomic and lifestyle data was registered. Examinations: lower limb muscle strength, grip strength, HAD, health-related quality of life (QoL) 2. An open, partially randomized, controlled trial including immigrants from Africa or the Middle East, 192 subjects screened, 160 included and 147 completed the study. Intervention: cholecalciferol 12±2 weeks, 4 parallel groups; Group 1: 25(OH)D <25nmol/L: 10000 IU/d, Groups 2a and 2b: 25(OH)D 25-49 nmol/L: 2000 IU/d or 2000 IU/w, Group 3: 25(OH)D 50-74 nmol/L: 2000 IU/d.Results: Twelve percent of the immigrants showed a vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ˂25 nmol/L) and 73 % showed 25(OH)D ˂50 nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency was twice as common in African immigrants as in the Middle Eastern group. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with intake of fatty fish less than once a week, absence of travel abroad and use of long-sleeved clothing in summer. Lower limb muscle strength was associated with 25(OH)D levels and weaker grip strength was associated with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with anxiety, depression or QoL in the total immigrant population. In Middle Eastern women, in whom prevalence of anxiety was higher, anxiety was associated with 25(OH)D ≤49 nmol/L. Oral cholecalciferol was effective in increasing 25(OH)D. At study end, 100% in Group 1, 89% in Group 2a, 55% in Group 2b and 96% in Group 3 reached adequate vitamin D status (25(OH)D ˃50 nmol/L). In Group 1; 62 % reached 25(OH)D ≥125 nmol/L.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was common in the immigrant group and no difference was shown between men and women. A diet including a high intake of fatty fish was most important in avoiding vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D status was associated with muscle strength in all immigrants. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with anxiety, depression or QoL in the immigrants. In female immigrants from the Middle East, anxiety was associated with 25(OH)D levels ≤49 nmol/L. Supplementation with cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day for three months was safe in healthy individuals with initial 25(OH)D 25-49 nmol/L, but monitoring is warranted since 11 % did not attain sufficient vitamin D status. The dose 10 000 IU/day in patients with initial 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L was unnecessarily high.
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| 27. |
- Granlund, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D is associated with lower limb muscle strength and grip strength in Middle Eastern- and African-born immigrants in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 59, s. 29-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that vitamin D status is associated with muscle function. Vitamin D deficiency is common in immigrants. We hypothesized that there was a positive association between vitamin D status and muscle strength in immigrants. The aim of this study was to examine associations between vitamin D status and muscle strength in an immigrant population in Sweden. All immigrants aged 25-65 years, born in 9 African or Middle East countries, and living in a district in Umeå (n = 1306) were invited. A total of 111 men and 105 women (16.5%) completed the study. Lower limb muscle strength was examined using a standardized muscle function indices of muscle strength. Grip strength was examined using a JAMAR hand dynamometer. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, height, body mass index, years since immigration, 25(OH)D, vitamin D deficiency, physical activity, and medical and socioeconomic factors. Twelve percent of the immigrants had vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L]. In multivariable analyses, reduced lower limb muscle strength remained linearly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentrations (P = .008) and weaker grip strength remained associated with vitamin D deficiency (P = .022) after adjustments. The association between vitamin D deficiency and reduced lower limb muscle strength did not reach statistical significance (P = .052). The results demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency and low 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with muscle weakness in immigrants.
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| 28. |
- Gullberg, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
-
ALKALI IN THE BLAST FURNACE – INFLUENCE OF MODIFIED ASH COMPOSITION IN COKE AND CHARGING PRACTICE
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presence of alkalis (Na, K) in the blast furnace process (BF) is known to have negative influences on the process due to the catalytic effect on coke gasification, destruction of carbon structure by intercalation of alkali, scaffold formation and refractory attack. The nature of alkali compounds combined with the character of the process causes alkalis to recirculate and accumulate in the BF. Within this study, the distribution of alkali at different depths in the shaft for different charging practices has been studied by examination of excavated coke samples from LKAB’s Experimental Blast Furnace. A possible way of controlling the alkali load in blast furnace has been investigated by studying coke with modified ash composition for binding alkali in stable phases that can be drained out from BF with the slag.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Haglind, Therése
(författare)
-
Digitalisering av gymnasieskolans verksamhet : tillgång och användning
- 2015
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skolan är en del av samhället och den digitala utvecklingen ger upphov till både möjligheter och utmaningar för skolans verksamhet. Denna licentiatuppsats handlar om digitaliseringen av svensk gymnasieskola och tar sin utgångspunkt i en verksamhet där tillgången till digitala verktyg på flera sätt är tillgodosedd. Syftet med detta arbete att undersöka användningen av digitala verktyg för skolarbete, samt förutsättningar för denna användning, i en miljö med god tillgång till digitala teknologiska resurser och en utbyggd infrastruktur. Tre forskningsfrågor är i fokus: (1) Hur ser användningen av skoldatorer och mobiltelefoner ut för skolarbete, både inom och utanför skolan? (2) Vad är elevernas och lärarnas uppfattning om digitala verktyg och deras användbarhet för pedagogiska syften? och (3) Vilka funktioner har skolans lärplattform i lärares gemensamma lektionsplanering? Forskningen har bedrivits nära praktiken och datainsamlingen har genomförts på två 1:1 gymnasieskolor i en medelstor stad i Sverige. Elevenkäter, enskilda lärarintervjuer, grupputvärdering med lärare och loggning av lärares aktivitet på LMS:et har genomförts under åren 2013-2015. Arbetet utgår ifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och grundtankar är att lärandet är socialt och sker i interaktion med andra och omvärlden (Sutherland et al., 2009; Säljö, 2014). Delstudie 1 handlar om elevers användning av skoldatorn och den egna privata mobiltelefonen (Haglind, 2014c). Texten baseras på enkätundersökningar och fokusgruppintervjuer med elever genomförda på två 1:1 gymnasieskolor 2013. Delstudie 2 undersöker elevers uppfattningar om mobiltelefonen som ett verktyg för skolarbete. Texten baseras på en enkätundersökning genomförd 2014 (Ott, Haglind & Lindström, 2014). Delstudie 3 undersöker relationen mellan elevers tillgång och användning av digitala verktyg för skolarbete (Haglind, Godhe & Lindström, 2015) och delstudie 4 fokuserar på användningen av ett LMS under ett kollegialt samarbete samt hur detta samarbete har uppfattats (Haglind, 2015). Delstudie 3 bygger på material från fokusgruppintervjuer, två enkätundersökningar och lärarintervjuer. Delstudie 4 använder material från lärarintervjuer, muntlig grupputvärdering med lärare och loggad LMS-aktivitet. Resultaten i delstudierna visar att digitaliseringen av gymnasieskolan är en komplex fråga där flera faktorer spelar roll. Trots god tillgång till digitala verktyg i skolmiljön så är användningen relativt låg och det finns en skillnad mellan elever ifråga om både användning av och uppfattning om digitala verktyg i skolan. Vidare indikerar resultaten att eleverna på de högskoleförberedande programmen har en annan uppfattning om digitala verktyg som redskap för skolarbete än elever på yrkesförberedande program samt att elever därmed ges olika förutsättningar att bemästra IKT för att lära baserat på programinriktning. Resultaten visar att eleverna i hög uträckning tar med sig sina privata mobiltelefoner till skolan. En del elever använder dessa för skolarbete både i skolan och hemma, men majoriteten av eleverna gör det inte utan identifierar både hinder och begränsningar med att använda mobiltelefonen för skolarbete. Dessa resultat tyder på att mobiltelefonen inte utmanar de etablerade verktygen för skolarbete eftersom den inte i någon större utsträckning används för skolarbete. Men det finns elever som använder mobiltelefonen och datorn för att utföra olika typer av uppgifter. De använder till exempel mobiltelefonen för att översätta ord och kommunicera med sms och datorn för att exempelvis skriva texter och anteckna (Ott, Haglind & Lindström, 2014). Dessa resultat indikerar att en del elever använder de olika digitala verktygen för olika ändamål och att de på eget initiativ kan välja bland de tillgängliga digitala verktygen. Delstudie 4 visar att LMS får olika funktioner i lärares gemensamma undervisningsplanering. Förutom att vara en plats att dela och förvara material så visar studien att LMS skapar lärtillfällen för lärarna när de på egen hand ”bläddrar” igenom materialet för att se vilket material de kan använda sig av; det blir det ett tillfälle för reflektion över både sin egen och andras undervisning (Haglind, 2015). Generellt sett är tillgången till digitala verktyg hög i svensk gymnasieskola, men resultaten visar att det finns ett glapp mellan tillgång och användning. Det räcker därmed inte att undersöka tillgång utan andra faktorer såsom elever och lärares uppfattningar om digitala verktyg är viktiga att undersöka och förhålla sig till. Detta arbete visar också vikten av det kollegiala samarbetet och en central fråga här är vilka stödstrukturer som blir viktiga i den digitaliserade skolan. Avslutningsvis så betonas här att det behövs bedrivas vidare forskning om gymnasieskolans digitalisering, med fördel genom studier där den beprövade erfarenheten ges möjlighet att grundas i vetenskap.
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| 31. |
- Jönsson, Lena S, et al.
(författare)
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The ordinary work environment increases symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders.
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 88:8, s. 1131-1140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to follow diary-registered symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders and relate them to different exposure measures. Furthermore, we would clarify the influence of possible effect modifiers.
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| 32. |
- Kanatsuna, Norio, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ, or both, in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients and controls. Patients (n=676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n=363) were analyzed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA, and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than controls (p<0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19 % (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (p<0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR=1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; p=0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans, rather than cis heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Lundbäck, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A novel high mobility group box 1 neutralizing chimeric antibody attenuates drug-induced liver injury and postinjury inflammation in mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0270-9139 .- 1527-3350. ; 64:5, s. 1699-1710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acetaminophen (APAP) overdoses are of major clinical concern. Growing evidence underlines a pathogenic contribution of sterile postinjury inflammation in APAP-induced acute liver injury (APAP-ALI) and justifies development of anti-inflammatory therapies with therapeutic efficacy beyond the therapeutic window of the only current treatment option, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The inflammatory mediator, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is a key regulator of a range of liver injury conditions and is elevated in clinical and preclinical APAP-ALI. The anti-HMGB1 antibody (m2G7) is therapeutically beneficial in multiple inflammatory conditions, and anti-HMGB1 polyclonal antibody treatment improves survival in a model of APAP-ALI. Herein, we developed and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a partly humanized anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb; h2G7) and identified its mechanism of action in preclinical APAP-ALI. The mouse anti-HMGB1 mAb (m2G7) was partly humanized (h2G7) by merging variable domains of m2G7 with human antibody-Fc backbones. Effector function-deficient variants of h2G7 were assessed in comparison with h2G7 in vitro and in preclinical APAP-ALI. h2G7 retained identical antigen specificity and comparable affinity as m2G7. 2G7 treatments significantly attenuated APAP-induced serum elevations of alanine aminotransferase and microRNA-122 and completely abrogated markers of APAP-induced inflammation (tumor necrosis factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1) with prolonged therapeutic efficacy as compared to NAC. Removal of complement and/or Fc receptor binding did not affect h2G7 efficacy. Conclusion: This is the first report describing the generation of a partly humanized HMGB1-neutralizing antibody with validated therapeutic efficacy and with a prolonged therapeutic window, as compared to NAC, in APAP-ALI. The therapeutic effect was mediated by HMGB1 neutralization and attenuation of postinjury inflammation. These results represent important progress toward clinical implementation of HMGB1-specific therapy as a means to treat APAP-ALI and other inflammatory conditions. (Hepatology 2016;64:1699-1710).
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| 34. |
- Löfqvist, Chatarina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Retinopathy of Prematurity With Low Levels of Arachidonic Acid A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Jama Ophthalmology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6165. ; 136:3, s. 271-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy fed matched diets except for omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) vs omega-6 LC-PUFAs demonstrate relative antiangiogenic and neuroprotective associations of omega-3 LC-PUFAs. However, supplementing preterm infants with LC-PUFAs has been inconsistent in reducing major preterm morbidities. However, few studies measured serum lipid levels after supplementation. OBJECTIVE To examine the associated risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from the levels of circulating omega-3 and omega-6 LC-PUFAs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This longitudinal clinical study was a further analysis of serum lipid levels from a randomized controlled trial cohort of 90 infants born at gestational age (GA) less than 28 weeks. From April 4, 2013, to September 22, 2015, cord blood samples, followed by venous blood samples, were obtained at birth and at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after birth and then at postmenstrual age (PMA) 32, 36, and 40 weeks at the neonatal intensive care unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Goteborg, Sweden. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Serum phospholipid fatty acids were transmethylated and measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mann-Whitney test, logistic regression Spearman rank correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to compare differences between infants with no ROP and infants who developed ROP. RESULTS Serum levels from 78 infants (43 male [55%]; mean [SD] GA, 25.5 [1.4] weeks) with a known ROP outcome were evaluated. Lower area under the curve (AUC) of arachidonic acid (AA) (20: 4 omega-6) was seen in infants with a later diagnosis of ROP compared with infants with no ROP in the first month of life (mean, 34.05 [95% CI, 32.10-36.00] vs 37.15 [95% CI, 34.85-39.46]; P < .05). In addition, lower levels of AA at 32 weeks' PMA were seen in infants with later severe ROP compared with in those without ROP (mean, 7.06 [95% CI, 6.60-7.52] vs 8.74 [95% CI, 7.80-9.67]; P < .001). In logistic modeling, low postnatal serum levels of AA and GA at birth identified with a sensitivity greater than 90% of infants who developed ROP. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Low postnatal levels of the omega-6 LC-PUFAs (AA) are strongly associated with ROP development. Evaluating postnatal AA fraction after birth in addition to GA may be useful for ROP prediction.
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| 35. |
- Molin, Lisa, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Instructional challenges of incorporating aspects of critical literacy work in digitalised classrooms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cogent Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-186X. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores what opportunities for critical literacy work that can be distinguished in the practices of an emerging digitalised classroom and how teachers and students make use of these. Observations were conducted over the course of one semester in three subjects in a Swedish class of 13-14-year olds using individual tablets. The findings presented as thick descriptions suggest that different kinds of opportunities to develop critical literacy evolve in various activities and digital technologies become a resource in students' work. However, these opportunities mainly occur in peer interactions outside the visible control of the teacher and never develop into further critical reflections. The study concludes that a deliberate emphasis on critical literacy work in the design of tasks, especially those that include digital technologies, creates opportunities for students to develop competences that support them in becoming confident users and producers of contemporary texts.
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| 36. |
- Olofsson, Eva M, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Helmet use and injuries in children's bicycle crashes in the Gothenburg region
- 2017
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 92, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the use and protective effect of helmets in children injured in bicycle crashes and changes in injury patterns during a period of increased helmet use. Method: Injuries in 4246 children below 16 years of age, who attended an A&E ward after a bicycle crash in the Gothenburg region during 1993-2006, were analyzed. The injury severity was classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale. The occurrence of skull/brain injuries and facial injuries was analyzed for 3711 children with respect to injury severity, helmet use and demographic and crash-related factors. Changes in injury patterns during the period were analyzed for 4246 children with no regard to helmet use. The ratio of the number of subjects with head injuries to the number of subjects with extremity injuries of any severity and of at least moderate severity was used to estimate the protective effect of helmet at a population level. Results: Helmets were used by 40% of the injured children at the beginning of the period and by 80% at the end; much less frequently by teenagers, especially girls. The adjusted odds of serious or more severe skull/brain injuries and moderate or more severe facial injuries with a helmet were about one fourth of those without a helmet. The proportion of children with skull/brain injuries did not change significantly during the period. Serious or more severe skull/brain injuries were noted more often during the latter half of the period, most often in children without a helmet. The proportion of children with facial injuries decreased, and the proportion with injuries to the upper extremities increased, also for moderate and severe injuries. The ratio between the number of children with head injuries and the number with extremity injuries decreased for injuries of any severity and for moderate or more severe injuries. Conclusions: Bicycle helmets have an obvious protective effect against head injuries in children, regardless of the crash circumstances. Teenagers must be informed about the high risk of skull/brain injuries in bicycle crashes without a helmet. The increasing occurrence of injuries to the upper extremities needs attention. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Rydberg, Tomas, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the environmental risk of the societal stock of additives in plastics by a chemical footprint approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental risk posed by additives in products in the technosphere in general and in consumer products in particular, is an important issue that has been, so far, investigated to a relatively limited extent. Previous estimates of the national stock and emissions are available on national scale [1,2,3] but the challenge has remained to understand how important or significant these stocks and emissions are from a risk perspective. The research presented here approaches the challenge by assigning risk characterisation scores to the additives and comparing the outcome with corresponding risk characterisation for biocides. We used the previous estimates om stock and emissions of plastic additives. Data for use of biocides were extracted from the Swedish Chemicals Agency The risk characterisation was carried out by applying USETox characterisation factors (CF), The amount of each substance, has been multiplied with its corresponding CF from USETox. These substance specific risk scores were then added to the overall risk score. It is clear that there are many uncertainties in the calculations. For example the emission calculations in the overall society example seem unreasonably high, in the order of 2 % annually of the total stock. In other work applying an advanced emission model to a limited sample of products, the emission rate is in the order of 0.02 % annually. This indicates that the overall society-wide emissions could be in the order of 500 tons rather than 47000 tons. For the risk scores, the uncertainty is even bigger, as the uncertainty of the CFs themselves come into play, as well as the incomplete availability of CFs. The total risk score for the National total use of biocides is 9.3E+09 CTU. This is to be compared with the risk scores as calculated for the additives, which is 1.3E+12 CTU for the total stock of additives and 3E+10 CTU for the emissions, or possible a factor 100 lower if assuming a similar overestimation as for emissions. The results are very sensitive to the identified uncertainties, and also to lack of CFs for possibly important substances, both among the additives and the biocides.
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| 38. |
- Salunkhe, Vishal A., et al.
(författare)
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MiR-335 overexpression impairs insulin secretion through defective priming of insulin vesicles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : Wiley. - 2051-817X. ; 5:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MicroRNAs contribute to the maintenance of optimal cellular functions by fine-tuning protein expression levels. In the pancreatic β-cells, imbalances in the exocytotic machinery components lead to impaired insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesize that dysregulated miRNA expression exacerbates β-cell dysfunction, and have earlier shown that islets from the diabetic GK-rat model have increased expression of miRNAs, including miR-335- 5p (miR-335). Here, we aim to determine the specific role of miR-335 during development of T2D, and the influence of this miRNA on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. We found that the expression of miR-335 negatively correlated with secretion index in human islets of individuals with prediabetes. Overexpression of miR-335 in human KndoC- (βH\ and in rat INS-1 832/13 cells (OE335) resulted in decreased glucose-sti- mulated insulin secretion, and OE335 cells showed concomitant reduction in three exocytotic proteins: SNAP25, Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBPl), and synaptotagmin 11 (SYTll). Single-cell capacitance measurements, complemented with TIRF microscopy of the granule marker NPY-mEGFP demonstrated a significant reduction in exocytosis in OE335 cells. The reduction was not associated with defective docking or decreased Ca2+ current More likely, it is a direct consequence of impaired priming of already docked granules. Earlier reports have proposed reduced granular priming as the cause of reduced first-phase insulin secretion during prediabetes. Here, we show a specific role of miR-335 in regulating insulin secretion during this transition period. Moreover, we can conclude that miR-335 has the capacity to modulate insulin secretion and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis through effects on granular priming.
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| 39. |
- Stenseke, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Kris i naturen – vår existens har blivit sårbar
- 2019
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fler arter än någonsin i mänsklighetens historia hotas av utrotning och den biologiska mångfalden lokalt har förändrats kraftigt i en stor del av världens ekosystem. Grundläggande förändringar behövs både i samhället och för individer, för att bromsa den negativa trenden, skriver en rad debattörer.
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| 40. |
- Svensson, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of suicides in road traffic in Sweden 2010-2015
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicides are a major health problem and effects a large part of the population. Besides the personal tragedies, suicides also affect professional working groups and impose costs on society. In Sweden 1500 persons per year die because of suicide. Some use the road system to commit suicide.In September 2016 the Swedish government presented a new launch of the Vision Zero. The government stated that suicides in the traffic system is a problem that has to be addressed within the traffic safety work. Preventive measures in order to reduce fatalities in road traffic, intentional or accidental, is in line with the Vision Zero.
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| 41. |
- Svensson, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide and accident classification methodology
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Not all fatalities in road traffic are accidents, some are suicides. Since 2010 Sweden has been presenting statistics on suicides in road traffic separately from that on fatalities caused by accidents. To undertake this, a method has been developed for classification of road traffic fatalities in order to determine if the fatality was caused by an accident or by a suicide.
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| 42. |
- Westergren-Thorsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF synthesis is induced by prostacyclin and TGF-β in distal lung fibroblasts from COPD patients and control subjects : Implications for pulmonary vascular remodelling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Respirology. - : Wiley. - 1323-7799. ; 23:1, s. 68-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: Involvement of pulmonary vascular remodelling is a characteristic sign in COPD. Vascular mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostacyclin may regulate fibroblast activity. The objective was to study the synthesis of VEGF and interactions with prostacyclin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD and healthy control subjects. To further explore the autocrine role of synthesized VEGF on fibroblast activity, studies were performed in human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). Methods: Primary distal lung fibroblast cultures were established from healthy individuals and from COPD patients (GOLD stage IV). Lung fibroblasts were stimulated with the prostacyclin analogue iloprost and the profibrotic stimuli TGF-β1. VEGF synthesis was measured in the cell culture medium. Changes in proliferation rate, migration and synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins proteoglycans were analysed after stimulations with VEGF-A isoform 165 (VEGF165; 1–10 000 pg/mL) in HFL-1. Results: Iloprost and TGF-β1 significantly increased VEGF synthesis in both fibroblasts from COPD patients and control subjects. TGF-β1-induced VEGF synthesis was significantly reduced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin in fibroblasts from COPD patients. VEGF significantly increased proliferation rate and migration capacity in HFL-1. VEGF also significantly increased synthesis of the ECM proteins biglycan and perlecan. The VEGF receptors (VEGFR), VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3, were all expressed in primary lung fibroblasts and HFL-1. Conclusion: VEGF is synthesized in high amounts by distal lung fibroblasts and may have a crucial role in ongoing vascular remodelling processes in the distal lung compartments.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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