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| 3. |
- Andersson, Siv G E, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative genomics of microbial pathogens and symbionts.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics. - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811. ; 18 Suppl 2, s. S17-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are interested in quantifying the contribution of gene acquisition, loss, expansion and rearrangements to the evolution of microbial genomes. Here, we discuss factors influencing microbial genome divergence based on pair-wise genome comparisons of closely related strains and species with different lifestyles. A particular focus is on intracellular pathogens and symbionts of the genera Rickettsia, Bartonella and BUCHNERA: Extensive gene loss and restricted access to phage and plasmid pools may provide an explanation for why single host pathogens are normally less successful than multihost pathogens. We note that species-specific genes tend to be shorter than orthologous genes, suggesting that a fraction of these may represent fossil-orfs, as also supported by multiple sequence alignments among species. The results of our genome comparisons are placed in the context of phylogenomic analyses of alpha and gamma proteobacteria. We highlight artefacts caused by different rates and patterns of mutations, suggesting that atypical phylogenetic placements can not a priori be taken as evidence for horizontal gene transfer events. The flexibility in genome structure among free-living microbes contrasts with the extreme stability observed for the small genomes of aphid endosymbionts, in which no rearrangements or inflow of genetic material have occurred during the past 50 millions years (1). Taken together, the results suggest that genomic stability correlate with the content of repeated sequences and mobile genetic elements, and thereby indirectly with bacterial lifestyles.
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| 8. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of panic disorder via the Internet : A randomized trial of a self-help program
- 2001
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Ingår i: Behavior Therapy. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 32:4, s. 751-764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This controlled study, evaluated an Internet-delivered self-help program plus minimal therapist contact via e-mail for people suffering front panic disorder. Out of the 500 individuals screened using the self-administered diagnostic instrument Composite International Diagnostic Interview in shortened form (World Health Organization, 1999), 41 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These participants were randomized to either treatment via the Internet or to a waiting-list control. The main components of the treatment were psychoeducation. breathing retraining, cognitive restructuring, interoceptive exposure. in vivo exposure, and relapse prevention. From pre- to post- test self-help, participants improved significantly more on almost all dimensions. The results from this experiment generally provide evidence for the continued use and development of self-help programs for panic disorder distributed via the Internet.
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| 9. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of panic disorder via the Internet : a randomized trial of CBT vs. applied relaxation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. - 0005-7916 .- 1873-7943. ; 34:2, s. 129-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized trial was conducted of two different self-help programs for panic disorder (PD) on the Internet. After confirming the PD-diagnosis with an in-person structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID) interview 22 participants were randomized to either applied relaxation (AR) or a multimodal treatment package based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Overall, the results suggest that Internet-administered self-help plus minimal therapist contact via e-mail has a significant medium to large effect (Cohen's d=0.71 for AR and d=0.42 for CBT). The results from this study generally provide evidence to support the continued use and development of Internet-distributed self-help programs.
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| 10. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Klasson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of minimal-gene-sets in host-dependent bacteria
- 2004
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Ingår i: Trends in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-842X .- 1878-4380. ; 12:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several attempts have been made to identify the minimal set of genes that is required for life using computational approaches or studies of deletion mutants. These experiments resemble those already performed by nature; a few hundred million years ago an ancestor of Escherichia coli was domesticated by aphids, which resulted in the elimination of 70–75% of the original bacterial genome. Amazingly, the small genomes of these imprisoned bacteria are more stable than those of their free-living relatives. Minimal-gene-sets that have evolved naturally are largely species-specific, with the exception of a small set of core genes that are required for information processing. Comparative genomics of host-dependent bacteria have shown that minimal-gene-sets can persist in nature for tens of millions of years provided that the environment is rich in nutrients, that the host population size is large and that there is a strong host-level selection for bacterial gene functions.
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| 13. |
- Larsen, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of activated mobile fibroblasts in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with mild asthma
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1535-4970. ; 170:10, s. 1049-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activated fibroblasts are suggested to be involved in the deposition of extracellular matrix in the formation of peribronchial fibrosis in asthma. We report the novel finding of activated elongated fibroblasts accompanied by elevated numbers of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 5 out of 12 patients with mild asthma (= 42%), whereas no fibroblasts were observed in the control subjects without asthma (n = 17). The elongated fibroblasts migrated twice as far when compared with fibroblasts from corresponding bronchial biopsies from the same patients, accompanied by an induced expression of RhoA and Rac1, indicating that the increased expression of these proteins are linked to increased migratory capabilities. Moreover, the elongated fibroblasts had an elevated production of the proteoglycans biglycan, versican, perlecan, and decorin, which correlated to an active cytoplasm in these cells. Differential expression patterns between the two fibroblast groups in motility-regulating proteins, such as cofilin, nuclear chloride ion channel protein, and heat-shock protein 20, were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. These findings indicate the presence of activated and mobile fibroblasts accompanied by an induced inflammatory response outside the airway epithelium in patients with mild asthma, results that may play a role in formation of airway fibrosis.
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| 15. |
- Mira, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial genome evolution : sources of variability.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 5:5, s. 506-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative genome analyses of close relatives have yielded exciting insight into the sources of microbial genome variability with respect to gene content, gene order and evolution of genes with unknown functions. The genomes of free-living bacteria often carry phages and repetitive sequences that mediate genomic rearrangements in contrast to the small genomes of obligate host-associated bacteria. This suggests that genomic stability correlates with the genomic content of repeated sequences and movable genetic elements, and thereby with bacterial lifestyle. Genes with unknown functions present in a single species tend to be shorter than conserved, functional genes, indicating that the fraction of unique genes in microbial genomes has been overestimated.
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| 16. |
- Nilsson-Ihrfelt, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer on the Internet : The quality of Swedish breast cancer websites
- 2004
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Ingår i: Breast. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9776 .- 1532-3080. ; 13:5, s. 376-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of Swedish-language breast cancer information available on the Internet. The questions explored were the extent and type of breast cancer information available, the coverage and correctness of that information, and whether the websites fulfilled the European Commission quality criteria for health-related websites. Three search engines were used to find websites containing medical information on breast cancer. An oncologist then evaluated the 29 relevant sites. Only seven of these were judged suitable for breast cancer patients. The coverage and correctness of the medical information varied considerably. None of the websites fulfilled the European Commission quality criteria. Therefore, considerable effort will be required before the Internet can serve as a valuable and up-to-date source of information on breast cancer for both professionals and laypersons. Our findings broadly match the results of earlier studies of English-language websites.
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| 17. |
- Tamas, Ivica, et al.
(författare)
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50 million years of genomic stasis in endosymbiotic bacteria.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 296:5577, s. 2376-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparison of two fully sequenced genomes of Buchnera aphidicola, the obligate endosymbionts of aphids, reveals the most extreme genome stability to date: no chromosome rearrangements or gene acquisitions have occurred in the past 50 to 70 million years, despite substantial sequence evolution and the inactivation and loss of individual genes. In contrast, the genomes of their closest free-living relatives, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., are more than 2000-fold more labile in content and gene order. The genomic stasis of B. aphidicola, likely attributable to the loss of phages, repeated sequences, and recA, indicates that B. aphidicola is no longer a source of ecological innovation for its hosts.
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| 18. |
- Westerlund, Tommy, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a model for counseling patients with dyspepsia in Swedish community pharmacies.
- 2003
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Ingår i: American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. - 1079-2082. ; 60:13, s. 1336-1341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outcomes of a counseling model designed to help pharmacists care for customers seeking nonprescription treatment for dyspepsia in Swedish community pharmacies were studied. A protocol containing 10 key questions based on clinical guidelines about dyspepsia symptoms and on studies of drug-related problems (DRPs) was implemented in six community pharmacies in Sweden. During two weeks in April 2002, all adult customers seeking self-care for dyspepsia were asked to participate in the interview. Depending on a customer's answers, pharmacy personnel gave advice, intervened for DRPs, or referred the customer to a physician. Customers who received advice or intervention were followed up by telephone. A total of 319 customers who met the study criteria agreed to participate. Of these, 183 (57%) received self-care advice, 37 (12%) had DRPs, and 39 (12%) were referred to a physician because of their symptoms. Of the 198 customers fulfilling the criteria for a follow-up interview, 130 (66%) participated. Nearly all of these customers were satisfied with their visit to the pharmacy, and 9 in 10 were pleased with the advice received. Eighty-five percent claimed they had followed the self-care advice, and two in three said they felt better. DRPs were resolved in 19 (86%) of the 22 customers with DRPs who were followed up. Only one customer in five who was advised to see a physician actually did so. A counseling model designed to discover and resolve problems related to symptoms and drug use appeared to have a favorable impact on outcomes in customers with dyspepsia seeking nonprescription drug treatment in Swedish pharmacies.
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| 19. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive distortions in recovered burn patients : the emotional Stroop task and autobiographical memory test
- 2002
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Ingår i: Burns. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 28:5, s. 465-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore cognitive distortions in recovered burn patients. Previous studies in trauma patients have shown trauma-specific attentional bias, long response latencies, and deficits in memory specificity. Eighteen former patients, burn injured 5-19 years ago and 18 matched controls performed the emotional Stroop task, including burn and general trauma-related words, and the autobiographical memory test (AMT). In addition, verbal fluency, life events, and current mood were assessed. Regarding the Stroop task, the recovered patients had longer response latencies to burn words than to neutral and trauma words, a difference not seen in the control subjects. Regarding the AMT, the memory specificity did not differ between the groups. Overall, the former patients had longer latencies than the controls and poorer verbal fluency. The present study showed that recovered burn patients display a moderate Stroop effect, i.e. an attentional bias, in spite of the fact that the injury occurred several years before the testing. This may imply that the recovered burn patients consider the burn an important issue in life. The post-burn patients also presented signs of a slight cognitive slowness as compared to the controls. This finding deserves further attention in the rehabilitation of burn patients.
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| 22. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of psychological health after accidental burn
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Trauma. - 0022-5282 .- 1529-8809. ; 57, s. 367--374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Burn victims often display psychological symptoms that can impede recovery, but knowledge about risk factors for psychopathology is limited. The aim was to predict psychological health at three months post-burn from coping and trauma-related factors assessed early in hospitalization. Methods: Thirty-four burn patients were interviewed during hospitalization about the accident and coping. Questionnaires were administered during hospitalization and at three months post-burn, including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for posttraumatic stress symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, arousal) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for mood. Results: Anxiety, depressive and avoidant symptoms at three months were highly predicted by baseline levels of these symptoms, and avoidant coping. Life threat when being burned predicted intrusive and arousal symptoms, and coping by Self-control predicted less intrusive symptoms. Burn severity was not predictive of psychological health. Conclusions: Coping style, life threat during the accident and early symptomatology are strong predictors of post-burn psychopathology.
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| 24. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(författare)
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Pruritus, personality traits, and coping in long-term follow-up of burn injured patients
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 84, s. 375-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Pruritus is a health problem after severe burn injury. In general, chronic pruritus is associated with psychological variables such as personality and coping. These associations have not been explored in burn patients, and long-term follow-ups are lacking. Objectives To assess frequency of pruritus and the role of personality traits and coping in pruritus long after a burn injury. Patients and methods The participants were recovered burn victims treated at the Burn Unit of Uppsala University Hospital 1-18 (mean 9.3) years earlier. Pruritus was assessed with one item in the Burn Specific Health Scale, personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, and coping was assessed with the Coping with Burns Questionnaire. Results Almost 60% of the participants had pruritus at follow-up. In stepwise logistic regressions, the personality trait Psychic trait anxiety and extent of burn (TBSA) explained 14 % of occasional pruritus. Further, 39 % of persistent pruritus was explained by the trait Lack of assertiveness, and the coping styles Instrumental action and Emotional Support, TBSA, and time since injury. Conclusion The majority of recovered burn patients reported chronic post-burn pruritus. Besides recency and extent of injury, maladaptive personality traits and coping styles were associated with the rating of pruritus. Psychological or psychiatric assessments may therefore be useful in the clinical follow-up of burn patients with chronic pruritus.
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| 25. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(författare)
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Pruritus, personality traits and coping in long-term follow-up of burn-injured patients
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 84:5, s. 375-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pruritus is a major problem after burn injury; however, prevalence and predictors of prolonged pruritus are not known. The aims were to assess frequency of pruritus and the role of personality traits and coping in prolonged pruritus. The participants were burn patients injured 1-18 years earlier (n=248). Pruritus was assessed with an item from the Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale, personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, and coping with the Coping with Burns Questionnaire. In all, 60% of the participants had pruritus at follow-up, however as the time after injury increased, the number of patients with persistent itch decreased. In logistic regression, 39% of the likelihood of having persistent pruritus was explained by greater extent of burn, less time after injury, and psychological features (being less assertive, and using more instrumental but less emotional support). In summary, chronic burn-related pruritus is rather common and psychological factors such as anxiety-related traits and coping are significantly associated with its presence.
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