| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Participation in leisure activities and binge drinking in adults – findings from a Swedish general population sample.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Addiction Research & Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 20:2, s. 172-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the associations between participation in different leisure activities and binge drinking in Swedish adults. The study was based on a questionnaire in a general population sample (n=3567) of individuals aged 19–64 years old. Men and women were defined as binge drinkers if they reported that they had consumed alcohol at least once a month, and stated that at a typical drinking occasion they consumed five or more standard glasses (12g of alcohol). Multivariate analyses found associations between binge drinking and socializing with friends among men aged 19–30 years (odds ratio, OR 2.88), in the 31–64 years old age group (OR 1.87). Corresponding results was found in younger women (OR 2.36). A higher OR was also found for younger men who regularly attended sporting events as spectators (OR 1.83), and among respondents in the older age group who regularly played computer or video games (OR 2.11 for women and 1.61 for men). A lower OR for binge drinking was found for men who regularly participated in religious services in both age-groups. Lower prevalence of binge drinking among women was only found in the younger group among those who regularly participated in sports/athletics or other training (OR 0.51). Our findings suggest that prevention strategies could benefit from an everyday life approach, but also that different interventions should be used in relation to specific leisure activities.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Manne, et al.
(författare)
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Can New Inflammatory Markers Improve the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis?
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 38:11, s. 2777-2783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diagnosis of appendicitis is difficult and resource consuming. New inflammatory markers have been proposed for the diagnosis of appendicitis, but their utility in combination with traditional diagnostic variables has not been tested. Our objective is to explore the potential of new inflammatory markers for improving the diagnosis of appendicitis. The diagnostic properties of the six most promising out of 21 new inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-6, chemokine ligand [CXCL]-8, chemokine C-C motif ligand [CCL]-2, serum amyloid A [SAA], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-9, and myeloperoxidase [MPO]) were compared with traditional diagnostic variables included in the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score (right iliac fossa pain, vomiting, rebound tenderness, guarding, white blood cell [WBC] count, proportion neutrophils, C-reactive protein and body temperature) in 432 patients with suspected appendicitis by uni- and multivariable regression models. Of the new inflammatory variables, SAA, MPO, and MMP9 were the strongest discriminators for all appendicitis (receiver operating characteristics [ROC] 0.71) and SAA was the strongest discriminator for advanced appendicitis (ROC 0.80) compared with defence or rebound tenderness, which were the strongest traditional discriminators for all appendicitis (ROC 0.84) and the WBC count for advanced appendicitis (ROC 0.89). CCL2 was the strongest independent discriminator beside the AIR score variables in a multivariable model. The AIR score had an ROC area of 0.91 and could correctly classify 58.3 % of the patients, with an accuracy of 92.9 %. This was not improved by inclusion of the new inflammatory markers. The conventional diagnostic variables for appendicitis, as combined in the AIR score, is an efficient screening instrument for classifying patients as low-, indeterminate-, or high-risk for appendicitis. The addition of the new inflammatory variables did not improve diagnostic performance further.
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| 4. |
- Andreasson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of anamnestic criteria for the identification of patients with acute community onset viral gastroenteritis in the emergency department-A prospective observational study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 46:8, s. 561-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To our knowledge no clinical criteria for the identification of community onset viral gastroenteritis in individual patients have been evaluated systematically with modern PCR-based diagnostic assays as gold standard. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors independently associated with the detection of virus by PCR in rectal swab samples from patients with acute community onset gastroenteritis. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from December 2010 through March 2011 at the emergency department (ED) of a large teaching hospital. All patients who reported vomiting and/or diarrhoea up to 48 h prior to their visit to the ED were asked to participate. A rectal swab sample was obtained from each patient. Symptoms, date of onset, and epidemiological data were recorded. Samples were analysed with a multiple real-time PCR targeting 6 viral agents (astrovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and norovirus GI and GII). Results: Two hundred and five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of whom 66 agreed to participate; their median (IQR) age was 65 (38-84) y and 43 (65%) were females. Thirty-one (47%) were positive by PCR for at least 1 of the agents examined (26 norovirus, 2 sapovirus, 2 rotavirus, and 1 adenovirus). Diarrhoea and a short duration of symptoms (≤ 2 days) were independently associated with a positive rectal swab sample, with odds ratios of 7.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-28) and 10.4 (95% CI 1.9-56), respectively (p < 0.01 for both). A multivariate model including these 2 variables had a sensitivity of 81% (25/31) and a specificity of 69% (24/35). Conclusions: Diarrhoea and a short duration of symptoms were the only anamnestic criteria independently associated with acute community onset viral gastroenteritis confirmed by PCR.
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| 5. |
- Jäderkvist Fegraeus, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of significant associations with early career performance suggest no link between the DMRT3 "Gait Keeper" mutation and precocity in Coldblooded trotters
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish-Norwegian Coldblooded trotter (CBT) is a local breed in Sweden and Norway mainly used for harness racing. Previous studies have shown that a mutation from cytosine (C) to adenine (A) in the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) gene has a major impact on harness racing performance of different breeds. An association of the DMRT3 mutation with early career performance has also been suggested. The aim of the current study was to investigate this proposed association in a randomly selected group of CBTs. 769 CBTs (485 raced, 284 unraced) were genotyped for the DMRT3 mutation. The association with racing performance was investigated for 13 performance traits and three different age intervals: 3 years, 3 to 6 years, and 7 to 10 years of age, using the statistical software R. Each performance trait was analyzed for association with DMRT3 using linear models. The results suggest no association of the DMRT3 mutation with precocity (i.e. performance at 3 years of age). Only two traits (race time and number of disqualifications) were significantly different between the genotypes, with AA horses having the fastest times and CC horses having the highest number of disqualifications at 3 years of age. The frequency of the AA genotype was significantly lower in the raced CBT sample compared with the unraced sample and less than 50% of the AA horses participated in a race. For the age intervals 3 to 6 and 7 to 10 years the AA horses also failed to demonstrate significantly better performance than the other genotypes. Although suggested as the most favorable genotype for racing performance in Standardbreds and Finnhorses across all ages, the AA genotype does not appear to be associated with superior performance, early or late, in the racing career of CBTs.
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| 6. |
- Lundgren, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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Atos och de judiska flyktingarna
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atos, en vänbok. - 9789525705430 ; , s. 133-171
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den socialdemokratiske politikern och författaren Atos Wirtanen var under Finlands fortsättningskrig engagerad i att rädda de judiska flyktingar som fanns i Finland. Artikeln beskriver och analyserar detta engagemang och frågar sig vad det var som drev Wirtanen i denna kamp.
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| 7. |
- Rubér, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Th17-like cytokine pattern in gangrenous appendicitis but not in phlegmonous appendicitis
- 2010
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Ingår i: SURGERY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6060. ; 147:3, s. 366-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Increasing circumstantial evidence suggests that not all patients with appendicitis will progress to perforation and that appendicitis that resolves may be a common event. Based on this theory and on indications of aberrant regulation of inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis, we hypothesized that. phlegmonous and gangrenous appendicitis are different entities with divergent immunoregulation. Methods. Blood samples were collected from patients with gangrenous appendicitis (n = 16), phlegmonous appendicitis (n = 21), and nonspecific abdominal pain (n = 42). Using multiplex bead arrays, we analyzed a range of inflammatory markers, such as interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-1r beta, IL-2 IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, and IL-17; interferon-gamma; tumor necrosis factor; CXCL8; CCL2; CCL3; and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-13 in blood. Results. Compared with patients with phlegmonous appendicitis and nonspecific abdominal pain, the patients With gangrenous appendicitis had increased levels of the proinflammatory markers IL-6, CCL2, IL-17, MMP-8, and MMP-9 (P andlt;= .04 each) accompanied by increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra and IL-10 (P andlt;= .02). Patients with phlegmonous appendicitis had increased levels of IL-10 only. Conclusion. The finding of a pattern inflammatory markers compatible with the highly inflammatory A 17 subset in sera from, patients with gangrenous appendicitis, but not in phlegmonous appendicitis, supports the hypothesis that gangrenous and phlegmonous appendicitis are different entities with diver gent immune regulation. Additional studies of the differential immunopathogenesis of phlegmonous and gangrenous appendicitis are warranted, as this may have important implications in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspicion of appendicitis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sarlus, Zmar, et al.
(författare)
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Timing of plutonism in the Gällivare area : mplications for Proterozoic crustal development in the northern Norrbotten ore district, Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0016-7568 .- 1469-5081. ; 155:6, s. 1351-1376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zircon ion probe (secondary-ion mass spectrometry or SIMS) data from a set of intrusive rocks emplaced in the vicinity of major ore bodies, as well as from large igneous intrusions in the Gällivare area, gave the following results: (1) the Dundret ultramafic–mafic layered complex (1883±5 Ma), the Aitik granite (1883±5 Ma), the Nautanen diorite (1870±12 Ma), the Vassaravaara ultramafic–mafic layered complex (1798±4 Ma), the Aitik dolerite (1813±9 Ma), the Bergmästergruvan and Sikträsk syenites (1795±4 Ma and 1801±3 Ma, respectively) and the Naalojärvi granite (1782±5 Ma). These data broadly fall within the ranges 1.89–1.87 Ga (early Svecofennian) and 1.80–1.78 Ga (late Svecofennian), but geochronologically allow further subdivision into pulses at 1885–1880, 1875–1870, 1800 and 1780 Ma. During these events, large layered ultramafic–mafic and felsic plutonic rocks were generated with distinct overlap in time suggesting coeval felsic–mafic magmatism. Results also indicate the presence of inherited c. 1.87 Ga zircon crystals in the plutonic rocks at 1.78 Ga, supporting reworking of the previous crust. These data indicate the importance of mantle-derived mafic underplating in the process of crustal magma generation in the region. The c. 1.88 Ga event that generated ultramafic–mafic layered complexes is tentatively suggested to have played an important role in the formation of the Aitik Cu–Au porphyry system. The later event at c. 1.80 Ga, generating voluminous mafic–felsic units, is suggested to be coupled to the regional iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) overprint.
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| 10. |
- Sjöquist, Emma S., et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity Coaching of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Everyday Practice : A Long-term Follow-up
- 2011
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Ingår i: Musculoskeletal Care. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons. - 1478-2189 .- 1557-0681. ; 9:2, s. 75-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the long-term effects on perceived general health, disease activity, pain, activity limitation and cognitive behavioural factors of a one-year coaching programme performed in ordinary physical therapy practice to promote the adoption of health-enhancing physical activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).METHODS: A total of 228 patients with early RA, from 10 rheumatology clinics in Sweden, were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; n = 94) or a control group (CG; n = 134). The IG was coached by physical therapists during the first year to adopt health-enhancing levels of physical activity (30 minutes/day, moderately intensive, ≥ 4 days/week). No coaching was given during the subsequent year between post-intervention and follow-up. Follow-up assessment consisted of a postal questionnaire on physical activity and of visual analogue scales for ratings of general health perception and pain. The Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS 28) were collected at regular medical check-ups.RESULTS: Sixty-five (69%) participants in the IG and 92 (69%) in the CG completed the entire study period by filling in the follow-up questionnaire on physical activity two years after baseline. The intervention seemed to lack any significant influence on long-term outcome. However, different patterns of change in physical activity behaviour were observed in the two groups.CONCLUSIONS: No long-term improvement in perceived general health or other outcomes were found in the follow-up. This may partly be because the intervention lacked several important behavioural elements for physical activity maintenance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Völz, Sebastian, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Renal sympathetic denervation in Sweden : a report from the Swedish registry for renal denervation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 36:1, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Renal denervation (RDN) is a catheter-based intervention to treat patients with resistant hypertension. The biological effects of RDN are not fully understood, and randomized controlled trials have generated conflicting evidence. This report presents data from the Swedish Registry for Renal Denervation, an investigator-driven nationwide registry. Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of RDN on patients with resistant hypertension in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: This nationwide database contains patient characteristics, procedural details, and follow-up data on all RDN procedures performed in Sweden. Consecutive procedures between 2011 and 2015 were included. Results: The data analysis consists of 252 patients (mean age 61 +/- 10 years, 38% women; mean 4.5 +/- 1.5 antihypertensive drugs). Office SBP and DBP and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) decreased 6 months after RDN (176 +/- 23/97 +/- 17 to 161 +/- 26/91 +/- 16 mmHg, both P<0.001; and 155 +/- 17/89 +/- 14 to 147 +/- 18/82 +/- 12 mmHg, both P<0.001). Significant office and ambulatory BP reductions persisted throughout the observation period of 36 months. Major procedure-related vascular complications occurred in four patients. Renal function and number of antihypertensive drugs were unchanged during follow-up. Conclusion: In this complete national cohort, RDN was associated with a sustained reduction in office and ambulatory BP in patients with resistant hypertension. The procedure proved to be feasible and associated with a low-complication rate, including long-term adverse events.
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| 13. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 14. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 15. |
- Alecrim, Viviane, et al.
(författare)
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Exfoliated Layered Materials for Digital Fabrication
- 2015
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Ingår i: NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference. ; , s. 192-194
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduced an exfoliation method of MoS2 in a 3% solution of sodium dodecyl surfactant at high concentration (i.e. 2 g/L). The bulk MoS2 was thinned by mechanical exfoliation between sand papers and the resulting powder was used to prepare dispersions by liquid exfoliation through probe sonication. The resulting dispersion consisted of very thin MoS2 nanosheets in surfactant solution with average lateral size around 126 nm. This may be interesting for applications in inkjet printed electronics.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Alkner, Björn, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of postoperative pneumatic compression after volar plate fixation of distal radial fractures: a randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1753-1934 .- 2043-6289. ; 43:8, s. 825-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the difference between postoperative rehabilitation with or without adjunctive intermittent pneumatic compression therapy following distal radial fracture treated with volar plating. A total of 115 patients were randomized to a control or to an experimental group. After 4 weeks of immobilization the experimental group received intermittent pneumatic compression therapy in addition to conventional postoperative rehabilitation. Primary outcome up to 1 year postoperatively was assessed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. No significant differences between groups were found. There were no clinically relevant differences regarding the secondary outcome measures swelling, strength, pain and flexibility. We conclude that postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression treatment had no major benefits. The results of the present study do not support general use of intermittent pneumatic compression initiated 4 weeks following volar plating surgery for distal radial fracture. Level of evidence: I
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Alm, Anita, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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BMI status in Swedish children and young adults in relation to caries prevalence.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 35:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overweight and obesity are increasing as health problems at global level. Dental caries and obesity are both multifactorial diseases and are associated with dietary habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body weight status and caries prevalence in an unselected population followed from pre-school years to young adulthood. The present investigation was designed as a longitudinal analysis of the association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in one population at 3, 6, 15 and 20 years of age. The result shows that adolescents (15 years) and young adults (20 years) who are overweight/obese had a statistically significantly higher caries prevalence than normal-weight young people. At 6 years of age, the odds (OR) of having caries among obese children are 2.5 times higher than the odds for caries among six-year-old children of normal weight (p = 0.04). At 3 years of age, no association between overweight/obesity and caries was found. To conclude, overweight and obese adolescents and young adults had more caries than normal-weight individuals. The present study emphasises the need for multidisciplinary approaches to change the lifestyle factors causing both overweight/obesity and dental caries.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Andelid, Kristina, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease: a link to bacterial colonization?
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1178-2005. ; 10, s. 689-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined whether systemic cytokine signaling via interleukin (IL)-17 and growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) is impaired in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). We also examined how this systemic cytokine signaling relates to bacterial colonization in the airways of the smokers with OPD-CB. Currently smoking OPD-CB patients (n=60, corresponding to Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [ GOLD] stage I-IV) underwent recurrent blood and sputum sampling over 60 weeks, during stable conditions and at exacerbations. We characterized cytokine protein concentrations in blood and bacterial growth in sputum. Asymptomatic smokers (n=10) and never-smokers (n=10) were included as control groups. During stable clinical conditions, the protein concentrations of IL-17 and GRO-alpha were markedly lower among OPD-CB patients compared with never-smoker controls, whereas the asymptomatic smoker controls displayed intermediate concentrations. Notably, among OPD-CB patients, colonization by opportunistic pathogens was associated with markedly lower IL-17 and GRO-alpha, compared with colonization by common respiratory pathogens or oropharyngeal flora. During exacerbations in the OPD-CB patients, GRO-alpha and neutrophil concentrations were increased, whereas protein concentrations and messenger RNA for IL-17 were not detectable in a reproducible manner. In smokers with OPD-CB, systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 and GRO-alpha is impaired and this alteration may be linked to colonization by opportunistic pathogens in the airways. Given the potential pathogenic and therapeutic implications, these findings deserve to be validated in new and larger patient cohorts.
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| 22. |
- Andelid, Kristina, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic signs of neutrophil mobilization during clinically stable periods and during exacerbations in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1178-2005. ; 10, s. 1253-1263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is still unclear whether signs of neutrophil mobilization in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease represent true systemic events and how these relate to bacterial colonization in the airways. In this study, we evaluated these issues during clinically stable periods and during exacerbations in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). Methods: Over a period of 60 weeks for each subject, blood samples were repeatedly collected from 60 smokers with OPD-CB during clinically stable periods, as well as during and after exacerbations. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) protein and mRNA, growth of bacteria in sputum, and clinical parameters were analyzed. Ten asymptomatic smokers and ten never-smokers were included as controls. Results: We found that, during clinically stable periods, neutrophil and NE protein concentrations were increased in smokers with OPD-CB and in the asymptomatic smokers when compared with never-smokers. During exacerbations, neutrophil and MPO protein concentrations were further increased in smokers with OPD-CB, without a detectable increase in the corresponding mRNA during exacerbations. However, MPO and NE protein and mRNA displayed positive correlations. During exacerbations, only increased neutrophil concentrations were associated with growth of bacteria in sputum. Among patients with low transcutaneous oxygen saturation during exacerbations, PaO2 (partial oxygen pressure) correlated with concentrations of MPO and NE protein and neutrophils in a negative manner. Conclusion: There are signs of systemic neutrophil mobilization during clinically stable periods and even more so during exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this condition, MPO and NE may share a cellular origin, but its location remains uncertain. Factors other than local bacteria, including hypoxemia, may be important for driving systemic signs of neutrophil mobilization.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Anterior and posterior ERP rhyming effects in 3- to 5-year-old children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. - : Elsevier. - 1878-9293 .- 1878-9307. ; 30, s. 178-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During early literacy skills development, rhyming is an important indicator of the phonological precursors required for reading. To determine if neural signatures of rhyming are apparent in early childhood, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 3- to 5-year-old, preliterate children (N = 62) in an auditory prime-target nonword rhyming paradigm (e.g., bly-gry, blane-vox). Overall, nonrhyming targets elicited a larger negativity (N450) than rhyming targets over posterior regions. In contrast, rhyming targets elicited a larger negativity than nonrhyming targets over fronto-lateral sites. The amplitude of the two rhyming effects was correlated, such that a larger posterior effect occurred with a smaller anterior effect. To determine whether these neural signatures of rhyming related to phonological awareness, we divided the children into two groups based on phonological awareness scores while controlling for age and socioeconomic status. The posterior rhyming effect was stronger and more widely distributed in the group with better phonological awareness, whereas differences between groups for the anterior effect were small and not significant. This pattern of results suggests that the rhyme processes indexed by the anterior effect are developmental precursors to those indexed by the posterior effect. Overall, these findings demonstrate early establishment of distributed neurocognitive networks for rhyme processing.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of age of acquisition (AoA) and proficiency on processing of syntax in 6- to 8-year old monolingual and bilingual children : an ERP study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Society for the Neurobiology of Language. - Amsterdam : Society for the Neurobiology of Language. ; , s. 216-216, s. 84-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though language proficiency in children is strongly related to success in almost all domains, neurocognitive studies of L2 processing are typically limited to adults with several years of exposure, who may use general cognitive mechanisms to compensate for any difficulties in L2 processing. For example, whereas previous studies of adult bilinguals have reported differences in the anterior negativity elicited by syntactic violations with delays in exposure to English of less than 3 years (Weber-Fox & Neville, 1996) a precursor to the anterior negativity has been reported in monolingual children as young as 2.5 years of age (Oberecker, et al., 2005). In the current ERP study, processing of English phrase structure was explored in 6- to 8-year old monolingual and bilingual children who acquired English as a second language around 4 years of age. Monolingual children of higher proficiency displayed relatively mature processing of phrase structure violations as indicated by a left anterior negativity over lateral sites and a posterior positivity. High-proficiency bilingual children tended to display a medial anterior negativity and a posterior positivity. The difference in distribution of the anterior effect across groups could only be explained by AoA. However, lower proficiency affected the posterior ERP effect and amplitude of the anterior effects in response to syntactic violations. These results suggest that the more automatic syntactic processing in children is affected by AoA while more controlled, metalinguistic processing may be related to language proficiency.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Harness mobility : Managing the off-task property
- 2010
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Ingår i: DESRIST 2010: The 5th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology 2010, in St Gallen, Switzerland. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; 6105, s. 258-269, s. 258-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technological advancements in mobile computing and wireless networks open up to new applications and new user-groups in the mobile workforce. However, a considerable part of the mobile workforce, such as e.g. drivers or healthcare staff, is chiefly performing other tasks than interacting with their computers. As a result, they are not able to pay attention to computer interaction, making them mainly off computer tasks. The aim of the paper is to develop a design theory to manage off-task situations in mobile computing. Interviews were performed with developers of an information system comprising mobile devices for drivers. From the interviews, a design of an artifact and a design theory based on a strategy to automate routine administration task using place awareness is presented. The eight components of IS design theory by Gregor and Jones is applied as a theoretical framework.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
-
Att organisera marknader : slutrapport från ett forskningsprogram
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskningsprogrammet ”Att organisera marknader” har drivits vid Stockholms centrum för forskning om offentlig sektor (Score) och finansierats av Riksbankens Jubileumsfond. I denna bok redovisar vi några resultat från programmet. Boken bygger på ett stort antal böcker och artiklar vilka anges i slutet av boken. En fullständig förteckning av alla de publikationer som programmet hittills gett upphov till finns att tillgå på rj.se. Denna bok har flera författare förutom undertecknad: Susanna Alexius, Catrin Andersson, Patrik Aspers, Christina Garsten, Magnus Erlandsson, Kristoffer Strandqvist, Göran Sundström och Kristina Tamm Hallström. Samtliga är verksamma som forskare vid Score.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Drinking context and problematic alcohol consumption in young Swedish women : Drinking context and problematic alcohol consumption
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Addiction Research and Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 21:6, s. 457-468
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has indicated that a variety of contextual factors are involved in the development of drinking behavior. An integrated perspective can extend our understanding of the context and circumstances in which individuals drink. In this study, a person-oriented approach, cluster analysis, was used to identify drinking context clusters in a population of 20- and 25-year-old Swedish women. A further aim was to analyze how these clusters were associated with problematic alcohol consumption (high episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use disorder (AUD)). A total of 760 respondents were interviewed, some in 1996 and some in 2001. Self-reported effects of drinking and situational factors associated with drinking alcohol were used in the cluster analysis procedure. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations with problematic alcohol consumption. The results revealed four distinct clusters of drinking patterns: coping drinkers, social drinkers, controlled drinkers, and moderate drinkers. Differences between clusters concerning problematic alcohol consumption were found. HED was significantly more common among the social drinkers and alcohol use disorder was more prevalent among the coping drinkers. Age differences and to a lesser extent secular trends in drinking pattern could be observed. The findings suggest that information on drinking context can help to explain differences in patterns of risky drinking and AUD. This highlights the importance of identifying groups of individuals with potentially harmful drinking patterns, which could be the target of specific preventive actions.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1955
(författare)
-
Kvinnors alkoholkonsumtion
- 2010
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Ingår i: Riskbruk, missbruk, beroende. Insatser, forskning och fortbildning i Västra Götaland. - Göteborg : Forskningsrådet för missbruks och beroendefrågor. - 9789163361692 ; , s. 146-152
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1974-
(författare)
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Med en examen från Karlstads universitet : Alumner inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap 2016
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 2008 samlar Fakulteten för Humaniora och Samhällsvetenskap, tidigare Fakulteten för Ekonomi, Kommunikation och IT, vid Karlstads universitet in information om fakultetens utbildningar från alumner. Informationen samlas in årligen efter ett rullande schema. Syftet är att utvärdera fakultetens utbildningar samt att ta fram ett underlag för fortsatt kvalitetsutveckling av program och kurser. Målsättningen är att förbättra och vidareutveckla program och kurser.I rapporten redovisas resultat från enkäter till alumner som har studerat på programmen:KulturvetenskapMedier och kommunikation - kommunikation och globala medierMedier och kommunikation - visuell kommunikation och designWebb och multimediaPolitices kandidat (Pol kand)Vård- och stödsamordnarprogrammetMagister/Mastersprogram i marknadsföringMagister/Mastersprogram i redovisning och styrningMagister/Mastersprogram i Service ManagementMagisterprogram i rättsvetenskapMagister/Mastersprogram i utbildningsledning och skolutvecklingMastersprogram i vård- och stödsamordningSpecialläraremed examen i huvudsak från 2013, 2014 och 2015.
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1974-
(författare)
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Med en examen från Karlstads universitet : Alumner inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap 2015
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 2008 samlar Fakulteten för Humaniora och Samhällsvetenskap, tidigare Fakulteten för Ekonomi, Kommunikation och IT, vid Karlstads universitet in information om fakultetens utbildningar från alumner. Informationen samlas in årligen efter ett rullande schema. Syftet är att utvärdera fakultetens utbildningar samt att ta fram ett underlag för fortsatt kvalitetsutveckling av program och kurser. Målsättningen är att förbättra och vidareutveckla program och kurser.I rapporten redovisas resultat från enkäter till alumner som har studerat på programmen:FastighetsekonomiInformationsprogrammet/Information och PRIT, projektledning och affärssystemPersonal och arbetslivSocionomprogrammetTurismprogrammetMagister i skatterätt och ekonomiMaster i globala mediestudier MatematikekonomiprogrammetRättsvetenskapligt programMagister/Master i regionalt samhällsbyggandeMaster i informatikmed examen i huvudsak från åren 2011, 2012 och 2013.
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1974-
(författare)
-
Med en examen från Karlstads universitet : Alumner inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap 2014
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 2008 samlar Fakulteten för Humaniora och Samhällsvetenskap, tidigare Fakulteten för Ekonomi, Kommunikation och IT, vid Karlstads universitet in information om fakultetens utbildningar från alumner. Informationen samlas in årligen efter ett rullande schema. Syftet är att utvärdera fakultetens utbildningar samt att ta fram ett underlag för fortsatt kvalitetsutveckling av program och kurser. Målsättningen är att förbättra och vidareutveckla program och kurser.I rapporten redovisas resultat från enkäter till alumner som har studerat på programmen:EkonomprogrammetMagisterprogrammet i ProjektledningProgrammet i IT-DesignMagisterprogrammet i ArbetsvetenskapMagisterprogrammet i NationalekonomiSamhällsplanerarprogrammetmed examen i huvudsak från åren 2010, 2011 och 2012.
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1974-
(författare)
-
Med en examen från Karlstads universitet : Alumner inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap 2017
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 2008 samlar Fakulteten för Humaniora och Samhällsvetenskap, tidigare Fakulteten för Ekonomi, Kommunikation och IT, vid Karlstads universitet in information om fakultetens utbildningar från alumner. Informationen samlas in årligen efter ett rullande schema. Syftet är att utvärdera fakultetens utbildningar samt att ta fram ett underlag för fortsatt kvalitetsutveckling av program och kurser. Målsättningen är att förbättra och vidareutveckla program och kurser.I rapporten redovisas resultat från enkäter till alumner som har studerat på programmen:Musiklärarprogrammetregistrerade på kursen MUGL01 2009-2011Programmet i IT-DesignSamhällsplanerarprogrammetMagisterprogrammet i ArbetsvetenskapMagisterprogrammet i NationalekonomiMagisterprogrammet i ProjektledningMasterprogrammen inom Samhällsvetenskap med examen i huvudsak från 2013, 2014 och 2015.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1974-
(författare)
-
Med en examen från Karlstads universitet : Alumner inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap 2018
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 2008 samlar Fakulteten för Humaniora och Samhällsvetenskap, tidigare Fakulteten för Ekonomi, Kommunikation och IT, vid Karlstads universitet in information om fakultetens utbildningar från alumner. Informationen samlas in årligen efter ett rullande schema. Syftet är att utvärdera fakultetens utbildningar samt att ta fram ett underlag för fortsatt kvalitetsutveckling av program och kurser. Målsättningen är att förbättra och vidareutveckla program och kurser.I rapporten redovisas resultat från enkäter till alumner som har studerat på programmenCivilekonomprogrammetFastighetsekonomiprogrammetProgrammet IT, projektledning och affärssystemProgrammet Kommunikation och PR /Information och PRProgrammet Personal- och arbetslivRättsvetenskapligt programProgrammet Samhällsanalytiker - inriktning organiseringSocionomprogrammetTurismprogrammetMagisterprogrammet i skatterättMagister/Masterprogrammet i regionalt samhällsbyggandeMasterprogrammet i informatik.med examen i huvudsak från åren 2014, 2015 och 2016.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1955
(författare)
-
Women's alcohol and drug use. Risk indicators from everyday life
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore how various aspects of everyday life, measured using self-reported experiences from childhood, adolescence and adulthood were associated with alcohol and drug use in a population-based sample of Swedish women. Methods: The thesis is based on data from the “Women and Alcohol in Gothenburg” project, a Swedish three-wave longitudinal, population-based, multi-purpose study. Three of the studies included women 20 and 25 years old when interviewed; and the sample sizes were 946 and 760, respectively. The fourth study included 851 women 20-55 years old. Studies I and II focused on the associations between the independent variables early risk indicators, socio-demographic factors, alcohol use, smoking, psychiatric illness and the dependent variables illicit and licit drug use. In Studies III and IV cluster analysis was used to identify clusters based on variables measuring patterns of drinking context and patterns of everyday occupations. The patterns of everyday occupations were defined as employment status, household work, leisure activities, time for free disposal and satisfaction with each domain. Drinking context was operationalised with questions on where and with whom the drinking occurred, together with questions on self-reported effects of drinking. Further, the associations between identified clusters and problematic alcohol consumption were analyzed. All four studies were based on cross-sectional analyses. Results: Significant associations regarding early risk indicators and drug use were found; to some extent these were different for occasional use and more frequent use. Early alcohol debut and behavioral factors were related to all three drug use patterns, whereas family factors were associated with occasional use and with more frequent use of illicit and licit drugs. Frequent use of both illicit and licit drugs was also associated with a history of eating problems. Problematic alcohol consumption, smoking and psychiatric illness were significantly associated with illicit and licit drug use; with the strongest associations found for illicit drug use among the 20-year-old women. Cluster analysis identified distinct groups with respect to the investigated patterns. Concerning drinking context patterns, the cluster characterized with coping effects of drinking, frequent drinking in different settings but also solitary drinking, was significantly associated with alcohol use disorder and high alcohol consumption. High episodic drinking was more common in the cluster reporting frequent drinking together with social effects such as becoming less shy or having more fun. Problematic alcohol consumption was more common in clusters characterized with varied or low engagement in leisure activities in combination with a large amount of spare time. Conclusions: The strong associations between illicit and licit drug use, alcohol consumption, smoking, and psychiatric illness point to a higher risk for developing any or several of these problems once one of these habits has been established. The results also underline the importance of identifying groups of individuals with different drinking patterns and with different patterns of everyday occupations. As a complement to variable analysis, investigating such patterns may provide new options for preventive actions as opposed to focusing on specific risk factors.
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Women's patterns of everyday occupations and alcohol consumption : Everyday occupations and alcohol consumption
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 19:3, s. 225-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies on women's health and drinking and the contemporary associated risk factors, have highlighted the need for more complex approaches in understanding the pathways into women's problem drinking. Research, from both social science and from occupational therapy models, has underlined the importance of deconstructing the often dichotomized way of investigating women's daily lives (such as in paid and unpaid work or in work and leisure) when discussing factors from the daily life environment and their impact on health issues. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between women's patterns of everyday occupation and alcohol consumption using the broader concept of occupation from occupational therapy models. This was a cross-sectional study from the latest wave (2000) of a population-based project, Women and Alcohol in Gothenburg (WAG). The study group consisted of 851 women, aged 20-55 years. Using an individually oriented method, two-step clustering, three distinct patterns of everyday occupations were identified. Significant associations with problematic alcohol consumption were found in the clusters, characterized by lower engagement in leisure activities and a larger amount of spare time. The need for new preventive approaches, including investigating the importance of having engaging leisure activities, is discussed.
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| 39. |
- Andersson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Women's patterns of everyday occupations and alcohol consumption
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 19:3, s. 225-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies on women's health and drinking and the contemporary associated risk factors have highlighted the need for more complex approaches in understanding the pathways into women's problem drinking. Research, from both social science and from occupational therapy models, has underlined the importance of deconstructing the often dichotomized way of investigating women's daily lives (such as in paid and unpaid work or in work and leisure) when discussing factors from the daily life environment and their impact on health issues. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between women's patterns of everyday occupation and alcohol consumption using the broader concept of occupation from occupational therapy models. This was a cross-sectional study from the latest wave (2000) of a population-based project, Women and Alcohol in Gothenburg (WAG). The study group consisted of 851 women, aged 20-55 years. Using an individually oriented method, two-step clustering, three distinct patterns of everyday occupations were identified. Significant associations with problematic alcohol consumption were found in the clusters, characterized by lower engagement in leisure activities and a larger amount of spare time. The need for new preventive approaches, including investigating the importance of having engaging leisure activities, is discussed.
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression profiling of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors identifies subgroups with clinical relevance, prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Modern Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0893-3952 .- 1530-0285. ; 29:6, s. 616-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We wanted to define the transcriptome of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors in order to identify clinically relevant subgroups of tumors, prognostic markers and novel targets for treatment. Genome-wide expression profiling was conducted on tumor biopsies from 33 patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the distal ileum and metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis identified three groups of tumors. The largest group, comprising half of the tumors, was characterized by longer patient survival and higher expression of neuroendocrine markers, including SSTR2. Tumors with higher grade (G2/3) or gain of chromosome 14 were associated with shorter patient survival and increased expression of cell cycle-promoting genes. Pathway analysis predicted the prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) as the most significantly activated regulator in tumors of higher grade, whereas Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was the most significantly activated regulator in tumors with gain of chromosome 14. Druggable genes identified from expression profiles included clinically proven SSTR2 and also novel targets, for example, receptor tyrosine kinases (RET, FGFR1/3, PDGFRB and FLT1), epigenetic regulators, molecular chaperones and signal transduction molecules. Evaluation of candidate drug targets on neuroendocrine tumors cells (GOT1) showed significant inhibition of tumor cell growth after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or inhibitors of HDAC, HSP90 and AKT. In conclusion, we have defined the transcriptome of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and identified novel subgroups with clinical relevance. We found specific gene expression patterns associated with tumor grade and chromosomal alterations. Our data also suggest novel prognostic biomarkers and therapies for these patients.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1962-
(författare)
-
Förutsättningar för elevinflytande i grundsärskolan : Tillit, lyhördhet och vilja
- 2017
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The curricula that defines special needs education in Swedish grammar schools states that students with intellectual disabilities should be given the possibility to participate in the planning and shaping of teaching and learning activities. The purpose of the study is to examine conditions regarding special needs students’ influence and how this influence is mediated. The focus of the study is subject based classroom situations. The method for collecting data has been observations. The empirical data consists of around 16 hours of video recordings, in addition to field notes. The observations took place in two special schools and all together 10 pupils, 5 teachers, and two student assistants participated. The theoretical framework is based on sociocultural theory with a specific focus on mediation. By using the theoretical terms object and subject positioning, the study also focuses on how teachers and students position themselves and each other. The results show that the students with intellectual disabilities are given opportunities for influence, but not very frequently. The most important mediating factors to promote influence are the teachers´ trust in the students´ abilities and skills, and the teacher’s keen responsiveness to the students’ expressed personal will. Influence is mediated both through the possibilities of participation that teachers offer, and the teachers’ affirmation of the students’ requests. Furthermore, the study shows that students are more likely to gain influence in one-to-one meetings with the teacher, where the focus is on the student’s individual interests and preferences. In order to provide increased levels of influence to all students with intellectual disabilities, teachers need to plan the education with focus on democratic processes.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Elin, 1977-
(författare)
-
Responsiones Vadstenenses : Perspectives on the Birgittine Rule in Two Texts from Vadstena and Syon Abbey. A Critical Edition with Translation and Introduction
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syon Abbey, established as the first Birgittine monastery in England in 1415, quite soon became a powerful institution within the order. Although often asserting their own conceptions of the Rule, the English Birgittines still sought the advice of Vadstena, their mother house, when it came to certain important matters concerning monastic life. The present work contains editions of two Latin texts: Responsiones, a document consisting of 175 questions and answers on the Birgittine Rule and daily life in the monastery, and Collacio, a sermon reflecting similar matters. The first part of the Responsiones consists of answers to five questions, sent from Syon to Sweden by letter. An important issue concerns the leadership in the monastery and the role of the Birgittine brothers. Were they to be seen as monks, living in their own monastery, or as religious assistans to the sisters? The second part was written as a direct result of two English brothers visiting Vadstena in 1427 and contains 170 questions and answers dealing with various matters of importance: how to interpret certain Birgittine texts, regulations on food, silence and speech as well as questions on preaching, liturgy and introduction into the monastery. The Collacio, in the manuscript said to have been presented to the Swedish community, was probably written by Syon’s conservator, the Benedictine abbot John Whethamstede of St Albans. Written in a highly metaphorical language rich in references to the Bible and Classical authors, the message to the Birgittine order is clear: first, it is wrong to have two leaders (confessor general as well as abbess) in one community; second, the Birgittines should strive to dispose of later additions and explanations and seek the original and true intentions of the foundress, Saint Birgitta. The thesis contains an introduction, editions with translations, glossary, indices, bibliography and plates.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
-
Therapeutic alliance in guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 50:9, s. 544-550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) has been found to be effective in several controlled trials, but the mechanisms of change are largely unknown. Therapeutic alliance is a factor that has been studied in many psychotherapy trials, but the role of therapeutic alliance in ICBT is less well known. The present study investigated early alliance ratings in three separate samples. Participants from one sample of depressed individuals (N = 49), one sample of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (N = 35), and one sample with social anxiety disorder (N = 90) completed the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) modified for ICBT early in the treatment (weeks 3-4) when they took part in guided ICBT for their conditions. Results showed that alliance ratings were high in all three samples and that the WAI including the subscales of Task, Goal and Bond had high internal consistencies. Overall, correlations between the WAI and residualized change scores on the primary outcome measures were small and not statistically significant. We conclude that even if alliance ratings are in line with face-to-face studies, therapeutic alliance as measured by the WAI is probably less important in ICBT than in regular face-to-face psychotherapy.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of nursing staff caring for patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Nursing Review. - Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd. - 0020-8132 .- 1466-7657. ; 63:2, s. 233-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a resistant variant of S. aureus and can cause pneumonia, septicaemia and, in some cases, death. Caring for patients with antibiotic resistant bacteria is a challenge for healthcare personnel. There is a risk of spreading the bacteria among patients and of healthcare personnel being infected themselves.AIM: To describe nursing staffs' experiences of caring for patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus in Sweden.METHOD: A descriptive qualitative approach was used and 15 nurses from different hospitals and care units, including emergency and geriatric wards and nursing homes in Stockholm, were interviewed. All nurses had been involved in the care of patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, but not on a regular basis. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FINDINGS: Three themes emerged from the data: feeling ignorant, afraid and insecure, feeling competent and secure and feeling stressed and overworked. The more knowledge the nurses acquired about methicillin-resistant S. aureus, the more positive was their attitude to caring for these patients.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Caring for patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus without adequate knowledge of how to protect oneself and other patients against transmission may provoke anxiety among personnel. Guidelines, memos and adequate information at the right time are of central importance. Healthcare personnel must feel safe in their role as caregivers. All patients have the right to have the same quality of care regardless of the diagnosis and a lack of knowledge influences the level of care given.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: This study demonstrates the importance of education when caring for patients with infectious diseases. Hopefully, knowledge gained from our study can provide guidance for future health care when new diseases and infections occur.
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| 45. |
- Andersson, Helene
(författare)
-
MRSA and other resistant bacteria : prevalence, patient and staff experiences, wounds and infection control
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance has become a major and serious global problem in healthcare. Limited treatment options for infections caused by these organisms can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Sweden has a low prevalence of antibiotic resistance compared to most other countries but this presents an increasing problem for society and healthcare even in Sweden. The overall aim of this thesis was to illuminate potential problems related to antibiotic resistance from different perspectives: assessing the prevalence of resistant bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) or other resistant bacteria, and associated wound types, patient and health staff experiences when confronted with resistant bacteria infection, and the occurrence of such infections in the nursing home environment. In the first study a total of 2172 patients admitted to hospital or as out-patient visit at a University hospital during one day were examined with the purpose to identify all wounds, wound types and wound characteristics, and to identify bacteria in all wounds, particularly MRSA, VRE and multi-resistant Gramnegative rods. Four hundred and eight (19%) patients had a total of 668 wounds. Of these, 248 wounds, from 216 patients were cultured. Two unknown MRSA-patients were identified. No patient with VRE was found and there was a low prevalence of other multi-resistant bacteria. In the second study fifteen patients with MRSA infected wounds were interviewed. The aim was to ascertain and describe patients’ knowledge, perceptions and experiences of being MRSA-positive. The interviews were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. From the analysis three categories and one overall theme were identified. Results showed that information about the MRSA diagnosis often caused a shock-like reaction. The patients’ perception of being MRSA-positive was that it was stigmatizing like the plague or leprosy; they felt dirty and a severe threat to their environment. Fears of infecting someone else and being rejected were commonly expressed. Knowledge and empathy from staff involved in their care was crucial to optimise patients’ experiences. Staff’s needs of education to meet patients’ demands for information, and to prevent spread of antibiotic contamination was essential. In the third study eight nurses and seven assistant nurses from different hospital wards and nursing homes were interviewed regarding their experiences of caring for MRSA-positive patients. Qualitative content analysis was carried out when analysing the data and three themes were identified during the process. Stress and too high workload were factors which were described to cause concerns in the caring situation. A major concern was that nurses felt at risk of becoming infected themselves and then transmitting the infection to other patients and to family members. Knowledge and ignorance about MRSA affected the nurses’ caring; ignorance made them afraid and insecure while knowledge and understanding shaped confidence in their role as caregivers. In the fourth study 560 residents in a total of 67 wards, in nine nursing homes were investigated for prevalence of MRSA, VRE and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - producing Enterobacteriaceae and if carriage of resistant bacteria was related to antibiotic treatment, other risk factors and/or staff´s adherence to guidelines for infection control. In all 296 staff members were interviewed and observed. No resident was positive for MRSA or VRE. Fifteen residents were found to be ESBL-positive. Usage of antibiotics was higher in wards where ESBL-positive residents were detected and there was an indication that there was transmission of ESBL between residents. Staff´s adherence to infection control guidelines sometimes revealed shortcomings but no significant difference regarding adherence to the guidelines could be found. In conclusion: Prevalence of MRSA appears low in both hospitalized patients, out-patients and nursing home residents. Adherence to infection control guidelines among healthcare staff, however, needs further improvement. MRSA colonized patients experienced psychological pressure and stigmatization. Knowledge and empathy from staff involved in their care is crucial to optimise patients’ experiences. Staff education to meet patients' demands for information and the prevention of contamination is essential
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| 46. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
MRSA - global threat and personal disaster : Patients' experiences
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Nursing Review. - : Wiley. - 0020-8132 .- 1466-7657. ; 58:1, s. 47-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ANDERSSON H., LINDHOLM C. & FOSSUM B. (2011) MRSA - global threat and personal disaster: patients' experiences. International Nursing Review58, 47-53 Aim: To ascertain and describe the patients' knowledge, perceptions and experiences of being methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) positive. Background: Antibiotic resistant bacteria are a serious global threat. MRSA can cause wound infection, pneumonia, septicaemia and mortality. This qualitative study has focused on patients' experiences of living with MRSA. Methods: Fifteen patients with MRSA-infected wounds were interviewed. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to content analysis. Findings: Information about the MRSA diagnosis often caused a shock-like reaction. Patients' perception of being MRSA positive was stigmatizing as plague or leprosy; they felt dirty and felt that they were a severe threat to their environment. Fears of infecting someone else and being rejected were commonly expressed. The key findings emerged as a theme: Being exposed to others' shortcomings and being a threat to others' health. Three categories were identified: understanding and emotional reactions, treatment by the healthcare professionals and consequences and expectations. Gaps in both patient and staff knowledge of MRSA led to unnecessary misunderstandings, causing fear, social isolation and suffering. Conclusions: Living with MRSA can be extremely stressful for the patients. Knowledge and empathy from staff involved in their care is crucial to optimize patients' experiences. Staff education to meet patients' demand for information and prevent contamination is essential.
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| 47. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Orexin A Phosphorylates the gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor beta(2) Subunit on a Serine Residue and Changes the Surface Expression of the Receptor in SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Propofol
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 93:11, s. 1748-1755
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propofol activates the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA(A)R) and causes a reversible neurite retraction, leaving a thin, thread-like structure behind; it also reverses the transport of vesicles in rat cortical neurons. The awakening peptide orexin A (OA) inhibits this retraction via phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase CE (PKCE). The human SH-SY5Y cells express both GABA(A)Rs and orexin 1 and 2 receptors. These cells are used to examine the interaction between OA and the GABAAR. The effects of OA are studied with flow cytometry and immunoblotting. This study shows that OA stimulates phosphorylation on the serine residues of the GABA(A)R beta(2) subunit and that the phosphorylation is caused by the activation of PLD and PKCE. OA administration followed by propofol reduces the cell surface expression of the GABA(A)R, whereas propofol stimulation before OA increases the surface expression. The GABA(A)R beta(2) subunit is important for receptor recirculation, and the effect of OA on propofol-stimulated cells may be due to a disturbed recirculation of the GABA(A)R. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in residents of nursing homes in a Swedish municipality : healthcare staff knowledge of and adherence to principles of basic infection prevention
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 44:9, s. 641-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in residents living in Swedish nursing homes, and if carriage of resistant bacteria was related to antibiotic treatment, other risk factors, and/or staff's adherence to guidelines for infection control. Methods: Five hundred and sixty residents from 9 nursing homes on a total of 67 wards participated in the study and had microbiological cultures taken. Faecal samples were obtained from 495 residents (88.3%). ESBL-positive residents were followed for 2 y with repeated sampling. Two hundred and ninety-six staff members were interviewed and observed regarding familiarity with and adherence to infection control guidelines. Results: No resident was positive for MRSA or VRE. Fifteen of the residents were found to be ESBL-positive. Residents living on wards where ESBL-positive residents were identified had been treated more frequently with antibiotics (42%), compared to those on wards where no residents with ESBL were found (28%; p = 0.02). ESBL-positive Escherichia coli isolates from residents living in adjacent rooms were found to be closely genetically related when analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, indicating transmission between residents. Staff adherence to infection control guidelines sometimes revealed shortcomings, but no significant differences regarding compliance to the guidelines could be found. Conclusion: Carriage of resistant bacteria was uncommon and only ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified in Swedish nursing homes. Usage of antibiotics was higher on wards where ESBL-positive residents were detected and there was an indication of transmission of ESBL between residents.
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| 49. |
- Andersson, Heléne, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Trauma-induced reactive gliosis is reduced after treatment with octanol and carbenoxolone
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neurological research. - 0161-6412. ; 33:6, s. 614-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reactive gliosis and scar formation after brain injury can inhibit the recovery process. As many glial cells utilize gap junctions for intercellular signaling, this study investigated whether two commonly used gap junction blockers, octanol and carbenoxolone, could attenuate reactive gliosis following a minor traumatic brain injury. Methods: Octanol (710 mg/kg) or carbenoxolone (90 mg/kg) was administered 30 minutes before or after a needle track injury in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. To mark dividing cells, animals were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally two times per day, 8 hours apart and killed 2 days later. Immunohistochemistry for BrdU and markers for reactive glial cells [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ED1, and NG2] were investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blot techniques. Results: Two days after injury, increased cellular proliferation, activated astrocytes and microglia, and upregulation of NG2 expression were observed surrounding the injury site. Octanol and carbenoxolone administrated prior to injury significantly decreased cell proliferation by 60 and 70% respectively. The distance of GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes from the wound margin was decreased by 32 and 18% when octanol was administrated prior to or post injury respectively. Treatment with octanol also decreased the number of reactive microglia by 55% and, when administrated prior to injury, octanol reduced the distance of NG2 expression from the wound by 48%. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that two important components of reactive gliosis, cellular activation and proliferation, can be attenuated by octanol and carbenoxolone.
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| 50. |
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