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| 5. |
- Estvall, Martin, 1968-
(författare)
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Sjöfart på stormigt hav : Sjömannen och Svensk Sjöfarts tidning inför den nazistiska utmaningen 1932-1945
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to discuss German Nazism and Nazi Germany from the point of view of two specific representatives, namely, labour and capital. This has been facilitated by analysing the content of the Swedish Seamen’s Union’s newspaper, The Seafarer [Sjömannen] and its union counterpart, the Swedish Shipowners Association’s periodical, Scandinavian Shipping Gazette [Svensk Sjöfarts Tidning], from November 1932 up to and including 1945. The shipping industry was chosen because trade was of central importance to the Swedish economy and to relations with Nazi Germany. Direct contact with Nazi Germany meant that the organisations were kept up-to-date about what was happening there.A qualitative analysis of texts and images constitutes the major part of the study. This is complemented by a quantitative examination of the intensity of reporting on Nazi Germany.There were enormous differences between the two papers, both in terms of intensity and bias, with regard to the Nazi challenge. While The Seafarer described both Nazism and Nazis in strongly negative terms, the Scandinavian Shipping Gazette chose to remain silent. The Seafarer encouraged counteractions like demonstrations, strikes, boycotts and sanctions, whereas the Scandinavian Shipping Gazette considered such measures to be “undemocratic” and argued against them. The material in The Seafarer is strongly propagandist and always keenly opposed to Nazism and anti-Semitism. The paper served as an anti-Nazi mouth-piece. The means of expression range from poems, drawings and illustrations via highly factual and biased reports to weightier multi-page ideological analyses. All in all, the Nazi regime is described as one of violence and terror that is bent on stifling both the working class and people of other “races”. In sharp contrast, the study shows that the Scandinavian Shipping Gazette dedicates itself to describing events and developments taking place in Nazi Germany.There was no class-transgressing national ideology or policy within the shipping industry with which to facilitate an understanding of the Nazi challenge. In the study, class affinity has proved to be an important, and clearly distinct, factor in the approach to Nazism.
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| 6. |
- Saether, Stein Are, et al.
(författare)
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Sex chromosome-linked species recognition and evolution of reproductive isolation in flycatchers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 318:5847, s. 95-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interbreeding between species (hybridization) typically produces unfit offspring. Reduced hybridization should therefore be favored by natural selection. However, this is difficult to accomplish because hybridization also sets the stage for genetic recombination to dissociate species-specific traits from the preferences for them. Here we show that this association is maintained by physical linkage (on the same chromosome) in two hybridizing Ficedula flycatchers. By analyzing the mating patterns of female hybrids and cross-fostered offspring, we demonstrate that species recognition is inherited on the Z chromosome, which is also the known location of species-specific male plumage traits and genes causing low hybrid fitness. Limited recombination on the Z chromosome maintains associations of Z-linked genes despite hybridization, suggesting that the sex chromosomes may be a hotspot for adaptive speciation.
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| 7. |
- Sandstrom, O., et al.
(författare)
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Three decades of Swedish experience demonstrates the need for integrated long-term monitoring of fish in marine coastal areas
- 2005
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Ingår i: Water Quality Research Journal of Canada. - 1201-3080. ; 40:3, s. 233-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first attempts to monitor coastal fish in Sweden were made in the 1960s and 1970s. Ecological, physiological, biochemical and environmental chemistry data were collected in separate projects. When the National Marine Monitoring Programme was revised in 1992, a new strategy was introduced for assessments of long-term trends in coastal fish communities. Annual integrated monitoring of contaminants, biomarkers and population and community indicators of ecosystem health was started in selected areas using common sentinel species. Data from one monitoring area at the coast of the Baltic proper are analyzed in this paper. The results have shown a shift in fish community structure indicating changes in ecosystem productivity. Trends have been detected in growth rate (positive) and relative gonad size (negative) in perch (Perca fluviatilis), suggesting a metabolic disturbance according to the predictive response model developed for interpretations. One factor which may have contributed to the reduced GSI was a decrease in mean age of sampled fish during the period of study. Chemical exposure was indicated by a 3-fold increase of EROD activity during the monitored 15-year period. However, concentrations of most measured contaminants in perch have decreased during the same period. The experience of the integrated approach has shown that a tentative analysis of cause and environmental significance could be made, improving the assessment, but there still remain unsolved questions to be answered in follow-up studies. The analysis has also shown the importance of long-term monitoring at several levels of biological organization to distinguish between natural variation and low-level effects on ecosystems.
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| 10. |
- Trinh, David Huy, et al.
(författare)
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Radio frequency dual magnetron sputtering deposition and characterization of nanocomposite Al2O3-ZrO2 thin films
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 24:2, s. 309-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radio frequency magnetron sputtering from oxide targets has been used to synthesize crystalline alumina–zirconia nanocomposites at a relatively low temperature of 450 °C. Films of different compositions have been deposited ranging from pure zirconia to pure alumina, the compositions being measured with Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection analysis. X-ray diffraction studies show the presence of the monoclinic zirconia phase in pure zirconia films. Addition of alumina into the film results in the growth of the cubic zirconia phase and amorphous alumina. No crystalline alumina was detected in either the composite or the pure alumina film. The microstructure of the films as studied by high resolution electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy shows a columnar growth mode in both the pure zirconia and nanocomposite films, but reveals differences in the intracolumnar structure. For the nanocomposite small equiaxed grains, ~5 nm in size, are found at the base of the columns at the interface with the substrate. An amorphous tissue of alumina was present between the small crystallites in the case of the nanocomposite.
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| 11. |
- Zhang, Fengling, et al.
(författare)
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Low-bandgap alternating fluorene copolymer/methanofullerene heterojunctions in efficient near-infrared polymer solar cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany). ; 18:16, s. 2169-2173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient near-IR polymer solar cells based on the low-bandgap alternating fluorene copolymer APFO-Green 5 exhibit a photoresponse up to 800 nm. The copolymer performs well in combination with the common electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM), reaching a power-conversion efficiency of 2.2% with a lower PCBM content in the active layer than previous devices based on low-bandgap polymers. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 14. |
- Almasri, Abdullah, et al.
(författare)
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A study of residential radon in Sweden using multilevel analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Health Physics Journal, to appear 2008.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Swedish radon data set, consisting of more than 8000 measurements of residential radon levels in about 50% of the Swedish municipalities were analysed using a multilevel approach.The results were compared with those of a single-level analysis. We found that there was a significant variability between municipalities. The point estimates of the population mean radon levels were similar (geometric mean 60 Bq/m3 and arithmetic mean 106 Bq/m3).The analysis shows the advantages of multilevel modeling compared with a single-level OLS model.A single-level model results in too optimistic standard errors, about 25% of those of the multilevelmodel which can lead to erroneous conclusions.In a multilevel model including house type as a fixed effect (single-family house, row house, or apartment in multi-family house), the estimates of the fixed effect of house type were similar for the single-level and the multi-level models
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Inger, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Health related quality of life in stem cell transplantation: clinical and psychometric validation of the questionnaire module, High Dose Chemotherapy (HDC-19).
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 47:2, s. 275-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the HDC-19, a module questionnaire for assessing symptoms and problems of patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) following high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). It consists of 19 questions and was developed for use in conjunction with EORTC QLQ-C30. Psychometric evaluations were performed according to guidelines recommended by the EORTC. The principal component analyses suggested that nine of the HDC-19 items could be reduced to four components (sexual functioning, future health perspectives, skin irritations and joint/muscle pain). Multitrait scaling analysis showed that most item-scale correlation coefficients met the standards of convergent (>0.40) and discriminant validity. Test-retest reliability coefficients between assessments at inclusion and admission were high, indicating that perceived health status remained virtually unchanged during this period. As expected, correlations between admission and one month after transplantation were considerably lower. The internal consistency of the multi-item scales was also satisfactory, (Cronbach's alpha 0.59-0.87). Overall, the known-groups comparisons showed smaller differences between designated groups than expected. As expected, changes in the HDC-19 mirrored changes in QLQ-C30 'global quality of life'. These results lend support to the validity of the HDC-19 as a supplementary questionnaire for assessing specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) issues relevant for SCT patients.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Echogenecity of the carotid intima-media complex is related to cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation The Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 204:2, s. 612-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), measured by ultrasound, is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Since presence of echolucent plaques increases the risk further, we investigated if echogenecity of the carotid intima-media complex is related to markers of cardiovascular risk. Our aim was therefore to investigate if intima-media echogenecity is related to cardiovascular risk factors, or to markers of inflammation and oxidation in an exploratory investigation. Methods: The PIVUS cohort study is an observational study of 1016 (509 women and 507 men) randomly chosen individuals aged 70 living in Uppsala, Sweden. Carotid artery ultrasound measurements were performed. IMT and the grey scale median (GSM) value were calculated in the intima-media complex (IM-GSM) in the far wall of the common carotid artery. Traditional risk factors were evaluated together with indices of oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: In the multiple regression analysis, HDL-cholesterol, body mass index, conjugated diens, glutathione, e-selectin and TNF alfa were significantly related to IM-GSM. IMT was independently related to blood pressure, smoking and body mass index. Conclusion: The echolucency of the carotid intima-media was related to several cardiovascular risk factors not related to IMT, such as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Since the echogenecity of the carotid intima-media complex was related to different risk factors compared to carotid IMT, it is worthwhile to further explore the usefulness of this new marker of the vascular wall. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Lars-Erik, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for use of a non-selfintersection conjecture
- 2006
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Ingår i: Computer Aided Geometric Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8396 .- 1879-2332. ; 23:7, s. 599-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volino and Thalmann have published a conjecture proposing sufficient conditions for non-selfintersection of surfaces. Such conditions may be used in solid modeling, computer graphics, and other application areas, as a basis for collision-detection algorithms. In this paper we clarify certain of the hypotheses of the proposed theorem, and give a proof. A brief summary of possible pitfalls related to using the conditions, when the hypotheses of the formal theorem given here are not satisfied, is also given. We also give examples, and show that the theorem can be extended to domains that are not simply connected. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Lars-Erik, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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On the existence and uniqueness of steady state solutions in thermoelastic contact with frictional heating
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section A Mathematics. - : The Royal Society. - 0308-2105 .- 1473-7124. ; 461:2057, s. 1261-1282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that contact and friction in thermoelasticity result in mathematical problems which may lack solutions or have multiple solutions. Previously, issues related to thermal contact and issues related to frictional heating have been discussed separately. In this work, the two effects are coupled. Theorems of existence and uniqueness of solutions in two or three space dimensions are obtained - essentially extending, to frictional heating, results due to Duvaut, which were built on Barber's heat exchange conditions. Two qualitatively different existence results are given. The first one requires that the contact thermal resistance goes to zero at least as fast as the inverse of the contact pressure. The second existence theorem requires no such growth condition, but requires instead that the frictional heating, i.e. the sliding velocity times the friction coefficient, is small enough. Finally, it is shown that a solution is unique if the inverse of the contact thermal resistance is Lipschitz continuous and the Lipschitz constant, as well as the frictional heating, is small enough.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Lars-Erik, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoelastic Contact with Frictional Heating
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nonsmooth Mechanics and Analysis,2003. - New York : Springer Science+business Media, inc.. ; , s. 61-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Lars M, et al.
(författare)
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Historikerna och moralen
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sverige och Nazityskland. - Stockholm : Dialogos. - 9789175042008 ; , s. 9-25
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Lars M, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2008
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Ingår i: En problematisk relation?. - Uppsala : Historiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet. - 9789197731218 ; , s. 7-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Lars M, et al.
(författare)
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Lära av det förflutna?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Fjorton perspektiv på framtiden. - Stockholm : Institutet för Framtidsstudier. - 9789185619344 ; , s. 78-93
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Andersson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Microemulsion-mediated room-temperature synthesis of high-surface-area rutile and its photocatalytic performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 111:18, s. 6789-6797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanosized titania having the rutile crystalline structure was synthesized at room temperature using a microemulsion-mediated system. The formed rutile particles had a diameter of 3 nm, which corresponds well with the droplet size of the water-in-oil microemulsion used for their preparation. The crystallinity was monitored by both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction, together with dark-field electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. The rutile had a high specific surface area (similar to 300 m(2)/g) according to N-2 adsorption and the BET equation. To our knowledge, this is the highest specific surface area ever reported for rutile. The rutile crystals aligned in a specific crystallographic direction forming elongated aggregates 200-1000 nm in size, as observed by TEM and high-resolution TEM. The titania formation was followed in situ using dynamic light scattering and UV-vis spectroscopy, and together with TEM and XRD performed on samples collected throughout the duration of the titania synthesis, the results gave support for a formation scheme involving the initial formation of amorphous titania followed by crystallization of rutile. The photocatalytic performance of the formed material was evaluated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and compared to that of a rutile sample having a lower specific surface area (similar to 40 m(2)/g). The TEM and formate adsorption experiments revealed that the high-surface-area rutile had a much higher fraction of (101) facets than the low-surface-area sample, which predominantly exposed (110) facets. In particular, a new bidentate formate (mu-formate) species bridge-bonded to the (101) facet could be identified with characteristic bands at 1547 and 1387 cm(-1). The photodegradation rate of this species was found to be similar to the mu-formate species on the (110) facet. However, the overall formate degradation rate was larger on the high-surface-area rutile sample because of a high concentration of the more readily photodegradable monodentate formate (eta(1)-formate) on that sample.
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Mats, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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MRI combined with MR cholangiopancreatography versus helical CT in the evaluation of patients with suspected periampullary tumors: a prospective comparative study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Radiol. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851. ; 46:1, s. 16-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of MRI including MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) compared with helical CT in the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions in the periampullary region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients (27 M, 24 F, mean age 66 years, range 39-86 years) with obstructive jaundice and sonographic evidence of intra- and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation (n=31) or suspicion of periampullary tumor, based on previously performed ultrasound and/or CT examination (n=20), were studied. MRI with MRCP and helical CT were reviewed blindly under standardized conditions. Lesion status (differentiation of malignant versus benign) was rated on a 5-point diagnostic confidence scale. Reference standards for comparison were findings at surgery or laparoscopy and/ or the clinical outcome. The predictive value of imaging findings was determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.96 for MRI with MRCP and 0.81 for CT (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis of eight imaging variables at MRI indicated that a stricture with malignant characteristics at MRCP was the best predictor of malignancy. CONCLUSION: MRI with MRCP was significantly more accurate than CT in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions in patients with suspected periampullary tumors, mainly due to the information obtained on the MRCP images of the biliary and pancreatic duct anatomy.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Flink, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and thermal stability of arc evaporated (Ti0.33Al0.67)1 − xSixN thin films
- 2008
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 517:2, s. 714-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Ti0.33Al0.67)1 − xSixN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.29) thin solid films were deposited onto cemented carbide substrates by arc evaporation and analyzed using analytical electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, and density functional theory. As-deposited films with x ≤ 0.02 consisted mainly of a metastable c-(Ti,Al)N solid solution for which Si serves as a veritable grain refiner. Additional Si promoted growth of a hexagonal wurtzite (Al,Ti,Si)N solid solution, which dominated at 0.02 < x < 0.17. For x ≥ 0.17, the films were X-ray amorphous. Despite these widely different microstructures, all as-deposited films had nanoindentation hardness in the narrow range of 22–25 GPa. Isothermal annealing of the x = 0.01 alloy film at a temperature of 900 °C, corresponding to that in turning operation, resulted in spinodal decomposition into c-AlN and TiN and precipitation of h-AlN. For x = 0.09 films, annealing between 600 °C and 1000 °C yielded c-TiN precipitation from the h-(Al,Ti,Si)N phase. Furthermore, the x = 0.01 and x = 0.09 films exhibited substantial age hardening at 900 °C, to 34 GPa and 29 GPa due to spinodal decomposition and c-TiN precipitation, respectively. Films with a majority of c-(Ti,Al)N phase worked best in steel turning tests, while films with x > 0.02 developed cracks during such operation. We propose that the cracks are due to tensile strain which is caused by a decrease in molar volume during the phase transformation from hexagonal wurtzite (Al,Ti,Si)N into cubic TiN phase, which results in degradation in machining performance.
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| 35. |
- Hammarström, Per, 1960-
(författare)
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Nationens styvbarn : Judisk samhällsintegration i några Norrlandsstäder 1870-1940
- 2007
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Ingår i: Svensk kyrkotidning. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 0346-2153. ; :51-52, s. 664-
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka vilken ekonomisk och social ställning den judiska minoriteten intog i det svenska samhället under perioden 1870 till 1940. Tidigare forskning har riktat stor uppmärksamhet mot rättsliga och politiska aspekter av den svenska judenhetens historia, mer sällan mot judarna och samhället i en bredare bemärkelse. Andra studier har lyft fram antisemitism på svensk mark utan att koppla fenomenet till en social nivå.Genom en undersökning av hur judiska invandrare, med ursprung i Östeuropa, successivt fogades in i några svenska lokalsamhällen, tar denna avhandling ett bredare grepp på frågan om judarna och samhället. Här undersöks hur den svenska judenheten integrerades i samhället efter det att emancipationen gett judarna fulla medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter. Judarnas ekonomiska och sociala ställning undersöks, liksom den sociala antisemitism som drabbade judarna. Studien rör sig i gränslandet mellan social- och kulturhistoria. Undersökningen visar att merparten av judarna i Sundsvall, en betydelsefull handelsstad i norra Sverige, fick sin försörjning genom en föga lönsam gårdfarihandel under början av undersökningsperioden. Sedan butiks- och grosshandelsrörelser började grundas inleddes en långsam socioekonomisk klättring. I takt med de ekonomiska framgångarna ökade judarnas sociala status, med engagemang i föreningslivet och lokalpolitiken. De framgångsrika familjerna tonade ner sin judiska identitet till förmån för en borgerlig och nationell kultur.Ungefär hälften av den judiska gruppen fick aldrig uppleva framgången utan förblev en marginaliserad grupp, med småhantverk eller gårdfarihandel som försörjningsbas. Det stora flertalet av denna underklass saknade svenskt medborgarskap. En social klyfta vidgades gentemot den judiska borgerligheten. Under hela undersökningsperioden var antisemitismen en kulturell kod i majoritetssamhället, oavsett integration och socioekonomisk framgång. Mycket tyder på att det sociala klimatet blev mer fientligt gentemot judarna efter 1920. Studien visar att nationalstaten Sverige lämnade litet utrymme för multikulturella strukturer. Judarna accepterades som nationens styvbarn men knappast som fullvärdiga svenskar.
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| 36. |
- Hemdal, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Can the average glandular dose in routine digital mammography screening be reduced? A pilot study using revised image quality criteria.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 383-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for tools that in a simple way can be used for the evaluation of image quality related to clinical requirements in mammography. The aim of this work was to adjust the present European image quality criteria to be relevant also for digital mammography images, and to use as simple and as few criteria as possible. A pilot evaluation of the new set of criteria was made with mammograms of 28 women from a General Electric Senographe 2000D full-field digital mammography system. One breast was exposed using the standard automatic exposure mode, the other using about half of that absorbed dose. Three experienced radiologists evaluated the images using visual grading analysis technique. The results indicate that the new quality criteria can be used for the evaluation of image quality related to clinical requirements in digital mammography in a simple way. The results also suggest that absorbed doses for the mammography system used may be substantially reduced.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Kiselev, A., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of diisopropyl fluorophosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate over dry and wet rutile TiO2
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A. - : Elsevier BV. - 1010-6030 .- 1873-2666. ; 184:1-2, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanosized, crystalline rutile TiO2 was synthesized at room temperature using a microemulsion-mediated system followed by hydrothermal treatment. The formed rutile had a specific surface area of about 40 m(2) g(-1) and the rutile crystals had dimensions of about 10 nm x 150 nm, which aggregated into 200-1000nm sized bundles. The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) over these rutile TiO2 nanoparticles in dry and wet synthetic air was investigated by in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy during simulated solar light illumination. The methyl and isopropyl groups do not dissociate upon adsorption on either dry or humidified rutile nanoparticles. The F atom in DFP is, however, easily hydrolyzed and is readily dissociated upon interaction with hydroxyls on the TiO2 surfaces and leads to a destabilization of the DFP molecule. The initial solar light induced photodegradation rate for DFP and DMMP is 5.9 x 10(-4) and 1.0 x 10(-4) s(-1) in dry conditions and 8.1 x 10(-4) and 0.7 x 10(-4) s(-1) in wet conditions (corresponding to 2-3 monolayers (ML) water coverage), respectively. The main intermediate partial oxidation surface products are found to be surface bound formate-carboxylate-carbonate (R-COO-) and phosphate (R-POO-) species. Among them eta(1)-coordinated acetone and mu-formate, bicarbonate, and bidentate R-POO- moieties are detected. These surface species accumulate on the surface during the entire illumination period (60 min), and lead to a decreased total oxidation rate. Controlled humidification of the rutile surface leads to a reduction of the concentration of R-COO- intermediates, while at the same time maintaining approximately the same rate of DFP and DMMP photooxidation. The latter is due to blocking of Ti surface cation sites, which prevents the formation of strongly bonded surface compounds, in particular mu-coordinated R-COO- and R-POO- species. The findings show that, it is possible to optimize the sustained photocatalytic degradation of organic phosphorous compounds by controlled humidification of the reaction gas. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Kiselev, A, et al.
(författare)
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Solar light decomposition of DFP on the surface of anatase and rutile TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal treatment of microemulsions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 584:1, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photocatalytic decomposition of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) over nanostructured anatase and rutile TiO2 powder was investigated by FTIR and XPS. Upon irradiation with artificial solar light DFP decomposed on both polymorphs as evidenced by FTIR. For both crystalline structures acetone and subsequently coordinated formate and carbonate were observed on the surface during the photocatalytic reaction is the isopropyl groups dissociated from DFP. XPS revealed that small amounts of phosphates and inorganic fluoride (Ti-F) gradually built up on both TiO2 surfaces, while organic F was present only on the rutile phase. From repeated cycles of intermittent DFP adsorption and irradiation measurements, the decomposition rates and formation of residuals on the surface were deduced. It was found that the overall oxidation yield is higher on anatase than rutile. The oxidation rate decreases with increasing irradiation time. an effect that is more pronounced on rutile. We find that both the difference between the polymorphs and the initial decrease of the oxidation yield can largely be explained by variations in surface area rather than poisoning by POx or F species. In particular, we observe a dramatic decrease of the specific area or rutile as a function of photocatalytic oxidation cycle. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Kvist Geverts, Karin, 1974-
(författare)
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Ett främmande element i nationen : Svensk flyktingpolitik och de judiska flyktingarna 1938−1944
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim is to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of social categorization and discrimination, as well as the connection between them. This has been accomplished by examining Swedish refugee policy towards Jewish refugees during the Second World War and the Holocaust, as conducted by The Foreigner’s Bureau of the National Board of Health and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs during 1938−1944. The study also compares the Swedish refugee policy with that of Denmark, Switzerland, Great Britain and the United States. The investigation is guided by such concepts as social categorization, discrimination, antisemitism, organizational culture and established practice. The primary sources are documents, minutes and personal dossiers; Svensk författningssamling (legislation) and articles in Sociala Meddelanden (the National Board’s official journal).The main conclusions are that Sweden was not perceived as a country of immigration, based partly of the widespread fear that too many Jewish refugees would create a “Jewish Question”. Swedish authorities discriminated against Jewish refugees on grounds of “race” through a process of categorization. This process began already in the 1920’s, and gradually transformed the definition of “Jew” from a religious to a “racial” definition, based on the Nuremberg Laws. The differentiation of Jewish refugees in official statistics ceased in September 1943, yet it continued secretly until February 1944, encompassing the Norwegian and Danish Jews as well. One important result shows that the shift in policy – from discrimination to large scale reception – was a slow process where this differentiating practice and antisemitic perceptions remained operative. What is defined as an antisemitic background bustle is used to explain how moderate antisemitic expressions were perceived as “unbiased” and “normal” within the Swedish society. Though Sweden’s refugee policy seems similar to that of other countries surveyed, the shift in policy stands out as unique in comparison.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lundin, A., et al.
(författare)
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Slow genetic divergence of Helicobacter pylori strains during long-term colonization
- 2005
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 73:8, s. 4818-4822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic variability of Helicobacter pylori is known to be high compared to that of many other bacterial species. H. pylori is adapted to the human stomach, where it persists for decades, and adaptation to each host results in every individual harboring a distinctive bacterial population. Although clonal variants may exist within such a population, all isolates are generally genetically related and thus derived from a common ancestor. We sought to determine the rate of genetic change of H. pylori over 9 years in two asymptomatic adult patients. Arbitrary primed PCR confirmed the relatedness of individual subclones within a patient. Furthermore, sequencing of 10 loci (similar to 6,000 bp) in three subclones per time and patient revealed only two base pair changes among the subclones from patient I. All sequences were identical among the patient II subclones. However, PCR amplification of the highly divergent gene amiA revealed great variation in the size of the gene between the subclones within each patient. Thus, both patients harbored a single strain with clonal variants at both times. We also studied genetic changes in culture- and mouse-passaged strains, and under both conditions no genetic divergence was found. These results suggest that previous estimates of the rate of genetic change in H. pylori within an individual might be overestimates.
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| 43. |
- Löfqvist, Chatarina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Reference Values for Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and the Ratio of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I to IGFBP-3 throughout Childhood and Adolescence
- 2005
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Ingår i: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. - : The Endocrine Society. ; 90:3, s. 1420-1427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To facilitate the diagnosis of GH deficiency and monitor GH therapy, we constructed two reference models to allow comparison of serum IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 concentrations and IGF-I to IGFBP-3 ratios among children throughout childhood and adolescence. This report presents equations for determining the sd score of IGFBP-3 and IGF-I to IGFBP-3 measurements for individual patients. The data set contains serum values from 468 healthy children and adolescents (232 males, 236 females; ages 1.1-18.3 yr) whose height, weight, and body mass index were within +/- 3 sd of means. Puberty was classified according to breast development (B) and testicular volume into pre-, early, mid-, and late puberty. The values of IGFBP-3 and IGF-I to IGFBP-3 ratios were log transformed, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify models for converting serum concentrations into sd scores. The models include the variables of age, gender, and puberty and take into account the interactions among these variables. The best linear models explain 42% of the variation in serum IGFBP-3 concentrations and 50% of the variation in serum IGF-I to IGFBP-3 concentrations. The relationship between age and log(IGFBP-3) was positive for boys in pre-, early, and midpuberty. In late puberty, values were higher than earlier in puberty, and there was a negative relationship with age. For girls the relationship between age and log(IGFBP-3) also was positive in pre- and early puberty, with larger effect for girls older than 8 yr. Values for girls in midpuberty were relatively constant, and in late puberty values were higher than earlier in puberty, and there was a negative relationship with age. The relationship between age and log(IGF-I to IGFBP-3 ratio) was positive for boys in pre-, early, and early midpuberty (volume = 9-14 ml). In late midpuberty (volume = 15-19 ml), the relationship between age and IGF-I to IGFBP-3 ratio was negative. In late puberty, values were relatively constant and higher than earlier in puberty. For girls in prepuberty, the relationship with age was positive, with a larger effect in girls older than 8 yr. In early puberty, the girls' values were relatively constant. In early midpuberty (B = 3), log(IGF-I to IGFBP-3 ratio) values were higher for girls than boys of the same age. In late midpuberty (B = 4), the relationship with age was negative, and in late puberty values were relatively constant and higher than earlier in puberty.
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| 44. |
- Nestorson, Anna, 1978-
(författare)
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Dispersion Coating for Active Food Packaging: Aroma Interactions and Oxygen Scavenging
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACTActive packaging materials prolong the shelf life or preserve the quality of packed food by absorbing oxygen, ethylene, moisture or odours, or by releasing antimicrobial agents, antioxidants or flavours. In dispersion coating, a latex is applied onto paper or paperboard to form a barrier film against water, water vapour, oil or gases. Latex particles have a large specific area and, during drying, an extensive three-dimensional network within the coating layer is created. These surfaces and interfaces were used to create new active packaging materials in terms of odour removal, aroma emission and oxygen scavenging. Styrene-butadiene and styrene-acrylate latices with different degrees of carboxylation were investigated, in the presence and absence of talc or clay fillers.In an odour-removal coating, the partition of the aroma compounds must be towards the film in preference to the gas or liquid phase. The styrene-acrylate films showed a higher affinity for the polar aroma compounds, and the styrene-butadiene films showed a higher affinity for the non-polar aroma compounds, in accordance with the calculated solubility parameters. Addition of talc decreased the affinity of the film for the aroma compounds. To create an aroma-releasing film, aroma solutions were added to the dispersion phase followed by coating and drying, but most of the aroma compounds were lost during the drying process. Talc increased the uptake and retention of the aroma compounds to a large extent. In the films, the diffusivity of the aroma compounds decreased with increased carboxylation of the styrene-acrylate latex particles. It was easier to alter the diffusion and the release rate of the aroma compounds by changing the temperature above and below the glass transition temperature of the polymer film than by varying the amount of carboxylic acids to change the cohesive energy density of the polymer film.The total oxygen-removal capacity of films with enzyme immobilized on latex particles in the dispersion followed by film formation or with entrapped enzyme was higher than that of films with enzyme immobilized on an already formed film, even though a larger amount of enzyme was needed in the former cases. The activity of covalently bonded enzyme was lower than that of entrapped enzyme. With large amounts of clay, the enzyme activity increased. The most suitable storage temperature to retain the enzyme activity was +8ºC, which is close to the Tg of the polymer film.
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| 45. |
- Palosuo, Laura, 1976-
(författare)
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Yellow Stars and Trouser Inspections : Jewish Testimonies from Hungary, 1920–1945
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyzes narratives of individual Jewish experiences of discrimination and genocidal violence in Hungary during the period of 1920–1945. The aim is to increase our knowledge and understanding of the events through an investigation of survivor testimonies concerning anti-Jewish laws and the Holocaust. The main focus is on how survivors perceived the treatment to which they and their fellow Jews were exposed, and how they responded to the persecution they faced. Perceptions and responses are analyzed through multiple factors such as gender, age, social class, and geographical place.The period under investigation stretches from 1920, when the law of Numerus Clausus (a quota system influencing admission to universities) was introduced, until the end of the Second World War in early 1945. Focus is placed on the war years, especially on 1944, the year of German occupation and the fascist Arrow Cross rule. Experiences from the labour service system, the Jewish houses in Budapest, and the ghettos, as well as of hiding and resistance, are some of the recurring themes which are examined here. Extensive interviews, along with eyewitness reports and memoirs, form the empirical basis of the study.The results demonstrate the complexity of individual experiences during times of upheaval, and the importance of the above factors is evident within the testimonies. The survivors’ experiences greatly depended on gender, age, social class, geographical place, civil status, religious orientation, as well as “race”. However, the importance of the different factors changed over time. For instance, in the beginning of this period, discrimination had a direct impact on adult males, while children, women, and the elderly were indirectly affected. Furthermore, persons belonging to the upper classes could circumvent the anti-Jewish laws in various ways. Ultimately, differences in treatment decreased, according to the testimonies. Women, children, and the elderly also became victims, as did individuals from all social classes.
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| 46. |
- Petersen, Greta, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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RatMap--rat genome tools and data.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nucleic acids research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1362-4962 .- 0305-1048. ; 33:Database issue
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rat genome database RatMap (http://ratmap.org or http://ratmap.gen.gu.se) has been one of the main resources for rat genome information since 1994. The database is maintained by CMB-Genetics at Goteborg University in Sweden and provides information on rat genes, polymorphic rat DNA-markers and rat quantitative trait loci (QTLs), all curated at RatMap. The database is under the supervision of the Rat Gene and Nomenclature Committee (RGNC); thus much attention is paid to rat gene nomenclature. RatMap presents information on rat idiograms, karyotypes and provides a unified presentation of the rat genome sequence and integrated rat linkage maps. A set of tools is also available to facilitate the identification and characterization of rat QTLs, as well as the estimation of exon/intron number and sizes in individual rat genes. Furthermore, comparative gene maps of rat in regard to mouse and human are provided.
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| 47. |
- Reinsch-Campbell, Anette, 1965-
(författare)
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Tradition and Modernity : Images of Jews in Latvian Novels 1934 – 1944
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Jews have been represented in Latvian literature for centuries. This dissertation investigates the images of Jews in a comprehensive selection of Latvian novels published between 1934–1944 in order to establish whether, and to what extent, the traditional images are subject to change under the pressure of modernity, nationalism and a rapidly changing political situation.Since most representations of, and references to, Jews in this literature are very brief, it is necessary to initially deprive the individual works of their titles and authors and let them form an authorless entity, a Corpus, however diverse, yet representative of Latvian society at the time.Through this approach the centres of attention are put aside, and the scattered images of Jews are brought into focus. With the help of a Matrix designed for this purpose, all ‘Jews’ are sorted and analysed. The Matrix, including also linguistic references, illustrates how Jews in the discourse are made to represent the ‘other’ through the provision of certain pieces of information and the omission others. The Jews in the Corpus, with very few exceptions, are thus systematically and consistently reduced to blank images and stereotypes. Through this process they are also subject to ‘othering’ and dehumanisation, albeit not necessarily articulated as such.The social distance between Latvians and Jews becomes more pronounced in the Corpus compared to in the Latvian literary tradition, and there are several examples of negative attitudes and anti-Semitism. Yet, with regard to the extreme political situation, especially under Soviet and Nazi occupations, these examples are fewer than expected: the investigated literature follows its own traditions and, with hardly any exceptions, does not reflect societal and political changes immediately.
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| 48. |
- Saiki, Atsuhito, et al.
(författare)
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Tenomodulin is highly expressed in adipose tissue, increased in obesity, and down-regulated during diet-induced weight loss.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 94:10, s. 3987-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Tenomodulin (TNMD), a putative angiogenesis inhibitor, is expressed in hypovascular connective tissues. Global gene expression scans show that the TNMD gene also is expressed in human adipose tissue and that its expression is regulated in response to weight reduction; however, more detailed information is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate TNMD tissue distribution and TNMD gene expression in human adipose tissue in relation to obesity and metabolic disease. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: TNMD gene expression, tissue distribution, and TNMD gene expression in adipose tissue from different depots, from lean and obese subjects, and during diet-induced weight reduction were analyzed by DNA microarray and real-time PCR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We primarily measured TNMD gene expression. RESULTS: The TNMD gene was predominantly expressed in sc adipose tissue. TNMD gene expression was higher in sc than omental adipose tissue both in lean (P = 0.002) and obese subjects (P = 0.014). In both women and men, TNMD gene expression was significantly higher in the obese subjects compared to the lean subjects (P = 1.1 x 10(-26) and P = 0.010, respectively). In a multiple linear regression analysis, BMI was a significant independent predictor of TNMD gene expression. TNMD gene expression was down-regulated during diet-induced weight loss, with a 65% decrease after 18 wk of diet (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that human adipose tissue TNMD gene expression is highly affected by obesity, adipose tissue location, and weight loss, indicating that TNMD may play a role in adipose tissue function.
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| 49. |
- Schiros, Theanne, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of water adsorbed on the open Cu(110) surface: H-up, H-down, or both?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 429:4-6, s. 415-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the structure of the water monolayer on an open surface, Cu(1 1 0), at low temperature. We found that water adsorbs molecularly, adopting a 2:1 ratio of H-down and H-up configurations. This behavior of water on an open surface is quite different to the behavior on close-packed surfaces, such as Pt(1 1 1) and Ru(0 0 0 1), where water adsorbs primarily H-down, but can be understood on the basis of a range of different water adsorption sites across the observed (7 × 8) unit cell.
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| 50. |
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