| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of an internet-based booster program for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder : Results from a randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3649 .- 2211-3657. ; 4, s. 14-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for OCD when delivered face-to-face, in group-format and also via the internet. However, despite overall large effect sizes, a considerable amount of the patients relapse. One intervention that has the potential to reduce these relapse rates is booster programs, but if booster program is a cost-effective method of preventing relapse is still unknown. We used health economical data from a recent randomized controlled trial, where patients who had undergone an internet-based CBT were randomly allocated to receive an additional booster program. Assessment points were 4-, 7-, 12- and 24-month. Health economical data were primarily analyzed using a societal perspective. Results showed that the booster program was effective in preventing relapse, and the cost of one avoided relapse was estimated to $1066-1489. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that the booster program had a 90% probability of being cost-effective given a willingness to pay of $1000-1050 the first year, but this figure grew considerably after two years ($2500-5500). We conclude that internet-based booster programs are probably a cost-effective alternative within one-year time frame and that more treatment may be needed to maintain adequate cost-effectiveness up to two years. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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d-Cycloserine vs Placebo as Adjunct to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Interaction With Antidepressants A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 72:7, s. 659-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE It is unclear whether D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist that enhances fear extinction, can augment the effects of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OBJECTIVES To examine whether DCS augments the effects of CBT for OCD and to explore (post hoc) whether concomitant antidepressant medication moderates the effects of DCS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A 12-week, double-blind randomized clinical trial with 3-month follow-up conducted at an academic medical center between September 4, 2012, and September 26, 2013. Participants included 128 adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of OCD and a Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score of 16 or higher. Concurrent antidepressant medication was permitted if the dose had been stable for at least 2 months prior to enrollment and remained unchanged during the trial. The main analysis was by intention-to-treat population. INTERVENTIONS All participants received a previously validated Internet-based CBT protocol over 12 weeks and were randomized to receive either 50 mg of DCS or placebo, administered 1 hour before each of 5 exposure and response prevention tasks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinician-administered Y-BOCS score at week 12 and at 3-month follow-up. Remission was defined as a score of 12 or lower on the Y-BOCS. RESULTS In the primary intention-to-treat analyses, DCS did not augment the effects of CBT compared with placebo (mean [SD] clinician-rated Y-BOCS score, DCS: 13.86 [6.50] at week 12 and 12.35 [7.75] at 3-month follow-up; placebo: 11.77 [5.95] at week 12 and 12.37 [6.68] at 3-month follow-up) but showed a significant interaction with antidepressants (clinician-rated Y-BOCS, B = -1.08; Z = -2.79; P = .005). Post hoc analyses revealed that antidepressants significantly impaired treatment response in the DCS group but not the placebo group, at both posttreatment and follow-up (clinician-rated Y-BOCS: t(62) = -3.00; P = .004; and t(61) = -3.49; P < .001, respectively). In the DCS group, a significantly greater proportion of antidepressant-free patients achieved remission status at follow-up (60% [95% CI, 45%-74%]) than antidepressant-medicated patients (24% [95% CI, 9%-48%]) (P = .008). Antidepressants had no effect in the placebo group (50% [95% CI, 36%-64%] remission rate in both groups). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that antidepressants may interact with DCS to block its facilitating effect on fear extinction. Use of DCS may be a promising CBT augmentation strategy but only in antidepressant-free patients with OCD.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors and moderators of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder : Results from a randomized trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3649 .- 2211-3657. ; 4, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has shown efficacy in randomized trials but many patients do not respond to the treatment, we therefore need to find predictors and moderators of treatment response. In this study, we analyzed predictors of ICBT response using both post-treatment as well as 24-month outcome data. As half of the participants were randomized to receive an Internet-based booster program as an adjunct to ICBT, we also investigated moderators of ICBT with or without booster. Results showed that more severe baseline OCD symptoms predicted worse end state outcome but also higher degree of change. Furthermore, high degree of working alliance predicted better outcome but patients with primary disgust emotions had worse treatment effects. The moderator analysis also indicated that scoring high on the obsessing subscale on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised predicted worse treatment outcome in the booster group. In conclusion, there are some possible predictors and moderators of ICBT for OCD but more research is needed with larger and clinically representative samples. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the Mediating Effects of Obsessive Beliefs in Internet-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 22:6, s. 722-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although cognitive interventions for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been tested in randomized trials, there are few trials that have tested the specific mechanisms of cognitive interventions, i.e. how they achieve their effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of a short cognitive intervention in the treatment of OCD and used data from a recently conducted randomized controlled trial where 101 participants were allocated to either Internet-based CBT (ICBT) or to a control condition. Obsessive beliefs were measured at pre-treatment, at the time they had received the cognitive intervention, and also at post-treatment. Weekly OCD symptoms were measured throughout the 10 weeks of treatment. We hypothesized that (1) the ICBT group would have greater reductions in obsessive beliefs (controlling for change in OCD symptoms) after completing the cognitive intervention, and that (2) this reduction would, in turn, predict greater OCD symptom reduction throughout the rest of the treatment period. Contrary to our expectations, the longitudinal mediation analysis indicated that (1) being randomized to ICBT actually increased the degree of obsessive beliefs after receiving the cognitive intervention at weeks 1-3, and (2) increase in obsessive beliefs predicted better outcome later in treatment. However, when repeating the analysis using cross-sectional data at post-treatment, the results were in line with the initial hypotheses. Results were replicated when the control condition received ICBT. We conclude that, although obsessive beliefs were significantly reduced at post-treatment for the ICBT group, early increase rather than decrease in obsessive beliefs predicted favourable outcome. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Enander, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Therapist guided internet based cognitive behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: single blind randomised controlled trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1756-1833. ; 352:i241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of therapist guided internet based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-NET) compared with online supportive therapy. DESIGN A 12 week single blind parallel group randomised controlled trial. SETTING Academic medical centre. PARTICIPANTS 94 self referred adult outpatients with a diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder and a modified Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (BDD-YBOCS) score of >= 20. Concurrent psychotropic drug treatment was permitted if the dose had been stable for at least two months before enrolment and remained unchanged during the trial. INTERVENTIONS Participants received either BDD-NET (n=47) or supportive therapy (n=47) delivered via the internet for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the BDD-YBOCS score after treatment and follow-up (three and six months from baseline) as evaluated by a masked assessor. Responder status was defined as a >= 30% reduction in symptoms on the scale. Secondary outcomes were measures of depression (MADRS-S), global functioning (GAF), clinical global improvement (CGI-I), and quality of life (EQ5D). The six month follow-up time and all outcomes other than BDD-YBOCS and MADRS-S at 3 months were not pre-specified in the registration at clinicaltrials.gov because of an administrative error but were included in the original trial protocol approved by the regional ethics committee before the start of the trial. RESULTS BDD-NET was superior to supportive therapy and was associated with significant improvements in severity of symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-YBOCS group difference -7.1 points, 95% confidence interval -9.8 to -4.4), depression (MADRS-S group difference -4.5 points, -7.5 to -1.4), and other secondary measures. At follow-up, 56% of those receiving BDD-NET were classed as responders, compared with 13% receiving supportive therapy. The number needed to treat was 2.34 (1.71 to 4.35). Self reported satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONS CBT can be delivered safely via the internet to patients with body dysmorphic disorder. BDD-NET has the potential to increase access to evidence based psychiatric care for this mental disorder, in line with NICE priority recommendations. It could be particularly useful in a stepped care approach, in which general practitioner or other mental health professionals can offer treatment to people with mild to moderate symptoms at low risk of suicide.
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| 8. |
- Rhedin, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Protocol Introducing a New Algorithm for Classification of Etiology in Studies on Pediatric Pneumonia: Protocol for the Trial of Respiratory Infections in Children for Enhanced Diagnostics Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 21:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a need to better distinguish viral infections from antibiotic-requiring bacterial infections in children presenting with clinical community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to assist health care workers in decision making and to improve the rational use of antibiotics. Objective: The overall aim of the Trial of Respiratory infections in children for ENhanced Diagnostics (TREND) study is to improve the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral etiologies in children aged below 5 years with clinical CAP, by evaluating myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker for viral CAP and by evaluating an existing (multianalyte point-of-care antigen detection test system [mariPOC respi] ArcDia International Oy Ltd.) and a potential future point-of-care test for respiratory pathogens. Methods: Children aged 1 to 59 months with clinical CAP as well as healthy, hospital-based, asymptomatic controls will be included at a pediatric emergency hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Blood (analyzed for MxA and C-reactive protein) and nasopharyngeal samples (analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard and antigen-based mariPOC respi test as well as saved for future analyses of a novel recombinase polymerase amplification-based point-of-care test for respiratory pathogens) will be collected. A newly developed algorithm for the classification of CAP etiology will be used as the reference standard. Results: A pilot study was performed from June to August 2017. The enrollment of study subjects started in November 2017. Results are expected by the end of 2019.Conclusions: The findings from the TREND study can be an important step to improve the management of children with clinical. © 2019 Journal of Medical Internet Research. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, et al.
(författare)
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Architectural Reasoning Support for Product-Lines of Self-adaptive Software Systems : A Case Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Software Architecture: 9th European Conference, ECSA 2015, Dubrovnik/Cavtat, Croatia, September 7-11, 201. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319237275 - 9783319237268 ; , s. 20-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software architecture serves as a foundation for the design and development of software systems. Designing an architecture requires extensive analysis and reasoning. The study presented herein focuses on the architectural analysis and reasoning in support of engineering self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. Designing self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse introduces variability along three dimensions; adding more complexity to the architectural analysis and reasoning process. To this end, the study presents an extended Architectural Reasoning Framework with dedicated reasoning support for self-adaptive systems and reuse. To evaluate the proposed framework, we conducted an initial feasibility case study, which concludes that the proposed framework assists the domain architects to increase reusability, reduce fault density, and eliminate differences in skills and experiences among architects, which were our research goals and are decisive factors for a system's overall quality.
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| 10. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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ASPLe : a methodology to develop self-adaptive software systems with reuse
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advances in computing technologies are pushing software systems and their operating environments to become more dynamic and complex. The growing complexity of software systems coupled with uncertainties induced by runtime variations leads to challenges in software analysis and design. Self-Adaptive Software Systems (SASS) have been proposed as a solution to address design time complexity and uncertainty by adapting software systems at runtime. A vast body of knowledge on engineering self-adaptive software systems has been established. However, to the best of our knowledge, no or little work has considered systematic reuse of this knowledge. To that end, this study contributes an Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe) methodology. The ASPLe is based on a multi-product lines strategy which leverages systematic reuse through separation of application and adaptation logic. It provides developers with repeatable process support to design and develop self-adaptive software systems with reuse across several application domains. The methodology is composed of three core processes, and each process is organized for requirements, design, implementation, and testing activities. To exemplify and demonstrate the use of the ASPLe methodology, three application domains are used as running examples throughout the report.
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| 11. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-
(författare)
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Designing Self-Adaptive Software Systems with Reuse
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern software systems are increasingly more connected, pervasive, and dynamic, as such, they are subject to more runtime variations than legacy systems. Runtime variations affect system properties, such as performance and availability. The variations are difficult to anticipate and thus mitigate in the system design.Self-adaptive software systems were proposed as a solution to monitor and adapt systems in response to runtime variations. Research has established a vast body of knowledge on engineering self-adaptive systems. However, there is a lack of systematic process support that leverages such engineering knowledge and provides for systematic reuse for self-adaptive systems development. This thesis proposes the Autonomic Software Product Lines (ASPL), which is a strategy for developing self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. The strategy exploits the separation of a managed and a managing subsystem and describes three steps that transform and integrate a domain-independent managing system platform into a domain-specific software product line for self-adaptive software systems.Applying the ASPL strategy is however not straightforward as it involves challenges related to variability and uncertainty. We analyzed variability and uncertainty to understand their causes and effects. Based on the results, we developed the Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe) methodology, which provides process support for the ASPL strategy. The ASPLe has three processes, 1) ASPL Domain Engineering, 2) Specialization and 3) Integration. Each process maps to one of the steps in the ASPL strategy and defines roles, work-products, activities, and workflows for requirements, design, implementation, and testing. The focus of this thesis is on requirements and design.We validate the ASPLe through demonstration and evaluation. We developed three demonstrator product lines using the ASPLe. We also conducted an extensive case study to evaluate key design activities in the ASPLe with experiments, questionnaires, and interviews. The results show a statistically significant increase in quality and reuse levels for self-adaptive software systems designed using the ASPLe compared to current engineering practices.
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| 12. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Harnessing Variability in Product-lines of Self-adaptive Software Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Software Product Line. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781450336130 ; , s. 191-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work studies systematic reuse in the context of self-adaptive software systems. In our work, we realized that managing variability for such platforms is different compared to traditional platforms, primarily due to the run-time variability and system uncertainties. Motivated by the fact that recent trends show that self-adaptation will be used more often in future system generation and that software reuse state-of-practice or research do not provide sufficient support, we have investigated the problems and possibly resolutions in this context. We have analyzed variability for these systems, using a systematic reuse prism, and identified a research gap in variability management. The analysis divides variability handling into four activities: (1) identify variability, (2) constrain variability, (3) implement variability, and (4) manage variability. Based on the findings we envision a reuse framework for the specific domain and present an example framework that addresses some of the identified challenges. We argue that it provides basic support for engineering self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. We discuss some important avenues of research for achieving the vision.
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| 13. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, et al.
(författare)
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Rigorous architectural reasoning for self-adaptive software systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 9781509021314 ; , s. 11-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing a software architecture requires architectural reasoning, i.e., activities that translate requirements to an architecture solution. Architectural reasoning is particularly challenging in the design of product-lines of self-adaptive systems, which involve variability both at development time and runtime. In previous work we developed an extended Architectural Reasoning Framework (eARF) to address this challenge. However, evaluation of the eARF showed that the framework lacked support for rigorous reasoning, ensuring that the design complies to the requirements. In this paper, we introduce an analytical framework that enhances eARF with such support. The framework defines a set of artifacts and a series of activities. Artifacts include templates to specify domain quality attribute scenarios, concrete models, and properties. The activities support architects with transforming requirement scenarios to architecture models that comply to required properties. Our focus in this paper is on architectural reasoning support for a single product instance. We illustrate the benefits of the approach by applying it to an example client-server system, and outline challenges for future work. © 2016 IEEE.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The landscape of somatic mutations in infant MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:4, s. 192-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with MLL rearrangements (MLL-R) represents a distinct leukemia with a poor prognosis. To define its mutational landscape, we performed whole-genome, exome, RNA and targeted DNA sequencing on 65 infants (47 MLL-R and 18 non-MLL-R cases) and 20 older children (MLL-R cases) with leukemia. Our data show that infant MLL-R ALL has one of the lowest frequencies of somatic mutations of any sequenced cancer, with the predominant leukemic clone carrying a mean of 1.3 non-silent mutations. Despite this paucity of mutations, we detected activating mutations in kinase-PI3K-RAS signaling pathway components in 47% of cases. Surprisingly, these mutations were often subclonal and were frequently lost at relapse. In contrast to infant cases, MLL-R leukemia in older children had more somatic mutations (mean of 6.5 mutations/case versus 1.3 mutations/case, P = 7.15 × 10(-5)) and had frequent mutations (45%) in epigenetic regulators, a category of genes that, with the exception of MLL, was rarely mutated in infant MLL-R ALL.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Direct and indirect effects of waste management policies on household waste behaviour : The case of Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 76, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish legislation makes municipalities responsible for recycling or disposing of household waste. Municipalities therefore play an important role in achieving Sweden’s increased levels of ambition in the waste management area and in achieving the goal of a more circular economy. This paper studies how two municipal policy instruments – weight-based waste tariffs and special systems for the collection of food waste – affect the collected volumes of different types of waste. We find that a system of collecting food waste separately is more effective overall than imposing weight-based waste tariffs in respect not only of reducing the amounts of waste destined for incineration, but also of increasing materials recycling and biological recovery, despite the fact that the direct incentive effects of these two systems should be similar. Separate food waste collection was associated with increased recycling not only of food waste but also of other waste. Introducing separate food waste collection indirectly signals to households that recycling is important and desirable, and our results suggest that this signalling effect may be as important as direct incentive effects.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Towards inclusion through lessons from informal money lenders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Financial inclusion for poverty alleviation. - Oxon : Routledge. - 9781138102750 - 9781138102767 - 9781315103457 ; , s. 68-86
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter provides a theoretical background on the issues surrounding rural microlending, and discusses experiences from earlier schemes. It explains the methodology used in the study. The chapter describes the data set used and provides some descriptive statistics. It also describes how the analysis was carried out in practice. The chapter presents the results, and discusses the policy implications of these results for rural upliftment strategies. Microfinance is not the first attempt to address this problem: many developing countries provided cheap, small-scale credit to smallholder farmers in the 1970s. Lenders face an adverse selection problem. They can discourage borrowers who have projects with low expected returns by charging high interest rates. Formal microcredit schemes are an attempt to use social pressure to encourage borrowers to repay their loans. Foreign donors have shown great interest in microfinance. In order to measure the shadow prices of working capital facing each group of farmers, a number of methods could potentially have been used.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Jesper, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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A Distilled Characterization of Resilience and Its Embraced Properties Based on State-Spaces
- 2019
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Ingår i: Software Engineering for Resilient Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030308551 - 9783030308568 ; , s. 11-25
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, we have observed the increasing interest in the system property resilience. We ascribe this increasing interest to the rapidly growing number of deployed, complex, socio-technical systems, which are facing uncertainty about changes they are expected to experience during their life-cycle and ways to deal with them. This paper contributes to current resilience research by focusing on the different definitions given for this system property, highlighting the risk that, using different terms in different communities, this contributes to create a “tower of Babel” problem, with the consequent difficulty in exchanging ideas and working together towards a common goal. We adopt an extended definition of dependability to define resilience. Based on that, we identify features of resilient systems, capture properties falling under the resilience umbrella, and define a conceptual framework for resilience characterization including how changes affect the system, strategies to design resilience, and discuss metrics for quantifying resilience at design and runtime.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Aligning Architectures for Sustainability
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACM Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSA-W). - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781450347815
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digitization of industry has drastically changed the competitive landscape by requiring a higher degree of specialization and shorter time to delivery that affect the design properties a software platform should satisfy. The platform architecture must sustain continuous and rapid change to the organizational architecture, which in turn is affected by external forces: i.e., forces drive the velocity of change. In this paper, we explore the effects of digitization, characterizing internal and external forces that impact on business strategies and trigger the continuous realignment of the platform, and outline a research agenda to mitigate the effects.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Johanna, 1972-
(författare)
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Barns teckningar som utgångspunkt i det naturvetenskapliga samtalet
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barns föreställningar utgör en viktig del i deras begreppsbildning inom naturvetenskap vilket betonas inom konstruktivismen. I denna avhandling utgör en socialkonstruktivistisk syn på lärande det teoretiska ramverket. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att i samtal med barn i åldrarna 4–13 år och med utgångspunkt i deras teckningar, utveckla kunskap om de föreställningar de ger uttryck för inom fyra naturvetenskapliga områden: värme, blandning, människokroppen och vad som är levande/inte levande. Två forskningsfrågor behandlas i avhandlingen: Vilka föreställningar ger barn uttryck för i teckningar och i samtal om naturvetenskapliga fenomen? Vilka metodologiska förutsättningar och utmaningar finns det när det gäller att använda teckningar som utgångspunkt och som meningsskapande redskap för att fånga barns föreställningar? En multimodal metod bestående av teckningar, samtal och barnens aktivitet användes vid datainsamlingen, vilket är i linje med ett socialsemiotiskt perspektiv.Avhandlingen består av fyra studier. Resultatet i de två första studierna visar att barns föreställningar om blandningar var något mer utvecklade än vad som visats i tidigare studier, medan deras föreställningar gällande värme överensstämde med vad som tidigare rapporterats.Den tredje studien visar att barnen känner till fler organ i människokroppen och visar, till skillnad från vad som framkommit i tidigare forskning, förmåga att rita kopplingar mellan organen. I den fjärde studien talar en majoritet av barnen om död som en motsats till liv och några ritade att det som inte lever tidigare har levt. Barn som är medvetna om mikroskopiska objekt klassificerar dem som levande. Förklaringarna visar på en inkonsekvens i barnens resonemang om växter lever eller inte.Metodologiskt framkom att barns föreställningar med fördel fångas genom deras egna teckningar tillsammans med deras förklaringar av dessa. Teckningarna fungerar även som hjälpmedel för att föra fram och delge olika resonemang. I avhandlingen diskuteras barns lösningar på rittekninska problem som de mötte vid sidan av den naturvetenskapliga uppgiften. I studien om människokroppen handlar dessa problem om svårigheten i att överföra den tredimensionella människokroppen till två dimensioner. En annan svårighet var att kroppens organ, skelett, muskler och vävnader ligger ovanpå varandra. Där använde barnen strategin att rita röntgenbilder för att visa det som ligger dolt. Barn i olika åldrar löste ofta dessa rittekniska problem på ett mycket kreativt sätt i kombination med deras muntliga/skriftliga kommentarer. Förutom teckningarnas betydelse diskuteras skillnaden mellan kontextualiserade och dekontextualiserade uppgifter. De olika områdena som studerats i avhandlingens artiklar befinner sig på olika abstraktionsnivåer vilket påverkar barnens föreställningar och hur detta uttrycks in bilder. Naturvetenskap innefattar olika dimensioner där det handlar om att både lära sig strukturell och processuell kunskap. Den multimodala metoden gav barnen hjälp med att samla, strukturera och uttrycka sina tankar
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Lärarstudenter konkretiserar energi genom energiteater
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forum för forskningsbaserad NT-undervisning: Bidrag från konferensen FobasNT18 13 – 14 mars 2018 i Norrköping. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789176850442 ; , s. 23-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid Karlstads universitet har vi sedan hösten 2017 infört energiteater som en aktivitet i fysikkurser på samtliga grund- och ämneslärarutbildningar. Energiteater kan betraktas som en kompletterande undervisnings- och inlärningsform, där studenter förväntas att i mindre grupper tillsammans diskutera och sedan gestalta förekommande energiformer och energiomvandlingar i olika vardagsscenarier. I den här studien har videoinspelningar av en grupps gestaltningar kring två skilda scenarier analyserats i syfte att klargöra på vilket sätt energiteater stimulerar studenternas kommunikation och interaktion. Scenarierna involverarde energiomvandlingar som sker då en studsboll studsar mot marken, respektive de energiomvandlingar som sker i ett snurrande änglaspel. Resultatet visar att energiteater i stor utsträckning stimulerar utforskande samtal mellan studenterna, vilket kan betraktas somen meningsskapande dialog. Aktivitetens karaktär bidrar till att alla deltagare blir aktiva och förtrogna med förekommande energiformer och energiomvandlingar. Planerandet och genomförandet av gestaltningen skapar spontana kvalitativa diskussioner kring flödet av energi mellan olika system, som på ett naturligt sätt motiverar studenterna att vidareutveckla själva gestaltningen. Vi menar att energiteater kan stärka lärarstudenternas egen förståelse av energi, men att den även kan erbjuda en möjlig alternativ undervisningsansats för lärarstudenterna i sin blivande roll som lärare i skolan.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Thin film metal sensors in fusion bonded glass chips for high-pressure microfluidics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 27:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pressure microfluidics offers fast analyses of thermodynamic parameters for compressed process solvents. However, microfluidic platforms handling highly compressible supercritical CO2 are difficult to control, and on-chip sensing would offer added control of the devices. Therefore, there is a need to integrate sensors into highly pressure tolerant glass chips. In this paper, thin film Pt sensors were embedded in shallow etched trenches in a glass wafer that was bonded with another glass wafer having microfluidic channels. The devices having sensors integrated into the flow channels sustained pressures up to 220 bar, typical for the operation of supercritical CO2. No leakage from the devices could be found. Integrated temperature sensors were capable of measuring local decompression cooling effects and integrated calorimetric sensors measured flow velocities over the range 0.5-13.8 mm/s. By this, a better control of high-pressure microfluidic platforms has been achieved.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Same goal, but different paths : Learning, explaining and understanding entropy
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering students train to discuss conclusionsand results in different ways as part of their education. This is often done in connection to learning disciplinary knowledge where comparisons with and connections to previous courses play an important role. Students from different programs can have distinctly different repertoires of concepts and experiences when starting a course. This influences their learning on the course and how they communicate afterwards. We explore this issue in relation to engineering students’ explanations about entropy and how these change during a course in thermodynamics. A questionnaire study was done during the spring semester 2014 with students enrolling in a course on chemical thermodynamics. Students were asked to explain the concept of entropy and list scientific concepts they relate to entropy both before and after the course. A qualitative analysis was done for the 73 students who answered the questionnaire both before and after the course. Analysis showed that disorder was the most common aspect in student explanations, both before and after the course, but that many students used the concept ina more critical and reflective manner after the course. We also found that student explanations develop in richness by involving more aspects after the course. This development is dependent on the resources students bring with them when enrolling in the course. This is especially clear for students from the Master Programme in Chemical Engineering, who to a larger extent use microscopic elements, such as interaction between particles, in their explanations already before the course.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Birkhofer, Klaus, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem services - current challenges and opportunities for ecological research
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 2:12 January 2015
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- e concept of ecosystem services was originally developed to illustrate the benefits that natural ecosystems generate for society and to raise awareness for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. In this article we identify major challenges and opportunities for ecologists involved in empirical or modeling ecosystem service research. The first challenge arises from the fact that the ecosystem service concept has not been generated in the context of managed systems. Ecologists need to identify the effect of anthropogenic interventions in order to propose practices to benefit service-providing organisms and associated services. The second challenge arises from the need to evaluate relationships between indicators of ecosystem services that are collected in ecological studies while accounting for uncertainties of ecological processes that underlie these services. We suggest basing the assessment of ecosystem services on the utilization of sets of indicators that cover aspects of service-providing units, ecosystem management and landscape modification. The third challenge arises from the limited understanding of the nature of relationships between services and a lack of a general statistical framework to address these links. To manage ecosystem service provisioning, ecologists need to establish whether services respond to a shared driver or if services are directly linked to each other. Finally, studies relating biodiversity to ecosystem services often focus on services at small spatial or short temporal scales, but research on the protection of services is often directed toward services providing benefits at large spatial scales. Ecological research needs to address a range of spatial and temporal scales to provide a multifaceted understanding of how nature promotes human well-being. Addressing these challenges in the future offers a unique opportunity for ecologists to act as promoters for the understanding about how to conserve benefits gained from nature.
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| 29. |
- Bruun, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Mystronics Class
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- It’s the schools year’s first lesson in Mystronics. All students are excited. Some have looked forward to this day, while others just need to complete the class to get onward in the system. Some dream of a career as mystronician.A new professor have been hired for the teaching, one with highly unorthodox teaching methods. The board of professors are naturally sceptic, but secretly many professors are curious and fascinated by the new methods.In this larp you will play student or teacher in the first Mystronics class of the year. The larp is based on research in education development and teaching strategies for students. The subject, Mystronics, is invented for the larp but lies somewhere between classic grammar and complex systems.Genre: Mystronics class is a research based edularp with a twist of hermetic pseudo-science. Setting: It’s the first time the students will receive teaching about Mystronics. The teacher will experiment with new teaching methods. What conflicts and possibilities will arise? Participant type: For the participants the larp is meant as a fun roleplay experience, but through the larp they will learn about the education research’s view on students and teachers. Character descriptions reflect the types of students and teachers that researchers have identified.
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| 30. |
- Caporuscio, Mauro, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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IoT-enabled Physical Telerehabilitation Platform
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proccedings of the International Workshop on Engineering IoT Systems. - : IEEE. - 9781509047932 ; , s. 112-119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical telerehabilitation services over the Internet allow physiotherapists to engage in remote consultation with patients at their homes, improving the quality of care and reducing costs. Traditional visual approaches, such as webcams and videophones, are limited in terms of precision of assessment and support for assistance with exercises. In this paper, we present a Physical Telerehabilitation System (PTS) that enhances video interaction with IoT technology to monitor the position of the body of patients in space and provide smart data to physiotherapists and users. We give an overview of the architecture of the PTS and evaluate (i) its usability based on a number of interviews and focus groups with stakeholders, and (ii) its technical efficiency based on a series of measurements. From this evaluation, we derive a number of challenges for further improvement of the PTS and outline a possible solution based on a microservices architecture.
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| 31. |
- Colombo, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Matrix effects in nilotinib formulations with pH-responsive polymer produced by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 494:1, s. 205-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors determining the pH-controlled dissolution kinetics of nilotinib formulations with the pH-titrable polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, obtained by carbon dioxide-mediated precipitation, were mechanistically examined in acid and neutral environment. The matrix effect, modulating the drug dissolution, was characterized with a battery of physicochemical methodologies, including ToF-SIMS for surface composition, SAXS/WAXS and modulated DSC for crystallization characterization, and simultaneous UV-imaging and Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the dissolution process in detail. The hybrid particle formulations investigated consisted of amorphous nilotinib embedded in a polymer matrix in single continuous phase, displaying extended retained amorphicity also under wet conditions. It was demonstrated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy that the efficient drug dispersion and amorphization in the polymer matrix were mediated by hydrogen bonding between the drug and the phthalate groups on the polymer. Simultaneous Raman and UV-imaging studies of the effect of drug load on the swelling and dissolution of the polymer matrix revealed that high nilotinib load prevented matrix swelling on passage from acid to neutral pH, thereby preventing re-precipitation and re-crystallization of incorporated nilotinib. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation of formulation development of nilotinib and other protein kinase inhibitors, which are now witnessing an intense therapeutic and industrial attention due to the difficulty in formulating these compounds so that efficient oral bioavailability is reached.
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| 32. |
- Dias, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid nanoprobe signal enhancement by in situ gold nanoparticle synthesis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : Journal of Visualized Experiments. - 1940-087X. ; 2018:133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity and convenient colorimetric readout. However, high densities of nanoparticles are typically needed for detection. The available synthesis-based enhancement protocols are either limited to gold and silver nanoparticles or rely on precise enzymatic control and optimization. Here, we present a protocol to enhance the colorimetric readout of gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoprobes. It was observed that the colorimetric signal can be improved by up to a 10000-fold factor. The basis for such signal enhancement strategies is the chemical reduction of Au3+ to Au0. There are several chemical reactions that enable the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. In the protocol, Good's buffers and H2O2 are used and it is possible to favor the deposition of Au0 onto the surface of existing nanoprobes, in detriment of the formation of new gold nanoparticles. The protocol consists of the incubation of the microarray with a solution consisting of chloroauric acid and H2O2 in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6 buffer following the nanoprobe-based detection assay. The enhancement solution can be applied to paper and glass-based sensors. Moreover, it can be used in commercially available immunoassays as demonstrated by the application of the method to a commercial allergen microarray. The signal development requires less than 5 min of incubation with the enhancement solution and the readout can be assessed by naked eye or low-end image acquisition devices such as a table-top scanner or a digital camera.
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| 33. |
- Dias, Jorge T., et al.
(författare)
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Minimizing antibody cross-reactivity in multiplex detection of biomarkers in paper-based point-of-care assays
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 8:15, s. 8195-8201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly multiplexed immunoassays could allow convenient screening of hundreds or thousands of protein biomarkers simultaneously in a clinical sample such as serum or plasma, potentially allowing improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of many conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections, and several cancers. Currently, antibody microarray-based tests are limited in part due to cross reactivity from detection antibody reagents. Here we present a strategy that reduces the cross-reactivity between nanoparticle-bound reporter antibodies through the application of ultrasound energy. By this concept, it was possible to achieve a sensitivity 10(3)-fold (5 pg mL(-1)) lower than when no ultrasound was applied (50 ng mL(-1)) for the simultaneous detection of three different antigens. The detection limits and variability achieved with this technique rival those obtained with other types of multiplex sandwich assays.
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| 34. |
- Dias, Jorge T, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid signal enhancement method for nanoprobe-based biosensing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of nanomaterials as detection reagents has enabled improved sensitivity and facilitated detection in a variety of bioanalytical assays. However, high nanoprobe densities are typically needed for colorimetric detection and to circumvent this limitation several enhancement protocols have been reported. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of universal, enzyme-free and versatile methods that can be readily applied to existing as well as new biosensing strategies. The novel method presented here is shown to enhance the signal of gold nanoparticles enabling visual detection of a spot containing < 10 nanoparticles. Detection of Protein G on paper arrays was improved by a 100-fold amplification factor in under five minutes of assay time, using IgG-labelled gold, silver, silica and iron oxide nanoprobes. Furthermore, we show that the presented protocol can be applied to a commercial allergen microarray assay, ImmunoCAP ISAC sIgE 112, attaining a good agreement with fluorescent detection when analysing human clinical samples.
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| 35. |
- Dias, Jorge T., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid signal enhancement method for nanoprobe-based biosensing (vol 7, 2017)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Methods section of this Article references 18 to 22 are incorrectly cited. The correct references were omitted from the reference list and appear below as references 1-5. References 18 to 22 are correctly cited in Introduction and Results and Discussion sections. "AuNPs of 10 nm in diameter were prepared following the protocol described by Bastus et al.18." should read: "AuNPs of 10 nm in diameter were prepared following the protocol described by Bastus et al.1." "AgNPs of 90 nm in diameter were prepared following the protocol described by Rivero et al.19." should read: "AgNPs of 90 nm in diameter were prepared following the protocol described by Rivero et al.2" "The size was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy according to the AgNPs size theory demonstrated by Malynych20." should read: "The size was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy according to the AgNPs size theory demonstrated by Malynych3." "The coupling of antibody to the NPs was prepared following a modified version of a protocol previously reported by Puertas et al.21." should read: "The coupling of antibody to the NPs was prepared following a modified version of a protocol previously reported by Puertas et al.4." "Microarrays were prepared as previously reported by our group22." should read: "Microarrays were prepared as previously reported by our group5.
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| 36. |
- Éliás, Szabolcs, et al.
(författare)
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TGF-β affects the differentiation of human GM-CSF+ CD4+ T cells in an activation- and sodium-dependent manner
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medicine, Solna. - 1664-3224.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, the environmental cues promoting differentiation of GM-CSF producing T cells are unclear. Herein, we performed a broad experimental screening of cytokines and datadriven analysis assessing their ability to induce human GM-CSF+ CD4+ T cells and their subpopulations. TGF-β was discovered to induce GM-CSF production independently of proliferation and IL-2 signaling including STAT5. In contrast, IL-6 and IL-23 decreased GM-CSF production. On the population level, GM-CSF induction was highly correlated with expression of FOXP3 across cytokine stimulations but not with that of IL-17. However, on single-cell level GM-CSF and IFN-γ expression were most correlated, independently of the cytokine environment. Importantly, under low sodium conditions in the medium or upon stimulation with plate-bound instead of bead-bound anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, the effects of TGF-β on GM-CSF, but not on FOXP3, were reversed. Our analysis indicates a novel role for TGF-β in generating GM-CSF+ subsets of human CD4+ T cells. These results are important for understanding of autoimmune disease and therapeutic considerations.
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| 37. |
- Erichsen Andersson, Annette, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Iterative co-creation for improved hand hygiene and aseptic techniques in the operating room : experiences from the safe hands study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene and aseptic techniques are essential preventives in combating hospital-acquired infections. However, implementation of these strategies in the operating room remains suboptimal. There is a paucity of intervention studies providing detailed information on effective methods for change. This study aimed to evaluate the process of implementing a theory-driven knowledge translation program for improved use of hand hygiene and aseptic techniques in the operating room.METHODS: The study was set in an operating department of a university hospital. The intervention was underpinned by theories on organizational learning, culture and person centeredness. Qualitative process data were collected via participant observations and analyzed using a thematic approach.RESULTS: Doubts that hand-hygiene practices are effective in preventing hospital acquired infections, strong boundaries and distrust between professional groups and a lack of psychological safety were identified as barriers towards change. Facilitated interprofessional dialogue and learning in "safe spaces" worked as mechanisms for motivation and engagement. Allowing for the free expression of different opinions, doubts and viewing resistance as a natural part of any change was effective in engaging all professional categories in co-creation of clinical relevant solutions to improve hand hygiene.CONCLUSION: Enabling nurses and physicians to think and talk differently about hospital acquired infections and hand hygiene requires a shift from the concept of one-way directed compliance towards change and learning as the result of a participatory and meaning-making process. The present study is a part of the Safe Hands project, and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02983136 ). Date of registration 2016/11/28, retrospectively registered.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Falkheimer, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Greater Copenhagen och mindre Öresund?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Slutna rum och öppna landskap. - 9789189673380 ; 69
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Öresundsregionen har under decennier utvecklats till ett viktigt samarbetsprojektkring arbetsmarknad, bostadsmarknad, näringsliv, konsumtion, turism och kulturlängs den svensk-danska gränsen. Men under senare år har det skett en nedgång ibland annat pendling mellan den danska och den svenska sidan. I detta kapitel kanvi med hjälp av de sydsvenska SOM-undersökningarna visa att skåningarna tycks brysig allt mindre om Öresundsregionen och Danmark. Intresset för nyheter från dendanska sidan minskar, liksom för att arbeta i Danmark eller flytta dit. Språkförståelsengår stadigt nedåt, och det finns vissa indikationer på att stödet för det regionalasamarbetet minskar. Resultaten antyder att om det finns en politisk vilja att utvecklagränsregionen bör åtgärder vidtas för ökad folklig förankring och förståelse.
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| 40. |
- Falkheimer, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Is Strategic Communication too important to be left to Communication Professionals?: Managers’ and coworkers’ attitudes towards strategic communication and communication professionals
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Public Relations Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0363-8111. ; 43:1, s. 91-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article is based upon empirical data from a Swedish three-year research project entitled “Communicative Organizations”, investigating the value of communication for organizations. The project is involves eleven organizations. Based upon empirical data from a quantitative survey (n = 6486) the perceived value of strategic communication and communication professionals, mainly among managers and co-workers, is analyzed. Two conceptual models are used for analysis: the communicative organization and the four-by-four model of strategic public relations. The results shows that the self-identity of communication professionals and the normative model of strategic public relations partly mirror and partly collide with the perceptions of managers and coworkers. The study confirms that managers and coworkers find communication crucial for their organizations at a strategic level, but that the role of communication professionals is rather unclear. A majority of the respondents do not understand the core role or roles of communication professionals.
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| 41. |
- Fex Svenningsen, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) modulates trophic signaling through interaction with serine protease HTRA1
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 24, s. 4561-4572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a small conserved protein, is abundant in the immune- and central nervous system (CNS). MIF has several receptors and binding partners that can modulate its action on a cellular level. It is upregulated in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer although its function is far from clear. Here, we report the finding of a new binding partner to MIF, the serine protease HTRA1. This enzyme cleaves several growth factors, extracellular matrix molecules and is implicated in some of the same diseases as MIF. We show that the function of the binding between MIF and HTRA1 is to inhibit the proteolytic activity of HTRA1, modulating the availability of molecules that can change cell growth and differentiation. MIF is therefore the first endogenous inhibitor ever found for HTRA1. It was found that both molecules were present in astrocytes and that the functional binding has the ability to modulate astrocytic activities important in development and disease of the CNS.
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| 42. |
- Glasø de Lange, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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White matter integrity as a marker for cognitive plasticity in aging
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 47, s. 74-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-related differences in white matter (WM) integrity are substantial, but it is unknown whether between subject variability in WM integrity influences the capacity for cognitive improvement. We investigated the effects of memory training related to active and passive control conditions in older adults and tested whether WM integrity at baseline was predictive of training benefits. We hypothesized that (1) memory improvement would be restricted to the training group, (2) widespread areas would show greater mean diffusivity (MD) and lower fractional anisotropy in older adults relative to young adults, and (3) within these areas, variability in WM microstructure in the older group would be predictive of training gains. The results showed that only the group receiving training improved their memory. Significant age differences in MD and fractional anisotropy were found in widespread areas. Within these areas, voxelwise analyses showed a negative relationship between MD and memory improvement in 3 clusters, indicating that WM integrity could serve as a marker for the ability to adapt in response to cognitive challenges in aging.
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| 43. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical engineering students’ conceptions of entropy
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding of the second law of thermodynamics and the closely connected entropy concept is central in thermodynamics, and thereby also in physics and chemistry education. Nonetheless, entropy has been found to be particularly challenging for students, not least due to its abstract character. One common approach to teaching and learning about entropy has been to make comparisons with more familiar and concrete domains, by means of analogy and metaphor, such as the metaphor ‘entropy is disorder’, which however has met with criticism in science education. In the present study, students (N = 73) filled out a questionnaire before and after a course on chemical thermodynamics. They were asked to: (1) describe their understanding of what entropy is; (2) list the most important other scientific concepts they relate to entropy; (3) after the course, also reflect on how their understanding of entropy had developed. Our analyses show that the disorder metaphor dominated the students’ responses, although in a more reflective manner after the course. The idea of entropy as the freedom for particles to move about gained in popularity. A majority of the students engaged particle interaction approaches to entropy, which indicates their identification within the chemistry tradition. This chemistry identification was further illustrated by enthalpy and Gibbs free energy being the concepts most often mentioned as connected to entropy. Intriguingly, no correlations were found between these qualitative ideas of entropy and the results of the written exam, primarily focusing on quantitative problem solving.
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| 44. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical engineering students’ ideas of entropy
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Chemistry Education Research and Practice. - 1756-1108. ; 16:3, s. 537-551
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermodynamics, and in particular entropy, has been found to be challenging for students, not least due to its abstract character. Comparisons with more familiar and concrete domains, by means of analogy and metaphor are commonly used in thermodynamics teaching, in particular the metaphor ‘entropy is disorder’. However, this particular metaphor has met major criticism. In the present study, students (N = 73) answered a questionnaire before and after a course on chemical thermodynamics. They were asked to: (1) explain what entropy is; (2) list other scientific concepts that they relate to entropy; (3) after the course, describe how it had influenced their understanding. The disorder metaphor dominated students’ responses, although in a more reflective manner after the course. The view of entropy as the freedom for particles to move became more frequent. Most students used particle interaction approaches to entropy, which indicates an association to the chemistry tradition. The chemistry identification was further illustrated by enthalpy and Gibbs free energy being the concepts most often mentioned as connected to entropy. The use of these two terms was particularly pronounced among students at the Chemical Engineering programme. Intriguingly, no correlation was found between the qualitative ideas of entropy and the results of the written exam, primarily focusing on quantitative problem solving. As an educational implication, we recommend that students are introduced to a range of different ways to interpret the complex concept entropy, rather than the use of a single metaphor.
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| 45. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Infrared cameras in inquiry-based thermodynamics laboratory exercises in university physics
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrared (IR) cameras hold the potential to make otherwise invisible thermal phenomena visible. In this way, they may be used to give students disciplinary affordance to central concepts in thermodynamics, such as the mechanisms of heat transfer and thermal properties of different materials. In the present, design-based study, open-ended laboratory exercises are developed for university thermodynamics courses, implemented and evaluated in an iterative fashion. Physics and engineering students investigate the function of a laboratory set-up, for instance a heat pump, with the help of handheld IR cameras. Data is collected by means of observation, video and audio recording, and analysed from the perspective of students’ expression of conceptions in the thermal domain and how the technology provides disciplinary affordance to the topic. Findings include that the technology invites the students to ask questions in relation to the laboratory equipment, which typically drives their inquiry in relevant directions. In addition, in contrast to previously investigated secondary students, these university students are found to explore the functionality of the IR cameras beyond the intuitive interpretation of them as visual thermometers. For instance, the provided software is used to produce striking image work for their reports, and they investigate the influence of the emissive and reflective properties of different surfaces. Directing the IR camera to a mirror provides disciplinary affordance to the phenomenon of reflection of infrared radiation, rather than a reliable temperature reading of its surface.
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| 46. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Language aspects of engineering students’ view of entropy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemistry Education Research and Practice. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1756-1108 .- 1109-4028. ; 17:3, s. 489-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entropy is a central concept in thermodynamics, but has been found to be challenging to students due to its abstract nature and the fact that it is not part of students’ everyday language. Interviews with three pairs of engineering students (N = 6) were conducted and video recorded regarding their interpretation and use of the entropy concept, one year after a course on chemical thermodynamics. From a syntax perspective, students were asked to assess whether sentences involving temperature, internal energy, and entropy make sense. With a focus on semantics, they were asked to rank a set of notions with regards to how closely they are related to entropy, how scientific they are, and how useful they are for explaining what entropy is. From a pragmatics point of view, students were asked to solve two qualitative problems, which involve entropy. The results show that these chemistry students regard internal energy, but not entropy, as a substance-like entity. The students’ ranking of how closely related to entropy notions are and how useful they are for explaining entropy was found to be strongly negatively correlated to how scientific the notions were seen to be. For example, disorder was seen as highly unscientific, but very useful for explaining entropy. In the problem-solving tasks, Chemical Engineering students were comfortable relating entropy to enthalpy and Gibbs free energy, the three notions being seen to form a “trinity” in thermodynamics. However, the students had challenges grasping the unchanged entropy in reversible, adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, in which they did not consider how entropy relates to the second law of thermodynamics. In final reflections on their learning processes, the students saw weak connections between their problem-solving skills and their conceptual understanding of entropy, although acknowledging that both aspects of learning are important.
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| 47. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Practical exercises in university mechanics
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present study, four practical exercises were introduced in a university-level mechanics course, in order to provide students with shared, personal, embodied experiences of physical phenomena in relation to the taught content. The practical exercises were performed during 10-15 minutes with subsequent discussion in random groups of 3-4 students during recitation sessions. Two of the exercises involved physically experiencing the reduced force of raising a 5 kg weight with a rope and a system of pulleys compared to with a rope alone, and finding the centre of mass of an object by holding under the object with ones hands and moving the hands toward one another. Video analysis of selected episodes of students’ interaction with the exercises reveals how they coordinated gestures and spoken language in expressing their conceptual understanding of the phenomena. In a subsequent group interview, participant physics teacher students expressed that the exercises were useful for feeling physically what they had previously only calculated. Apart from grounding conceptual understanding in physical experiences, the course evaluation shows that participation in random small groups led to increased communication among students that did not know each other before, thereby contributing to the development of a learning community.
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| 48. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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University physics students’ ideas of thermal radiation expressed in open laboratory activities using infrared cameras
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Science & Technological Education. - : Routledge. - 0263-5143 .- 1470-1138. ; 35:3, s. 349-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundUniversity physics students were engaged in open-ended thermodynamics laboratory activities with a focus on understanding a chosen phenomenon or the principle of laboratory apparatus, such as thermal radiation or a heat pump. Students had access to handheld infrared (IR) cameras for their investigations.PurposeThe purpose of the research was to explore students’ interactions with reformed thermodynamics laboratory activities. It was guided by the research question: How do university physics students make use of IR cameras in the investigation of the interaction of thermal radiation?SampleThe study was conducted with a class of first-year university physics students in Sweden. The interaction with the activities of four of the students was selected for analysis. The four students are males.Design and methodsWe used a qualitative, interpretive approach to the study of students’ interaction. The primary means of data collection was video recording of students’ work with the laboratory activities and their subsequent presentations. The analysis focused on how IR cameras helped students notice phenomena relating to thermal radiation, with comparison to previous research on students’ conceptions of thermal radiation.ResultsWhen using the IR camera students attended to the reflection of thermal radiation on shiny surfaces, such as polished metals, windows or a white-board, and emissive properties of surfaces of different types. In this way, they went beyond using the technology as a temperature probe. Students were able to discuss merits and shortcomings of IR cameras in comparison with digital thermometers.ConclusionsWith the help of IR cameras, university physics students attend to thermal phenomena that would otherwise easily go unnoticed.
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| 49. |
- Henriksson, Ingrid, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Public awareness of aphasia – results of a Swedish sample
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aphasiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-7038 .- 1464-5041. ; 33:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Background: Public awareness of a condition like aphasia may affect service provision and everyday life communication for people affected by the condition. Nevertheless, studies have shown that the public awareness of aphasia is low in many countries. Aims: This study explores awareness and knowledge of aphasia among the general public in Sweden. Methods & Procedures: We describe two surveys on the public awareness of aphasia undertaken using convenience samples in four different cities in southern Sweden. The questionnaire was closely based on those used in previous studies of aphasia awareness around the world. A total of 372 participants were recruited. Results are presented in terms of whether participants had heard of aphasia or not, and in the case that they had heard of it, whether they had a basic knowledge of the condition. Further analyses were undertaken on these three groups of participants: their gender and age distributions, educational background, what they knew about aphasia, and where they had learnt about it. Outcomes & Results: The results are discussed in comparison with similar surveys elsewhere, and we note the comparatively high percentage of participants who have heard of aphasia in our survey though, mirroring previous surveys, the amount of knowledge was often limited or incorrect. Unlike in other surveys, no clear relation was found between gender and awareness of aphasia, or education and awareness of aphasia. Age profiles and the source of participants’ information about aphasia were similar to earlier studies: that is, older people seem to have more aphasia awareness than younger people do. Further, media like TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines were the most often reported source for knowledge of aphasia. Conclusions: There is a need for further work to increase public awareness of aphasia and different forms of public media may play an important role in this endeavour.
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| 50. |
- Holmstrom, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Do we Read what we Share? Analyzing the Click Dynamic of News Articles Shared on Twitter
- 2019
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2019 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS ANALYSIS AND MINING (ASONAM 2019). - New York, NY, USA : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781450368681 ; , s. 420-425
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- News and information spread over social media can have big impact on thoughts, beliefs, and opinions. It is therefore important to understand the sharing dynamics on these forums. However, most studies trying to capture these dynamics rely only on Twitters open APIs to measure how frequently articles are shared/retweeted, and therefore do not capture how many users actually read the articles linked in these tweets. To address this problem, in this paper, we first develop a novel measurement methodology, which combines the Twitter steaming API, the Bitly API, and careful sample rate selection to simultaneously collect and analyze the timeline of both the number of retweets and clicks generated by news article links. Second, we present a temporal analysis of the news cycle based on five-day-long traces (containing both clicks and retweet over time) for the news article links discovered during a seven-day period. Among other things, our analysis highlights differences in the relative timelines observed for clicks and retweets (e.g., retweet data often lags and underestimates the bias towards reading popular links/articles), and helps answer important questions regarding differences in how age-based biases and churn affect how frequently news articles shared on Twitter are accessed over time.
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