| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the gluon fragmentation function and a comparison of the scaling violation in gluon and quark jets
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 13:4, s. 573-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fragmentation functions of quarks and gluons are measured in various three-jet topologies in Z decays from the full data set collected with the DELPHI detector at the Z resonance between 1992 and 995. The results at different values of transverse momentum-like scales are compared. A parameterization of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions at a fixed reference scale is given. The quark and gluon fragmentation functions show the predicted pattern of scaling violations. The scaling violation for quark jets as a function of a transverse momentum-like scale is in a good agreement with that observed in lower energy e+e- annihilation experiments. For gluon jets it appears to be significantly stronger. The scale dependences of the gluon and quark fragmentation functions agree with the prediction of the DGLAP evolution equations from which the colour factor ratio CA/CF is measured to be: CA/CF = 2.26 ± 0.09stat. ± 0.06sys. ± 0.12clus.,scale..
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| 4. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Search for sleptons in e+e- collisions at √s = 183 to 189 GeV
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 19:1, s. 29-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data taken by the DELPHI experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 183 GeV and 189 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 212 pb-1 have been used to search for the supersymmetric partners of the electrons, muons, and taus in the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The decay topologies searched for were the direct decay (ℓ̃ → ℓx̃), producing acoplanar lepton pairs plus missing energy, and the cascade decay (ℓ → ℓx̃0 2 → ℓγx̃0 1), producing acoplanar lepton and photon pairs plus missing energy. The observed number of events is in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The 95% CL excluded mass limits for selectrons, smuons and staus are mẽ ≤ 87 GeV/c2, mμ̃ ≤ 80 GeV/c2 and mτ̃ 75 GeV/c2, respectively, for values of μ=-200 GeV/c2 and tanβ=1.5.
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| 5. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Study of dimuon production in photon-photon collisions and measurement of QED photon structure functions at LEP
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 19:1, s. 15-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muon pair production in the process e+e- → e+e- μ+μ- is studied using the data taken at LEP1 (√s ≃ mz) with the DELPHI detector during the years 1992-1995. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 138.5 pb-1. The QED predictions have been tested over the whole Q2 range accessible at LEP1 (from several GeV2/c4 to several hundred GeV2/c4) by comparing experimental distributions with distributions resulting from Monte Carlo simulations using various generators. Selected events are used to extract the leptonic photon structure function Fγ 2. Azimuthal correlations are used to obtain information on additional structure functions, Fγ A and Fγ B, which originate from interference terms of the scattering amplitudes. The measured ratios Fγ A/Fγ 2 and FγB/Fγ 2 are significantly different from zero and consistent with QED predictions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, L-O, et al.
(författare)
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A new neutron beam facility
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 9th European Particle Accelerator Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Burmeister, F., et al.
(författare)
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A study of the inner-valence ionization region in HCl and DCl
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 37:6, s. 1173-1183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in-depth photoionization study of the inner-valence electrons in HCl and DCl has been performed using synchrotron radiation. A series of photoelectron spectra of HCl were obtained at a resolution of 23 meV over the binding energy range 25-30.5 eV at various excitation energies and at two different electron collection angles relative to the plane of polarization of the undulator radiation. In addition, photoelectron spectra of DCl were recorded at two different excitation energies. These spectra were compared directly with the threshold photoelectron spectra of HCl and DCl that were recorded previously under similar resolution conditions (similar to30 meV). This comparative study reveals new information on the nature of the numerous band systems observed in this binding energy region. In addition, we present the experimental confirmation of the theoretical prediction given by Andersson et al (2001 Phys. Rev. A 65 012705) that a vibrational progression showing interference structure would appear in the main inner-valence ionization band in the photoelectron spectrum of DCl at a resolution of 10 meV.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Nilsen, Tom O, et al.
(författare)
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Differential expression of gill Na+,K+-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunits, Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter and CFTR anion channel in juvenile anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 210:Pt 16, s. 2885-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines changes in gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (NKA) alpha- and beta-subunit isoforms, Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR I and II) in anadromous and landlocked strains of Atlantic salmon during parr-smolt transformation, and after seawater (SW) transfer in May/June. Gill NKA activity increased from February through April, May and June among both strains in freshwater (FW), with peak enzyme activity in the landlocked salmon being 50% below that of the anadromous fish in May and June. Gill NKA-alpha1b, -alpha3, -beta(1) and NKCC mRNA levels in anadromous salmon increased transiently, reaching peak levels in smolts in April/May, whereas no similar smolt-related upregulation of these transcripts occurred in juvenile landlocked salmon. Gill NKA-alpha1a mRNA decreased significantly in anadromous salmon from February through June, whereas alpha1a levels in landlocked salmon, after an initial decrease in April, remained significantly higher than those of the anadromous smolts in May and June. Following SW transfer, gill NKA-alpha1b and NKCC mRNA increased in both strains, whereas NKA-alpha1a decreased. Both strains exhibited a transient increase in gill NKA alpha-protein abundance, with peak levels in May. Gill alpha-protein abundance was lower in SW than corresponding FW values in June. Gill NKCC protein abundance increased transiently in anadromous fish, with peak levels in May, whereas a slight increase was observed in landlocked salmon in May, increasing to peak levels in June. Gill CFTR I mRNA levels increased significantly from February to April in both strains, followed by a slight, though not significant increase in May and June. CFTR I mRNA levels were significantly lower in landlocked than anadromous salmon in April/June. Gill CFTR II mRNA levels did not change significantly in either strain. Our findings demonstrates that differential expression of gill NKA-alpha1a, -alpha1b and -alpha3 isoforms may be important for potential functional differences in NKA, both during preparatory development and during salinity adjustments in salmon. Furthermore, landlocked salmon have lost some of the unique preparatory upregulation of gill NKA, NKCC and, to some extent, CFTR anion channel associated with the development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability in anadromous salmon.
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| 13. |
- Wessley, O, et al.
(författare)
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Final state effects in the X-ray absorption spectra of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853. ; 272-276:3, s. 1780-1781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a comparison of theoretical calculations of the electronic structure of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 with measurements of the unoccupied local density of states for Mn obtained from X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We compare two different theoretical calculations of the Mn XAS spectra, one based on the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and the other one based on an atomic Hartree–Fock calculation for the Mn ions. In the atomic calculation the solid state effects are introduced through a cubic crystal field where the crystal field strength is obtained from the LSDA calculation. It is found that the atomic calculations agree better with experimental data.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Jan O, et al.
(författare)
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A century of typhus, lice and Rickettsia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Research in Microbiology. - : EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER. - 0923-2508 .- 1769-7123. ; 151:2, s. 143-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the beginning of the 20th century, it was discovered at the Pasteur Institute in Tunis that epidemic typhus is transmitted by the human body louse. The complete genome sequence of its causative agent, Rickettsia prowazekii, was determined at Uppsala University in Sweden at the end of the century. In this mini-review, we discuss insights gained from the genome sequence of this fascinating and deadly organism.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Jan O, et al.
(författare)
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Pseudogenes, junk DNA, and the dynamics of Rickettsia genomes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 18:5, s. 829-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of neutrally evolving sequences suggest that differences in eukaryotic genome sizes result from different rates of DNA loss. However, very few pseudogenes have been identified in microbial species, and the processes whereby genes and genomes deteriorate in bacteria remain largely unresolved. The typhus-causing agent, Rickettsia prowazekii, is exceptional in that as much as 24% of its 1.1-Mb genome consists of noncoding DNA and pseudogenes. To test the hypothesis that the noncoding DNA in the R. prowazekii genome represents degraded remnants of ancestral genes, we systematically examined all of the identified pseudogenes and their flanking sequences in three additional Rickettsia species. Consistent with the hypothesis, we observe sequence similarities between genes and pseudogenes in one species and intergenic DNA in another species. We show that the frequencies and average sizes of deletions are larger than insertions in neutrally evolving pseudogene sequences. Our results suggest that inactivated genetic material in the Rickettsia genomes deteriorates spontaneously due to a mutation bias for deletions and that the noncoding sequences represent DNA in the final stages of this degenerative process.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, L. Mauritz, et al.
(författare)
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Nonadiabatic effects in the photoelectron spectra of HCl and DCl. II. Theory
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra of HCl and DCl in the 25-28 eV region were computed using a time-dependent approach for the nuclear dynamics. The spectral features cannot be understood without including a nonadiabatic coupling between the dissociative 3 (2)Sigma(+) state and the bound 4 (2)Sigma(+) state in the adiabatic picture. Alternatively, in the diabatic picture a dissociative two-hole-one-particle state interacts with a bound one-hole state. The molecular system is of intermediate coupling strength, i.e., it cannot be described by a single potential-energy curve. The interaction between a bound and a dissociative state leads to Fano resonances superimposed on a broad back-round, as observed in the experimental spectra [Burmeister et al., Phys. Rev. A 65, 012704 (2001)]. From modified potential-energy curves, all features of the experimental spectra, including Fano resonance parameters and lifetimes, were reproduced. From the simulations we observe that two additional peaks in the experimental DCl spectra should appear if the resolution were to be enhanced to around 10 meV.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, L. Mauritz, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of a discretized coherent state representation and the relation to Gabor analysis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics A. - : IOP Publishing. - 0305-4470 .- 1361-6447. ; 35:36, s. 7787-7801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Properties of a discretized coherent state representation (DCSR) and its connection to Gabor frame analysis are discussed. The DCSR approach was recently shown (Andersson L M 2001 J. Chem. Phys. 115 1158) to yield a practical computational scheme for quantum dynamics, and an iterative scheme for finding the identity operator was proposed. In the present work, we suggest a proof of fast convergence of the iterative scheme for computing the canonical dual to any given countable frame in a Hilbert space. The method of frames is concerned with the use of a non-orthogonal, over-complete set of functions for expansion of an arbitrary function. We also introduce the concept of 'representations of the identity operator' and show how to expand arbitrary vectors using the frame elements, without explicit diagonalization to an orthonormal basis. Numerical examples that illustrate the method are shown.
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| 21. |
- Demichelis, F., et al.
(författare)
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TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion associated with lethal prostate cancer in a watchful waiting cohort
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - Basingstoke : Nature Publ. Group. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 26:31, s. 4596-4599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in prostate cancer suggests that distinct molecular subtypes may define risk for disease progression. In surgical series, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion was identified in 50% of the tumors. Here, we report on a population-based cohort of men with localized prostate cancers followed by expectant (watchful waiting) therapy with 15% (17/111) TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. We identified a statistically significant association between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and prostate cancer specific death (cumulative incidence ratio=2.7, P<0.01, 95% confidence interval=1.3–5.8). Quantitative reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction demonstrated high estrogen-regulated gene (ERG) expression to be associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (P<0.005). These data suggest that TMPRSS2:ERG fusion prostate cancers may have a more aggressive phenotype, possibly mediated through increased ERG expression.
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| 22. |
- Doornenbal, P., et al.
(författare)
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RISING: Gamma‐ray Spectroscopy with Radioactive Beams at GSI
- 2007
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X. - 9780735413283 ; 891, s. 99-107
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSI (RISING) project is a major pan‐European collaboration. Its physics aims are the studies of exotic nuclear matter with abnormal proton‐to‐neutron ratios compared with naturally occurring isotopes. RISING combines the FRagment Separator (FRS) which allows relativistic energies and projectile fragmentation reactions with EUROBALL Ge Cluster detectors for γ spectroscopic research. The RISING setup can be used in two different configurations. Either the nuclei of interest are investigated after being stopped or the heavy ions hit a secondary target at relativistic energies and the thereby occurring excitations are studied. For the latter case, MINIBALL Ge detectors and the HECTOR array are used in addition. Example achievements of the Fast Beam setup are presented and compared to various shell model calculations, while for the Stopped Beam setup initial results are shown.
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| 23. |
- Engelmark, O., et al.
(författare)
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Ecological effects and management aspects of an exotic tree species : the case of lodgepole pine in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 141:02-jan, s. 3-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The North American tree Pinus contorta var, latifolia was experimentally introduced in Sweden already in the 1920s, and has been used in Swedish forestry on a large scale since the 1970s. These plantations now cover 565,000 ha, mainly in the northern area. In this paper we summarize and discuss existing ecological knowledge of this species introduction. With regard to longterm sustainability we suggest management means to minimize harmful effects of the introduction on ecosystems. These include aspects of self dispersal, pests, ecosystem and landscape structures, and also ecological processes and biodiversity. We also focus on observed and possible interactions in the ecosystems. As Pinus contorta seeds are disseminated and trees regenerated outside initial plantations, this may have future bearings on biodiversity. We suggest a strategy which takes account of the uncertainty in predicting future ecological effects. The strategy includes areal restrictions and zones without Pinus contorta, but also to set up a monitoring program. Observations of adverse effects from the plantations would then give the possibility to adjust P. contorta management.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Franzen, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Draft genome sequencing of Giardia intestinalis assemblage B isolate GS : is human giardiasis caused by two different species?
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 5:8, s. e1000560-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Giardia intestinalis is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and two major Giardia genotypes, assemblages A and B, infect humans. The genome of assemblage A parasite WB was recently sequenced, and the structurally compact 11.7 Mbp genome contains simplified basic cellular machineries and metabolism. We here performed 454 sequencing to 16 x coverage of the assemblage B isolate GS, the only Giardia isolate successfully used to experimentally infect animals and humans. The two genomes show 77% nucleotide and 78% amino-acid identity in protein coding regions. Comparative analysis identified 28 unique GS and 3 unique WB protein coding genes, and the variable surface protein (VSP) repertoires of the two isolates are completely different. The promoters of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of the cyst-wall lack binding sites for encystation-specific transcription factors in GS. Several synteny-breaks were detected and verified. The tetraploid GS genome shows higher levels of overall allelic sequence polymorphism (0.5 versus <0.01% in WB). The genomic differences between WB and GS may explain some of the observed biological and clinical differences between the two isolates, and it suggests that assemblage A and B Giardia can be two different species.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Gu, BJ, et al.
(författare)
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Role of supraspinal alpha 1-adrenoceptors for voiding in conscious rats with and without bladder outlet obstruction
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 167:4, s. 1887-1891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Previous studies have shown that spinal alpha1-adrenoceptors can influence voiding in normal rats and in rats with outlet obstruction. Also, at the supraspinal level such receptors may be involved in voiding control. Therefore, we studied in rats the effects on cystometrography of intracerebroventricular administered alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists. Materials and Methods: Continuous cystometry was performed in conscious, freely moving rats with and without bladder outlet obstruction. Cystometric parameters were evaluated before and after intracerebroventricular drug administration. Results: In normal rats intracerebroventricular administration of 8 nmol. kg.(-1) prazosin (Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, United Kingdom) or terazosin (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois) (nonsubtype selective) caused no change in cystometric parameters. At 24 or 80 nmol. kg.(-1) the 2 drugs significantly decreased voiding pressure and increased bladder capacity, voided volume and post-void residual urine volume. Administering vehicle had no effect. In rats with outlet obstruction the drug effects were significantly more pronounced than in normal animals (p <0.05), and urinary retention was produced in 50% of rats receiving prazosin. In normal rats the selective alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonists KMD 3213 (0.8, 8 and 24 nmol. kg.(-1)) dose dependently depressed voiding pressure, and increased bladder capacity and voided volume, whereas BMY 7378 (selective for alpha1D-adrenoceptors) and A322312 (selective for alpha1B-adrenoceptors) at doses up to 80 nmol. kg.-1 had no effect. Conclusions: The results suggest that in normal rats and in rats with outflow obstruction volume induced bladder activity involves supraspinal alpha1-adrenoceptors. Bladder outlet obstruction seems to enhance the importance of these receptors. At least in normal rats the alpha1A-adrenoceptor subtype seems to mediate the effect.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ishizuka, O, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of apomorphine on intracavernous pressure and blood pressure in conscious, spinalized rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Impotence Research. - 1476-5489. ; 14:2, s. 128-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apomorphine, given subcutaneously (s.c.), induces erection and bladder overactivity in rats through stimulation of dopamine (D1- and D2-like) receptors in the central nervous system. In paraplegic patients, apomorphine was reported to cause bladder overactivity. This suggests that apomorphine may have a spinal site of action also for stimulation of erection. The present study was initiated to evaluate the effect of apomorphine on erectile function in spinalized rats. Apomorphine (100 mug/kg, s.c.) was given to awake. unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g) with or without spinal cord injure, made at the Th 8 level 2 weeks before the experiment. Intracavernous pressure changes from baseline were evaluated as time to first response to apomorphine (TFR; see), number of phasic pressure changes in the first 30 min (PP30), duration (113; see) of the phasic pressure changes, the amount of increase in tonic peak pressure (TPP; cmH(2)O), and burst peak pressure (BPP, cmH(2)O). Blood pressure (cmH(2)O) was recorded via an intra-arterial catheter. Apomorphine, 100 mug/kg, caused no significant differences in TFR (217.8 vs 271.2), PP30 (6.4 vs 6.5), D (38.9 vs 37.6.), TPP (51.0 vs 54.0) and BPP (128.9 vs 160.4) between normal (n = 8) and spinalized rats (n = 6). However, blood pressure decreased significantly more in spinalized than in normal animals (17.7 vs 43.3: P < 0.05). The results suggest that both in normal rats, and in rats with spinal cord injury, apomorphine given s.c., can produce erection. This finding supports the use of apomorphine for treatment of erectile dysfunction in paraplegia patients. However, due consideration should be given to possible decreases in blood pressure.
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| 32. |
- Ishizuka, O, et al.
(författare)
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Functional role of central muscarinic receptors for micturition in normal conscious rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 168:5, s. 2258-2262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Antimuscarinic agents, which are used in to treat urgency and urge incontinence, have well-known effects on peripheral muscarinic receptors. However, some currently used drugs may have effects on muscarinic receptors in the brain and/or spinal cord involved in voiding control. We tested if muscarinic receptors within the central nervous system mediate a tonic excitatory influence on voiding in rats and if these receptors can be differently influenced by antimuscarinic drugs. Materials and Methods: The effects on cystometrography of intracerebroventricular atropine, oxybutynin, tolterodine and darifenacin were investigated in normal conscious rats. Results: Atropine (0.2 to 2 nmol.) dose dependently affected urodynamic parameters. At 2 nmol. in 6 rats the drug decreased voiding pressure (p <0.01), and increased bladder capacity (p <0.001), voided volume (p <0.05) and post-void residual volume (p <0.05). In 6 rats oxybutynin (6 to 40 nmol.) given at a dose of 6 nmol. caused no change in cystometric parameters, while at 20 nmol. the drug decreased voiding pressure (p <0.01). Tolterodine (2 to 20 nmol.) dose dependently changed urodynamic parameters, while at 20 nmol. in 6 rats the drug decreased voiding pressure (p <0.01) and increased bladder capacity (p <0.05) and voided volume (p <0.05). Darifenacin given at a dose of 20 nmol. in 6 rats caused no change in cystometric parameters. Conclusions: Muscarinic receptor mechanisms in the central nervous system mediate a tonic excitatory influence on voiding in rats, while nonsubtype selective antimuscarinic drugs may have an inhibitory effect on these mechanisms.
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| 33. |
- Ishizuka, O, et al.
(författare)
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Role of supraspinal serotonin receptors for micturition in normal conscious rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 21:3, s. 225-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serotonin (5-HT) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system, including several areas involved in the control of micturition reflex pathways. However, the roles of the different subtypes of 5-HT receptors are not well known. We studied in normal, conscious rats, the effects on the cystometrogram of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 5-HT, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylaminotetralin) (8-OH-DPAT; agonist at 5-HT1A receptors), alpha-methol-5-hydroxytryptamine maleate (agonist at 5-HT2 receptors), 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride (agonist at 5-HT3 receptors), and 1-(4-amino-5-chloro-2methoxyphenyl)-3-(1-n-butyl-4piperidinyl)-1-propano ne hydrochloride (RS67506; agonist at 5-HT4 receptors). Female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing approximately 230 g, were used. A polyethylene catheter was inserted into the bladder through the dome for cystometric investigations. For administration of drugs, a catheter was implanted into the right cerebral ventricle. Three days after implantation of the bladder catheter, continuous cystometry was performed. Administration of 5-HT (6 nmol/kg i.c.v.), 8-OH-DPAT (6 nmol/kg), alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine maleate (6 nmol/kg), or RS67506 hydrochloride (6 nmol/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) increased micturition pressure and decreased bladder capacity and micturition volume. The effects increased in a dose-dependent manner (18, 60 nmol/kg). Intracerebroventricular administration of 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride (60 nmol/kg) caused no change in the cystometric parameters. The results suggest that in normal conscious rats, at the supraspinal level, 5-HT (via 5-HT1A, 5-HT2, and 5-HT4 receptors) can enhance the micturition reflex induced by bladder filling. Whether this means that 5-HT1A, 5-HT2, and 5-HT4 receptors can be targets for drugs meant for treatment of bladder hyperactivity, should be explored. (C) 2002Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Kindmark, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide pharmacogenetic investigation of a hepatic adverse event without clinical signs of immunopathology suggests an underlying immune pathogenesis
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Pharmacogenomics Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1470-269X .- 1473-1150. ; 8:3, s. 186-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major goals of pharmacogenetics is to elucidate mechanisms and identify patients at increased risk of adverse events (AEs). To date, however, there have been only a few successful examples of this type of approach. In this paper, we describe a retrospective case–control pharmacogenetic study of an AE of unknown mechanism, characterized by elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) during long-term treatment with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran. The study was based on 74 cases and 130 treated controls and included both a genome-wide tag single nucleotide polymorphism and large-scale candidate gene analysis. A strong genetic association between elevated ALAT and the MHC alleles DRB1*07 and DQA1*02 was discovered and replicated, suggesting a possible immune pathogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, immunological studies suggest that ximelagatran may have the ability to act as a contact sensitizer, and hence be able to stimulate an adaptive immune response.
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| 37. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive system for leader evaluation and development
- 2003
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Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - : Emerald. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347. ; 24:1, s. 16-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to describe the development of a theoretical model for leader evaluation and development, an instrument based on this model, and a strategy for large scale implementation in the Swedish armed forces. The model rests on an interactional person by situation paradigm. It emphasises “developmental leadership”, which is inspired by transformational and functionalistic leadership approaches. The developmental leadership questionnaire (DLQ) was operationalised from the model and refined through structural equation modelling. The model and the DLQ will be used for three purposes: yearly evaluation of all personnel in the Swedish armed forces; yearly planning dialogues between each employee and his or her nearest supervisor; and a tool for leadership training. The implementation strategy includes an initial course in developmental leadership for all colonels. This is followed by the selection and training of local trainers, who, in turn, initiate the comprehensive programme locally. The system should be fully implemented by 2005.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lundgren, T, et al.
(författare)
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Pet in clinical islet transplantation
- 2009
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Ingår i: XENOTRANSPLANTATION. - 0908-665X. ; 16:5, s. 295-295
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Prokofiev, A, et al.
(författare)
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A New Neutron Facility for Single-Event Effect Testing
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Devices for Space Application. ; , s. 160-162
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Wade, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis, and Population Genetics of the Domestic Horse
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 326:5954, s. 865-867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of the horse ( Equus caballus). The genome is relatively repetitive but has little segmental duplication. Chromosomes appear to have undergone few historical rearrangements: 53% of equine chromosomes show conserved synteny to a single human chromosome. Equine chromosome 11 is shown to have an evolutionary new centromere devoid of centromeric satellite DNA, suggesting that centromeric function may arise before satellite repeat accumulation. Linkage disequilibrium, showing the influences of early domestication of large herds of female horses, is intermediate in length between dog and human, and there is long-range haplotype sharing among breeds.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Zhang, XY, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of resiniferatoxin desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive afferents on detrusor over-activity induced by intravesical capsaicin, acetic acid or ATP in conscious rats
- 2003
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Ingår i: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-1298. ; 367:5, s. 473-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have provided evidence for a major role of urothelially released ATP acting on a subpopulation of pelvic afferent nerves in mechano-afferent transduction in the bladder. We investigated whether desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres by systemic resiniferatoxin (RTX)-pretreatment can counteract the detrusor over-activity induced by intravesical capsaicin, acetic acid or ATP. Cystometric investigations were performed on awake female Sprague-Dawley rats before and 24 h after injection of RTX (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicle. The effects of intravesically instilled ATP (0.1 or 1.0 mM), capsaicin (30 muM) or acetic acid (pH 4.0) were compared with those of intravesical saline. RTX, but not its vehicle, significantly increased threshold pressure, voiding interval, micturition volume and bladder capacity. In the vehicle-pretreated rats, intravesical instillation of capsaicin or acetic acid significantly decreased voiding interval, micturition volume, and bladder capacity. However, in the RTX-pretreated rats, neither capsaicin nor acetic acid affected any parameter. On the other hand, intravesical ATP (0.1 mM) significantly decreased voiding interval and micturition volume in both groups of animals. At 1.0 mM, ATP also increased basal pressure and decreased the pressure threshold for micturition in both groups. The present results support the view that increased extracellular ATP has a role in mechano-afferent transduction in the rat bladder and that ATP-induced facilitation of the micturition reflex is mediated, at least partly, by nerves other than capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- af Klinteberg, C, et al.
(författare)
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Compact medical fluorosensor for minimally invasive tissue characterization
- 2005
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 76:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact fiber-optic point-measuring fluorosensor fully adapted to clinical studies is described. The system can use two excitation wavelengths, 337 and 405 nm, obtained from a nitrogen laser directly, or after dye laser conversion, respectively. The image intensifier used in the spectrometer can be gated with a variable time delay, allowing also time-resolved spectra to be extracted, with a time resolution of about 4 ns. Moreover, diffusely scattered white light can be spectrally recorded. The system is fully computer controlled enabling short recording times in clinical application, which are illustrated.
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| 50. |
- Agnelli, G, et al.
(författare)
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Safety assessment of new antithrombotic agents : Lessons from the EXTEND study on ximelagatran.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 123:3, s. 488-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ximelagatran, the first oral direct thrombin inhibitor, was shown to be an effective antithrombotic agent but was associated with potential liver toxicity after prolonged administration. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The aim of the EXTEND study was to assess safety and efficacy of extended administration (35 days) of ximelagatran or enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip replacement and hip fracture surgery. A follow-up period, including assessment of liver enzymes (in particular alanine aminotransferase; ALAT), until post-operative day 180 was planned, with visits at days 56 and 180. RESULTS: Randomization and administration of study drugs were stopped following a report of serious liver injury occurring 3 weeks after completion of ximelagatran treatment. At the time of study termination, 1158 patients had been randomized and 641 had completed the 35-day treatment; with 303 ximelagatran and 265 enoxaparin patients remaining in the study through to the day 56 follow-up visit. Overall, 58 patients showed an ALAT increase to >2x upper limit of normal: 31 treated with enoxaparin, 27 with ximelagatran. Three ximelagatran patients also showed symptoms potentially related to liver toxicity. Eleven ximelagatran patients showed an ALAT increase after study treatment ended. The clinical development of ximelagatran was terminated and the drug withdrawn from the market. Evaluation of the relative efficacy of the two treatments as specified in the protocol was impossible due to the premature termination of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged administration of ximelagatran was associated with an increased risk of liver toxicity. In a substantial proportion of patients, ALAT increase occurred after treatment withdrawal. The findings seen with ximelagatran should be considered when designing studies with new antithrombotic agents.
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