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Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson Sköld Yvonne 1957 ) > (2020-2024)

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1.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Development of the SUNRA Tool to Improve Regional and Local Sustainability of the Transportation Sector
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:18, s. 11275-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To fulfil the global sustainable development goals (SDGs), achieving sustainable development is becoming urgent, not least in the transportation sector. In response to this, the sustainability framework Sustainability National Road Administrations (SUNRA) was developed to contribute to improving the sustainability performance of national road administrations across Europe. In the present study, the framework has been tested, applied and further developed to be applicable for target setting and follow-up at the project level at both the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) and at municipal levels. The aim was a framework relevant for investment, re-investments, maintenance and operation projects and also to make it more user applicable. The study also investigated how the framework can contribute to sustainability, identified drivers and barriers for applying the framework and examined whether the framework can be applied and adapted to projects of different complexities. The adaptations and developments were done in collaboration between researchers and practitioners. The results show that the framework could easily be used and adapted for investment, re-investment, maintenance and operation projects in the planning stage, as well as for small municipal establishments, construction or reconstruction of residential areas and frequent maintenance. The framework contributes to increased awareness on sustainability, and it provides a common structure and transparency on how infrastructure project goals/targets are set and fulfilled. The framework can also be applied to follow the fulfilment of the goals/targets and thereby adapt the project to better fulfil the goals. Identified barriers include the lack of obligations and lack of experience in using sustainability frameworks.
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2.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • A framework for identification, assessment and prioritization of climate change adaptation measures for roads and railways
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today’s climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts. Therefore, it is important to identify, assess and prioritize which measures are necessary to undertake, as well as where and when these are to be undertaken. To be able to make such evaluations, robust (scientifically based), transparent and systematic assessments and valuations are required. This article describes a framework to assess the cause-and-effect relationships and how to estimate the costs and benefits as a basis to assess and prioritize measures for climate adaptation of roads and railways. The framework includes hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment, identification, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of possible risk reduction measures and a step regarding distribution-, goal-and sensitivity analyses. The results from applying the framework shall be used to prioritize among potential risk reduction measures as well as when to undertake them.
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3.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Masshantering : indikatorer och nyckeltal för incitament för reducerad klimatpåverkan vid upphandling
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Metodik för styrning av cirkulär masshantering i Trafikverket är inriktad på moment som genomförs i projekteringsskedet. Det saknas metodik för hur indikatorer och nyckeltal kan föras över till entreprenaden. För att förbättra krav och incitament i entreprenadupphandling måste krav som är upphandlingsbara och uppföljningsbara i entreprenaden utvecklas. Syftet med detta projekt är att, i en förstudie, ta fram förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal för upphandling som kan användas för att sätta krav och ge incitament som kan föras in i Trafikverkets upphandlingar för att förbättra masshanteringen, såväl i planeringen av projekt som i själva utförandet. De krav och incitament som på längre sikt ska arbetas fram ska kunna användas vid upphandlingar och därmed bidra till att entreprenörer kommer att arbeta mer cirkulärt, hållbart och innovativt med masshantering än i dagsläget. Huvudsyftet är att upphandlingsförfarandet ska bidra till att uppnå Trafikverkets mål att infrastrukturen ska vara klimatneutral senast år 2045. Arbetet utgörs av en omvärldsanalys som baseras på internationell och nationell litteratur, masshanteringsrapportering samt intervjuer. Från omvärldsanalysen framgår att regelverken kring uppgrävda massor inte är tydlig, men att massorna klassas som avfall i de flesta länder. Detta leder i sin tur till att massorna inte återvinns i så hög grad som är teoretiskt möjligt och inte heller så högt upp som möjligt i värdekedjan. För att förbättra detta krävs tydligare incitament, indikatorer och nyckeltal samt redovisningsverktyg och guidande material från Trafikverket. I detta projekt har förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal tagits fram. Dessutom har en Excelbaserad prototyp för hur flera av dessa kan redovisas tagits fram. Denna ska när den färdigställts kunna användas såväl inför en upphandling som för att användas för att följa upp och utvärdera masshantering i ett projekt. Rapporten ger också förslag på fortsatt arbete för att utveckla prototypen för utvärdering av masshantering på projektnivå och ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv.
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4.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • Microplastics from tyre and road wear: a literature review
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This literature review concerns microplastics from tyre and road wear caused by road traffic. As there is limited knowledge about microplastics in general, and microplastics from road traffic in particular, the Swedish Government commissioned the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) to, during 2018-2020, develop and disseminate knowledge about microplastics from road traffic. The chapters in this report summarises existing knowledge about microplastics from road traffic with respect to the following aspects: sources, spread and presence; effects on and risk to the environment and human health; characteristics and chemical composition; tyre and road wear; sampling methods; analysis and sample preparation; and measures. The report also includes a chapter with overall conclusions, and a chapter about further research, development and investigation needs. The purpose of this report is to provide a basis for reducing the generation and spread of microplastics from road traffic. One aim of the report is to collate and disseminate knowledge about microplastics generated by tyre and road wear, and to review the current level of knowledge. A second aim is to identify knowledge gaps and research requirements in relation to microplastics from road traffic. This literature review is based on a review of scientific articles and reports, as well as technical literature and some information from experts and industry.
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5.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage : en kunskapssammanställning
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna kunskapssammanställning handlar om mikroplast från vägtrafikens däck- och vägslitage. Eftersom kunskapen om mikroplaster från vägtrafiken är begränsad samtidigt som däckslitage bedöms vara den största källan till utsläpp av mikroplast i Sverige, gav regeringen inom ramen för sitt arbete med plast och mikroplast Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) i uppdrag att under 2018– 2020 ta fram och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken. Varje kapitel i denna rapport sammanfattar befintlig kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken avseende en eller flera aspekter. Dessa aspekter är: källor, spridning och förekomst; miljö- och hälsoeffekter samt risker; egenskaper och kemisk sammansättning; däck- och vägslitage; provtagningsmetoder; analys- och provberedningsmetoder samt åtgärder. Dessutom finns ett kapitel med sammanfattande slutsatser och allra sist ett kapitel om forsknings-, utvecklings- och utredningsbehov.Syftet med rapporten är att den ska utgöra ett underlag för att minska emissioner och spridning av mikroplast från vägtrafiken. Ett mål med rapporten är att sammanställa och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage och att redogöra för nuvarande kunskapsläge. Ytterligare ett mål är att identifiera kunskaps- och forskningsbehov avseende mikroplast från vägtrafiken.Underlaget till denna kunskapssammanställning utgörs av vetenskapliga artiklar och rapporter samt facklitteratur och information från branschen och från experter.
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6.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Ramverk för att prioritera och bedöma nyttan av klimatanpassningsåtgärder
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Klimatförändringarna är idag påtagliga och även om vi snabbt får ner utsläppen av växthusgaser kommer fler, mer omfattande och mer kostsamma klimatrelaterade händelser att inträffa alltmer ofta. Kostnaderna inom den svenska transportsektorn för klimatrelaterade händelser som skadar gator, vägar, spår-/järnväg, med flera sårbara delar av infrastrukturen är stora redan idag och förväntas öka. Översvämningar, bränder och skador till följd av väderrelaterade händelser på anläggningar resulterar bland annat i minskad framkomlighet och en ökad risk för olyckor. För att upprätthålla transportsystemets funktion är det därför viktigt att vi vidtar riskreducerande åtgärder för att minska sannolikheten och omfattningen av negativa konsekvenser av både dagens klimat- och väderrelaterade händelser men framför allt för att hantera framtida klimatrelaterade händelser. Det är nödvändigt att säkerställa transportsystemets funktion vid extrema väderhändelser, och under perioder av långvarig nederbörd, långvariga värmeböljor och förändrade nederbördsmönster. Det gäller också att redan idag möjliggöra anpassningsåtgärder för att hantera långsiktiga förändringar som höjd havsvattennivå och grundvattennivåer, som påverkar infrastrukturens framkomlighet och livslängd.I denna rapport presenteras sammanfattande resultat och en sammanfattning av hur ett ramverk för att utvärdera klimatrelaterade effektsamband har använts. Med effektsamband avses att identifiera, bedöma och värdera klimatrelaterade risker och riskreducerande åtgärder. I denna rapport är fokus på att identifiera, bedöma och utvärdera effektiviteten av klimatrelaterade åtgärder. Resultatet av det framtagna ramverket kan användas för att analysera riskreducerande åtgärders effekter, det vill säga för att bedöma om det är relevant att genomföra en åtgärd, när i tiden den bör genomföras samt för att bedöma vilken åtgärd som är mest relevant att genomföra. De risker som beaktas genom fallstudier innefattar brandrisk, olycksrisk på gator och vägar på grund av nollgenomgångar eller värme, översvämning, erosion och skred och påverkan på vägkonstruktionen (spårbildning, bärighet och utmattning), solkurvor och risker vid kraftiga vindar. Testerna har innefattat faro- och riskidentifiering, riskanalys, identifiering och utvärdering av möjliga åtgärder. Exempel på fallstudier är Gävleregnet 2021, ett skyfall i Kungsbacka kommun 2019, erosionsrelaterade förändringar under lång tid vid Österdalälven och beräkningar av påverkan av temperatur, fuktighet och förändringar i tjälförändringsmönster på vägkonstruktionen vid E10 vid Svappavaara. I en av de fallstudier som sammanfattas i rapporten redovisas även en monetär värdering och känslighetsanalys. Ramverket har också legat till grund för en diskussion avseende klimatrelaterade risker kopplade till elförsörjning.
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7.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • SUNRA : Version 2020
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • SUNRA (Sustainability: National Road Administrations) SUNRA är ett beslutstödsverktyg som utvecklats för att användas i vägprojekt genom att sätta ambitionsnivå för olika hållbarhetsaspekter och följa upp arbetet mot dessa på ett strukturerat sätt. I detta PM beskrivs hur SUNRA ska användas, följt av ett kapitel med förslag på var i planeringsprocessen SUNRA kan användas. Därefter redovisas de teman och aspekter som beaktas inom SUNRA och underliggande frågeställningar som utgör resultatet av de uppdateringar som gjorts i denna version. I denna version har SUNRA även stämts av mot de globala hållbarhetsmålen liksom Trafikverkets tolkning av dem i form av Målbild 2030. Syftet med SUNRA är att det ska användas för att bidra till en hållbar utveckling med en högre ambitionsnivå än enbart de lagkrav och andra kriterier som måste tas hänsyn till. För de aspekter som beaktas är därför minikrav på målsättning de lagkrav som finns och Trafikverkets egna mål samt policyer.
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8.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Sunra : version 2021
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sunra (Sustainability: National Road Administrations) är Trafikverkets beslutstödsverktyg som utvecklats för att användas i väg- och järnvägsprojekt genom att sätta ambitionsnivå för olika hållbarhetsaspekter och följa upp arbetet mot dessa på ett strukturerat sätt. I detta PM beskrivs hur Sunra ska användas, följt av ett kapitel med förslag på var i planeringsprocessen Sunra kan användas. Därefter redovisas de teman och aspekter som beaktas inom Sunra och underliggande frågeställningar som utgör resultatet av de uppdateringar som gjorts i denna version. I denna version har Sunra även stämts av mot de globala hållbarhetsmålen liksom Trafikverkets tolkning av dem i form av Målbild 2030. Syftet med Sunra är att det ska användas för att bidra till en hållbar utveckling med en högre ambitionsnivå än enbart de lagkrav och andra kriterier som måste tas hänsyn till. För de aspekter som beaktas är därför minikrav på målsättning de lagkrav som finns och Trafikverkets egna mål samt policyer. Detta PM är en sammanställning av den senaste versionen av Sunra som innefattar ett större anpassnings- och uppdateringsarbete av Sunra version 2018-11-151 inom ramen för delprojekt 1.12 Sustainable analysis for smart maintenance i programmet Mistra Inframaint. Uppdateringen har gjorts för att Sunra ska kunna användas både inom investerings samt drift- och underhållsprojekt. Uppdateringar har gjorts både med avseende på de aspekter som beaktas inom de olika Temana, vilka Teman olika aspekter beaktas inom samt för att stämma med pågående arbetssätt inom Investera och Drift och Underhåll på Trafikverket. I arbetet med uppdateringen har experter från Drift och Underhåll samt Investering medverkat.
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9.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Sunra för lokal och regional infrastruktur : prototypen Sulri : Version 2022
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sunra (Sustainability: National Road Administrations) är Trafikverkets beslutstödsverktyg som utvecklats för att användas i väg- och järnvägsprojekt genom att sätta en ambitionsnivå för olika hållbarhetsaspekter och följa upp arbetet mot dessa på ett strukturerat sätt. I denna avrapportering beskrivs resultatet av fortsatt utveckling av Sunra anpassat för lokal och regional infrastruktur. Resultatet är prototyperna Sulri (Sustainability Local and Regional Infrastructure) och Sulri-frekvent. Sulri-frekvent är avsett att användas för mer frekventa projekt, som till exempel asfaltering av befintliga gator. Sulri också är tänkt för projekt som är lite mer komplexa såsom att tänka om eller planera nytt som till exempel att förbättra för aktivt resande, att klimatanpassa ett område eller att anpassa en gata, en plats eller ett område efter andra behov. Men Sulri kan i princip användas även för mer frekventa eller mindre projekt. I denna rapport beskrivs en första version av Sulri. Rapporten visar på hur verktyget ska användas. Därefter redovisas i kapitel 3 de teman och aspekter som beaktas inom Sulri och underliggande frågeställningar som utgör resultatet av de uppdateringar som gjorts i denna version. I bilaga 2 ges motsvarande redovisning för Sulri-frekvent. I bilaga 1 redovisas relevanta underlag för de olika teman och aspekter som beaktas i Sulri.
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10.
  • Blomqvist, Göran, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Microplastics in snow in urban traffic environments
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Microplastics from road traffic, mainly from tyre wear, are globally considered to be one of the largest sources of microplastic contamination in the environment. Plastics can either be deposited in the road vicinity, at the roadside and in ditches or spread via stormwater and air to the environment and receiving water bodies. In cold climates, microplastics, as well as other traffic-related pollutants, can be temporarily stored in snow and ice on and around roads and streets. The location and concentration of these pollutants is influenced by winter operations, where ploughing and skid control contribute to redistribution, and by melting and compaction of ice and snow. This creates reservoirs of microplastics and other pollutants, which are released into stormwater or surrounding soil during thaws, but also provides an opportunity to reduce the spread of microplastics by managing snow and ice appropriately. In the present report, a case study of microplastics in snow has been carried out in the municipality of Karlstad in Sweden, to get an idea of the potential variation, both in terms of concentration and total amounts in relation to traffic and the location of the sampling in the street environment. Microplastics have been analysed by pyrolysis GC/MS to identify tyre-specific polymers in combination with eight commonly occurring plastic types. In addition, six municipalities in different parts of the country responded to a questionnaire on microplastics in snow and urban snowmelt management. The results show that microplastics related to tyre wear (rubber polymers) tend to be present in higher concentrations on and near the carriageway. Other plastics show a less clear link to traffic. Along a salted bicycle lane, an elevated level of polypropylene, from which the brush of the sweep-salting machine is made, could be detected in the surface layer of the snow. In general, knowledge about microplastics in urban snow is low in the municipalities that responded to the survey.
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11.
  • Drenning, Paul David, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • A risk management framework for Gentle Remediation Options (GRO)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 802
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) are remediation measures involving plants, fungi, bacteria, and soil amendments that can be applied to manage risks at contaminated sites. Several studies and decision-support tools promote the wider range of benefits provided by GRO, but there is still skepticism regarding GRO implementation. Key issues that need to be better communicated are the various risk mitigation mechanisms, the required risk reduction for an envisioned land use, and the time perspective associated with the risk mitigation mechanisms. To increase the viability and acceptance of GRO, the phytomanagement approach implies the combination of GRO with beneficial green land use, gradually reducing risks and restoring ecosystem services. To strengthen the decision basis for GRO implementation in practice, this paper proposes a framework for risk management and communication of GRO applications to support phytomanagement strategies at contaminated sites. The mapping of the risk mitigation mechanisms is done by an extensive literature review and the Swedish national soil guideline value model is used to derive the most relevant human health exposure pathways and ecological risks for generic green land use scenarios. Results indicate that most of the expected risk mitigation mechanisms are supported by literature, but that knowledge gaps still exist. The framework is demonstrated to support the identification of GRO options for the case study site given two envisioned land uses: biofuel park and allotment garden. A more easily understandable risk management framework, as proposed here, is expected to act as a communication tool to educate decision-makers, regulatory bodies and other stakeholders for better understanding of risk mitigation mechanisms and preliminary timeframes of various GRO, particularly in the early stages of a brownfield redevelopment project.
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12.
  • Drenning, Paul David, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • Enhancing ecosystem services at urban brownfield sites - What value does contaminated soil have in the built environment?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:5
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Urban environments are challenged with a plethora of wicked problems in the face of rapid urbanization and land use change, not least natural capital degradation and widespread land and water contamination. Brownfields, under-used sites with real or perceived contamination, are significant urban and peri-urban land resources which, with well-designed remediation and management strategies can address these concerns. Gentle remediation options (GRO) are scalable nature-based techniques which provide significant opportunities for multi-functionality: managing risks posed by contaminants and at the same time enhance ecosystem services (ES) by improving the soil ecosystem in a low-impact, cost-effective manner. GRO align with an increasing interest in taking a holistic view on soil and land management to protect and improve the soil ecosystem for direct human benefit in the form of ES as well as for its indirect, intrinsic value as a haven for biodiversity. This short review aims to present a synthesis of ideas to raise awareness for urban planners about GRO techniques as nature-based solutions which can promote green infrastructure in the urban environment.
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13.
  • Gaggini, Elly Lucia, 1993, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of fine and coarse tyre wear particles along a highway stormwater system and in receiving waters : Occurrence and transport
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 367:September
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tyre wear has been identified as a major road-related pollutant source, with road runoff transporting tyre wear particles (TWP) to adjacent soil, watercourses, or further through stormwater systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and transport of TWP along a stormwater system. Water and sediment have been sampled at selected points (road runoff, gully pots, wells, outlet to a ditch, and stream) through a stormwater system situated along a highway in Sweden during November and December 2022, and March 2023. As there is limited data on the size distribution of TWP in different environmental media, especially in the size fraction <20 μm, the samples were fractioned into a fine (1.6–20 μm) and a coarse (1.6–500 μm) size fraction. The samples were analysed using a combination of marker compounds (benzene, α-methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, and butadiene trimer) for styrene-butadiene rubbers with PYR-GC/MS from which TWP concentration was calculated. Suspended solids were analysed in the water samples, and organic content was analysed in the sediment samples. TWP was found at nearly all locations, with concentrations up to 17 mg/L in the water samples and up to 40 mg/g in the sediment samples. In the sediment samples, TWP in the size fraction 1.6–20 μm represented a significant proportion (20–60%). Correlations were found between TWP concentration and suspended solids in the water samples (r = 0.87) and organic content in the sediment samples (r = 0.72). The results presented in this study demonstrate that TWP can be transported to the surrounding environment through road runoff, with limited retention in the studied stormwater system. 
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14.
  • Gustafsson, Mats, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Street sweeping : a source to, or measure against, microplastic emissions?
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Microplastics from road traffic are mainly caused by tyre wear, which is globally considered to be one of the largest sources of microplastics. Tyre wear particles have been shown to occur in all media (road surface, air, soil, stormwater, lakes and rivers and coastal sediments) and are dispersed both by runoff and by atmospheric transport. To reduce the dispersion and possible effects of road traffic microplastics emissions, measures can be taken to prevent the formation of particles and to prevent their dispersion through treatment measures. This study focuses on street cleaning as a method to reduce emissions, but as many street cleaning methods are based on the use of plastic brushes, cleaning as a source of microplastics has also been considered. The study was carried out in collaboration with the municipality of Karlstad and included a review of how street cleaning is carried out in Karlstad in relation to uptake and dispersion of microplastics. Furthermore, a comparison between two cleaning machines (elevator and vacuum) has been made and a monitoring of microplastic amounts on the road surface during different phases of spring sweeping has been carried out. In order to estimate the amount of plastic torn from the brushes, weighing of the brushes has been carried out. In order to gain knowledge about the work of more municipalities on street sweeping from a microplastic perspective, a questionnaire study was sent out to six municipalities in different parts of the country. The results show that both cleaning machines have the capacity to reduce the amount of microplastics on the road surface. However, during spring sweeping, the amount of polypropylene (the most common plastic in the brushes) on the road surface increases. The distribution of analysed plastics differs significantly between the road surface and the material collected by the machines. This is thought to be due to the fact that the machines mainly collect coarser fractions, while finer fractions remain on the road surface. Knowledge of, and thus consideration of, microplastics in relation to operational measures such as street cleaning is currently low among the municipalities surveyed, but awareness exists, as does the need for support in implementing possible measures. The present study shows a complex problem picture and represents a first step in understanding how street cleaning can be used as a measure, but also indicates that the wear of plastic brushes leads to a net emission of microplastics.
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15.
  • Jarsjö, Jerker, et al. (författare)
  • Projecting impacts of climate change on metal mobilization at contaminated sites: Controls by the groundwater level
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 712
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heavy metal and metalloid contamination of topsoils from atmospheric deposition and release from landfills, agriculture, and industries is a widespread problem that is estimated to affect >50% of the EU's land surface. Influx of contaminants from soil to groundwater and their further downstream spread and impact on drinking water quality constitute a main exposure risk to humans. There is increasing concern that the present contaminant loading of groundwater and surface water systems may be altered, and potentially aggravated, by ongoing climate change, through large-scale impacts on recharge and groundwater levels. We investigated this issue by performing hydrogeological-geochemical model projections of changes in metal(loid) (As and Pb) mobilization in response to possible (climate-driven) future shifts in groundwater level and fluctuation amplitudes. We used observed initial conditions and boundary conditions for contaminated soils in the temperate climate zone. The results showed that relatively modest increases (0.2 m) in average levels of shallow groundwater systems, which may occur in Northern Europe within the coming two decades, can increase mass flows of metals through groundwater by a factor of 2–10. There is a similar risk of increased metal mobilization in regions subject to increased (seasonal or event-scale) amplitude of groundwater levels fluctuations. Neglecting groundwater level dynamics in predictive models can thus lead to considerable and systematic underestimation of metal mobilization and future changes. More generally, our results suggest that the key to quantifying impacts of climate change on metal mobilization is to understand how the contact between groundwater and the highly water-conducting and geochemically heterogeneous topsoil layers will change in the future.
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16.
  • Johannesson, Mikael, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om mikroplast från vägtrafiken
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna rapport är en redovisning av det regeringsuppdrag VTI fick i december 2017 om att ta fram och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken och som löpte fram till den 1 juni 2021. Uppdraget omfattade en budget på totalt 20 Mkr. Anledningen till uppdraget var bl.a. att kunskapen om mikroplast från vägtrafiken är mycket begränsad samtidigt som däck- och vägslitagepartiklar från vägtrafiken är en stor källa. Uppdraget var ett led i regeringens arbete att nationellt och internationellt genomföra insatser för att minska problemen med plast i miljön. Rapporten är strukturerad utifrån den kunskap som specifikt efterfrågas i uppdraget, som t.ex. kunskap om hur partiklarna sprids och vad man kan göra åt det, samt vad regeringen önskar att VTI ska göra, som t.ex. skriva vetenskapliga artiklar, samverka med myndigheter och sprida kunskap.Denna rapport är en sammanfattning av de aktiviteter som genomförts och de resultat som kommit fram inom ramen för uppdraget. Kunskapen om mikroplast från däck- och vägslitagepartiklar har från en låg nivå ökat snabbt under senare år genom forskning som bedrivits inom och utanför regerings-uppdraget. Det gäller t.ex. kunskap om beredning och analys av prover, däckpartiklars fysiska och kemiska egenskaper, däck- och vägslitagepartiklars förekomst i väg- och gatumiljö, deras potentiella spridningsvägar, vilka potentiella styrmedel och åtgärder som finns.
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17.
  • Johansson, Glenn, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Removal and release of microplastics and other environmental pollutants during the start-up of bioretention filters treating stormwater
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 468
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Untreated stormwater is a major source of microplastics, organic pollutants, metals, and nutrients in urban water courses. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge about the start-up periods of bioretention filters. A rain garden pilot facility with 13 bioretention filters was constructed and stormwater from a highway and adjacent impervious surfaces was used for irrigation for ∼12 weeks. Selected plants (Armeria maritima, Hippophae rhamnoides, Juncus effusus, and Festuca rubra) was planted in ten filters. Stormwater percolated through the filters containing waste-to-energy bottom ash, biochar, or Sphagnum peat, mixed with sandy loam. Influent and effluent samples were taken to evaluate removal of the above-mentioned pollutants.
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18.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in the road environment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tire wear particles (TWP) are assumed to be one of the major sources of microplastic pollution to the environment. However, many of the previously published studies are based on theoretical estimations rather than field measurements. To increase the knowledge regarding actual environmental concentrations, samples were collected and analyzed from different matrices in a rural highway environment to characterize and quantify TWP and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles. The sampled matrices included road dust (from kerb and in-between wheeltracks), runoff (water and sediment), and air. In addition, airborne deposition was determined in a transect with increasing distance from the road. Two sieved size fractions (2–20 µm and 20–125 µm) were analyzed by automated Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) single particle analysis and classified with a machine learning algorithm into the following subclasses: TWP, bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metals, minerals, and biogenic/organic particles. The relative particle number concentrations (%) showed that the runoff contained the highest proportion of TWP (up to 38 %). The share of TWP in kerb samples tended to be higher than BiWP. However, a seasonal increase of BiWP was observed in coarse (20–125 µm) kerb samples during winter, most likely reflecting studded tire use. The concentration of the particle subclasses within airborne PM80-1 decreases with increasing distance from the road, evidencing road traffic as the main emission source. The results confirm that road dust and the surrounding environment contain traffic-derived microplastics in both size fractions. The finer fraction (2–20 µm) dominated (by mass, volume, and number) in all sample matrices. These particles have a high potential to be transported in water and air far away from the source and can contribute to the inhalable particle fraction (PM10) in air. This highlights the importance of including also finer particle fractions in future investigations.
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19.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Differentiating and Quantifying Carbonaceous (Tire, Bitumen, and Road Marking Wear) and Non-carbonaceous (Metals, Minerals, and Glass Beads) Non-exhaust Particles in Road Dust Samples from a Traffic Environment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 233:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tires, bitumen, and road markings are important sources of traffic-derived carbonaceous wear particles and microplastic (MP) pollution. In this study, we further developed a machine-learning algorithm coupled to an automated scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analytical approach to classify and quantify the relative number of the following subclasses contained in environmental road dust: tire wear particles (TWP), bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metallics, minerals, and biogenic/organics. The method is non-destructive, rapid, repeatable, and enables information about the size, shape, and elemental composition of particles 2-125 mu m. The results showed that the method enabled differentiation between TWP and BiWP for particles > 20 mu m with satisfying results. Furthermore, the relative number concentration of the subclasses was similar in both analyzed size fractions (2-20 mu m and 20-125 mu m), with minerals as the most dominant subclass (2-20 mu m x = 78%, 20-125 mu m x = 74%) followed by tire and bitumen wear particles, TBiWP, (2-20 mu m x = 19%, 20-125 mu m x = 22%). Road marking wear, glass beads, and metal wear contributed to x = 1%, x = 0.1%, and x = 1% in the 2-20-mu m fraction and to x = 0.5%, x = 0.2%, and x = 0.4% in the 20-125-mu m fraction. The present results show that road dust appreciably consists of TWP and BiWP within both the coarse and the fine size fraction. The study delivers quantitative evidence of the importance of tires, bitumen, road marking, and glass beads besides minerals and metals to wear particles and MP pollution in traffic environments based on environmental (real-world) samples
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20.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Occurrence of tire and bitumen wear microplastics on urban streets and in sweepsand and washwater
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 729
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tire and road wear particles have been identified as a potential major source of microplastics in the environment. However, more knowledge of the emissions and their further fate in the environment is needed, and the effectiveness and benefits of potential measures must be investigated to support future risk management efforts. Here the concentrations of tire and bitumen microplastic particles (TBMP) on roads and in nearby in stormwater, sweepsand and washwater were measured for the first time within the same area and time period. The analysis also included plastic, paint and fiber particles. Road dust was sampled on the road surface using a wet dust sampler, before and after street sweeping on two occasions. On each of these occasions, and several occasions during a four-month period with frequent street sweeping, sweepsand and washwater, as well as flow-weighted sampling of stormwater, were collected. TBMP concentrations were operationally defined, using density separation for some samples, followed by analysis by stereo microscopy. Sodium iodide (NaI) was found to be effective for density separation of TBMP. The largest proportion of anthropogenic microplastics detected consisted of tire tread wear and bitumen. The number of TBMP ≥100 μm in the WDS samples was up to 2561 particles/L. Sweepsand and washwater contained high amounts of TBMP ≥100 μm, up to 2170 particles/kg dw and 4500 particles/L, respectively. The results show that the sweeper collects considerable amounts of TBMP, and thus weekly sweeping might prevent further transport of TBMP to the receiving stormwater. In stormwater the number of particles ≥100 μm was up to 3 particles/L and ≥ 20 μm was up to 5900 particles/L showing the importance of analysing smaller microparticle sizes than 100 μm in all samples in future studies. This study also confirms that there is a substantial volume of TBMP generated from traffic that enters the environment.
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21.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991 (författare)
  • Occurrence of Traffic-Derived Microplastics in Different Matrices in the Road Environment
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The prevalence of microplastic contamination has raised concerns about the potential risk and impact on the global environment. Traffic-derived microplastics, i.e., tire wear particles (TWP), polymer-modified bitumen, and road markings contribute to the emissions, and TWP are assumed to be one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions. Due to analytical difficulties, there is still a knowledge gap regarding transport routes, environmental concentrations, and toxicity. This thesis aims to investigate the occurrence of traffic-derived microplastics in several traffic environments and thereby increase the understanding of the particles. Samples were collected on the road surface (Paper I‒IV), in the stormwater (Paper I, II, and IV), in the air (Paper IV), and in material collected by a street sweeper (Paper I‒II). In addition to environmental samples, a road-simulator was used to generate TWP in a controlled environment enabling comparison between tire types and brands resulting in a deeper understanding of the characteristics and physicochemical properties of TWP (Paper V). Different sample preparation steps such as optimised density separation, solvent cleaning, and size fractionation have been assessed, and several analytical methods light microscopy, SEM/EDX, FTIR, and pyr-GC/MS have been evaluated and used for the analysis of traffic-derived particles. Further, a novel method, automated SEM/EDX single particle analysis coupled to a machine learning classifier, has been developed for the analysis of TWP and other traffic-derived particles (Paper III, implemented in Paper IV). The automated SEM/EDX determined the size, shape, surface texture, and elemental composition of the different particles, and was able to categorize the particles into several subclasses: TWP, bitumen, road markings, metals, organics, and minerals. The estimated absolute masses showed that the fine fraction (2‒20 µm) corresponds to more than 50w% of the TWP and bitumen wear particles independently of the sample matrix indicating that TWP can both affect the PM10 concentrations and be transported long distances through water and air (Paper IV). Further, it was concluded that the stormwater system is an important transport route for traffic-derived particles, especially since the road runoff in Sweden is not commonly treated prior to release to recipients. Street sweeping as a potential measure to prevent the spreading of TWP was evaluated in Paper I‒II. Even though the street sweeper collects considerable amounts of material containing high concentrations of TWP, metals, and organic pollutants, no clear reduction was detected neither on the road surface nor in the stormwater. Besides traffic-derived microplastics, Paper II analysed metals and organic pollutants. The results showed concentrations of metals, PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons exceeding the national guidelines. The result from this thesis contributes to an increased knowledge about the properties and composition of TWP as well as the occurrence of traffic-derived microplastics in different environments. The results can be used as validation against theoretical emissions and transport models. The results have also highlighted the importance of including fine particles (<20 µm) in forthcoming works.
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22.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 774
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16–C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
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23.
  • Mattsson, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Tyre and road wear particles from source to sea
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Microplastics and Nanoplastics. - : Springer. - 2662-4966. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) are an important microplastics contributor to the environment, although direct observations along suggested pathways are virtually absent. There are concerns for both human health and ecosystems from TRWP exposure and leached chemicals. Due to great analytical challenges in detection and characterization, almost nothing is known about the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, fate and transport of TRWP in the environment. Diverse tyre types exist for different seasons and vehicle profiles, and their formulations are undisclosed proprietary information.Here we show TRWP dispersion in marine sediments, and a direct link between tyre formulation, tread hardness and TRWP emissions. Softer tyres with higher natural rubber and carbon black content generate higher particle wear. Sediment TRWP dominates the microplastics assemblage close to the city, while showing a much more steeply reducing concentration gradient with distance from the source, suggesting different transport behaviour compared to lower density microplastics. This implies that urbanized coastal ecosystems are impacted by the accumulating TRWP, with consequences for sediment ecosystems.
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24.
  • Mirzanamadi, Raheb, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Lateral Track Buckling in Sweden : Insights from Operators and Infrastructure Managers
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: CivilEng. - : MDPI. - 2673-4109. ; 5:1, s. 136-149
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rail transport is expected to become a key component in the development of a long-term sustainable transport system. The planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of railway infrastructure are crucial in this effort. Hence, it is essential to ascertain that the railway infrastructure withstands and is adapted to extreme weather conditions and climate change. This study focuses on evaluating climate adaptation measures for lateral track buckling in Sweden. Through a literature review and interview with an expert at Swedish Transport Administration, it is highlighted that the maintenance status of railway infrastructure plays a significant role in the occurrence of lateral track buckling. According to the expert, inadequate track maintenance is the primary cause of lateral track buckling rather than weather variables like air temperature. The interview also clarifies that the chain of events related to the handling of track buckling is mainly initiated by the observation of a discrete lateral irregularity by a train driver, whereupon the train dispatcher at the traffic management center stops traffic until the location in the track has been inspected by a track entrepreneur. During the inspection, up to half of the observed cases of track buckling turn out to be false.
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25.
  • Mourad, Khaldoon, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing flooding and possible adaptation measures using remote sensing data and hydrological modeling in Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0963. ; 38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, Europe is experiencing more frequent and greater floods compared to the last 500 years due to climate change among other factors. This has increased the associated risks, especially in urban areas, which poses a great challenge to all stakeholders. To protect traffic networks from possible floods, this paper uses QGIS, remote sensing data, and HEC-HMS model to assess flooding events and possible adaptation measures. Two case studies have been taken; 1) a 60-mm rainstorm that occurred in 2012 on a main road in the Northern part of Sweden (NB)); and 2) a 35-mm rainstorm that occurred in 2019 in the Southern part of Gothenburg (GO). The resulting flood hydrographs show that the peak reached are 0.5 m3/s and 3.8 m3/s in GO and NB, respectively. To adapt to these flood events, four adaptation measures were assessed namely afforestation, permeable pavements & green roofs, multi-use detention basins and culvert installation considering food production, biodiversity, prosperity, and the environment. The study has shown that afforestation is an effective flood risk mitigation measure to handle both moderate and extreme rain events. Well-maintained permeable surfaces and green roofs are effective in reducing flooding due to moderate rainfall, but not in reducing the impacts of extreme rainfall events. Well-designed multi-functional detention basins are good flood protection measures, however, if they are not well-maintained, their efficiency may be reduced by up to 90 %. Culverts are effective for frequent and limited rain events but extreme rain events may even increase flood risk and thereby contribute to damaging the infrastructure.
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26.
  • Nordin, Lina, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental Impact of Electric Road Systems : A Compilation of the literature review of Work Package 2 in the FOI-platform for Electrified Roads
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Swedish Government decided in 2017 to investigate different possibilities and challenges with implementing electrified roads in Sweden and since then, the Swedish Transport Administration has a program for investigations and research regarding electric road systems (ERS). The Research and Innovation Platform for Electrified Roads is part of this program and the present report is a compilation of the results derived regarding environmental impact of ERS from the work in work package two of this platform.The general concept of ERS is to deliver energy for charging and propulsion of vehicles while driving.The environmental aspects that are covered in this report are mainly focusing on particles, noise and electromagnetic field emissions. The information is attained from literature reviews and discussions with project leaders of demonstration projects for electrified roads in Sweden. Comparisons were made with similar existing techniques or concepts. The overall results indicate that more research is needed on environmental impact of ERS, mainly regarding particles from the wear of conductive ERSas well as on emissions of electromagnetic fields. It is for instance important to consider emissions from electromagnetic fields as early on in the development phase as possible as well as looking intothe standards that regulates or need to regulate these technologies in order for them to work properly together with other electrical devices on or close to the roads. Screening of electromagnetic fields is an alternative, which could become a costly solution if considered later on in the process.
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27.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Integrated assessment of management strategies for metal-contaminated dredged sediments : What are the best approaches for ports, marinas and waterways?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 716
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sediments in ports, marinas and waterways around the world are often contaminated with metals arising from anthropogenic activities. Regular dredging is needed to achieve an appropriate water depth and reduce the environmental impact of pollutants. The aim of this study was to develop an integrated assessment method for comparing various management strategies for dredged sediments at six case study sites in Sweden. Short- and long-term environmental impacts were investigated for different management approaches, including landfilling, deep-sea disposal, metal extraction in combination with the two aforementioned, and natural recovery (no dredging). The potential value of metals in the sediments was estimated using sediment metal contents and current metal prices. Additionally, an assessment of how metal extraction could result in lower management costs was carried out. The cost of the different management approaches was calculated and evaluated together with the corresponding environmental impacts. This study shows that there is a monetary value in dredged materials, in terms of metal content, and that the materials can potentially be used for metal extraction. Metal extraction may also help to reduce the management costs, as cleaner materials are cheaper to handle. The choice of metal recovery method is important in both monetary and environmental terms, potentially contributing to a circular economy. In the future, metal recovery may become more profitable, as technologies are improved, and due to probable increases in metal prices and landfill costs.
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28.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Low impact leaching agents as remediation media for organotin and metal contaminated sediments
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 282
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • All over the world, elevated levels of metals and the toxic compound tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products are found in sediments, especially close to areas associated with shipping and anthropogenic activities. Ports require regular removal of sediments. As a result, large volumes of often contaminated sediments must be managed. The aim of this study was to investigate enhanced leaching as a treatment method for organotin (TBT) and metal (Cu and Zn) contaminated marine sediments. Thus, enabling the possibility to reuse these cleaner masses e.g. in construction. In addition to using acid and alkaline leaching agents that extract the OTs and metals but reduce the management options post treatment, innovative alternatives such as EDDS, hydroxypropyl cellulose, humic acid, iron colloids, ultra-pure Milli-Q water, saponified tall oil (“soap”), and NaCl were tested. Organotin removal ranged from 36 to 75%, where the most efficient leaching agent was Milli-Q water, which was also the leaching agent achieving the highest removal rate for TBT (46%), followed by soap (34%). The TBT reduction accomplished by Milli-Q water and soap leaching enabled a change in Swedish sediment classification from the highest class to the second highest class. The highest reduction of Zn was in HPC leached samples (39% removal) and Cu in EDDS leached samples (33% removal). Although high metal and OT leaching were achieved, none of the investigated leaching agents are sufficiently effective for the removal of both metals and OTs. The results of this study indicate that leaching with ultra-clean water, such as Milli-Q water, may be sufficient to treat TBT contaminated sediments and potentially allow mass reuse. © 2021 The Authors
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29.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Removal of organotin compounds and metals from Swedish marine sediment using Fenton’s reagent and electrochemical treatment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:19, s. 27988-28004
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metal and tributyltin (TBT) contaminated sediments are problematic for sediment managers and the environment. This study is the first to compare Fenton’s reagent and electrochemical treatment as remediation methods for the removal of TBT and metals using laboratory-scale experiments on contaminated dredged sediment. The costs and the applicability of the developed methods were also compared and discussed. Both methods removed > 98% TBT from TBT-spiked sediment samples, while Fenton’s reagent removed 64% of the TBT and electrolysis 58% of the TBT from non-spiked samples. TBT in water phase was effectively degraded in both experiments on spiked water and in leachates during the treatment of the sediment. Positive correlations were observed between TBT removal and the added amount of hydrogen peroxide and current density. Both methods removed metals from the sediment, but Fenton’s reagent was identified as the most potent option for effective removal of both metals and TBT, especially from highly metal-contaminated sediment. However, due to risks associated with the required chemicals and low pH level in the sediment residue following the Fenton treatment, electrochemical treatment could be a more sustainable option for treating larger quantities of contaminated sediment.
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30.
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31.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • The effects of electrochemical pretreatment and curing environment on strength and leaching of stabilized/solidified contaminated sediment
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 31:4, s. 5866-5880
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Stabilization and solidification (S/S) is known to improve the structural properties of sediment and reduce contaminant mobility, enabling the utilization of dredged contaminated sediment. Further reduction of contaminants (e.g., tributyltin (TBT) and metals) can be done using electrochemical treatment prior to S/S and could potentially minimize contaminant leaching. This is the first study on how electrochemical pretreatment affects the strength and leaching properties of stabilized sediments. It also investigates how salinity and organic carbon in the curing liquid affect the stabilized sediment. 
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32.
  • Oscott, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Triple F Utvecklingsplan : Version 1
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Triple F (Fossil Free Freight) är ett nationellt forsknings- och innovationsprogram med syfte att utveckla kunskap som kan bidra till att minska godstransporternas växthusgasutsläpp i Sverige. Programmet finansieras av Trafikverket. I uppstartsfasen hösten 2018 till hösten 2020 genomförs fem s.k. etableringsprojekt som ska skapa en bas för arbetet:Systemövergripande uppföljningOmvärldsanalys LogistikOmvärldsanalys TeknikOmvärldsanalys PolicyUtvecklingsplanRapporten Triple F Utvecklingsplan har målsättningen att vara ett vägledande dokument för prioriteringar och projekt inom programmet samt att säkerställa att verksamheten inriktas på de mest relevanta forskningsfrågorna för att bidra till omställningen. För faktaunderlag till rapporten hänvisar vi till Triple F omvärldsanalyser och systemövergripande uppföljning.
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33.
  • Patrício, João, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • End-of-life tyres applications : technologies and environmental impacts
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The worldwide consumption of tyres is growing, with an estimated global tyre production of approximately 2.2 billion tons in 2019. Tyres may contain a large variety of chemical compounds and therefore must be managed properly. On the other hand, end-of-life tyres contain several unique characteristics that make them suitable for multiple applications. This report focuses on analyzing end-of- life tyre management in Europe in general and Sweden in particular. The study also investigates the recycling technologies available in the market to manage end-of-life tyres. Furthermore, the expected environmental impacts for end-of-life tyres, in general, are investigated. The study is done based on a literature review, which is complemented with information obtained from interviews with relevant actors. In Sweden, end-of-life tyres are a substantial waste flow, accounting for approximately 85,000 tons per year. Sixty-five percent of tyres in Sweden are used as an energy source for energy production or in the cement industry, 34% are reused or recycled and 1% are exported. The report presents several opportunities for the use of end-of-life tyres (or materials) highlighting the material versatility. Examples include the use of tyre shreds as lightweight material or the use of granulated rubber in applications such as asphalt or concrete production. Many of the presented applications have a high potential contribution to a more circular economy. However, there is a need to better brand the applications as well link different stakeholders. Regarding the environmental analysis, the use of these end-of-life tyres may reduce the need of several virgin materials and reduces energy use. The literature analysis of potential leaching and human and environmental risks are inconclusive and there is still a lack of knowledge regarding leaching, bioavailability, toxicity and the related human and environmental risks in different applications. While some studies have shown that the use of end-of-life tyres materials is safe for the environment, others have shown a potential release risk of metals and PAHs. Therefore, the implementation of scientifically and risk-based regulations that define substances limits for tyre-derived products would potentially help the acceptance and use of these materials by users and contractors. Particularly for applications in which the tyre-derived products might be in contact with sensitive groups in the population, e.g. children. The standardization of tyre-derived materials with specific physical and chemical characteristics could be a step forward to increase the production of high-quality materials. 
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34.
  • Patrício, João, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Hantering av uttjänta däck : tekniker och miljöpåverkan
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Förbrukningen av däck ökar i hela världen, och 2019 uppskattades den globala produktionen till cirka 2,2 miljarder ton. Däck innehåller olika kemikalier och måste därför vid återvinning hanteras på lämpligt sätt. Uttjänta däck har dock många unika egenskaper som gör dem lämpliga för flera olika applikationer. Denna rapport fokuserar på analys av hantering av uttjänta däck i Europa och speciellt i Sverige. I studien ingår att undersöka återvinningstekniker som finns på marknaden för att hantera uttjänta däck och deras förväntade miljöpåverkan. Studien baseras på en litteraturgenomgång som kompletterats med information från intervjuer med ett urval relevanta aktörer. I Sverige utgör uttjänta däck ett stort avfallsflöde på cirka 85 000 ton per år. Sextiofem procent av däcken i Sverige används som energikälla för energiproduktion eller inom cementindustrin, 9 procent används som sprängmattor, 25 procent för materialåtervinning och 1 procent exporteras. Mer än 20 möjligheter för användning av uttjänta däck (eller gummimaterialet) presenteras i rapporten, som till exempel användning av däckstrimlor som lättviktsmaterial och användning av granulerat gummi som tillsats i asfalt- eller betong. Många av de presenterade applikationerna bedöms ha en stor potential. Det finns dock ett behov av bättre marknadsföring av applikationer och bättre länkning mellan olika aktörer. Från miljöanalysen framgår att användningen av uttjänta däck minskar behovet av flera jungfruliga råvaror. Analysen av de miljö- och hälsoeffekter som beskrivs i litteraturen ger dock motstridiga resultat och dessutom finns mycket lite information och kunskap om lakbarhet, biotillgänglighet, toxicitet och relaterade risker för människor och miljö för de olika användningsområdena. Vissa studier har visat att användning av uttjänta däckmaterial inte är miljöfarligt, medan andra har visat på ett möjligt läckage av metaller och PAH. Vetenskapligt välunderbyggda riskbaserade gränsvärden för miljö- och hälsofarliga ämnen i granulerat gummi, kan bidra till större acceptans och användning, särskilt inom användningsområden där de däckbaserade produkterna kan komma i kontakt med känsliga grupper i befolkningen, till exempel barn. Standardisering av däckbaserade material med specifika fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper kan vara ett steg framåt för att öka produktionen av högkvalitativa material.
  •  
35.
  • Polukarova, Maria, 1992-, et al. (författare)
  • Organic pollutants, nano- and microparticles in street sweeping road dust and washwater
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 135
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Road areas are pollution hotspots where many metals, organic pollutants (OPs) and nano/microparticles accumulate before being transported to receiving waters. Particles on roads originate from e.g. road, tyre and vehicle wear, winter road maintenance, soil erosion, and deposition. Street sweeping has the potential to be an effective and affordable practice to reduce the occurrence of road dust, and thereby the subsequent spreading of pollutants, but there is currently little knowledge regarding its effectiveness. In this paper we investigate the potential of street sweeping to reduce the amounts of OPs and nano/microparticles reaching stormwater, in a case study sampling road dust and washwater from a street sweeping machine, road dust before and after sweeping, and stormwater. The compound groups generally found in the highest concentrations in all matrices were aliphatics C5–C35 > phthalates > aromatics C8–C35 > PAH-16. The concentrations of aliphatics C16–C35 and PAHs in washwater were extremely high at ≤ 53,000 µg/L and ≤ 120 µg/L, respectively, and the highest concentrations were found after a 3-month winter break in sweeping. In general, fewer aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs were detected in road dust samples than in washwater. The relative composition of the specific PAH-16 suggests tyre wear, vehicle exhausts, brake linings, motor oils and road surface wear as possible sources. The study indicates that many of the hydrophobic compounds quantified in washwater are attached to small particles or truly dissolved. The washwater contains a wide range of small particles, including nanoparticles in sizes from just below 1 nm up to 300 nm, with nanoparticles in the size range 25–300 nm present in the highest concentrations. The results also indicated agglomeration of nanoparticles in the washwater. The street sweeping collected a large amount of fine particles and associated pollutants, leading to the conclusion that washwater from street sweeping needs to be treated before disposal.
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36.
  • Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Dispersion and fate models for microplastics from tyre and road wear : state of the art and possibilities
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Microplastics from tyre and road wear constitute a large source of pollutants to nature and the amount of microplastics in different environments and their dispersion in nature are to a large degree unknown. In this literature review models that can be used for dispersion and fate modelling of microplastics in nature are presented together with available model studies. Models for dispersion in air, stormwater and freshwater, soil and groundwater, sea and combined modelling in several environments are described.Modelling of microplastic dispersion in air is possible with several existing models. Hydrologic models are also possible to use quantitatively for modelling in watercourses but needs to be calibrated against measurements. Recently, models have been developed specifically for modelling of microplastics in watercourses and in the sea, although not focusing on tyre and road wear. Soil models are not yet developed for modelling of microplastics, but here the dispersion is also slower.
  •  
37.
  • Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Integrated cost and environmental impact assessment of management options for dredged sediment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 138, s. 30-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large quantities of sediment must be dredged regularly to enable marine transport and trade. The sediments are often polluted, with e.g. metals, which limits the management options. The aim of this study has been to assess costs and environmental impacts (impact on climate, marine organisms, etc.) of different management options for polluted dredged sediment, by combining life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the climate impact, scoring of other environmental aspects and a cost evaluation. This approach has been used to study both traditional and new management alternatives for a real port case. The studied options include landfilling, deep-sea disposal, construction of a port area using a stabilization and solidification (S/S) method, and a combination of the aforementioned methods with the innovative option of metal recovery through sediment electrolysis. The LCA showed that deep-sea disposal had the lowest climate impact. The assessment of the other environmental impacts showed that the result varied depending on the pollution level and the time perspective used (short or long-term). Using sediment for construction had the highest climate impact, although other environmental impacts were comparably low. Electrolysis was found to be suitable for highly polluted sediments, as it left the sediment cleaner and enabled recovery of precious metals, however the costs were high. The results highlight the complexity of comparing different environmental impacts and the benefits of using integrated assessments to provide clarity, and to evaluate both the synergetic and counteracting effects associated with the investigated scenarios and may aid early-stage decision making.
  •  
38.
  • Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Modelled atmospheric concentration of tyre wear in an urban environment
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment: X. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1621. ; 20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Microplastics are emitted to the environment from many sources, and transported via water, soil and air. The airborne component is less well studied and measurements often focus on particles larger than 10 μm, while smaller particles are worse from a health perspective and likely more abundant. Measurement studies do often not include tyre wear, which is a large source of microplastics in urban areas. To improve the understanding of the microplastics concentration in urban areas, simulations of emissions and concentrations of atmospheric tyre wear particles (TWP) over Stockholm are performed. The results show that TWP are ubiquitous in urban areas, with highest concentrations along busy highways and in poorly ventilated street canyons. Yearly average roof level concentrations of TWP-PM10 range from 0.2 μg m−3 in areas with moderate traffic to 1.2 μg m−3 close to busy highways. Average yearly concentrations at three selected street canyons range from 0.7 to 1.1 μg m−3. The modelled concentrations correspond to 4–6% of the total measured PM10 concentration. TWP emissions are expected to increase with increasing traffic in future, and possibly also with the increase in vehicle weight with electric vehicles and SUV:s.
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39.
  • Svensson, Nina, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Spridningsmodeller för mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage : nuläge och möjligheter
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage utgör en stor källa av föroreningar till naturen och mängden mikroplast i olika naturmiljöer och deras spridningsvägar är till stor del okända. I denna litteraturstudie presenteras modeller som kan användas för spridningsberäkningar av mikroplast i naturen och de befintliga studier som gjorts på detta område. Modeller för spridning i luft, dagvatten och sötvatten, mark och grundvatten, hav och kombinerad modellering i flera miljöer beskrivs.Modellering av mikroplastspridning i luft är i nuläget möjligt med flertalet modeller. Hydrologiska modeller går också att användas kvantitativt för modellering i vattendrag, men behöver kalibreras mot mätningar. Nyligen har modeller specifikt för mikroplast i vattendrag och hav skapats, dock inte med fokus på däck- och vägslitagepartiklar. Markmodeller är ännu inte utvecklade för att kunna ta hänsyn till mikroplast, men här sker spridningen också långsammare.
  •  
40.
  • Takman, Johanna, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • A framework for barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions for renewable energy diffusion: Exemplified by liquefied biogas for heavy trucks
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 110, s. 150-160
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study has developed and applied a framework to analyse barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions for the diffusion of alternative fuels, here exemplified by liquefied biogas (LBG) for heavy trucks. The study is based on expert and stakeholder interviews in Sweden. Also, the study estimates a cost example of using heavy duty LBG-trucks instead of conventional diesel trucks. The framework is based on two previously published frameworks to categorise barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions and comprises five categories: financial, technical/commercial/physical, policy, public acceptability, and market structure/interaction barriers. Each category considers both the system and actor levels. The results of this study fit the framework's categories well, and the framework is appropriate for analysing the diffusion of liquefied biogas for heavy trucks, and other technologies with similar characteristics. The results further indicate that a network level, in addition to the system and actor levels, could advance our understanding of renewable energy diffusion. The most mentioned opportunities were climate/environmental benefits, potential profitability, and newly introduced policies. The cost estimates show that given current taxes and policies in Sweden, the costs of using LBG-trucks are only marginally higher than those of using conventional diesel trucks. Commonly cited barriers were financial issues, an unstable policy context, lack of infrastructure, and lack of knowledge. Suggested solutions for overcoming barriers were financial incentives, a stable policy context, demonstration projects, and information campaigns. Improved knowledge and working together throughout the biogas value chain, with a palette of renewable energy options, are important for accelerating a sustainable renewable fuel diffusion. Several policy instruments that currently exists in Sweden already target the mentioned barriers. Thus, it is important to continuously evaluate policy instruments to understand if they are effective and efficient, or if anything need to be changed to reach the targets of the policy instrument.
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41.
  • Trosvik, Lina, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • A meta-evaluation of climate policy evaluations : findings from the freight transport sector
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Transport reviews. - : Routledge. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327. ; 43:5, s. 867-887
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Knowledge about how implemented policy instruments have performed is important for designing effective and efficient policy instruments that contribute to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper carries out a meta-evaluation of ex-post evaluations of climate policy instruments in the freight transport sector. By analysing the outcomes and quality of evaluations, the aim is to identify whether estimated effects of policy instruments can be compared between evaluations and if the results are appropriate to use for evidence-based decision making. To analyse these aspects, commonly applied evaluation criteria are assessed and classified according to an assessment scale. We confirm that few ex-post evaluations are carried out and that there is a gap between evaluation theory and how ex-post policy evaluations are performed in practice, where evaluation criteria recommended in policy evaluation guidelines are found to often be neglected in evaluations. The result is a lack of systematic climate policy evaluation which hinders reliable conclusions about the effect of policy instruments. There is a need for more systematic monitoring and evaluation of implemented policy instruments and we suggest that evidence-based decision making can be improved by adjusting current policy evaluation guidelines and by introducing an evaluation obligation.
  •  
42.
  • Trosvik, Lina, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Maritime transport and air emissions in Sweden and business-as-usual scenarios for 2030 and 2045 : based on AIS data for 2015
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This report is part of the Carrots & Sticks project, which has the main purpose of analysing policy instruments and measures that most cost-effectively can reduce emissions from maritime transport in Sweden. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the current situation of maritime transport in Sweden and to provide business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios for the future development of air emissions. By using AIS data (Automatic Identification System) for 2015, this report uses a bottom-up method to estimate air emissions from maritime transport. The report also examines how the estimated emissions contribute to the achievement of Swedish environmental quality objectives.The environmental quality objectives of relevance when examining emissions to air from maritime transport, and which are of relevance within the Carrots & Sticks project, are Reduced climate impact, Clean air, Natural acidification only and Zero eutrophication. This report therefore focuses on the development of emissions to air related to these four objectives, which include emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOX).The method used in the official statistics for estimating air emissions from maritime transport has recently (December 2019) been substantially modified. The previous estimation method had ambiguities related to the data collection process, which was the main reason for the modification of the method. Due to these uncertainties, this report develops an alternative method for estimation of emissions. The main advantages of the estimation method used in this report compared to the method used in the official statistics are that it allows a classification of the traffic types domestic, international and transit and that it covers a specific geographical area surrounding Sweden, which provides more information about where the emissions are emitted. Furthermore, recently developed emission factors are applied, which take current and decided policy instruments into account. The dataset also allows for the possibility of separating emissions emitted at sea and at berth, which can facilitate the analysis of the potential that policy instruments can have on emissions reduction.
  •  
43.
  • Wilkinson, Tim, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Shades of grey-tire characteristics and road surface influence tire and road wear particle (TRWP) abundance and physicochemical properties
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-665X. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is mounting evidence that tire wear particles can harm natural systems, but worldwide trends in car weight and car usage, mean emissions are set to increase. To control tire wear emissions and help understand fate and transport, detailed characterisation of the particles, and the relationship between road surface properties and emission profiles is needed. This study deployed a suite of experiments utilising the advanced road simulator of the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute to compare seasonal tire types from three brands. An extraction method was developed for a coarse (>30 mu m) fraction of tire and road wear particles (TRWP), and a comprehensive physicochemical characterisation scheme applied to both TRWP and tire-tread, including microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and pyrolysis-GC/MS. Road simulator dusts and hand-picked TRWP showed differences in shape, numbers, and mass between tire types and brands, and between asphalt and cement concrete road surfaces. Contrary to accepted perceptions, tactile analyses revealed that firm-elastic TRWP comprised only a minor proportion of TRWP. Fragile and chemically distinct tire-road-derived particles, termed here sub-elastic TRWP, comprised 39-100% of TRWP. This finding raises urgent questions about overall TRWP classification and identification features, resistance to weathering, and environmental fate. At the same time, differences in TRWP generation between tire formulations, and road surfaces, show potential for controlling emissions to reduce global impacts.
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