| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hellström, Ann, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Enteral Lipid Supplement on Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAMA Pediatrics. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6203 .- 2168-6211. ; 175:4, s. 359-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Lack of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) after extremely preterm birth may contribute to preterm morbidity, including retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). OBJECTIVE To determine whether enteral supplementation with fatty acids from birth to 40 weeks' postmenstrual age reduces ROP in extremely preterm infants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Mega Donna Mega trial, a randomized clinical trial, was a multicenter study performed at 3 university hospitals in Sweden from December 15, 2016, to December 15, 2019. The screening pediatric ophthalmologists were masked to patient groupings. A total of 209 infants born at less than 27 weeks' gestation were tested for eligibility, and 206 infants were included. Efficacy analyses were performed on as-randomized groups on the intention-to-treat population and on the per-protocol population using as-treated groups. Statistical analyses were performed from February to April 2020. INTERVENTIONS Infants received either supplementation with an enteral oil providing AA (100mg/kg/d) and DHA (50mg/kg/d) (AA:DHA group) or no supplementation within 3 days after birth until 40 weeks' postmenstrual age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas severe ROP (stage 3 and/or type 1). The secondary outcomes were AA and DHA serum levels and rates of other complications of preterm birth. RESULTS A total of 101 infants (58 boys [57.4%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 25.5 [1.5] weeks) were included in the AA:DHA group, and 105 infants (59 boys [56.2%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 25.5 [1.4] weeks) were included in the control group. Treatment with AA and DHA reduced severe ROP compared with the standard of care (16 of 101 [15.8%] in the AA:DHA group vs 35 of 105 [33.3%] in the control group; adjusted relative risk, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.28-0.91]; P =.02). The AA:DHA group had significantly higher fractions of AA and DHA in serum phospholipids compared with controls (overall mean difference in AA:DHA group, 0.82 mol% [95% CI, 0.46-1.18 mol%]; P <.001; overall mean difference in control group, 0.13 mol% [95% CI, 0.01-0.24 mol%]; P =.03). There were no significant differences between the AA:DHA group and the control group in the rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (48 of 101 [47.5%] vs 48 of 105 [45.7%]) and of any grade of intraventricular hemorrhage (43 of 101 [42.6%] vs 42 of 105 [40.0%]). In the AA:DHA group and control group, respectively, sepsis occurred in 42 of 101 infants (41.6%) and 53 of 105 infants (50.5%), serious adverse events occurred in 26 of 101 infants (25.7%) and 26 of 105 infants (24.8%), and 16 of 101 infants (15.8%) and 13 of 106 infants (12.3%) died. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that, compared with standard of care, enteral AA:DHA supplementation lowered the risk of severe ROP by 50% and showed overall higher serum levels of both AA and DHA. Enteral lipid supplementation with AA:DHA is a novel preventive strategy to decrease severe ROP in extremely preterm infants.
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| 4. |
- Neij, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd : Rapport 2020
- 2020
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd bildades hösten 2018 med uppdrag att utvärdera hur Lunds kommuns samlade politik är förenlig med de klimatmål somantagits av kommunfullmäktige. Rådet, som består av forskare från Lunds universitet (LU) och SLU Alnarp, har sammantaget en bred tvär- och mångvetenskaplig kompetens och en gedigen erfarenhet av samverkan med samhället. Samarbetet mellan Lunds kommun och akademin har sedan längestimulerat utvecklingen i Lund och utgör en viktig källa till nytänkande och problemlösning.Rådet uppskattar förtroendet att utvärdera kommunens klimatarbete, men uttrycker samtidigt en ödmjukhet inför komplexiteten i detta arbete. Rådets ambition är att sträva efter att vara kritiskt granskande, men också konstruktivt och lösningsorienterat för att kunna bidra till utvecklingen av det lokala klimatarbetet.Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd presenterar årligen en rapport i vilken Rådet granskar Lunds kommuns samlade klimatpolitik. Detta är Rådets andra rapport och granskningen utgår ifrån de mål som antagits i LundaEko II under rubrikerna Minsta möjliga klimatpåverkan och Klimatanpassning. I rapporten utvärderar Rådet i vilken utsträckning kommunens arbete är tillräckligt för att nå etappmålen för 2020. Rådet identifierar även utmaningar och rekommendationer för arbetet med att nå de övergripande målen för 2030 och 2050. I årets rapport har Rådet valt att även mer ingående rikta fokus på transportsektorns klimatpåverkan.Rådet har i sin granskning utgått från tillgängliga planer, dokument, redovisningar och data. Detta material har kompletterats med samtal och intervjuer med ansvariga tjänstemän samt möten med andra intressenter, såsom Ungdomspolitiken och Klimatalliansen i Lund.
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| 5. |
- Stalberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Children's Right to Health through the Principles of Protection, Promotion, and Participation, from the Perspectives for Children, Parents, and Professionals : A Systematic Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Child Care in Practice. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1357-5279 .- 1476-489X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This systematic review aimed to identify how children's right to health, connected to the principles of protection, promotion, and participation, and from the perspectives of children, parents, and professionals in preschool, school, and healthcare has been empirically demonstrated by international scholars between 1989 and 2021. Following the standards of PRISMA-P, two searches, in 2018 and 2020, were conducted in seven databases. In total, 561 studies were found and after the screening process, which entails reviewing titles, abstracts, and full text-versions, 49 studies were finally included. A deductive qualitative content analysis, proposed by Elo and Kyngas, was performed. According to the findings, protection was demonstrated as Being protected from harmful acts and practices and being entitled to special care and assistance. Promotion was demonstrated as Possessing of resources and Receiving of services, and participation as Being heard and listened to and Being involved in matters of concern. Conforming to the findings, although presented separately, protection, promotion, and participation could be understood as interrelated concepts. In summary, children's right to health was demonstrated within two major fields: as the use of their own resources, and trust and as aspects provided by adults as support and safety. This is the first review of studies, published 1989-2021, identifying children's right to health through the perspectives of protection, promotion, and participation. During this period, children's right to health has mainly been demonstrated in studies from a healthcare context. All researchers, policymakers, health workers, and politicians should include children in all decisions that concern them, to increase their participation. As children's health is closely linked to their physical, social, and cognitive development there is a need for more studies exploring children's right to health in preschool and school contexts in which children spend their everyday life.
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| 6. |
- Zettergren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing tobacco use in Swedish young adults from self-report and urinary cotinine : A validation study using the BAMSE birth cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - 2044-6055. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Studies on health effects of tobacco often rely on self-reported exposure data, which is subjective and can lead to misclassification. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cigarette smoking, snus and e-cigarette use, as well as to validate self-reported tobacco use among young adults in Sweden. Method Participants of a population-based Swedish cohort (n=3052), aged 22-25 years, assessed their tobacco use in a web questionnaire. Urinary cotinine was analysed in a subsample of the study population (n=998). The agreement between self-reported tobacco use and urinary cotinine was assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient (κ) at a cut-off level of 50 ng/mL. Results Patterns of tobacco use differed between men and women. Among men, 20.0% reported daily snus use, 5.8% daily cigarette smoking and 5.6% any e-cigarette use. In contrast, 3.2% of the women reported daily snus use, 9.0% daily cigarette smoking and 2.4% any e-cigarette use. Among the tobacco use categories, daily snus users had the highest levels of cotinine. Of reported non-tobacco users, 3.5% had cotinine levels above the cut-off, compared with 68.0% among both occasional cigarette smokers and snus users, 67.5% among all e-cigarette users and 94.7% and 97.8% among daily cigarette smokers and snus users, respectively. Agreement between self-reported tobacco use and urinary cotinine was classified as strong for daily use of cigarettes (κ=0.824) and snus (κ=0.861), while moderate to weak for occasional smoking (κ=0.618), occasional snus use (κ=0.573) and any e-cigarette use (κ=0.576). Conclusions We found high validity of self-reported tobacco use in our study population, particularly for daily tobacco use. Further, we found that daily snus users were exposed to high levels of cotinine. Together with previous findings, our results indicate good validity of self-reported tobacco use among young adults.
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| 7. |
- Åkerfeldt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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"Fridolin backar in i framtiden om digitala läromedel"
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2021-12-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ingress: 23 forskare inom it- och utbildningsområdet: Regeringens utredare borde inte lyfta fram läsning på skärm som något negativt.Forskning visar att både tryckta och digitala läromedel behövs i skolan.
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| 8. |
- Åkerfeldt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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"Fridolin backar in i framtiden om digitala läromedel"
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : AB Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; , s. 5-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Gustav Fridolin presenterade i augusti i år "Läromedelsutredningen – böckernas betydelse och elevernas tillgång till kunskap". Utredningen lyfter fram och belyser flera viktiga områden, till exempel lärarens, rektorns och lärarutbildningarnas ansvar och att säkra rätten till likvärdig tillgång av läromedel. Något som brister idag. Men utredningen ger en förenklad och missvisande bild av digitala läromedel och dess betydelse och roll i skolan. Diskussionen måste nyanseras så att svensk skola kan ge eleverna de kunskaper, förmågor och kompetenser de behöver för att vara delaktiga i ett samhälle som alltmer förutsätter att medborgarna har digitala färdigheter. Den nyanseringen vill vi som forskar inom utbildningsväsendet med fokus på teknikutveckling och digitalisering bidra till.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Acevedo, Nathalie, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic alterations in skin homing CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells of atopic dermatitis patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- T cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) mediate pathogenic inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). The molecular alterations contributing to their dysregulation remain unclear. With the aim to elucidate putative altered pathways in AD we profiled DNA methylation levels and miRNA expression in sorted T cell populations -(CD4(+), -CD4(+)CD45RA(+) naive, -CD4(+)CLA(+), and -CD8(+)) from adult AD patients and healthy controls (HC). Skin homing -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells from AD patients showed significant differences in DNA methylation in 40 genes compared to HC (p < 0.05). Reduced DNA methylation levels in the upstream region of the interleukin-13 gene (IL13) in -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells from AD patients correlated with increased IL13 mRNA expression in these cells. Sixteen miRNAs showed differential expression in -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells from AD patients targeting genes in 202 biological processes (p < 0.05). An integrated network analysis of miRNAs and CpG sites identified two communities of strongly interconnected regulatory elements with strong antagonistic behaviours that recapitulated the differences between AD patients and HC. Functional analysis of the genes linked to these communities revealed their association with key cytokine signaling pathways, MAP kinase signaling and protein ubiquitination. Our findings support that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of AD by affecting inflammatory signaling molecules in skin homing -CD4(+)CLA(+) T cells and uncover putative molecules participating in AD pathways.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Meaningful everyday life situations from the perspective of children born preterm : A photo-elicitation interview study with six-year-old children
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 18:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThe aim of the study was to explore meaningful everyday life situations as perceived by six-year-old children born preterm. Materials and methodsThe study had a descriptive qualitative design with an inductive approach. Ten, six-year-old children born preterm, not diagnosed with any disabilities, participated. Data was collected by photo-elicitation interviews to stimulate and help the children to describe their meaningful everyday life situations. A qualitative content analysis according to Elo and Kyngas was applied. ResultsThe children's descriptions of meaningful everyday life situations can be understood as being in an active and dynamic process, representing the core category. The analysis resulted in three generic categories, as the children described the significance of having significant circumstances and doing things. The experiences the children gain when they do things create their desire for further development. DiscussionThe results reveal that children born preterm are able to reflect on and give detailed descriptions of situations of importance to them. The study suggests that if six-year-old children born preterm are given the opportunity to share their views they can take an active role e.g. in planning and carrying through of interventions by health care services.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Accident or suicide? Improvement in the classification of suicides among road traffic fatalities in Sweden by extended psychosocial investigations, during the years 2010–2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4375 .- 1879-1247. ; 80, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in the ages 15–29 worldwide, exceeded only by road injury. However, fatalities in road traffic may be either accidents or suicides. In 2010 Sweden began efforts to separately report deaths in road traffic as either accidents or suicides. Method: Three alternative criteria defining what constitutes a fatality by suicide were introduced. After exclusion of natural deaths, fatalities were also classified on a five-level graded scale, which distinguished between accident, undetermined, and suicide. The investigations of fatalities were complemented by extended psychosocial investigations in 2012. The improvement in the classification of suicide deaths was evaluated by an intra-year 2012 comparison, as well as using the 2010–2012 period as a control to evaluate the continued use of extended psychosocial investigations during the 2013–2019 period. Results: The 2012 intra-year comparison showed a 63% increase in the number of identified suicides when using extended psychosocial investigations. The additional 14 suicides identified in 2012 were mainly attributed to a resolution of 12 “undetermined” causes of deaths. Suicides of all road fatalities increased from 5.7-6.8% in 2010–2011, to 11.2% in 2012. Over the subsequent period 2013–2019 with extended psychosocial investigations, suicides of all road fatalities averaged 10%, a 60% increase over prior years. An average of ∼9 additional suicides was identified each year during 2013–2019, which was accompanied by an annual reduction of ∼6 “undetermined” fatalities. Conclusion: The use of extended psychosocial investigations is of major importance for our knowledge about the occurrence of suicides in road traffic. Practical applications: A standardized and in-depth classification of suicide deaths is a basic prerequisite needed for the cooperation, implementation, and effect-evaluations of suicide intervention and prevention efforts, with potential to include the entire Swedish transportation system. © 2021 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Inkludering och delaktighet i skolans arbete : perspektiv och betydelse
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna artikel, i den sista delen av modulen, är att presentera perspektiv på delaktighet, integrering och inkludering avseende begreppens innebörd och konsekvenser. Fokus ligger på hur delaktighet och inkludering kan hanteras i det praktiska pedagogiska arbetet och på betydelsen av att skapa skolorganisatoriska förutsättningar för lärare, elevassistenter och personal som medverkar i undervisning och deras arbete med att stödja samtliga elevers kunskapsutveckling.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Looking through the kaleidoscope of inclusion in policy on students with intellectual disabilities
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Special Needs Education. - : Routledge. - 0885-6257 .- 1469-591X. ; 39:4, s. 612-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, the Compulsory School for Students with Intellectual Disabilites (CSSID) is currently experiencing political change, as this type of school is being renamed and is undergoing organisational changes. The inclusion of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) in schooling, and in general society, has been challenged and debated for decades; such debates are at the heart of some of these changes. In this study, we have systematically investigated the policy work (e.g. government reports and statements) preceding and governing the changes. Hence, the purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge on how policy documents inscribe meaning to the inclusion of children with ID. Results show that discourses on inclusion are connected to neoliberal values and practices, such as assessment, global comparison, and accountability. It has been suggested that this may have a profound and long-term effect on how children with ID are fabricated and hence, how the child with ID and their education can be understood in terms of being included in the idea of ‘all students’ in policy, and in addition, in practice.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Parents’ perspectives on pedagogical transitions and educational situations of students with mild intellectual disability
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract titleParents’ perspectives on pedagogical transitions and educational situations of students with MIDIntroduction: The goal of the Swedish educational system is to offer all students a meaningful and equal education in an inclusive classroom environment. At the same time there are parallel school systems in Sweden, comprised by the Compulsory School for Students with Intellectual Disability (CSSID) and Compulsory School (CS).Aim: The aim of this study was to explore parents’ perspectives about their children’s pedagogical transitions and educational situation over time.Method: The data constitutes of six interviews with parents of students with mild intellectual disability (MID). All interviews were inductively analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Three master themes were summarised: 1) Uncertainty and worries, 2) Process and interactions, and 3) The novel situation.Implications: The transition from CS to CSSID requires a readjustment for parents and they express the need for support from professionals in these transitions. The change for the children could be to meet new knowledge requirements and for parents to find new forms of interaction between home and school. For children and parents the ability to face change was made visible, for example, trust in teachers was affected. In order to create a functioning everyday life, actors at different levels need to collaborate.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The stealth policy of inclusion of students with intellectual disability
- 2022
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Ingår i: EDUCATION AND INVOLVEMENT IN PRECARIOUS TIMES. - : School of Education, University of Iceland. - 9789935468222 ; , s. 1039-1039
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish school system is currently undergoing a change, one in which issues of inclusion for students with ID are at stake. Policy documents mirror ideas, beliefs and value systems that are expressed in the society. In order to better understand the processes of in(ex)clusion of students with ID there is a need to analyze policy. In this study we have analyzed 61 parliamentary texts, such as propositions, decisions and investigations from 2011- 2021 considering compulsory school for students with intellectual disabilities, CSSID (Grundsärskola). Specifically, the analysis focused on how inclusion and students with intellectual disability were fabricated by contemporary policy discourses. Findings indicated that inclusion was fabricated as equal rights to schooling, as the right to be assessed and accountability and as being closer to the norm. Furthermore, the results show a strive for alignment of the structure of schools for children without ID and children with ID to synchronize the work between the school forms, and that much emphasis is put on students’ equal participation in the assessment of knowledge. This seems to mean “sameness” regarding hours, and systems in place for assessment. From this our conclusion is that inclusion is above all to be an active neoliberal subject and the most important thing is then that the organizational structures are in alignment. Hence/ this is example on what Allan (2015) calls the Stealth bureaucracy in Sally Tomlinsson’s irresistible rise of the SEN industry. Allan, J. (2015). Stealth bureaucracy in Sally Tomlinsson’s irresistible rise of the SEN industry. In (Eds.), Chris Forlin, Phyllis Jones & Scott Danforth, Foundations of inclusive education research, International perspectives on inclusive education vol 6, p37-52. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. The Open Parliament Laboratory (2021). Örebro universitets analystjänst för riksdagsdata. www.riksdagsdata.oru.se
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena
(författare)
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Undervisningssituationen och elever med lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Inkludering i etikens motljus.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skolans nationella målsättning är att erbjuda alla elever en inkluderande skolgång med likvärdiga förutsättningar att uppnå målen för utbildningen och att utvecklas så långt som möjligt. Trots strävan efter en inkluderande skola kategoriserar och särskiljer det svenska utbildningssystemet elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF). För elever som har IF finns en alternativ skolform: grundsärskola, som har en egen läroplan och kursplaner. Elever som har diagnosen lindrig IF (LIF) erbjuds möjlighet att påverka om de vill få sin utbildning i grundsärskolan eller i grundskolan. Det kan vara en utmaning för lärare att planera sin undervisning utifrån två olika läroplaner, läroplanen för grundsärskolan och läroplanen för grundskolanSyftet med denna studie var att utforska undervisningssituationen för elever som har LIF i åldern 9-15 år, genom perspektivet från lärare i grundsärskolan och lärare i grundskolan.Tjugotvå lärare (11 specialskollärare och 11 grundskollärare) intervjuades om deras erfarenheter och uppfattningar om undervisningssituationen i skolan för elever med LIF. Tematisk analys användes för att induktivt analysera data.Resultatet i den här studien bygger på ett tidigare avhandlingsarbete, som fokuserade på undervisningssituationen för elever som har LIF. Lärare i grundsärskolan och lärare i grundskolan hade gemensamma och skilda erfarenheter och uppfattningar om hinder och möjligheter i undervisningen för elever med IF. Masterteman som sammanfattade kluster handlade om styrdokumentens krav och elevers förutsättningar, lärares val av innehåll och representationsformer och lärares arbete med sociala dimensioner.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Anna-Lena
(författare)
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Utbildningssituationen för elever med lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning : Lärares och föräldrars perspektiv
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of the Swedish educational system is to offer all students a meaningful and equal education in an inclusive classroom environment. At the same time there are parallel school systems in Sweden, comprised by the Compulsory School for Students with Intellectual Disability (CSSID) and Compulsory School (CS). Students who are not able to achieve in accordance with syllabus of CS and who have an intellectual disability (ID) are eligible to receive education according to the CSSID syllabus. The decision of placement in either type of school rests on students’ parents. It can be assumed, therefore, that teachers are expected to offer education adjusted to each student’s individual needs.The aim of the thesis is to deepen the knowledge about the educational situation of students with mild intellectual disability (MID) through the perspectives of teachers and parents. Teachers’ and parents’ experiences and perceptions are studied: parents offer their stories about their children’s educational situation over time, and teachers’ reason about their work in teaching situations with the target group. Furthermore, pedagogical evaluations are studied to look at how school difficulties in teaching situations are described.The empirical data was collected in one municipality from the middle part of Sweden. The data constitutes of six interviews with parents of students with MID, and also 21 pedagogical evaluations of students with MID. Additionally, interviews were conducted with 21 teachers: eleven CS teachers and ten CSSID teachers.All interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), and manifest contents analysis was used to analyze pedagogical evaluations. Theories used were Biesta’s theory on the dimensions of education, the three levels in education transitions by Griebel and Niesel, and the school didactic theory by Uljen.The results show that the educational transitions and the educational situation around students with MID are complex. The transition from CS to CSSID means a readjustment for parents and they express the need for support from professionals in these transitions. Pedagogical evaluations contain individual-focused descriptions and focus to a lesser extent on teaching adaptations. Teachers in CS and CSSID outlined both common challenges in provision of support to all students but also described different prerequisites for it in the two school types. The results indicate that the teaching situation in both CSSID and the CS needs to be reviewed with regard to the school's organizational conditions to offer inclusive education.Keywordsinclusive education, transition, students with mild intellectual disability, interview, pedagogical evaluations, teachers, parents
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| 24. |
- Ariander, Annaclara, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical challenges causing moral distress: nursing home staff's experiences of working during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo investigate the experiences of healthcare staff in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignIndividual interviews. Latent qualitative content analysis.SettingTen nursing homes in Sweden.SubjectsPhysicians, nurses and nurse assistants working in Swedish nursing homes.Main outcome measuresParticipants' experiences of working in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsFour manifest categories were found, namely: Balancing restrictions and allocation of scarce resources with care needs; Prioritizing and acting against moral values in advance care planning; Distrust in cooperation and Leadership and staff turnover - a factor for moral distress. The latent theme Experiences of handling ethical challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic gave a deeper meaning to the categories.ConclusionDuring the pandemic, nursing home staff encountered ethical challenges that caused moral distress. Moral distress stemmed from not being given adequate conditions to perform their work properly, and thus not being able to give the residents adequate care. Another aspect of moral distress originated from feeling forced to act against their moral values when a course of action was considered to cause discomfort or harm to a resident. Alerting employers and policymakers to the harm and inequality experienced by staff and the difficulty in delivering appropriate care is essential. Making proposals for improvements and developing guidelines together with staff to recognize their role and to develop better guidance for good care is vital in order to support and sustain the nursing home workforce. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected both patients and staff in nursing homes, in Sweden and worldwide.Our study highlights that during the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing home staff encountered several ethical challenges which caused moral distress.Moral distress stemmed from not being given adequate conditions to perform their work, thus not giving the residents appropriate care.Moral distress could also originate from nursing home staff's feeling of being forced to act against their moral values.
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| 25. |
- Bue, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in plasma and subcutaneous tissue in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1201-9712 .- 1878-3511. ; 92, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Piperacillin is a β-lactam antimicrobial frequently used in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, data regarding piperacillin tissue concentrations in this patient population are limited. A prospective observational study was conducted of free piperacillin concentrations during a single 8-h dosing interval in plasma (8 samples) and subcutaneous tissue (SCT) (13 samples), in 10 patients treated with CRRT following piperacillin 4 g given every 8 h as intermittent administration over 3 min.METHODS: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM 7.4.3, to simulate alternative administration modes and dosing regimens. SCT concentrations were obtained using microdialysis. Piperacillin concentrations were compared to the clinical breakpoint minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 mg/l), with evaluation of the following pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics targets: 50% fT > 1 × MIC, 100% fT > 1 × MIC, and 100% fT > 4 × MIC.RESULTS: SCT concentrations were generally lower than plasma concentrations. For the target of 50% free time (fT) > 1 × MIC and 100% fT > 1 × MIC, piperacillin 4 g every 8 h resulted in probability of target attainment (PTA) >90% in both plasma and SCT. PTA > 90% for the target of 100% fT > 4 × MIC was only achieved for continuous infusion.CONCLUSIONS: Piperacillin 4 g every 8 h is likely to provide sufficient exposure in both plasma and SCT to treat P.aeruginosa infections in critically ill patients on CRRT, given that targets of 50% fT > 1 × MIC or 100% fT > 1 × MIC are adequate. However, if a more aggressive target of 100% fT > 4 × MIC is adopted, continuous infusion is needed.
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| 26. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Trajectories of Mental Health Problems in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. - : Springer. - 1056-263X .- 1573-3580. ; 36, s. 203-242
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To review the longitudinal trajectories - and the factors influencing their development - of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Systematic review methods were employed. Searches of six databases used keywords and MeSH terms related to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mental health problems, and longitudinal research. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently screened records for inclusion, extracted data (outcomes and influencing factors), and evaluated the risk of bias. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using graphs and a narrative. Searches identified 94,662 unique records, from which 49 publications were included. The median publication year was 2015. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the most commonly included population in retrieved studies. In almost 50% of studies, trajectories of mental health problems changed by < 10% between the first and last time point. Despite multiple studies reporting longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems, greater conceptual clarity and consideration of the measures included in research is needed, along with the inclusion of a more diverse range of populations of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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| 27. |
- Dimenäs, Sandra L., 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' self-reported experiences following a person-centred, theory-based educational intervention versus conventional education for improved oral hygiene: Analysis of secondary outcomes of a randomized field study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY. - 0303-6979. ; 51:1, s. 63-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To analyse adolescents' self-reported experiences and behavioural outcomes of a person-centred, theory-based intervention in comparison with conventional information/instruction for improved oral hygiene.Materials and Methods: Data were derived from a prospective, multi-centred, two-arm, quasi-randomized field study focusing on the effectiveness of educational interventions for improved oral hygiene. Dental hygienists working within the Public Dental Service, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden, provided treatments, and adolescents with poor oral hygiene conditions were eligible for participation. The person-centred test intervention was based on social cognitive constructs, and motivational interviewing was used as an approach in communication. The control intervention included conventional information/instructions. Clinical examinations were performed, and questionnaires were distributed at baseline and at 6 months. Three-hundred and twelve patients were enrolled, and data from 276 patients, following treatment per protocol, were analysed.Results: The test group was more satisfied with the education about gingivitis (very good: 61% vs. 37%) and communication during therapy (very good: 69% vs. 50%) and reported to a larger extent that they were much more careful regarding their oral hygiene after the treatment (30% vs. 15%) and had higher confidence about keeping up healthy gingival conditions, in comparison with the control group (all p < .01).Conclusions: The person-centred, theory-based intervention was superior in terms of adolescents' experiences of education and communication during therapy and self-reported oral hygiene behavioural outcomes at 6 months, in comparison with conventional information/instruction.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Ekdahl, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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SATSA - ett projekt om undervisning av tal och räknande i förskoleklass
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ur abstraktet: SATSA står för Strukturell Ansats i undervisning Som grund för hållbart Aritmetik lärande och är ett projekt finansierat av Vetenskapsrådet. I SATSA riktas uppmärksamheten mot kvaliteten i undervisning i förskoleklass (6-åringar) med avseende på hur tal, antal och räknestrategier behandlas som innehåll för lärande.
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| 30. |
- Flygare, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based CBT for patients with depressive disorders in primary and psychiatric care : Is it effective and does comorbidity affect outcome?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has proved effective in reducing mild to moderate depressive symptoms. However, only a few studies have been conducted in a regular healthcare setting which limits the generalizability of the results. The influence of psychiatric comorbidity on outcome is not well understood. In the current study, patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms in primary and psychiatric care were interviewed using the SCID-I and SCID-II to assess psychiatric diagnoses. Those included were randomly allocated to ICBT (n = 48) or to an active control condition (n = 47). Both groups received therapist support. At post-treatment, ICBT had reduced depressive symptoms on the BDI-II more than the active control intervention (p = .021). However, the difference between groups was no longer significant at the 6-, 12- or 24-month followups. The within-group effect size after ICBT (BDI-II) was large (d = 1.4). A comorbid anxiety disorder didn't moderate the outcome, while the presence of a personality disorder predicted significantly less improvement in depressive symptoms. ICBT had a large effect on depressive symptoms in a sample from regular healthcare. It is possible to obtain a large effect from ICBT despite comorbid anxiety, however, including patients with a comorbid personality disorder in the current form of ICBT seems questionable.
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| 31. |
- Fredin-Knutzén, J., et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of preventing railway suicides by mid-track fencing, which restrict easy access to high-speed train tracks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4375 .- 1879-1247. ; 83, s. 232-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Suicides in the railway system is a serious health, societal, and transportation concern. Restriction of the access to suicide methods in the form of different physical barriers is a promising approach for suicide prevention. Method: Mid-track fencing, which is fencing placed in-between the high-speed and commuter train tracks, was installed at one out of seven stations along a train line outside of Stockholm in the years 2013/2014. The number of suicides at the intervention station was compared to six other stations used as controls, over a total period of 20 years (2002–2021). Results: Suicides at high-speed tracks occurring at stations was the major cause of death on the investigated railway line. Prior to the year 2014, the intervention and control stations displayed similar time trends in the number of suicides. After installation of the mid-track fencing in 2014, there was a 62.5% reduction in the rate of suicides occurring at the intervention station. Compared to the six other control stations, the intervention station displayed a significant reduction in the number of suicides during the years 2014–2021 (OR = 0.14, 95%CI 0.013–0.95). Suicides at the railway lines in-between stations were not increased post-intervention. However, nearby control stations showed a 162% increase in suicides after the intervention, suggesting the induction of transfer effects. Conclusion: Mid-track fences restricting access to high-speed train tracks may have a large effect on reducing the number of railway suicides at intervention stations, but may also induce an increase in suicides at nearby stations without mid-track fences. Practical applications: Partial physical barriers such as mid-track fencing is deemed to be relatively easy and cheap to install (as compared to full barriers; e.g., full height platform screen doors) and should be considered at all stations on railway lines that have high-speed trains passing by. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 32. |
- Fredin-Knutzén, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidprevention på järnväg : Två pilotstudier av skalbara åtgärder
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 284-284
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige inträffar årligen cirka 75 suicid på den svenska järnvägen. Olika åtgärder kan användas för att förebygga dessa händelser. Två nya och skalbara interventioner byggda av Trafikverket på två stationer i Stockholmsområdet har utvärderats. ”Spärrstaket” som separerar enkel tillgång till snabbtåg som passerar stationer, samt ”längsgående staket i plattformsände” som används för att minska motivationen till spårbeträdande från plattformsändar.Två naturliga experiment har utvärderats gällande de suicid- och personpåkörningspreventiva effekterna av åtgärderna som har byggts. Studieperioden har varit åren 2002-2021/2022 för variabeln personpåkörningar. I studien av ”längsgående staket i plattformsände” har även antal obehöriga spårbeträdanden samt förseningar utvärderats.Innan ”spärrstaketet” byggdes visade interventions- och kontrollstationerna liknande trender i antalet självmord. Efter installationen av spärrstaketet minskade antalet självmord med 62,5% vid interventionsstationen. Jämfört med kontrollgruppen syntes en signifikant minskning av antalet självmord (OR = 0,14, 95%CI 0,013-0,95). Efter installation av ”längsgående staket i plattformsände” har inga personpåkörningar inträffat (IRR = 0.32, 95%CI 0-1.82; ensidigt exakt p =0.1216). Det har varit en ~90 % minskning av antal obehöriga spårbeträdanden (IRR = 0.10, 95%CI 0.04-0.23; ensidigt exact p <0.0001) och en signifikant minskning av antalet förseningar på grund av obehöriga spårbeträdanden och personpåkörningar (Mann Whitney U=0, ensidigt exakt p=0.0455). "Spärrstaketen" visade en signifikant effekt i minskat antal suicid som sker vid plattformar på järnvägen. "Längsgående staket i plattformsände" visar en tendens till att minska antal personpåkörningar, men har en signifikant effekt i minskat antal obehöriga spårbeträdanden och förseningar. Detta är pilotstudier från två enskilda platser varför det finns ett stort mått av osäkerhet i hur stora effekterna är. Åtgärderna är skalbara och kan vara metoder för att nå uppställda målsättningar i att minska antal suicid och omkomna på järnvägen.
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| 33. |
- Gottlieb, Laura
(författare)
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Relational Sensitivity in Participatory Design : Thinking and making together through joint inquiry
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Participatory design processes can entail involving individuals, groups, and communities in joint inquiry to deliberate on their current situation, imagine alternative futures, and forge possible collaborations. Relational sensitivity – drawing attention to relationships in a given situation – is important when staging (i.e., organising and designing for) and facilitating joint inquiry. It is a valuable concept with which to illuminate and discuss contingent circumstances that may arise and, more generally, to support participation in joint inquiry. This PhD thesis explores and develops views of and a vocabulary for discussing relational sensitivity so as to support practitioners in staging joint inquiry. The thesis includes both a literature review and practice-based studies, applying a research through design approach to discuss relational sensitivity. The practice-based studies examine two participatory design processes: the collaborative designing of a communal space with university students, and the development of shared practices and rituals in a co-working space with professionals from the public sector. The practice-based studies also include nine design experiments in which situations for joint inquiry have been staged in academic contexts and in a museum. Through the literature- and practice-based studies, the thesis addresses two research questions: “How can relational sensitivity be understood when staging situations for joint inquiry?” and “How can the study of relational sensitivity inform practitioners when staging situations for joint inquiry?” Research methods include the use of field notes, journal notes, collective analysis, audio- and video-recordings, and questionnaires.The results include three perspectives from which to understand relational sensitivity when staging joint inquiry: sensitivity to self (e.g., reflexivity, self-awareness, and embodied awareness), sensitivity to intersubjective dynamics (e.g., attunement and responsiveness to group dynamics, affect, emotions, values, trust, and power dynamics), and sensitivity to materiality and process (e.g., the roles of materials, artefacts, and activities in reflection, social cohesion, and diverse contexts, and the role of the body in power dynamics). While relational sensitivity is primarily discussed in relation to practitioners – i.e., those staging joint inquiry – this thesis also discusses the importance of cultivating participants’ awareness of the self and others when staging joint inquiry to collectively support participation.Overall, this research contributes to the research fields of innovation and design and of participatory design by developing knowledge of relational sensitivity and its role in staging situations for joint inquiry. It provides insights into how practitioners can develop, discuss, and study their relational sensitivity and support participants in participatory design processes.
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| 34. |
- Granlund, Lena E., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D status was not associated with anxiety, depression, or health-related quality of life in Middle Eastern and African-born immigrants in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 75, s. 109-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active vitamin D is a neurosteroid that may modulate brain function. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and depression and anxiety have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that there was an association between anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and vitamin D status. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between anxiety, depression, and HRQOL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations in the Middle Eastern and African-born immigrant population. All immigrants aged 25-65 years, born in 9 African or Middle Eastern countries, and living in 3 districts in Umea (n = 1306) were invited, with 195 English- or Swedish-speaking immigrants (104 men and 91 women) participated. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. HRQOL was measured using EuroQoL-5 Dimension 3 Level Questionnaire and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations were determined using logistic and linear regression. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, origin, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and obesity. In total, 71% had 25(OH)D less than 50 nmol/ L and 11% had 25(OH)D less than 25 nmol/L. Anxiety, depression, and HRQOL were not associated with 25(OH)D in the immigrant population. Anxiety was common in female immigrants from the Middle East (32.7%); and after adjustment, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher risk of anxiety (25[OH]D <= 49 nmol/L vs 25[OH] D >= 50 nmol/L: odds ratio 23.2 [95% confidence interval 1.97 - 271.9] P = .012) in this subgroup only; however, reverse causality could not be excluded. In conclusion, the study showed no association between depression, anxiety, or HRQOL and vitamin D status in the immigrant population.
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| 35. |
- Granlund, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Definitions and operationalization of mental health problems, wellbeing and participation constructs in children with ndd : Distinctions and clarifications
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:4, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with impairments are known to experience more restricted participation than other children. It also appears that low levels of participation are related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe and define the constructs mental health problems, mental health, and participation to ensure that future research investigating participation as a means to mental health in children and adolescents with NDD is founded on conceptual clarity. We first discuss the difference between two aspects of mental health problems, namely mental disorder and mental illness. This discussion serves to highlight three areas of conceptual difficulty and their consequences for understanding the mental health of children with NDD that we then consider in the article: (1) how to define mental health problems, (2) how to define and assess mental health problems and mental health, i.e., wellbeing as separate constructs, and (3) how to describe the relationship between participation and wellbeing. We then discuss the implications of our propositions for measurement and the use of participation interventions as a means to enhance mental health (defined as wellbeing). Conclusions: Mental disorders include both diagnoses related to impairments in the developmental period, i.e., NDD and diagnoses related to mental illness. These two types of mental disorders must be separated. Children with NDD, just like other people, may exhibit aspects of both mental health problems and wellbeing simultaneously. Measures of wellbeing defined as a continuum from flourishing to languishing for children with NDD need to be designed and evaluated. Wellbeing can lead to further participation and act to protect from mental health problems.
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| 36. |
- Havervall, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 291:1, s. 72-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against reinfection lasts.Methods: We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses more than 8 months post-asymptomatic, mild and severe infection in a cohort of 1884 healthcare workers (HCW) and 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was analyzed by a weekly 3-month polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of 252 HCW that had seroconverted 7 months prior to start of screening and 48 HCW that had remained seronegative at multiple time points.Results: All COVID-19 patients and 96% (355/370) of HCW who were anti-spike IgG positive at inclusion remained anti-spike IgG positive at the 8-month follow-up. Circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses were detected in 88% (45/51) of COVID-19 patients and in 63% (233/370) of seropositive HCW. The cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% (3/252) among anti-spike IgG positive HCW (0.13 cases per 100 weeks at risk) compared to 23% (11/48) among anti-spike IgG negative HCW (2.78 cases per 100 weeks at risk), resulting in a protective effect of 95.2% (95% CI 81.9%-99.1%).Conclusions: The vast majority of anti-spike IgG positive individuals remain anti-spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID-19 disease severity. The presence of anti-spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.
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| 37. |
- Havervall, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 induces a durable and antigen specific humoral immunity after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 infection
- 2022
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:1, s. e0262169-e0262169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current SARS-CoV-2 serological assays generate discrepant results, and the longitudinal characteristics of antibodies targeting various antigens after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 are yet to be established. This longitudinal cohort study including 1965 healthcare workers, of which 381 participants exhibited antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen at study inclusion, reveal that these antibodies remain detectable in most participants, 96%, at least four months post infection, despite having had no or mild symptoms. Virus neutralization capacity was confirmed by microneutralization assay in 91% of study participants at least four months post infection. Contrary to antibodies targeting the spike protein, antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein were only detected in 80% of previously anti-nucleocapsid IgG positive healthcare workers. Both anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels were significantly higher in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients four months post infection than in healthcare workers four months post infection (p = 2*10−23 and 2*10−13 respectively). Although the magnitude of humoral response was associated with disease severity, our findings support a durable and functional humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 infection even after no or mild symptoms. We further demonstrate differences in antibody kinetics depending on the antigen, arguing against the use of the nucleocapsid protein as target antigen in population-based SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys
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| 38. |
- Ivarsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rating via video communication in children with disability - a feasibility study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDifferent barriers may hinder children with developmental disabilities (DD) from having a voice in research and clinical interventions concerning fundamentally subjective phenomena, such as participation. It is not well-investigated if video communication tools have the potential to reduce these barriers. AimThis study investigated the feasibility of administering a self-rating instrument measuring participation, Picture My Participation (PmP), via a video communication tool (Zoom), to children with DD. Materials and methodsPmP was administered to 17 children with DD (mean age 13 years). The pictorial representations of activities and response options in PmP were displayed in a shared PowerPoint presentation, enabling nonverbal responses with the annotate function in Zoom. Child and interviewer perceptions of the interview were measured through questionnaires developed for the purpose. ResultsAll the children completed the interview. Most PmP questions were answered, and no adverse events were registered. Technical issues could generally be solved. No special training or expensive equipment was needed for the interviews. ConclusionInterviewer-guided self-ratings of participation and related constructs through video communication may be a feasible procedure to use with children with DD from age 11. SignificanceOffering video communication may increase children's chances to contribute subjective experiences in research and clinical practice.
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| 39. |
- Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16–C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
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| 40. |
- Klang, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Didaktiska val i undervisningen för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intentionen med den, tredje delen av modulen, är att bidra till en diskussion om olika didaktiska val i den dagliga undervisningen och möjligheter att värdera och pröva dessa i relation till elevers utveckling mot målen. Ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv handlar undervisningens centrala frågor om att ett visst innehåll är i fokus (vad?) och ska förmedlas, kommuniceras eller tillägnas på ett visst sätt (hur?) där interaktion mellan läraren och eleverna är i fokus (Jank och Meyer, 2011). Dessutom är det viktigt att undervisning speglar de värden och kunskaper som finns för vår utbildning (varför?). Många fler frågor kan såklart ställas till undervisning som fenomen, men vi begränsar oss här. Vi börjar med att relatera dessa frågor till differentierad undervisning, för att därefter rikta fokus mot hur innehållet i undervisningen kan representeras samt hur undervisningen kan struktureras för att främja elevers förståelse för innehållet. Vi belyser betydelsen av tydliggörande strukturer i skolan och vikten av att kompensera för elevers olika förutsättningar att minnas och bearbeta information. Avslutningsvis, gör vi en koppling till ett av utbildningens syften att fostra elever till demokratiska medborgare, och diskuterar vad det innebär i skolans vardagliga praktiker.
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| 41. |
- Kourantidou, Melina, et al.
(författare)
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The economic costs, management and regulation of biological invasions in the Nordic countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A collective understanding of economic impacts and in particular of monetary costs of biological invasions is lacking for the Nordic region. This paper synthesizes findings from the literature on costs of invasions in the Nordic countries together with expert elicitation. The analysis of cost data has been made possible through the InvaCost database, a globally open repository of monetary costs that allows for the use of temporal, spatial, and taxonomic descriptors facilitating a better understanding of how costs are distributed. The total reported costs of invasive species across the Nordic countries were estimated at $8.35 billion (in 2017 US$ values) with damage costs significantly outweighing management costs. Norway incurred the highest costs ($3.23 billion), followed by Denmark ($2.20 billion), Sweden ($1.45 billion), Finland ($1.11 billion) and Iceland ($25.45 million). Costs from invasions in the Nordics appear to be largely underestimated. We conclude by highlighting such knowledge gaps, including gaps in policies and regulation stemming from expert judgment as well as avenues for an improved understanding of invasion costs and needs for future research.
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| 42. |
- Larsson-Callerfelt, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF synthesis and VEGF receptor 2 expression in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction including Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is common after lung transplantation. Histologically, BOS is recognized as fibrotic lesions with accumulated extracellular matrix (ECM) in small airways. Lung fibroblasts are major producers of ECM and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study we hypothesize that VEGF is involved in BOS development after lung transplantation.METHODS: We investigated the effect of profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF-β) on VEGF synthesis in lung fibroblasts isolated from distal lung tissue biopsies taken from patients at 3, 6 and 12 months after lung transplantation (n = 14). Co-expression of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 2 and collagen marker prolyl4-hydroxylase (p4OH) were analyzed in lung tissue from patients with BOS (n = 11).RESULTS: VEGF synthesis from distal derived lung fibroblasts were significantly lower 3 months after lung transplantation (168.6 ± 133.7; n = 7) compared to non-transplanted subjects (451.8 ± 185.9; n = 9; p = 0.0033) and increased over time at 6 months (584.1 ± 264.9; n = 9; p = 0.0033) and 12 months (451.1 ± 207.5; n = 8; p = 0.0065) post transplantation. TGF-β significantly induced VEGF synthesis at all time points. At 12 months post transplantation there was significantly less VEGF synthesis after TGF-β stimulation in fibroblasts obtained from BOS patients (1170 ± 450.2; n = 4) compared to patients without any chronic rejection process (1980 ± 417.9; n = 4; p < 0.039). The numbers of cells expressing VEGFR2/p4OH were increased in patients with BOS (33.2 ± 10.9; n = 11) compared to control subjects (10.1 ± 9.9; n = 11; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that changes in VEGF/VEGFR2 axis could be involved in BOS development and marker of poor outcome.
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| 43. |
- Maglio, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Bariatric surgery and the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis - a Swedish Obese Subjects study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 59:2, s. 303-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bariatric surgery on the incidence of RA in participants of the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study.The SOS is a longitudinal study aiming to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on mortality and obesity-related diseases. This report includes 2002 subjects with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and 2034 matched controls; none of them had RA at baseline. Cases of incident RA were identified through the Swedish National Patient Register by searching for International Classification of Diseases codes. Both intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses are reported. In the per-protocol analysis, participants from the control group who underwent bariatric surgery later on during follow-up were censored at the time of surgery.During follow-up, 92 study participants developed RA. The median follow-up was 21 years (range 0-29). Bariatric surgery was neither associated with the incidence of RA in the intention-to-treat analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% CI 0.59, 1.46), P = 0.74], nor in the per-protocol analysis [HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.54, 1.38), P = 0.53]. Weight change at the 2 year follow-up, expressed as the change in BMI compared with baseline, did not associate with the development of RA. Higher serum CRP levels and smoking associated with the future development of RA independent of other factors.We did not detect any association between bariatric surgery and the incidence of RA in subjects affected by obesity followed up for up to 29 years.(http://clinicaltrials.gov): NCT01479452.
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| 44. |
- Ofori, Jones K, et al.
(författare)
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The highly expressed calcium-insensitive synaptotagmin-11 and synaptotagmin-13 modulate insulin secretion
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 236:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim SYT11 and SYT13, two calcium-insensitive synaptotagmins, are downregulated in islets from type 2 diabetic donors, but their function in insulin secretion is unknown. To address this, we investigated the physiological role of these two synaptotagmins in insulin-secreting cells. Methods Correlations between gene expression levels were performed using previously described RNA-seq data on islets from 188 human donors. SiRNA knockdown was performed in EndoC-beta H1 and INS-1 832/13 cells. Insulin secretion was measured with ELISA. Patch-clamp was used for single-cell electrophysiology. Confocal microscopy was used to determine intracellular localization. Results Human islet expression of the transcription factor PDX1 was positively correlated with SYT11 (p = 2.4e(-10)) and SYT13 (p < 2.2e(-16)). Syt11 and Syt13 both co-localized with insulin, indicating their localization in insulin granules. Downregulation of Syt11 in INS-1 832/13 cells (siSYT11) resulted in increased basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Downregulation of Syt13 (siSYT13) decreased insulin secretion induced by glucose and K+. Interestingly, the cAMP-raising agent forskolin was unable to enhance insulin secretion in siSYT13 cells. There was no difference in insulin content, exocytosis, or voltage-gated Ca2+ currents in the two models. Double knockdown of Syt11 and Syt13 (DKD) resembled the results in siSYT13 cells. Conclusion SYT11 and SYT13 have similar localization and transcriptional regulation, but they regulate insulin secretion differentially. While downregulation of SYT11 might be a compensatory mechanism in type-2 diabetes, downregulation of SYT13 reduces the insulin secretory response and overrules the compensatory regulation of SYT11 in a way that could aggravate the disease.
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| 45. |
- Peruzzi, Niccolò, et al.
(författare)
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3D analysis of the myenteric plexus of the human bowel by X-ray phase-contrast tomography - a future method?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 55:10, s. 1261-1267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Light microscopical analysis in two dimensions, combined with immunohistochemistry, is presently the gold standard to describe the enteric nervous system (ENS). Our aim was to assess the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) imaging by X-ray phase-contrast tomography in evaluating the ENS of the human bowel.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Myenteric ganglia were identified in full-thickness biopsies of the ileum and colon by hematoxylin & eosin staining. A1-mm biopsy punch was taken from the paraffin blocks and placed into a Kapton® tube for subsequent tomographic investigation. The samples were scanned, without further preparation, using phase-contrast tomography at two different scales: overview scans (performed with laboratory setups), which allowed localization of the nervous tissue (∼1µm effective voxel size); and high-resolution scans (performed with a synchrotron endstation), which imaged localized regions of 320x320x320 µm3 (176 nm effective voxel size).RESULTS: The contrast allowed us to follow the shape and the size changes of the ganglia, as well as to study their cellular components together with the cells and cellular projections of the periganglional space. Furthermore, it was possible to show the 3D network of the myenteric plexus and to quantify its volume within the samples.CONCLUSIONS: Phase-contrast X-ray tomography can be applied for volume analyses of the human ENS and to study tissue components in unstained paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies. This technique could potentially be used to study disease mechanisms, and to compare healthy and diseased tissues in clinical research.
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| 46. |
- Raj, Aashna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating hydrogen gas transport in pipelines: Current state of numerical and experimental methodologies
- 2024
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 67, s. 136-149
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, modelling approaches, experimental studies, and challenges associated with hydrogen gas flow in pipelines. It elucidates key aspects of hydrogen gas flow, including density, compressibility factor, and other relevant properties crucial for understanding its behavior in pipelines. Equations of state are discussed in detail, highlighting their importance in accurately modeling hydrogen gas flow. In the subsequent sections, one-dimensional and three-dimensional modelling techniques for gas distribution networks and localized flow involving critical components are explored. Emphasis is placed on transient flow, friction losses, and leakage characteristics, shedding light on the complexities of hydrogen pipeline transportation. Experimental studies investigating hydrogen pipeline transportation dynamics are outlined, focusing on the impact of leakage on surrounding environments and safety parameters. The challenges and solutions associated with repurposing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transport are discussed, along with the influence of pipeline material on hydrogen transportation. Identified research gaps underscore the need for further investigation into areas such as transient flow behavior, leakage mitigation strategies, and the development of advanced modelling techniques. Future perspectives address the growing demand for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and the evolving landscape of hydrogen-based energy systems.
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| 47. |
- Rao, Komal Umashankar, et al.
(författare)
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A broad spectrum anti-bacterial peptide with an adjunct potential for tuberculosis chemotherapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternative ways to prevent and treat infectious diseases are needed. Previously, we identified a fungal peptide, NZX, that was comparable to rifampicin in lowering M. tuberculosis load in a murine tuberculosis (TB) infection model. Here we assessed the potential synergy between this cationic host defence peptide (CHDP) and the current TB drugs and analysed its pharmacokinetics. We found additive effect of this peptide with isoniazid and ethambutol and confirmed these results with ethambutol in a murine TB-model. In vivo, the peptide remained stable in circulation and preserved lung structure better than ethambutol alone. Antibiotic resistance studies did not induce mutants with reduced susceptibility to the peptide. We further observed that this peptide was effective against nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as M. avium and M. abscessus, and several Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, the presented data supports a role for this CHDP in the treatment of drug resistant organisms.
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| 48. |
- Rudberg, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms and seroprevalence in healthcare workers in Sweden.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SARS-CoV-2 may pose an occupational health risk to healthcare workers. Here, we report the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, self-reported symptoms and occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers at a large acute care hospital in Sweden. The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 19.1% among the 2149 healthcare workers recruited between April 14th and May 8th 2020, which was higher than the reported regional seroprevalence during the same time period. Symptoms associated with seroprevalence were anosmia (odds ratio (OR) 28.4, 95% CI 20.6-39.5) and ageusia (OR 19.2, 95% CI 14.3-26.1). Seroprevalence was also associated with patient contact (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9-4.5) and covid-19 patient contact (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.2-5.3). These findings imply an occupational risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Continued measures are warranted to assure healthcare workers safety and reduce transmission from healthcare workers to patients and to the community.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Zhang, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Adiponectin Associates with Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk in Overweight and Obesity Independently of Other Adipokines
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 10:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently reported that increased serum adiponectin was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in subjects with obesity. We hereby aim to determine if other adipokines associate with RA risk and if the association between adiponectin and RA is independent of other adipokines. Two nested-case control studies were performed in two different cohorts: 82 participants of the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study who developed RA during follow-up matched with 410 controls, and 88 matched pairs from the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden. Baseline levels of circulating adipokines were measured using ELISA. In a multivariable analysis in the SOS cohort, higher adiponectin was associated with an increased risk of RA independently of other adipokines (OR for RA risk: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12, p = 0.02). No association between leptin, resistin, and visfatin levels and the risk of RA was detected. In the cohort from the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden, higher adiponectin was associated with an increased risk of RA only in participants with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.36, p = 0.03), independently of other adipokines. Our results show that in individuals with overweight/obesity, higher circulating levels of adiponectin, but not leptin, resistin, or visfatin, were associated with an increased RA risk.
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