| 1. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Coal tar-containing asphalt : Resource or hazardous waste?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 11:4, s. 99-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coal tar was used in Sweden for the production of asphalt and for the drenching of stabilization gravel until 1973. The tar has high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which may be strongly carcinogenic. Approximately 20 million tonnes of tar-containing asphalt is present in the public roads in Sweden. Used asphalt from rebuilding can be classified as hazardous waste according to the Swedish Waste Act. The cost of treating the material removed as hazardous waste can be very high due to the large amount that has to be treated, and the total environmental benefit is unclear. The transport of used asphalt to landfill or combustion will affect other environmental targets. The present project, based on three case studies of road projects in Sweden, evaluates the consequences of four scenarios for handling the material: reuse, landfill, biological treatment, and incineration. The results show that reuse of the coal tar-containing materials in new road construction is the most favorable alternative in terms of cost, material use, land use, energy consumption, and air emissions.
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| 2. |
- Lizárraga, Raquel, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal and magnetic structure investigation of TbNi5-xCux (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) : Experiment and theory
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 74:9, s. 094419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Cu substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of TbNi5-xCux (x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, magnetization measurements and neutron powder and single crystal diffraction. The electronic and the magnetic structures of TbNi5 were studied using first principles theory. All samples were found to have the CaCu5-type structure, space group P6/mmm. The lattice parameters increase monotonically with increasing Cu concentration. The Curie temperature T-c has a maximum value of 29 K at x=1.0. The magnetic structure of TbNi5 at 10 K is incommensurate with a helimagnetic component [wave vector q similar to 2 pi/c(0,0,0.02)] perpendicular to a ferromagnetic one. In contrast, the substituted TbNi5-xCux alloy is ferromagnetic. All magnetic moments are observed to be located on the Tb atoms. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the ab plane is observed to be strongly increased by the Cu substitution, whereas the magnetization decreases with the Cu concentration. The observed magnetic structure of TbNi5 is consistent with first principles calculations regarding both the magnetic moments and the helimagnetic structure. The microscopical origin of the helimagnet is analyzed and correlated to the Fermi surface topology.
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| 3. |
- Aarnio, Harri, et al.
(författare)
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Recombination studies in a polyfluorene copolymer for photovoltaic applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Synthetic Metals. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-6779. ; 155:2, s. 299-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present detailed continuous wave (cw) and transient photoinduced absorption (PA) measurements in thin films of a novel alternating polyfluorene copolymer, poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3-benzo-thiadiazole)] (DiO-PFDTBT), and its blends with the sol. fullerene deriv. [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM) in wt. ratios of 1:0, 4:1 and 1:4. We measure the frequency, intensity and temp. dependence of the PA signal in the frequency domain, and compare with the results obtained from the transient PA decay measurements in the time domain. In all blends, the PA spectrum shows a broad high energy PA band ranging from .apprx.1 eV to 2 eV as well as a low energy band peaking at .apprx.0.35 eV. We attribute the low energy band to the P1 transition of polarons and part of the high energy band to the correlated P2 transition of polarons. Both frequency and time domain measurements show that the high energy band has two decay components, a faster component in the microsecond time regime and a slower component in the millisecond time regime. The slow component is strongly dispersive, whereas the fast component is practically non-dispersive. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 4. |
- Aldestam, Mona, 1968-
(författare)
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EC State aid rules : An analysis of the selectivity criterion
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The application of Art. 87(1) EC to taxes above all is connected to the application of the derogation method, which appears to be part of the selectivity criterion. This dissertation examines the application of the derogation method and the assessment of the selectivity criterion applied to taxes, primarily de lege lata, but also de lege ferenda. It begins with an analysis of the relationship among the criteria of Article 87(1) EC and continues with an analysis of the relationship between the derogation method and the assessment of the selectivity criterion applied to taxes. Several scholars have criticised the application of the derogation method because of the difficulty of identifying a derogation and of establishing the benchmark against which the derogation should be assessed. In this dissertation both the benchmark and the establishment of a derogation is analysed, partly with reference to the tax expenditure debate that occurred in the subject area of international taxation during the 1970s and 1980s. The selectivity criterion applied to taxes contains an assessment of justification, whereby the selective nature of a measure can be justified on the basis of the nature or general scheme of the system: Therfore the meaning and implications of this assessment are also examined. After all these issues have been examined de lege lata, the extents to which the application of the derogation method and the assessment of the selectivity criterion follow a logical system are discussed and recommendations for eliminating the identified deficiences are put forward.
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| 5. |
- Almgren, Torbjörn, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes in treated hypertension is common and carries a high cardiovascular risk: results from a 28-year follow-up.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of hypertension. - 0263-6352. ; 25:6, s. 1311-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyse predictive factors for development of type 2 diabetes during life-long therapy for hypertension and the alleged additional cardiovascular risk this constitutes. METHODS: The study group (n = 754) comprised the hypertensive subgroup of a randomized population sample of 7500 men, aged 47-54 years, screened for cardiovascular risk factors and followed for 25-28 years. The patients were treated with thiazide diuretics and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs with the addition of hydralazin during the first decade. Calcium antagonists were substituted for hydralazin and, if needed, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were added when these drugs became available. RESULTS: A total of 148 (20.4%) treated hypertensive patients developed diabetes during 25 years, and in multivariate Cox regression analysis body mass index, serum triglycerides and treatment with beta-blockers were positively related with this complication. New-onset diabetes implied a significantly increased risk for stroke [hazard ratio (HR): 1.67; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1-2.6; P < 0.05], myocardial infarction (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.1-2.5; P < 0.05) and mortality (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9; P < 0.05). The greatest risk for stroke was new-onset diabetes, followed by smoking (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1-2.2; P = 0.07) and the greatest risk for myocardial infarction was new-onset diabetes, followed by smoking (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4; P < 0.01). The greatest risk for mortality was smoking (HR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2; P < 0.005). Achieved systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not predictive of cardiovascular complications or death. The mean observation time from onset of diabetes mellitus to a first stroke was 9.1 years and to a first myocardial infarction 9.3 years. CONCLUSION: Diabetes in treated hypertensive patients is alarmingly common and carries a high risk for cardiovascular complications and mortality.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Anna-Karin, 1978-
(författare)
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Libertarianism and Potential Agents : A Libertarian View of the Moral Rights of Foetuses and Children
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This essay advances a libertarian theory of moral rights, which responds effectively to some serious objections that have been raised against libertarianism. I show how libertarianism can explain children’s rights to certain physical integrity and aid. I defend strong moral rights of human, pre-natal organisms, infants and children against all agents to certain non-interference with their physical integrity. I also argue that parents’ moral obligation to aid their offspring follows from a moral principle that prohibits agents to actively harm rights-bearers. Since this is the core principle of all versions of libertarianism, we gain simplicity and coherence. In chapter two, I explain my theory’s similarities and differences to a libertarian theory of moral rights advanced by Robert Nozick in his 1974 book Anarchy, State, and Utopia. I explain the structure and coherence of negative moral rights as advanced by Nozick. Then, I discuss what these negative rights are rights to, and the criteria for being a rights-bearer. In chapter three, I formulate a clear distinction between active and passive behaviour, and discuss the moral importance of foreseeing consequences of one’s active interventions. In chapter four, I claim that some pre-natal human organisms, human infants, and children, are rights-bearers. I formulate a morally relevant characterization of potentiality, and argue that possession of such potentiality is sufficient to have negative rights against all agents. In chapter five, I discuss whether potential moral subjects, in addition, have positive moral rights against all agents to means sufficient to develop into actual moral subjects. I argue that this suggestion brings some difficulties when applied to rights-conflicts. In chapter six, I argue that potential moral subjects’ rights to means necessary to develop into actual moral subjects can be defended in terms of merely negative rights. By adopting the view advanced in this chapter, we get a simple, coherent theory. It avoids the difficulties in the view advanced in chapter five, while keeping its intuitively plausible features. In chapter seven, I discuss whether the entitlement theory is contradictory and morally repugnant. I argue that my version of the entitlement theory is not.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Tillsatsmedel i asfalt : påverkan på arbetsmiljö och omgivning (2006-02-06). Slutrapport
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vissa tillsatsmedel upplevs idag som besvärliga för arbetsmiljön vid tillverkning och utläggning av asfaltmassa. Vidstående projekt som finansierats av SBUF och Peab Asfalt AB syftar till att ta fram relevanta fakta om tillsatsmedel och dess hälso- och miljöproblem. Projektet har dels inriktats som en förstudie av vad som hitintills har gjorts inom asfaltmiljöområdet både i Sverige och i utlandet, dels kompletterande fältmätningar vid asfaltläggning av polymermodifierad asfalt. Studien har utförts i samarbete mellan Peab Asfalt AB, VTI och Previa/ARA-miljö.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Jonas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on C-reactive protein in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and obesity : results from a randomized controlled trial with 5-year follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biomarkers: biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-5804. ; 13:7, s. 671-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. To study the effects of lifestyle on CRP in a high-risk population we conducted a randomized controlled trial on 200 obese subjects (BMI > 27 kg m(-2)) with impaired glucose tolerance recruited from primary care settings. They were randomized to either a 1-month stay at a wellness centre focusing on diet, exercise and stress management (intervention group) or 30-60 min of oral and written information on lifestyle intervention (control group). A significant reduction of CRP was observed after 1 month and 1 year in the intervention group. They reduced their CRP levels more than the control group 1 year after intervention (p=0.004). In conclusion lifestyle intervention can decrease CRP in obese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance for up to 1 year. Further research is needed to evaluate whether the CRP level reduction translates into a decreased risk for cardiovascular morbidity.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Per-Åke, 1945-
(författare)
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Multi-year maintenance optimisation for paved public roads - segment based modelling and price-directive decomposition
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I avhandlingen studeras hur kostnadseffektiva underhålls- (uh-)planer för belagd väg kan genereras, på basis av information om aktuellt vägytetillstånd och funktionella modeller för kostnads- och tillståndsförändringar, delvis utvecklade i samarbete med svenska Vägverket (VV). Tilltänkt användning är på strategisk och programnivå, innan mer detaljerad objektinformation finns att tillgå. Till skillnad från hittills använda modeller, så genereras individuella uh-planer för varje vägsegment (en homogen vägsträcka vad gäller aktuellt beläggningstillstånd och beläggningshistorik), i kontinuerliga tillstånds- och åtgärdsrum. Genom användning av Lagrangerelaxerande optimeringsteknik, så kan de speciella nytto/kostnads-kvot-villkor som VV ålägger varje uh-objekt naturligen hanteras med dualpriser för budgetvillkoren. Antalet vägsegment som konkurrerar om budgetmedlen är vanligtvis stort. Data från VV:s Vägdatabank för Värmland har använts, omfattande ca 9000 vägsegment. Genom den stora datamängden har datorprogrammen implementerats för parallellbearbetning. Under avhandlingsarbetet har projektet beviljats tillgång till Monolith PCklustret vid NSC. För att kunna reducera optimeringskörtiderna har modell- och metodutveckling varit nödvändig. Genom att aggregera vägsegmenten till vägklasser har goda startvärden på dualpriserna erhållits. Genom utvecklingen av en speciell restvärdesrutin har den explicit behandlade tidsperioden kunnat reduceras. Vid lösandet av det duala subproblemet har speciell uppmärksamhet ägnats åt de diskretiseringseffekter som uppstår i metoden dynamisk programmering. En typ av tillämpning avser ett delvägnät, exempelvis en väg. Valideringsstudier har genomförts på väg 63 i Värmland – med lovande men inte tillfredsställande resultat (se nedan). En speciell modell för samordnat uh beaktar stordriftsfördelarna vid samtidig åtgärd på en hel vägsträcka. Den andra huvudtypen av studier gäller ett helt nätverk. Flera metodtyper har tillämpats, både för att lösa de relaxerade optimeringsproblemen och för att generera uhplaner som uppfyller budgetvillkoren. För en anständig diskretisering är körtiderna för hela Värmland mindre än 80 CPU-timmar. Genom en a posteriori primal heuristik reduceras kraven på parallellbearbetning till ett litet PC-kluster. Avhandlingen studerar vidare effekterna av omfördelade budgetmedel samt en övergång till en transparent, stokastisk modell – vilka båda visar små avvikelser från basmodellen.Optimeringsresultaten för Värmland indikerar att budgetnivåer på ca 40% av Värmlands verkliga uh-budget är tillräckliga. Dock saknas viktiga kostnadsdrivande faktorer i denna första modellomgång, exempelvis vissa funktionella prestanda (säkerhet), all miljöpåverkande prestanda (buller etc.) och strukturell prestanda (ex.vis bärighet, som enbart modelleras via ett åldersmått). För ökad tilltro till PMS i allmänhet och optimering i synnerhet, bör avvikelserna analyseras ytterligare och leda till förbättringar vad gäller tillståndsmätning, tillståndseffekt- & kostnadsmodellering samt matematisk modellering & implementering.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Staffan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling Corruption in the Public Sector
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Political Studies. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0080-6757 .- 1467-9477. ; 32:1, s. 45-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the literature on political corruption is based on indices such as the ones presented by Transparency International, but the reliability and validity of these indices are questionable. The main alternative approach – qualitative case studies – often lacks a theoretical framework allowing for systematic empirical analysis. To remedy this shortcoming, this article places qualitative case studies in the framework of principal-agent theory. The cases comprise two Swedish county councils (regional governments), both of which reorganised their administrations in similar ways in the 1990s. One experienced corruption scandals, but the other did not. In comparing them, the article links the propensity for corruption to institutional design – in particular, the mechanisms of delegation and control.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
-
Alcohol and the History of Swedish Football
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sport and Substance Use in the Nordic Countries. - : Association for Canadian Studies.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Den digitala röntgenavdelningen
- 2008
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Ingår i: Radiologi. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144038872 ; , s. 125-134
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
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En gemensam högsta domstol?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :4, s. 349-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Fotbollen i Finspång
- 2006
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Ingår i: Finspång en bit av folkhemmet. - : Arbetslivsinstitutet.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
-
Immigrant teams in Sweden and the case of Assyriska FF
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Soccer & Society. - : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 10:3-4, s. 398-417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The essay deals with the history of immigration teams in Sweden, from the post-war period until today and with the case of the successful Assyrian football club, Assyriska FF. The analysis of national newspapers shows that matches with the immigrant teams immediately became controversial. The early teams of South European background played in the lower divisions. They were referred to as hot-tempered 'foreign teams', and they made the headlines because the players and their supporters often got involved in fights on and off the field. These problems have decreased in the last ten years. One immigrant team, Assyriska FF from Sdertlje, reached the Premier League in 2005. Despite this achievement, the team lacks support from the majority of the people in Sdertlje. For the Assyrian-Syrian population the feeling is completely different as the team has helped them to become the most integrated group in Södertälje.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Landskrona - fotbollsstaden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Idrott i förändring. - : ICLU.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
-
Parallel and Conflicting Enforcement of Law
- 2005
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Ingår i: Parallel and Conflicting Enforcement of Law. - : Martin Nijhoff, Leiden. - 9004147624 ; , s. 270-
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
-
Sweden
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The enforcement of competition law in Europe. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521881104
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Urban
(författare)
-
An experimental study of the flow in a sharp-heel Kaplan draft tube
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research project was originally part of a package (Turbine-99 Draft Tube) that had a mutual goal, to improve the understanding of draft tube flow and establish Best Practise Guidelines for simulation of draft tube flow.The draft tube is situated after the runner in a Hydropower turbine to recover as much of the remaining head and kinetic energy as possible before the water leaves the turbine. The case is fully turbulent, and because of the adverse pressure gradient with risk for separation, periodic inlet conditions from the runner with different degrees of swirl causes the draft tube flow to be difficult to predict. Therefore, unambiguous design criterions are lacking, and the slightly contradicting recommendations indicate that the standard rules give conservative, rather than optimal, designs. This thesis gives some background on draft-tube flows in general and discusses the parameters and flow conditions relevant to the Turbine-99 draft tube in some detail. The main goal of the thesis is to provide extensive experimental data on a well-defined sharp-heel draft-tube flow. The data bank has served as validation data for the simulation challenge presented by the Turbine-99 workshops in Porjus (June 1999), Älvkarleby (June 2001) and Porjus (December 2005).The experimental data and some numerical results are also available as an application challenge in the Qnet database (managed by Ercoftac), as a validation case for flow simulations.The experimental data consists of visualisations, pressure measurements and velocity measurements. These methods give a good qualitative picture of the flow pattern in the draft tube with quantitative data at selected cross section that can be used to validate the flow simulations. The first two workshops focused on mean quantities of pressure and velocities; however, phase resolved measurements have been added to add value to the experimental data.In addition to the experimental validation case, there is one paper that deals with loads on the draft tube, which affect the construction lifetime. Since the hydropower stations are expected to have a long total technical lifetime with a number of refurbishments, these questions will grow in importance over the next decades.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Björck, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Tveksam vinst med ekolantbruk
- 2009
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; -
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 36. |
- Björkman, Henrik, 1977-
(författare)
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Alternative Methods for Assessment of Split Renal Function
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Living kidney donation is a clinical situation with unique features in the sense that healthy individuals voluntarily expose themselves to certain risks and inconveniences. Therefore, eliminating as much of the associated discomfort as possible is crucial. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether it is possible to use the examination with computed tomography (CT), which is essential to the investigation, also for determining the ratio of the two kidneys’ function – the split renal function. If possible, an examination with gamma camera renography could be excluded from the work-up. To investigate this possibility, 27 subjects who had underwent CT and renography as part of kidney donor investigation were studied retrospectively. The quantity of contrast material in each kidney was considered proportional to that kidney’s function, and measurement was made in each of the two available contrast phases. The results were compared to the results from renography. A similar analysis was conducted in 38 patients investigated for suspected renal artery stenosis with CT and renography, including a study of an automatized method for the acquisition of data from CT. For further scrutiny, a respiratory triggered dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was investigated in 26 individuals. Results of split renal function were compared with renography and with CT in a subgroup. To study the possibility of facilitating the data analysis with CT, a formula for approximation of the contrast attenuation was studied in 64 subjects. An analysis of the significance of choice of contrast phase was also conducted in 43 subjects. Unsatisfactory agreement with renography resulted from the CT analysis of previous donors, partly due to technical shortcomings. However, the technique was recognized to have a potential value. In the subsequent material, the settings were improved, with beneficial effects on the agreement. Respiratory-triggered MRI generated high quality examinations of renal uptake and excretion, with results harmonizing well with renography and CT. The approximation formula applied to CT resulted in higher accuracy for renal volume assessment than with the automatic method, and an acceptable agreement of the split renal function estimate. From the presented results, a revision of the current donor investigation protocol is suggested. CT gives sufficient information to exclude renography as a routine examination. In cases of uncertainty, renography is recommended for secondary evaluation.
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| 37. |
- Björkman, Torbjörn, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Coupling between the 4f core binding energy and the 5f valence band occupation of elemental Pu and Pu-based compounds
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:24, s. 245101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that there is a close coupling between 4f core binding energy and 5f valence band occu- pation for Pu-based materials. This enables accurate determination of the valence occupation of this class of materials by simply measuring the 4f core binding energy. Our study demonstrates that all allotropes of elemental Pu have a 5f occupation close to 5, a finding which is inconsistent with several of the current theoretical models attempting to describe this unique element. A few of the theoretical models proposed for this material are however consistent with our finding; a fact which is discussed in detail.
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| 38. |
- Brandhorst, Heide, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of tryptic-like activity in purified enzyme blends for efficient islet isolation
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 87:3, s. 370-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The isolation of islets from the human pancreas critically depends on an efficient enzyme blend. Previous studies have solely focused on the presence of collagenase and neutral protease/thermolysin. Despite improved characterization of these components, the lot-related variability in efficacy still persists suggesting that additional so far disregarded enzymes are required for efficient islet cleavage. METHODS: Varying activities of a tryptic-like enzyme were identified within collagenase NB1 lots, which were selected according to a matched ratio between tryptic-like and collagenase activity (TLA-ratio). Rat and human pancreata were processed with current standard procedures. RESULTS: Increasing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 10% reduced pancreas dissociation time in rats by 50% without affecting islet yield, viability, or posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice. Enhancing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 12.6% for human pancreas processing resulted in a significant reduction of recirculation time and increased incrementally human islet yield without affecting purity, in vitro function or recovery after culture. Optimized pancreas digestion correlated with a higher percentage of islet preparations fulfilling quality criteria for clinical transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that TLA is an effective component that should be included in moderate amounts in enzyme blends for human islet isolation to optimize the efficiency and minimize the lot-related variability.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Bylander, Eric, 1973-
(författare)
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Muntlighetsprincipen : En rättsvetenskaplig studie av processuella handläggningsformer i svensk rätt
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis examines the different forms of procedural communication available to the Swedish courts. The choice traditionally stood between oral and written procedure. Today the procedure in the general courts is dominated by the principle of orality, while in the administrative courts, procedure chiefly takes the written form. This being said, the types of communication procedures used in courts today are constantly changing, the reason being, in part, the advent and advancement of new communication tools such as telephone, video and the internet.The cardinal aspiration for this doctoral thesis has been to prepare a generous substructure that will allow an assessment of how the principles that constitute the foundation for the choice of a form of procedural communication stand up against the arrival of new conditions. In attaining this goal the thesis takes stock of, structure, and evaluate the current knowledge of the regulation of the forms of procedural communication and the arguments that have been put forward regarding its design and application.The chosen method is a rhetorical-topical audit of the arguments provided by the legislative community. In addition it examines the relationship between these arguments and the activities of the courts and includes a comparative analysis of the current and historic conditions of the procedural communication forms.In the thesis nine different principle topoi (argument sources) for the analysed argumentation are identified and discussed: The Purpose of the Proceedings, Security, Speed, Cost-effectiveness, the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Decision-making, the Parties, Publicity and the Rules and Regulations.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Testfasen i miljöklassningsprojekten : Delrapport september 2007
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en redovisning av resultat och underlag i testfasen imiljöklassningsprojekten.I januari 2005 inleddes tre forskningsprojekt med målet att föreslå ettsystem för miljöklassning av byggnader. Forskningsprojekten har engemensam projektgrupp där 27 företag ingår. Syftet med projekten är attta fram förslag till indikatorer och kriterier för klassning inom områdenaenergi, innemiljö och farliga ämnen. Projekten avslutas hösten 2007.Under perioden december 2006 – mars 2007 genomfördes ett test avflera alternativa förslag till indikatorer. Testet utfördes i nära samverkanmed 16 företag från projektgruppen och ytterligare 10 bostadsrättföreningaroch 6 småhusägare. Sammanlagt ingick 46 byggnader av olika typ(flerbostadshus, kontor, sjukhus, småhus etc.).Testet utfördes genom att företag, föreningar och småhusägare samladein nödvändiga data för klassning av ett antal preliminära indikatorer. Defick också svara på frågor om prioritering av aspekter, indikatorer ochvilka resurser som krävdes.Insamlingen av mätdata kompletterades sedan med intervjuer för att fåin ytterligare information och synpunkter.Denna rapport innehåller resultat i form av:Indata från dem som testat.Försök till klassning av respektive byggnad.Synpunkter på genomförandet av testningen.Synpunkter på klassningssystemet.Dessutom ingick en studie av kopplingen mellan energideklarationer ochmiljöklassning. Några av byggnaderna energideklarerades och dessa datajämfördes med vad som behövs för miljöklassning.Rapporten innehåller samtliga dokument från testningen och kommeratt vara ett viktigt underlag i det fortsatta arbetet. Under hösten 2007kommer ett förslag till klassningssystem att presenteras.
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| 43. |
- Collin, Sven-Olof Yrjö, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations : Positive accounting theory and institutional theory as competitive or concurrent theories
- 2009
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Ingår i: Critical Perspectives on Accounting. - Camden : Academic Press. - 1045-2354 .- 1095-9955. ; 20:2, s. 141-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipal corporations exist in an institutional twilight area, being both private and public, a characteristic, which presumably would be reflected in their choice of accounting standards. The literature of accounting choice does not, however, live in a twilight area, but is fragmented into two main divisions: positive accounting theory (PAT) and institutional theory (IT); only in a very few cases do the theories meet or cross-fertilize. We use both theories in this paper and derive hypotheses from them to explain accounting choices made by municipal corporations. Through testing the hypotheses on a sample of 545 Swedish municipal corporations, we indicate the empirical relevance of both PAT and IT. We conclude by suggesting an integrative approach of PAT and IT in an eclectic alternative. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Eriksson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Positron emission tomography in clinical islet transplantation
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 9:12, s. 2816-2824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fate of islets in clinical transplantation is unclear. To elude on this positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed for 60 min during islet transplantation in five patients receiving six transplants. A fraction of the islets (23%) were labeled with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) and carefully mixed with unlabeled islets just prior to intraportal transplantation. The peak radioactivity concentration in the liver was found at 19 min after start of islet infusion and corresponded to only 75% of what was expected, indicating that islets are lost during the transplantation procedure. No accumulation of radioactivity was found in the lungs. A nonphysiological peak of C-peptide was found in plasma during and immediately after transplantation in all subjects. Distribution in the liver was heterogeneous with wide variations in location and concentration. Islets found in areas with concentrations of >400 IEQ/cc liver tissue varied between 1% and 32% of the graft in different subjects. No side effects attributed to the PET/CT procedure were found. Clinical outcome in all patients was comparable to that previously observed indicating that the [(18)F]FDG labeling procedure did not harm the islets. The technique has potential to be used to assess approaches to enhance islet survival and engraftment in clinical transplantation.
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| 45. |
- Eriksson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic short-range order in the new ternary phase Mn8Pd15Si7
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 403:1-2, s. 19-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new compound, Mn8Pd15Si7, is reported to crystallize in a face centered cubic unit cell of dimension a = 12.0141(2) Å, space group, and can thus be classified as a G-phase. The crystal structure was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and electron diffraction. A filled Mg6Cu16Si7 type structure was found, corresponding to the Sc11Ir4 type structure. The magnetic properties were investigated by magnetization measurements and Reverse Monte Carlo modeling of low temperature magnetic short-range order (SRO). Dominating near neighbor antiferromagnetic correlations were found between the Mn atoms and geometric frustration in combination with random magnetic interactions via metal sites with partial Mn occupancy were suggested to hinder formation of long-range magnetic order.
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| 46. |
- Fridén, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Enforcement Agency Practice In Europe, National Report
- 2005
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Ingår i: Enforcement Agency Practice In Europe. - : The British Instituite of International and Comparative Law, London. - 0903067692
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Glaumann, Mauritz, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöklassning av byggnader : Slutrapport april 2008
- 2008
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den här rapporten presenterar en metod för att miljöklassa byggnader med avseende på energi, innemiljö och kemiska ämnen. Rapporten presenterar också några särskilda miljökrav för byggnader med eget VA-system. Det övergripande syftet med ett nationellt miljöklassningssystem är att bidra till en hållbar bygg- och fastighetssektor. Arbetet ska resultera i en praktiskt tillämpbar metod för miljöklassning av byggnader som är väl förankrad i byggsektorn och hos myndigheterna. En allmänt accepterad miljöklassning av yggnader kan bli ett starkt incitament för byggherrar, fastighetsägare, fastighetsförvaltare och bebyggelsens användare att påskynda en utveckling mot en miljöanpassad och hälsoinriktad byggsektor. En av de viktigaste utgångspunkterna för arbetet med att ta fram ett miljöklassningssystem har varit Bygga-bo-dialogens1 mål att alla nya hus och 30 procent av det befintliga byggnadsbeståndet ska vara miljöklassade senast år 2009. Denna ambition har medfört att enkelhet har varit ett viktigt mål för miljöklassningsarbetet. Balansen mellan trovärdighet och enkelhet har varit viktigt för arbetet.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Grinnemo, Karl-Johan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Benefits of Avoiding Head-of-Line Blocking in SCTP
- 2005
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Ingår i: Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services, 2005. ICAS-ICNS 2005. Joint International Conference on. - : IEEE. - 0769524508 ; , s. 44-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitigating the effects of head-of-line blocking (HoLB) was one of the major reasons the IETF SIGTRAN working group developed SCTP, a new transport protocol for PSTN signaling traffic, in the first place. However, studies of the impact of HoLB blocking on TCP and SCTP have given ambiguous results as to whether HoLB has, in fact, any significantly deteriorating effect on transmission delay. To this end, we have carried out a detailed experimental study on the quantitative effects of HoLB. Our study suggests that although HoLB could indeed incur a substantial delay penalty on a small fraction of the messages in an SCTP session, it has only a marginal impact on the average end-to-end transmission delay. We only observed improvements in the range of O% to 18% in average message transmission delay of using unordered delivery as compared to ordered delivery. Furthermore, there was a large variability in between different test runs, which often made the impact of HoLB statistically insignificant
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