| 1. |
- Zhang, Renyun, et al.
(författare)
-
Soap-film coating : High-speed deposition of multilayer nanofilms
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - Nature Publishing Group : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 3, s. Art. no. 1477-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coating of thin films is applied in numerous fields and many methods are employed for the deposition of these films. Some coating techniques may deposit films at high speed; for example, ordinary printing paper is coated with micrometre-thick layers of clay at a speed of tens of meters per second. However, to coat nanometre thin films at high speed, vacuum techniques are typically required, which increases the complexity of the process. Here, we report a simple wet chemical method for the high-speed coating of films with thicknesses at the nanometre level. This soap-film coating technique is based on forcing a substrate through a soap film that contains nanomaterials. Molecules and nanomaterials can be deposited at a thickness ranging from less than a monolayer to several layers at speeds up to meters per second. We believe that the soap-film coating method is potentially important for industrial-scale nanotechnology.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Kartläggning av ägarskiften i företag : Utveckling och dokumentation av dataunderlag
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Myndigheten för tillväxtpolitiska utvärderingar och analyser, Tillväxtanalys, har haft i uppdrag av regeringen att genomföra kartläggning och analys av ägarskiften i företag. Uppdraget omfattade även att göra jämförelser mellan generationsskiften och andra typer av ägarskiften som inte är åldersbaserade samt belysa möjligheten att följa upp företagens skifte och dynamik över tid. Tillväxtanalys lämnade i oktober 2013 en delrapportering av uppdraget som avser dels en kartläggning av åldersstrukturen i företagsstocken, dels en fördjupad analys av ägarskiften. Denna rapport är en redovisning av uppdragets sista del som innebär utveckling och dokumentation av dataunderlag för identifiering av ägarförändringar.SCB har på uppdrag av Tillväxtanalys undersökt möjligheten att bättre identifiera ägarskiften genom att integrera och göra en matchningskontroll av kompletterande uppgifter gällande delägare i fåmansaktiebolag som kan hämtas från Skatteverket, SKV, med redan befintlig information om företagsdynamik, vilken finns i Företagens och arbetsställenas dynamik, FAD, och den registerbaserade arbetsmarknadsstatisken, RAMS, på SCB. För att göra detta studeras företagens ägarskiften mellan åren 2010 och 2011. Uppdraget omfattar även att beskriva FAD gällande syfte, metodik och innehåll.Cirka 80 procent av samtliga företag oberoende av bolagsform överlevde mellan åren 2010 och 2011. Resterande företag har på något sätt förändrats. Företag läggs ned och andra startar som en del i strukturomvandlingen. Dessutom ser vi att många företag och arbetsställen byter ägare. Näringslivet visar på en stor dynamik och dynamiken omfattar många olika typer av förändringar.Bearbetningarna visar att det med hjälp av RAMS och SKV:s register går att följa och framställa uppgifter om ägarförändringar på ett bra sätt. Detta gäller både för fåmansaktiebolag, där det går att följa individuellt ägande, och för övriga juridiska former där förändringar i organisationsnummer kan spåras, vilket indikerar ändrade ägarförhållanden. Analysen visar att SKV:s register är ett bra komplement till RAMS och FAD och tillför ytterligare information. Samkörningen av dessa registerdata ger mer information än vad som kan fås ut av respektive registerkällor separat. Det går dessutom att koppla på annan information om anställda, omsättning och olika mått på lönsamhet från andra register.Tillväxtanalys rekommenderar därför att SCB får tillgång till register gällande ägarandelar från Skatteverket under en längre tidsperiod än enbart de undersökta åren. Detta för att kunna sammanställa en databas som möjliggör bättre och mer precisa analyser av olika dimensioner av näringslivsdynamik och ägarförändringar. Det vore dessutom önskvärt att denna databas görs tillgänglig för forskning och studier som ökar kunskapen om olika dimensioner av näringslivets strukturomvandling.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jauhiainen, Alexandra, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Distinct cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of the stress induced protein DDIT3/CHOP/GADD153
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DDIT3, also known as GADD153 or CHOP, encodes a basic leucine zipper transcription factor of the dimer forming C/EBP family. DDIT3 is known as a key regulator of cellular stress response, but its target genes and functions are not well characterized. Here, we applied a genome wide microarray based expression analysis to identify DDIT3 target genes and functions. By analyzing cells carrying tamoxifen inducible DDIT3 expression constructs we show distinct gene expression profiles for cells with cytoplasmic and nuclear localized DDIT3. Of 175 target genes identified only 3 were regulated by DDIT3 in both cellular localizations. More than two thirds of the genes were downregulated, supporting a role for DDIT3 as a dominant negative factor that could act by either cytoplasmic or nuclear sequestration of dimer forming transcription factor partners. Functional annotation of target genes showed cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis/survival as the most affected categories. Cytoplasmic DDIT3 affected more migration associated genes, while nuclear DDIT3 regulated more cell cycle controlling genes. Cell culture experiments confirmed that cytoplasmic DDIT3 inhibited migration, while nuclear DDIT3 caused a G1 cell cycle arrest. Promoters of target genes showed no common sequence motifs, reflecting that DDIT3 forms heterodimers with several alternative transcription factors that bind to different motifs. We conclude that expression of cytoplasmic DDIT3 regulated 94 genes. Nuclear translocation of DDIT3 regulated 81 additional genes linked to functions already affected by cytoplasmic DDIT3. Characterization of DDIT3 regulated functions helps understanding its role in stress response and involvement in cancer and degenerative disorders.
|
|
| 4. |
- Johansson, Niklas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Angular variations of reflectance and fluorescence from paper - the influence of fluorescent whitening agents and fillers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Final Program and Proceedings - IS and T/SID Color Imaging Conference. - Springfield, USA : The Society for Imaging Science and Technology. - 9780892083039 ; , s. 236-241
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has earlier been shown that light reflected from the bodyof paper exhibit anisotropic behavior. On the other hand, fluores-cence emission is often assumed to be distributed in a Lambertianmanner. The angular behavior of light reflected and fluorescedfrom paper is examined using measurements from a spectral go-niophotometer. The angular dependency of the radiance factorswas measured for a range of excitation wavelengths. Moreover,the influence of fillers and fluorescent whitening agents (FWA)on the anisotropy was studied. The measurements show that theanisotropy of the total radiance factor of paper decreases whenan increasing amount of FWA is added to the paper. The sameeffect was also observed when an increased amount of filler wasadded to the paper. In addition, it was shown that the presenceof fillers reduce the effect of the FWA. The results show that incomparison to the anisotropy of the total radiance factor from thepaper samples, the anisotropy of the fluorescence alone is negligi-ble. Hence, for paper samples containing FWA evenly distributedin the bulk, the fluorescence alone should not induce significantdifferences between color measuring instruments of different mea-surement geometries.
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Niklas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Separation of surface and bulk reflectance by absorption of bulk scattered light
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optical Society of America. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 52:19, s. 4749-4754
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is proposed for separating light reflected from turbid media with a rough surface into a bulkand a surface component. Dye is added to the sample, thereby increasing absorption and canceling bulkscattering. The remaining reflected light is surface reflectance, which can be subtracted from the totalreflectance of an undyed sample to obtain the bulk component. The method is applied to paper wherethe addition of dye is accomplished by inkjet printing. The results show that the bulk scattered light isefficiently canceled, and that both the spectrally neutral surface reflectance and the surface topographyof the undyed paper is maintained. The proposed method is particularly suitable for characterization ofdielectric, highly randomized materials with significant bulk reflectance and rough surfaces, which aredifficult to analyze with existing methods. A reliable separation method opens up for new ways of analyzing,e.g., biological tissues and optical coatings, and is also a valuable tool in the development of morecomprehensive reflectance models.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Öhlund, Thomas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Paper Properties on Electrical Conductivity and Pattern Definition for Silver Nanoparticle Inkjet Ink
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of LOPE-C 2012. - 9783000381225 ; , s. 115-119
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, electrical conductivity and print pattern definition isstudied for silver nanoparticle ink, printed on ten commerciallyavailable paper substrates. Interrelations and correlations betweenelectrical conductivity, print pattern definition and a set ofmeasured paper properties are analyzed with a multivariatestatistical method. The papers are characterized in terms ofabsorption rate, porosity, apparent surface energy, surfaceroughness and surface material content. The statistical analysisshows that electrical conductivity and print pattern definition arecorrelated. Conductivity and print definition are correlatedpositively with absorption rate and negatively with surfaceroughness. A model based on projection to latent structures (PLS) isbuilt from the measurement data, showing adequate values of modelfit and predictive ability. This suggests that the chosen propertiesand methods for surface characterization are relevant in estimatingoverall performance of inkjet-printed conductors on paper.Additionally, a qualitative examination of the nanoparticle layercharacteristic is conducted with SEM cross section microscopy.Some of the properties and mechanisms of importance to theconductivity of the printed conductors are highlighted, of whichsome are crucial for achieving conductivity. Physical characteristicsof a suitable paper surface should ideally include large absorptioncapability for the ink carrier, but most importantly, a characteristicpore size and surface roughness amplitude that are both smallcompared to the dry ink layer thickness. If these criteria are met,paper media can be a low cost, comparably high performancealternative for metal nanoparticle inks in printed electronics applications.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Forsman, Huamei, et al.
(författare)
-
Galectin 3 Aggravates Joint Inflammation and Destruction in Antigen-Induced Arthritis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 63:2, s. 445-454
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Galectin 3, an endogenous beta galactoside-binding lectin, plays an important role in the modulation of immune responses. The finding that galectin 3 is present in the inflamed synovium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggests that the protein is associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. We undertook this study to investigate the influence of galectin 3 deficiency in a murine model of arthritis. Methods. Wild-type (WT) and galectin 3-deficient (galectin 3(-/-)) mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) through immunization with methylated bovine serum albumin. The concentration of serum cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF alpha]) and antigen-specific antibodies was evaluated using a cytometric bead array platform and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular IL-17 responses were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA, and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results. The joint inflammation and bone erosion of AIA were markedly suppressed in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. The reduced arthritis in galectin 3(-/-) mice was accompanied by decreased levels of antigen-specific IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. The frequency of IL-17-producing cells in the spleen was reduced in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. Exogenously added recombinant galectin 3 could partially restore the reduced arthritis and cytokines in galectin 3(-/-) mice. Conclusion. Our findings show that galectin 3 plays a pathogenic role in the development and progression of AIA and that the disease severity is accompanied by alterations of antigen-specific IgG levels, systemic levels of TNF alpha and IL-6, and frequency of IL-17-producing T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo evidence that galectin 3 plays a crucial role in the development of arthritis.
|
|
| 10. |
- Geijer, Cecilia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Initiation of the transcriptional response to hyperosmotic shock correlates with the potential for volume recovery.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The FEBS journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-4658 .- 1742-464X. ; 280:16, s. 3854-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The control of activity and localization of transcription factors is critical for appropriate transcriptional responses. In eukaryotes, signal transduction components such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) shuttle into the nucleus to activate transcription. It is not known in detail how different amounts of nuclear MAPK over time affect the transcriptional response. In the present study, we aimed to address this issue by studying the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We employed a conditional osmotic system, which changes the period of the MAPK Hog1 signal independent of the initial stress level. We determined the dynamics of the Hog1 nuclear localization and cell volume by single-cell analysis in well-controlled microfluidics systems and compared the responses with the global transcriptional output of cell populations. We discovered that the onset of the initial transcriptional response correlates with the potential of cells for rapid adaptation; cells that are capable of recovering quickly initiate the transcriptional responses immediately, whereas cells that require longer time to adapt also respond later. This is reflected by Hog1 nuclear localization, Hog1 promoter association and the transcriptional response, but not Hog1 phosphorylation, suggesting that a presently uncharacterized rapid adaptive mechanism precedes the Hog1 nuclear response. Furthermore, we found that the period of Hog1 nuclear residence affects the amplitude of the transcriptional response rather than the spectrum of responsive genes.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hjort, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Validating on-the-limit properties of a driving simulator
- 2014
-
Ingår i: New development in driving simulation design and experiments. - : Driving Simulation Association.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes a validation model for both subjective and objective comparison of on-the-limit properties of a driving simulator. VTI moving base driving simulator, SIM III, has been used with three different versions of VTI’s vehicle model, for validation toward field tests involving double lane change manoeuvres. Methods for handling evaluation suggested in the literature were adapted to our circumstances. The results are encouraging, although we found some limitations with respect to the objective evaluations that need to be addressed in future studies.
|
|
| 12. |
- Jansson, Jonas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Driver reactions to horn and headlight warnings in critical situations : A simulator study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a driving simulator study on driving behavior in a critical head-on collision scenario. The study aims at providing basic understanding of driver responses to headlight and horn warning coming from another vehicle a time critical situation. In total, 48 participants drove 30 km. During the drive participants performed a secondary task, announced by a vibration in the seat. At the time of the secondary task the own vehicle was directed into the opposing lane where oncoming simulated vehicles issued a light and/or sound warnings to get the drivers attention. An additional purpose of the study was to examine if the warning coming from the other vehicle has a different effect on persons with a hearing loss. A possible application for this type of warnings is the implementation of a system for automatic activation. Systems for automatic activation of brakes and steering are currently entering the market. These systems use proximity sensors to monitor the state of surrounding road users. Depending on the specific situation the effort/possibility to avoid or mitigate an accident may differ significantly between the principle road users of a pending collision, e.g. one road user (1) may easily avoid a collision while another (2) may not be able to do so. The only possibility for the second road user (2) to avoid a collision in such a situation is to issue a warning to the first (1), so that he/she may take evasive actions. Connecting the horn and the headlight to already existing sensor system, for automatic warning activation, is a cost effective means to provide such a warning. The warnings, could of course, also be triggered manually by the driver.The results indicate that a driver who receives a warning from the oncoming vehicle responds faster to avoid the pending frontal collision. The most effective warning was the combination of horn and headlight. A majority of the participants where positive to the notion of an automated system to provide this type of warning (n=41). No significant difference in the behavior between the groups with and without hearing loss was found in this study.
|
|
| 13. |
- Neubeck, Truls, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prospects and problems of transferring quality-improvement methods from health care to social services : two case studies
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Permanente Journal. - 1552-5767 .- 1552-5775. ; 18:2, s. 38-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:This study examines the use of quality-improvement (QI) methods in social services. Particularly the key aspects-generalizable knowledge, interprofessional teamwork, and measurements-are studied in projects from the QI program Forum for Values in Sweden.METHODS:This is a mixed-method case study. Two projects using standard QI methods and tools as used in health care were chosen as critical cases to highlight some problems and prospects with the use of QI in social services. The cases were analyzed through documented results and qualitative interviews with participants one year after the QI projects ended.RESULTS:The social service QI projects led to measurable improvements when they used standard methods and tools for QI in health care. One year after the projects, the improvements were either not continuously measured or not reported in any infrastructure for measurements. The study reveals that social services differ from health care regarding the availability and use of evidence, the role of professional expertise, and infrastructure for measurements.CONCLUSIONS:We argue that QI methods as used in health care are applicable in social services and can lead to measurable improvements. The study gives valuable insights for QI, not only in social services but also in health care, on how to assess and sustain improvements when infrastructures for measurements are lacking. In addition, when one forms QI teams, the focus should be on functions instead of professions, and QI methods can be used to support implementation of evidence-based practice.
|
|
| 14. |
- Romero Lejonthun, Liza, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions of N2O5 and Related Nitrogen Oxides with Ice Surfaces: Desorption Kinetics and Collision Dynamics
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 118:47, s. 13427-13434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detailed interactions of nitrogen oxides with ice are of fundamental interest and relevance for chemistry in cold regions of the atmosphere. Here, the interactions of NO, NO2, N2O4, and N2O5 with ice surfaces at temperatures between 93 and 180 K are investigated with molecular beam techniques. Surface collisions are observed to result in efficient transfer of kinetic energy and trapping of molecules on the ice surfaces. NO and NO2 rapidly desorb from pure ice with upper bounds for the surface binding energies of 0.16 +/- 0.02 and 0.26 +/- 0.03 eV, respectively. Above 150 K, N2O4 desorption follows first-order kinetics and is well described by the Arrhenius parameters E-a = 0.39 +/- 0.04 eV and A = 10((15.41.2)) s(1), while a stable N2O4 adlayer is formed at lower temperatures. A fraction of incoming N2O5 reacts to form HNO3 on the ice surface. The N2O5 desorption rates are substantially lower on pure water ice (Arrhenius parameters: Ea = 0.36 +/- 0.02 eV; A = 10(15.3 +/- 0.7) s(-1)) than on HNO3-covered ice (Ea = 0.24 +/- 0.02 eV; A = 10(11.5 +/- 0.7) s(-1)). The N2O5 desorption kinetics also sensitively depend on the sub-monolayer coverage of HNO3, with a minimum in N2O5 desorption rate at a low but finite coverage of HNO3. The studies show that none of the systems with resolvable desorption kinetics undergo ordinary desorption from ice, and instead desorption likely involves two or more surface states, with additional complexity added by coadsorbed molecules.
|
|
| 15. |
- Stenman, Göran, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of new molecular biomarkers in salivary gland cancers.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Oral oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1368-8375. ; 50:8, s. 683-690
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are uncommon tumors, constituting approximately 5% of all cancers of the head and neck. They are a heterogeneous group of diseases that pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The treatment of patients with SGCs is mainly restricted to surgery and/or radiation therapy and there is only limited data available on the role of conventional systemic and targeted therapies in the management of patients with advanced disease. There is thus a great need to develop new molecular biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic options for these patients. In this review, we will discuss the most recent developments in this field, with focus on pathognomonic gene fusions and other driver mutations of clinical significance. Comprehensive cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses of SGCs have revealed a translocation-generated network of fusion oncogenes. The molecular targets of these fusions are transcription factors, transcriptional coactivators, and tyrosine kinase receptors. Prominent examples of clinically significant fusions are the MYB-NFIB fusion in adenoid cystic carcinoma and the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The fusions are key events in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumor types and contribute as new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. Moreover, next-generation sequencing analysis of SGCs have revealed new druggable driver mutations, pinpointing alternative therapeutic options for subsets of patients. Continued molecular characterization of these fusions and their down-stream targets will ultimately lead to the identification of novel driver genes in SGCs and will form the basis for development of new therapeutic strategies for these patients.
|
|
| 16. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Principle Other Vehicle Warning
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The only possibility for a driver to avoid a collision may sometimes be to issue a warning to another driver. Connecting the horn and the headlight to an already existing sensor system could be a cost effective solution. This report covers the implementation and evaluation of such an automated warning system in a driving simulator at VTI. In this test 24 drivers with normal hearing and 24 with moderate hearing loss experienced five critical events in which four different warning signals were evaluated; sound, light, and a combination of sound and light, and no warning (as reference). A visual distraction task was used to distract the drivers and create critical situations. The results were consistent. A combined sound and light warning significantly increased cautious driving behaviour and also lead to the highest perceived criticality of the situations. With the combined warning the driver’s attention was effectively drawn from the visual distraction task. Drivers were generally positive towards the warning system, and most positive towards the combined warning presenting light and sound signals. Drivers were able to distinguish between warnings (at critical events) and greetings (at non-critical events) suggesting that the tested additional use of horn and headlight would not affect reactions to non-critical warnings or greetings. Hearing loss was associated with worse performance on the visual distraction task and less perceived realism of the driving simulator. But it was not associated with effects on any driving behaviour measures or of warning modalities. This result suggests that the evaluated system should work also for drivers with moderate hearing loss.
|
|
