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Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson Torbjörn) > (2020-2024)

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1.
  • Johansson, Torbjörn, et al. (författare)
  • Underwater noise from fairways – policies, incentives and measures to reduce the environmental impact
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Undervattensbuller och dess negativa inverkan på det marina livet är ett växande miljöproblem där den vetenskapliga kunskapen ökar men effektiva åtgärder saknas.Denna rapport är resultatet av en gemensam insats av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet och Sjöfartsverket som adresserar denna utmaning. Motiverade av miljöhänsyn och kommande EU-lagstiftning är vår vision att Sverige ska bli det första landet som genomför nationella incitament för att minska undervattensbuller. De tekniska aspekterna av fartygsbuller under vatten är relativt välkända. I marschfart är kavitation vid propellern vanligtvis den dominerande källan till undervattensbuller, men detta gäller inte för alla fartyg. Standardiserade mätmetoder finns men är kostsamma att genomföra.Prediktionsmodeller är användbara för bullerkartläggning och uppskattningar över en hel flotta, men inte tillräckligt exakta för enskilda fartyg. Miljöpåverkan av undervattensbuller från fartyg har fått ökad vetenskaplig uppmärksamhet de senaste åren. Många studier har gjorts men dos-respons samband och trösklar för olika effekter är i stort sett okända. Beteendeeffekter, inklusive flyktreaktioner, svårigheter att undvika rovdjur och maskering av viktig kommunikation, har observerats hos ett stort antal arter vid exponering för fartygsbuller.Det finns inga nationella eller internationella bindande regler för undervattensbuller från fartyg. FN:s internationella sjöfartsorgan IMO håller för närvarande på att uppdatera sina frivilliga riktlinjer om fartygsbuller under vatten. EU inför lagstiftning om tillåtna nivåer av undervattensbuller från fartyg i miljön, som förväntas träda i kraft i medlemsländerna inom några år.Tekniska metoder för att minska undervattensbuller är kända men inte vetenskapligt validerade. Hastighetssänkningar kan minska undervattensbuller men kan medföra ökade driftskostnader för fartygsägarna. Intressenter inom reduktion av fartygs undervattensbuller finns hos fartygsägare, fartygsdesigners och teknikindustri, forskningsorgan och myndigheter.Genom intervjuer och workshops har ett nätverk av relevanta intressenter i Sverige etablerats. En intressentanalys visar att det finns ett behov av mer kunskap om fartygs undervattensbuller och dess miljöpåverkan samt dess begränsning. Farledsutformning för minskad transmission av undervattensbuller till miljön undersöks genom långtidsmätningar vid olika delar av farleden som leder till Västerås i Mälaren. Varken djup eller gir kunde påvisas ha någon effekt på det utstrålade bruset.Ett mer detaljerat försök skulle krävas för att klargöra om farledsdesign är ett genomförbart alternativ för bullerdämpning. Sex olika sätt att utforma ett ekonomiskt incitament för att minska fartygs undervattensbuller beskrivs. Det är möjligt att belöna hastighetssänkningar eller tekniska åtgärder för bullerdämpning, men det är inte utrett hur effektivt detta skulle vara.Ett incitament kan baseras på en tyst fartygsnotation från ett klassificeringssällskap, men dessa utfärdas relativt sällan. En bullerutredning kan utföras, men det kan vara svårt att identifiera de mest relevanta åtgärderna utan mätning av undervattensbuller.Skräddarsydda mätstationer vid eller nära hamninlopp kan vara ett kostnadseffektivt sätt att samla in mätdata, men noggrannheten i sådana opportunistiska mätningar skulle behöva förbättras om data ska kunna användas för ett ekonomiskt incitament.
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2.
  • Nordanstig, Joakim, et al. (författare)
  • Mortality with Paclitaxel-Coated Devices in Peripheral Artery Disease.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 383, s. 2538-46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The results of a recent meta-analysis aroused concern about an increased risk of death associated with the use of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons and stents in lower-limb endovascular interventions for symptomatic peripheral artery disease.We conducted an unplanned interim analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized, open-label, registry-based clinical trial. At the time of the analysis, 2289 patients had been randomly assigned to treatment with drug-coated devices (the drug-coated-device group, 1149 patients) or treatment with uncoated devices (the uncoated-device group, 1140 patients). Randomization was stratified according to disease severity on the basis of whether patients had chronic limb-threatening ischemia (1480 patients) or intermittent claudication (809 patients). The single end point for this interim analysis was all-cause mortality.No patients were lost to follow-up. Paclitaxel was used as the coating agent for all the drug-coated devices. During a mean follow-up of 2.49 years, 574 patients died, including 293 patients (25.5%) in the drug-coated-device group and 281 patients (24.6%) in the uncoated-device group (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.22). At 1 year, all-cause mortality was 10.2% (117 patients) in the drug-coated-device group and 9.9% (113 patients) in the uncoated-device group. During the entire follow-up period, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death between the treatment groups among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (33.4% [249 patients] in the drug-coated-device group and 33.1% [243 patients] in the uncoated-device group) or among those with intermittent claudication (10.9% [44 patients] and 9.4% [38 patients], respectively).In this randomized trial in which patients with peripheral artery disease received treatment with paclitaxel-coated or uncoated endovascular devices, the results of an unplanned interim analysis of all-cause mortality did not show a difference between the groups in the incidence of death during 1 to 4 years of follow-up. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02051088.).
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3.
  • Amirpour, Sepideh, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • Highly thermal conductive graphene-based heatsink tailored for electric propulsion SiC-based inverter
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311. ; 243
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study introduces an innovative multidisciplinary design approach for highly conductive and lightweight pin-fin-based heatsinks leveraging the advantages of graphene technology. The primary objective is to optimize the thermal management of silicon carbide (SiC) based inverters within electric vehicles (EVs). To closely emulate the real SiC power module, comprehensive analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), are performed on the module. A detailed fluid dynamics model utilizing a 3D-conjugate heat transfer (CHT) methodology is employed to evaluate the thermal behavior of SiC power switches in contact with the coolant. The multidisciplinary analysis is initially implemented on an aluminum-based heatsink, validated experimentally, and subsequently compared to graphene. The integration of graphene in the heatsink design demonstrates notable improvements, including a 24.4 % increase in the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and a 19.6 % reduction in thermal resistance (sink to fluid) at a 6 l/min fluid flow rate compared to its aluminum counterpart. Consequently, the SiC chips within the graphene-based heatsink exhibit an 11.5 % lower temperature rise compared to the aluminum version. The improvements in the cooling solution for SiC inverters in EVs, achieved through the adoption of graphene instead of traditional metals, serve as a proof of concept. This signifies a step forward in prioritizing the crucial balance between performance and power density.
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4.
  • Andersson, A., et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of an improved finite control set model predictive current controller for automotive propulsion applications
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; 67:1, s. 91-100
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents an investigation on finite control set model predictive current control, validated experimentally with a rear axle electrical drive unit used in automotive applications. An improved problem formulation is suggested which lowers the computational turnaround time of the solver with approximately 40% for an horizon length of N=4. Apart from the computational requirement aspects, the assessment focuses on inverter efficiency, phase current total demand distortion, and acoustic performance. The proposed solution is evaluated against a standard double proportional and integrator (PI) field-oriented current controller with pulsewidth modulation. It is shown that the proposed solution is feasible, the associated optimization problem at hand can be solved in real time, while exploiting the attractiveness of the proposed improvements. In summary, it is concluded that the inverter efficiency can be improved without deteriorating neither the phase current harmonics nor the acoustic performance.
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5.
  • Andersson, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • Walking football for Health - physiological response to playing and characteristics of the players.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Science and medicine in football. - : Routledge. - 2473-3938 .- 2473-4446. ; , s. 1-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Walking Football (WF) is one type of recreational football increasing in popularity, targeting older adults. Further knowledge on the intensity and physical workload of WF, characteristics of the players, the social context, and reasons for playing WF is needed. Thus, the aim of the study was to characterize the individuals that regularly play WF and their experience of WF, and the physiological characteristics of the sport. Sixty-three players from three clubs taking part in organised WF in Sweden were included. The players participated in up to four WF-games and underwent performance tests and answered a questionnaire. The participants mean age was 70.9 years, ranging from 63 to 85 years with 71% (n = 27) of the men and 68% (n = 13) of the women having a BMI > 25. Fifty-one percent (n = 27) of the players had hypertension, and 73% (n = 39) regularly used prescription drugs due to illness. During WF, the players covered on average 2,409 m (2,509 m for men and 2,205 m for women, p = .001). Expressed in percentage of their age-estimated maximal heart rate, mean heart rate represented 80 ± 9 and 80 ± 8% of max for men, and 78 ± 9 and 79 ± 9% of max for women in the first and second halves, respectively, hence WF can be considered a moderate intensity activity for older adults. The main reason for WF participation was to socialize. WF includes a considerable number of accelerations and decelerations, making it more energetically and mechanically demanding than walking.
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6.
  • Andersson, Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Gamma-ray track reconstruction using graph neural networks
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 1048
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since the advent of the new generation of germanium detector arrays for low-energy nuclear physics experiments utilizing gamma-ray tracking, the challenges associated with track-reconstruction methods have been extensively studied. In the present work an approach based on recent developments in machine learning was used to address the problem. Here, a graph neural network was constructed and trained on data simulated in Geant4 in order to attempt track reconstruction of gamma rays below 1 MeV in a spherical shell geometry of pure germanium. Using a thick-shell geometry, and simulated data without energy-and position uncertainties the network achieved a reconstruction rate above 80% for complete tracks, and a combined peak-to-total value of 85% for energy spectra with four discrete peaks. For data with added noise, i.e. finite resolution in interaction-point position and energy, the corresponding peak-to-total ratio dropped to 74%. The track reconstruction was stable across multiplicities 1-10 but showed an increased error frequency in the energy range between 50 keV and 250 keV. To specifically study the complication of gamma tracks lost by out -scattering from the detector volume, a thin-shell (9 cm thickness) geometry was used together with a modified version of the GNN framework. By letting the GNN code identify and discriminate the out-scatter events, an improvement of the P/T value from 66% to 75% was found for the packed, noisy data. For the sake of comparison the new GNN model with existing gamma-ray tracking methods, a separate instance of the network was trained on slightly higher energies (up to 1.5 MeV) and multiplicities (up to 15) to evaluate 1.332 MeV photon cascade data in terms of P/T and photo-peak efficiency. The results for this GNN data set, with P/T values at 85% for single tracks and 74% for multiplicity 15, show clear promise when compared to the existing tracking methods.
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7.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn, 1976- (författare)
  • Aesthetic Flexibility : In Industrial Design Practice
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Competition among companies that produce complex or large product portfolios has created a need to use modularity strategies not only to flexibly manage technical complexity in a cost-effective manner but also to produce visually appealing products. This research aims to understand how the visual appearance of products is affected by modular product development strategies and creates coherent product brands. Thus, this study examines the intersection of design aesthetics, product portfolio management, product brand management, and design management. Specifically, this study aims to understand how such strategies constrain and generate possibilities when the industrial design process concerns itself with visual appearance. The main research approach has been qualitative multi-case methodology (Miles et al, 2014; Eisenhardt, 1989) and design theory building (Chakrabarti and Blessing, 2016) that collects data through interviews, experimentation, and theoretical studies based on findings in the literature. Sixteen face-to-face interviews were conducted with design vice presidents, senior designers, and senior design engineers at five Swedish manufacturers from the automotive, MedTech, consumer goods, commercial vehicles, and materials handling industries. This approach has resulted in the description of three theoretical models and a design method, product gist, for investigating prototypicality in a product category. Aesthetic flexibility reflects the requirement that under certain circumstances an industrial designer has to plan for future (as yet unknown) changes in a design. Each of the three theoretical models has a different focus: one model describes three ways manufacturing companies organise a strategic in-house design function; one model describes how design decisions are made on a general level through an intuitive and knowledge-based judgment process; and one model describes the strategies a manager needs to consider when developing an existing product portfolio and how the strategies influence industrial design practice. Understanding visual flexibility serves as a starting point for further investigations of how development strategies affect visual product design. This understanding provides industrial designers insight into how they can develop product systems that share design components across product lines to promote brand identity. The findings of this work illustrate and explain a complex and multi-facetted design phenomenon that many designers manage more or less intuitively today; therefore, this study advances the understanding of the field for academics, teachers, and professional designers. 
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8.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn (författare)
  • Bandy v. ice hockey in Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 23:3, s. 361-376
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 1920, the year ice hockey was introduced to Sweden in connection with the Olympic Games in Antwerp, the traditional British bandy was already a well established team sport on ice in the country. In the early 1900s it had become popular among the upper classes, both men and women, since its deep connection with nature applied to the time’s sense of nostalgia. The Swedish male bandy cup final, which was first played in 1907, is still the country’s oldest large-scale annual sports event. In the press, comparisons were constantly made between the two sports and bandy and ice hockey were seen as contrasts. This resulted in bandy being regarded as truly Swedish and part of the native culture. Concurrently, the sport spread to the working people in Sweden’s rural manufacturing towns while the capital Stockholm established itself as the centre for ice hockey. Elaborating on Allen Guttmann’s theories on modernization, ice hockey’s higher degree of modernity is presented. Adjusting to the modern world was a struggle for bandy and therefore followers of ice hockey predicted its early demise. Still it survived, however surrounded by an even stronger atmosphere of nature-centred nostalgia. The increasingly Americanized sport of ice hockey, on the other hand, became the main player in the growing commercialization of Swedish sport.
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10.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn (författare)
  • Historical Rivalries in Swedish Club Football
  • 2023. - 1
  • Ingår i: Football in the Nordic Countries. - London & New York : Routledge. - 9781032249131 - 9781003280729 ; , s. 179-191
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The text deals with the history of Swedish football's most classic club rivalries. These are the rivalries in Gothenburg (between IFK Göteborg, Örgryte IS and GAIS), Stockholm (AIK, Djurgårdens IF, Hammarby IF), and in the county of Scania (Malmö FF, Helsingborgs IF, Landskrona BoIS). The rivalries in Gothenburg have revolved around social class and political preferences, while those in Stockholm have focused on geography. The Scanian ones have been based on traditional rivalries between nearby cities within a distinct region. During the 2000s, a strong supporter culture has worked glocally to preserve a relatively non-commercial football culture, while rivalries at the same time have become fiercer. The heightened passion around the matches has in turn led to strengthened networks around the clubs, including better press coverage, increased sponsoring and the construction of better stadiums. The analysis summarises a qualitatively based research project on the relationship between club football and local identity in 11 different cities during the period 1950 up to the beginning of the 2000s.
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11.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn, 1976-, et al. (författare)
  • HOW DESIGNERS STRATEGICALLY MANAGE PRODUCT PORTFOLIOS
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2732-527X.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The continuous management of a manufacturing company's product portfolio is a key aspect ofsuccessful product development. Managers determine when and which products should be updated orterminated. This process influences inhouse Industrial design teams, thus prompting a range ofdevelopment strategies they might deploy. In product portfolio management there is a tension betweenstandardisation and customisation. From a marketing perspective this is may be addressed through brandDNA, from engineering through modularization. The design perspective (merging those two) has beenill-explored, particularly from professional designers. Previously we proposed a theoretical modeldescribing different industrial design projects and how they influence industrial designers strategicthinking. It was developed through literature reviews and examples found in manufacturing industry.Through a multi-case interview study with 16 participants from five manufacturing companies withstrong brands, this article aims to empirically evaluate the proposed model. The results show that therespondents could describe all but one industrial design projects, the cause maybe that they had not beenexposed to saving a company by doing a total makeover.
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12.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn, et al. (författare)
  • Idrotten i Malmö
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Malmö stads historia 1990-2020. - Malmö : Kira Förlag. - 9789187875441 ; , s. 311-345
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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13.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn, et al. (författare)
  • Konkurrensverkets domstolsprocesser
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Konkurrensverket har under den period som denna studie är avgränsad till fört talan i åtta (8) mål som blivit föremål för dom eller beslut i Patent- och marknadsöverdomstolen (PMÖD). Nästan alla dessa processer har fallit ut till Konkurrensverkets nackdel. Syftet med studien har varit att utreda tänkbara orsaker till att det under perioden saknas exempel på att Konkurrensverket vunnit framgång i PMÖD. Rapporten visar att det ofta råder osäkerhet om hur konkurrensreglerna ska tillämpas i enskilda fall, att vissa av PMÖD:s avgöranden framstått som överraskande samt att det finns uppfattningar att vissa av PMÖD:s avgöranden inte ger önskad vägledning i det fortsatta praktiska arbetet med att tillämpa konkurrensreglerna. Såvitt avser Konkurrensverkets organisation och beslutsfattande visar rapporten att det kan finnas behov av ytterligare överväganden kring prioriteringar av ärenden, jämte ytterligare överväganden kring utredningsmetoder som är mycket resurskrävande. I rapporten framhålls också vikten av att Konkurrensverket förmår rekrytera och behålla mycket processvana jurister samt att en fortsatt fördjupning av samarbeten och kommunikation mellan enheterna ge positiva effekter. 
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15.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn (författare)
  • Swedish bandy and its struggle with modernity
  • 2024. - 1
  • Ingår i: Indigenous, Traditional, and Folk Sports. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9781032329963 - 9781032330006 - 9781003317685 ; , s. 184-198
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Swedish sport of bandy has been declared dead for a hundred years. Still, the sport survives as an ancient Swedish treasure. Neither the modernity of ice hockey, nor floorball, nor climate change has managed to knock it out. The exoticism of bandy is similar to that of the sour herring. Bandy started in the country’s most exclusive milieus – among the aristocracy and university elites – but today represents sparsely populated working-class areas. The Swedish Championship final, played since 1907, has retained its magic as Sweden’s oldest major annual sporting event. The supporter culture around the final has a long history. Not even football has been able to show as large a number of traveling supporters to a match. Nostalgia has long been the hallmark of the sport. Women’s bandy has an equally long and exciting history. During the 2000s, the sport of bandy was substantially modernized. In a short time, it left its dependence on nature and moved into indoor halls, arenas that guaranteed a good ice surface. Fans, however, did not quite accept the changes out of a sense of nostalgia. This study focuses on the sport of bandy and its complex relationship to modernity, the natural environment, nationalism, and nostalgia.
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16.
  • Andersson, Torbjörn (författare)
  • The rise and fall of Umeå IK
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Soccer & Society. - : Routledge. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 24:3, s. 395-409
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This essay addresses the rise and fall of the Swedish women's club Umea IK. The question is how a team from a city almost devoid of any football culture suddenly could become one of the most successful clubs in the world during the early 2000s? The theoretical basis consists of the concepts of local identity, glocalization and Manuel Castell's analysis of the network society. The source material is a study of Umea's largest daily newspaper and eleven interviews. Umea IK worked energetically to create a strong local network for a women's club (consisting of good contacts with the municipality, high income from sponsors, good media coverage and high attendances). The university city of Umea was dynamic and progressive, with a strong middle-class character. The population could identify with the team. However, the city's volatility meant that the team did not get long-lasting significance in terms of the city's identity.
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17.
  • Barucca, G., et al. (författare)
  • Feasibility studies for the measurement of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors from (p)over-barp -> mu(+)mu(-) at PANDA at FAIR
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - NEW YORK, USA : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors, vertical bar G(E)vertical bar and vertical bar G(M)vertical bar, using the (p) over barp -> mu(+)mu(-) reaction at PANDA (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at PANDA, using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is (p) over barp -> pi(+)pi(-), due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distributions of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented.
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18.
  • Barucca, G., et al. (författare)
  • The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.
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19.
  • Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : AGA Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. 1526-1539.e9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins.Methods: We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored.Results: Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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20.
  • Bremer, Johan, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Electric-Based Thermal Characterization of GaN Technologies Affected by Trapping Effects
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 1557-9646 .- 0018-9383. ; 67:5, s. 1952-1958
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article presents an electric-based methodology for thermal characterization of semiconductor technologies. It is shown that for technologies such as gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors, which exhibit several field induced electron trapping effects, the thermal characterization has to be performed under specific conditions. The electric field is limited to low levels to avoid activation of trap states. At the same time, the dissipated power needs to be high enough to change the operating temperature of the device. The method is demonstrated on a test structure implemented as a GaN resistor with large contact separation. It is used to evaluate the thermal properties of samples with different silicon carbide suppliers and buffer thickness.
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21.
  • Cegrell Karlander, Isa, 1981- (författare)
  • Officialprincipen i migrationsprocessen : Domstolens utredningsansvar
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The dissertation analyses the court’s duty to investigate when adjudicating migration cases, particularly asylum cases. The duty is stipulated in Section 8 of the Administrative Court Procedure Act. The dissertation aims to clarify the meaning of the provision. The court shall ensure that a case is as well investigated as its nature requires. In doing so, the court needs to decide whether there are relevant circumstances and evidence beyond what the parties have presented. If so, the court must ex officio take the necessary investigative measures to ensure the case can be considered ready for a ruling.To determine whether an investigation is robust, the court must consider the parties’ claims in light of the substantive rules and decide what factual circumstances, are to be proven. In asylum cases, the court must apply the provisions of the Aliens Act to determine whether the asylum seeker should be granted a residence permit or be deported - two alternative legal consequences. According to the principle of non-refoulement, the court must decide whether the asylum seeker is at risk of being subjected to treatment that would serve as grounds for protection, if repatriated. Examination of the case is thus forward-looking, which is one of several factors that place special requirements on the court when assessing the robustness of the investigation. I argue that the Migration Court of Appeal pays insufficient attention to the dual legal consequences; residence permits are often emphasised rather than deportation, which places the state's responsibility to respect the principle of non-refoulement in the background.In its case law, the Migration Court of Appeal has identified a number of investigation deficiencies. A case analysis of some 40 rulings, in which the duty to investigate is addressed, shows inter alia that the Migration Court of Appeal adduces both legal facts and evidence ex officio, issues injunction to parties and, many times, overturns the appealed decision and remands the case to the lower court for further proceedings. Since explicit reference to Section 8 of the Administrative Court Procedure Act is occasionally lacking, it is somewhat difficult to adequately review precedent setting.
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22.
  • Dadhich, Siddharth, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptation of a wheel loader automatic bucket filling neural network using reinforcement learning
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). - : IEEE.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bucket-filling is a repetitive task in earth-moving operations with wheel-loaders, which needs to be automated to enable efficient remote control and autonomous operation. Ideally, an automated bucket-filling solution should work for different machine-pile environments, with a minimum of manual retraining. It has been shown that for a given machine-pile environment, a time-delay neural network can efficiently fill the bucket after imitation-based learning from 100 examples by one expert operator. Can such a bucket-filling network be automatically adapted to different machine-pile environments without further imitation learning by optimization of a utility or reward function? This paper investigates the use of a deterministic actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm for automatic adaptation of a neural network in a new pile environment. The algorithm is used to automatically adapt a bucket-filling network for medium coarse gravel to a cobble-gravel pile environment. The experiments presented are performed with a Volvo L180H wheel-loader in a real-world setting. We found that the bucket-weights in the novel pile environment can improve by five to ten percent within one hour of reinforcement learning with less than 40 bucket-filling trials. This result was obtained after investigating two different reward functions motivated by domain knowledge.
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23.
  • Davi, F., et al. (författare)
  • Technical design report for the endcap disc DIRC
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 49:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PANDA (anti-proton annihiliation at Darmstadt) is planned to be one of the four main experiments at the future international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is going to address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using cooled antiproton beams with a high intensity and and momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c. PANDA is designed to reach a maximum luminosity of 2 × 1032 cm−2 s. Most of the physics programs require an excellent particle identification (PID). The PID of hadronic states at the forward endcap of the target spectrometer will be done by a fast and compact Cherenkov detector that uses the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) principle. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 5° to 22° and to provide a separation power for the separation of charged pions and kaons up to 3 standard deviations (s.d.) for particle momenta up to 4 GeV/c in order to cover the important particle phase space. This document describes the technical design and the expected performance of the novel PANDA disc DIRC detector that has not been used in any other high energy physics experiment before. The performance has been studied with Monte-Carlo simulations and various beam tests at DESY and CERN. The final design meets all PANDA requirements and guarantees sufficient safety margins.
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24.
  • Edstedt, Lars, 1981- (författare)
  • Mellan åtal och dom : Om underlaget och ramarna för rättens bedömning av frågorna om skuld, rubricering och påföljd
  • 2024
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Between Indictment and Judgment. On the Basis for and the Limits of the Court’s Assessmentof Questions Concerning Guilt, Legal Qualification and Sentence.This study concerns the relationship between the indictment and the judgment in Swedish criminal procedure. Three central aspects of the criminal judgment are covered: The question of the accused’s guilt (the alleged criminal act in the indictment), the legal qualification of the offence and the sentence. The rule governing this relationship, between indictment and judgment, can be found in Chapter 30 paragraph 3 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure. The requirements on the contents of the indictment are carefully examined, as well as other procedural acts, by the accused and by the court itself through its direction of the proceedings, that can have an effect on the limits of the court’s examination of criminal cases.Two questions of paramount importance are covered in-depth: How detailed must the indictment be (and what are the consequences of vagueness in the indictment)? And how should the principle that the court is bound by the indictment be interpreted? It is argued that a flexible standard for the indictment should be applied, allowing different legal consequences for varying deficiencies. With regard to the court being bound by the indictment, is argued that the theory of literary interpretation of the indictment is flawed, and that the demands of the principle of contradictory proceedings should determine the boundaries of the criminal act in the indictment.The study also contains a comprehensive examination of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning the right of the accused to be informed of the natureand cause of the accusation, contained in Article 6 § 3 (a) of the European Convention of Human Rights.The material rules of immediate interest are explored against the backdrop of a lengthy investigation into their historical and ideological underpinnings. The history of Swedish criminal procedure is described, as well as various theoretical developments. In particular, the question if Swedish criminal procedure should best be described as inquisitorial or accusatorial/adversarial and questions concerning the function of criminal procedure are investigated.
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25.
  • Genell, Anders, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Common sources of under water and air borne noise from ships
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10<sup>th </sup>Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. - : European Acoustics Association (EAA). - 9788888942674 ; , s. 6083-6086
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The project Silent@Sea, funded by the Swedish Transport Administration, aims to investigate levels of noise radiated from ships into the marine environment as well as on board from diesel engines, from LNG engines and from electric propulsion. The current paper presents results from measurements of on board noise and vibrations, external under water noise and external air borne noise from a hybrid battery/diesel shuttle ferry. On board vibration measurements provided information about sources such as engine mounts and thruster mounts that potentially radiate noise into the water. The most important of these sources were then confirmed by narrow band analysis of corresponding under water noise measurement results. Finally, results from air borne noise measurements were similarly analysed to find sources that contribute to both under and over water marine environment noise exposure. The analyses show that the vessel emit comparatively low levels of noise regardless of propulsion mode, and that when using electric propulsion the noise is further reduced both on board and under as well as over the water. 
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26.
  • Genell, Anders, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Ship noise in coastal regions : final report of the SHIPNOISE project
  • 2024
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Ships carry cargo and passengers around our planet. In coastal regions, complaints about ship noise have been raised from nearby residents. Ships are also the dominant source of continuous underwater noise in the seas. In the SHIPNOISE project, we investigate levels of ship noise in coastal regions using a custom measurement station for both airborne and underwater noise from ships  underway. The measurement station is developed using embedded microprocessors for low power consumption. The station is deployed at Böttö at the inlet to Gothenburg harbor, and then at Lurö in Lake Vänern.These sites are close to shipping lanes of different traffic intensity. The measured airborne noise levels indicate that there is a risk to exceed recommended indoor low-frequency noise limits for dwellings positioned up to several hundred meters from the passing ships, although the effect on public health is uncertain. The underwater noise recorded at 200-300 m range at the SHIPNOISE measurement locations during ship passages is strong enough to exceed levels for environmental impact previously demonstrated on local marine mammals, fish and possibly invertebrates. For example, harbor porpoises, herring and salmon are likely to avoid or escape the area when a loud ship passes.
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27.
  • Genell, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Ship noise in coastal regions - final report of the SHIPNOISE project
  • 2024
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Ships carry cargo and passengers around our planet. In coastal regions, complaintsabout ship noise have been raised from nearby residents. Ships are also thedominant source of continuous underwater noise in the seas.In the SHIPNOISEproject, we investigate levels of ship noise in coastal regions using a custommeasurement station for both airborne and underwater noise from shipsunderway. The measurement station is developed using embeddedmicroprocessors for low power consumption. The station is deployed at Böttö atthe inlet to Gothenburg harbor, and then at Lurö in Lake Vänern.These sites areclose to shipping lanes of different traffic intensity. The measured airborne noiselevels indicate that there is a risk to exceed recommended indoor low-frequencynoise limits for dwellings positioned up to several hundred meters from thepassing ships, although the effect on public health is uncertain.The underwaternoise recorded at 200-300 m range at the SHIPNOISE measurement locationsduring ship passages is strong enough to exceed levels for environmental impactpreviously demonstrated on local marine mammals, fish and possiblyinvertebrates. For example, harbor porpoises, herring and salmon are likely toavoid or escape the area when a loud ship passes.
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28.
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29.
  • Johansson, Torbjörn, et al. (författare)
  • Noise from ships powered by LNG or electricity and its effects: a cross-domain investigation : Final report of the Silent@Sea project
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Electrification of ships offers zero-emission travel and is spreading rapidly, and more and more ships are operating on liquid natural gas, LNG, or other alternative fuels. However, the relation between these modern forms of ship propulsion and noise pollution is not generally understood. The Silent@Sea project has investigated this through four case studies, where modern vessels have been measured in different propulsion modes and compared to sister vessels. This has mainly been done in route, which permitted us to gather unique data on the noise radiation of large ships in commercial operation. The project has investigated radiated airborne and underwater noise as well as onboard noise and its impact on work environment and passenger comfort. The results show that the modern forms of propulsion lead to lower noise levels onboard, which are coupled to a better work environment and greater passenger comfort. The radiated airborne noise of electrical hybrid vessels is reduced in battery powered operation at certain low frequencies associated with the diesel engine. The same holds for the radiated underwater noise, but the differences are smaller there, indeed smaller than differences between sister vessels. Finally, a new generation of LNG-powered vessels are found to be quieter than an older generation with similar specifications.
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30.
  • Jönsson, Karl-Axel, et al. (författare)
  • Improving the Efficacy of Enuresis Alarm Treatment through Early Prediction of Treatment Outcome : A Machine Learning Approach
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Urology. - 2673-9828. ; 3, s. 1-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Bedwetting, also known as enuresis, is the second most common chronic health problem among children and it affects their everyday life negatively. A first-line treatment option is the enuresis alarm. This method entails the child being awoken by a detector and alarm unit upon urination at night, thereby changing their arousal mechanisms and potentially curing them after 6–8 weeks of consistent therapy. The enuresis alarm treatment has a reported success rate above 50% but requires significant effort from the families involved. Additionally, there is a challenge in identifying early indicators of successful treatment.Methods: The alarm treatment has been further developed by the company Pjama AB, which, in addition to the alarm, offers a mobile application where users provides data about the patient and information regarding each night throughout the treatment. The wet and dry nights are recorded, in addition to the actual timing of the bedwetting incidents. We used the machine learning model random forest to see if predictions of treatment outcome could be made in early stages of treatment and shorten the evaluation time based on data from 611 patients. This was carried out by using and analyzing data from patients who had used the Pjama application. The patients were split into training and testing groups to evaluate to what extent the algorithm could make predictions every day about whether a patient’s treatment would be successful, partially successful, or unsuccessful.Results: The results show that a large number of patient outcomes can already be predicted accurately in the early stages of treatment.Discussion: Accurate predictions enable the correct measures to be taken earlier in the treatment, including increasing motivation, adding pharmacotherapy, or terminating treatment. This has the potential to shorten the treatment in general, and to detect patients who will not respond to the treatment early on, which in turn can improve the lives of children suffering from enuresis. The results show great potential in making the treatment of enuresis more efficient.
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31.
  • Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Training high school students in resisting disinformation and conspiracy theories – Preliminary findings and experiences from an ongoing research project
  • 2023
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper draws on findings from an ongoing research project called ”Effects of a multi-module intervention designed to increase critical thinking and the ability to identify misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories in high school students”. The aim of this project is to empirically evaluate an educational intervention consisting of six one-hour sessions. The sessions include traditional lectures regarding critical thinking, misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories but also includes a game (Bad news), and group discussions, all designed to train high school students in critical thinking as well as the capacity to identify disinformation and conspiracy theories. The project combines competences from media and communication studies, psychology, political science, and data communication, and the intervention has so far been implemented in  three Swedish high schools. In the paper we discuss preliminary findings and experiences drawn from the first phase of the project. We will also discuss the applicability of the intervention, and challenges that we have identified.
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32.
  • Keller, Marek, 1983- (författare)
  • Konkurs och process
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Civil actions are a regular occurrence during the course of bankruptcy proceedings and may have wide-ranging and significant social impacts, not least due to the fact that they can pertain to assets of considerable value or affect a large number of individuals and various types of economic interests. These lawsuits also raise a number of legal issues regarding the delimitation of procedural rights of various bankruptcy actors, such as the bankruptcy trustee, the bankruptcy debtor and individual creditors.The mentioned competence issues are complex and have over the years generated relatively extensive case law. Additionally, they are of great importance in a bankruptcy, as they have a major impact on the outcome of bankruptcy proceedings and on the furthering of the efficacy of the policies underlying bankruptcy law.This thesis aims at systematizing and evaluating the rules regarding the bankruptcy actors' competence in civil proceedings to directly or indirectly dispose of assets and liabilities that are subject to a process by way of litigation. It is further intended to investigate how these rules affect the impact of the policy aims behind the substantive competence rules of bankruptcy law and the main purpose of the bankruptcy, and whether the regulation constitutes acceptable coordination between substantive bankruptcy law and procedural law.The investigation covers a very large number of legal issues at the intersection of substantive bankruptcy law and general procedural rules governing civil proceedings, for example: Who may be a party or intervener in actions regarding assets or debts in the bankruptcy? What are the legal implications of the estate substituting the debtor as a party to an action? What prospects does a bankruptcy estate have to avoid being drawn into the bankruptcy debtor's actions? To what extent are judgments in the debtor’s actions binding in bankruptcy proceedings?The inquiry shows that the relationship between the substantive and procedural rights of the individual bankruptcy actors is complex. In a number of situations, individual bankruptcy actors have a more wide-ranging procedural right of disposal regarding assets or liabilities than a substantive one. This gives rise to a risk that these rights will be used in ways that limit the impact for the policy aims of bankruptcy law, for example, by circumventing rules to protect third parties. However, it is argued that a more wide-ranging procedural right of disposal can, in certain instances, further the policies underlying bankruptcy law, provided that the relevant procedural rights are adequately set out. The thesis also discusses various solutions regarding the delimitation of the individual bankruptcy actors' procedural rights.
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33.
  • Lidström, Isak, 1988- (författare)
  • På skidor i kulturella gränsland : Samiska spår i skidsportens historia
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of this compilation thesis is to shed light on the Sámi history of ski sport in Sweden from an organizational and cultural history perspective where concepts like nation and ethnicity fill an important function. The Sámi are an indigenous people living in Sápmi, a land area extending across the North Calotte region and including parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. The thesis contains six separate articles which together comprise a research period extending between 1879 and 1990.  The articles have been studied from different points of view with the focus on how skis as sport equipment have been historically charged with cultural expressions created by the individual skiers as well as by the general public’s interest in skiing. These cultural expressions have also been internalized as collective identification objects positioning the mutual relations between groups and collectives. By historical links to kings, heroic myths and polar expeditions, the sport of skiing has, for example, become associated with a national Swedish identity. By pinpointing its Sámi origins in the light of history, the ski sport is in this thesis instead viewed as a culturally heterogeneous phenomenon.    In three of the articles of the thesis, the Sámi history of Swedish ski sport is studied. The focus of these studies lies on how ”Sáminess” and ”Swedishness”, viewed as cultural identities, were constructed in connection with the early rise and development of ski sport from the late 19th century to the interwar period (Articles I and II) as well as with the sporting career of downhill skier Bengt-Erik Grahn in the 1960s (Article V). The studies illustrate that, at its rise and early development, cross-country skiing in Sweden was regarded as a Sámi sport. In the early 20th century, however, an ethnic borderline was created between what was Sámi and what was Swedish, which gradually invisibilized the Sámi link to ski sport. Instead, cross-country skiing acquired the inofficial character of being the Swedish national sport. The three remaining studies investigate the separately organized Sámi sport movement from its rise in 1948 through the year 1990 (Articles III, IV and VI). The origin of this movement derives from the Sámi Championships, a winter event whose original contests include skiing and other sports with a background in reindeer husbandry.  The articles clarify the importance of ski sport in creating contrastive ethnic identities between Sáminess and Swedishness (Articles I–V). Similarly, these constructed cultural markers of Sáminess and Swedishness have been interwoven to symbolize an overarching ethnic national identity (Articles IV–V). In addition, the way ski sport has been operated within the separately organized Sámi sport movement has carried weight in the creation of Sápmi as a crossborder nation (Article VI).  
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34.
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35.
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36.
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37.
  • Morén, Björn, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Technical note: evaluation of a spatial optimization model for prostate high dose‐rate brachytherapy in a clinical treatment planning system
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : WILEY. - 0094-2405 .- 2473-4209. ; 50:2, s. 688-693
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundSpatial properties of a dose distribution, such as volumes of contiguous hot spots, are of clinical importance in treatment planning for high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BT). We have in an earlier study developed an optimization model that reduces the prevalence of contiguous hot spots by modifying a tentative treatment plan. PurposeThe aim of this study is to incorporate the correction of hot spots in a standard inverse planning workflow and to validate the integrated model in a clinical treatment planning system. The spatial function is included in the objective function for the inverse planning, as opposed to in the previous study where it was applied as a separate post-processing step. Our aim is to demonstrate that fine-adjustments of dose distributions, which are often performed manually in todays clinical practice, can be automated. MethodsA spatial optimization function was introduced in the treatment planning system RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Stockholm, Sweden) via a research interface. A series of 10 consecutive prostate patients treated with HDR BT was retrospectively replanned with and without the spatial function. ResultsOptimization with the spatial function decreased the volume of the largest contiguous hot spot by on average 31%, compared to if the function was not included. The volume receiving at least 200% of the prescription dose decreased by on average 11%. Target coverage, measured as the fractions of the clinical target volume (CTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) receiving at least the prescription dose, was virtually unchanged (less than a percent change for both metrics). Organs-at-risk received comparable or slightly decreased doses if the spatial function was included in the optimization model. ConclusionsOptimization of spatial properties such as the volume of contiguous hot spots can be integrated in a standard inverse planning workflow for brachytherapy, and need not be conducted as a separate post-processing step.
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38.
  • Näsmark, Torbjörn, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Proton stopping power prediction based on dual-energy CT-generated virtual mono-energetic images
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0094-2405 .- 2473-4209. ; 48:9, s. 5232-5243
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this work was to assess a proof of concept for a novel method for predicting proton stopping power ratios (SPRs) based on a pair of dual-energy CT generated virtual monoenergetic (VM) images.Materials and methods: A rapid kV-switching dual-energy CT scanner was used to acquire Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) and 120 kV conventional single-energy CT (SECT) image data of the CIRS 062M phantom. The proposed method was applied to every possible pairing of VM images between 40 and 140 keV to find the optimal energy pairs for SPR prediction in lung tissue, soft tissue, and bone. The predicted SPRs were compared against SPRs predicted from the SECT data using the conventional SECT-based method. The impact of different scan and reconstruction parameters was also investigated.Results: The SPR residual root mean square errors (RMSE) yielded by the optimal pairs were 7.2% for lung tissue, 0.4% for soft tissue, and 0.8% for bone. While no direct comparison could be made to other DECT-based methods for SPR prediction, as these methods could not be directly implemented on a fast kV-switching system, the SPR RMSEs for soft tissue and bone in Table 4 are comparable to RMSEs reported in the literature. For the conventional SECT-based method, the SPR RMSEs were 5.9% for lung tissue, 0.9% for soft tissue, and 5.1% for bone.Conclusions: The proposed method is a valid alternative to, and has the potential to improve upon, the conventional SECT-based method for predicting SPRs. The formalism used in the method is applied directly, with no approximations made on our part, and requires neither prior knowledge of the spectra nor calibration with a phantom. This work presents a way of optimizing the proposed method for a specific scanner by determining the optimal energy pairs to use as input and demonstrates the method's robustness to different levels of ASiR-V, reconstruction kernels, and dose levels.
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39.
  • Näsmark, Torbjörn, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • The influence of dual-energy computed tomography image noise in proton therapy treatment planning
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 2405-6316. ; 28
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and purpose: In proton therapy, a 3.5% margin is often used to account for proton range uncertainties, of which computed tomography (CT) image noise is assumed to contribute 0.5%. This work evaluates the noise-sensitivity of three dual-energy computed tomography (DECT)-based methods for mapping proton stopping power relative to water (SPR): Näsmark & Andersson (N&A), Landry-Saito (L-S), and the commercial application DirectSPR.Methods and materials: DECT image data of a CIRS-062M phantom was acquired with CT scanners from two different vendors. Acquisitions were repeated 30 times to account for intra- and inter-scan variations. SPR maps were generated with the three DECT-based methods and range simulated in a commercial treatment planning system.Results: Noise in input data was amplified in L-S SPR maps, kept level with DirectSPR, while N&A compressed noise overall but displayed sensitivity to the choice of input data, potentially leading to increased noise levels. In our simulations, only N&A improved upon the assumed 0.5% noise contribution to range uncertainty on one scanner. On the other scanner, uncertainties exceeded 0.5% for all three methods. Mitigation of this issue was demonstrated by using a method employing virtual mono-energetic images as input. Increasing imaging radiation dose, as expected, alleviates the problem, while applying noise reduction only helped to a lesser extent.Conclusions: While range uncertainty due to noise is small compared to other contributions, it becomes more important as we move towards smaller treatment margins and the noise-sensitivity of SPR mapping methods should be carefully estimated and considered before clinical implementation.
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40.
  • Olausson, Maria Dolores Paz, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • High temperature corrosion memory in a waste fired boiler – Influence of sulfur
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 130, s. 30-37
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The selection of fuel for a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant can vary over time. By choosing less expensive fuels, operation costs are reduced, however, cheaper fuels generally increase corrosion maintenance costs. The corrosiveness of different fuels has been studied extensively while how the current corrosion attack is influenced by corrosion history, i.e. previous deposit build-up and oxide scale formation, is less studied. This phenomenon may be referred to as a “corrosion memory” effect (Paz et al., 2017). The present work investigates the influence of addition of sulfur to the fuel on the corrosion memory through air-cooled probes in the Waste-to Energy lines at Måbjerg Energy Center (MEC) in Denmark. The results show a corrosion memory effect, i.e. as initially corrosive environment may increase the subsequent corrosion rate and vice versa.
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41.
  • Processrättsliga studier tillägnade Bengt Lindell
  • 2021
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bengt Lindell kan hösten 2021 se tillbaka på en period av över trettio år som professor i processrätt vid Juridiska fakulteten i Uppsala. Sedan några år är han samtidigt verksam i samma kapacitet vid Karlstads universitet. När Bengt nu närmar sig tidpunkten för pensionsavgång har en grupp vänner och kollegor valt att hedra honom med en festskrift.
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42.
  • Radmann, Aage, et al. (författare)
  • A Struggle Between Loyalty and Commodification : Scandinavian Football Fans
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Football Fans in Europe and Latin America : Football Research in an Enlarged Europe - Football Research in an Enlarged Europe. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031064722 - 9783031064739 ; , s. 81-105
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This chapter will give insight into the Nordic football fandom culture describing supporter culture in all five Nordic countries, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and Finland. Focusing on history, identities, policies, and politics the authors discuss if a specific “Nordic supporter culture” exists and if there are significant perspectives in this culture compared to other football fandom cultures. Sweden has the most devoted fans when it comes to club football in the Nordic countries and Denmark and Iceland when we talk about fans supporting the national teams. Scandinavia of today has a strong supporter culture and good attendances at football matches. While following the development patterns seen in many European countries, football fans in Scandinavia have developed region-specific modes of creative engagement with the game. Supporters not only encourage their clubs, they also provide a modern commentary and criticism of social and economic changes within the globalized football world. The evolution of football fans, exemplified by the Scandinavian context and taking neighboring countries into consideration, is paired with socio-temporal national realities and European developments. Thus, the activities on Scandinavian football arenas result in producing identities and histories relevant in the Nordic context.
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43.
  • Sveinsson, Olafur, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical risk factors in SUDEP : A nationwide population-based case-control study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 94:4, s. e419-e429
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: We conducted a nationwide case-control study in Sweden to test the hypothesis that specific clinical characteristics are associated with increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).METHODS: The study included 255 SUDEP cases (definite and probable) and 1,148 matched controls. Clinical information was obtained from medical records and the National Patient Register. The association between SUDEP and potential risk factors was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and interaction assessed by attributable proportion due to interaction (AP).RESULTS: Experiencing generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) during the preceding year was associated with a 27-fold increased risk (OR 26.81, 95% CI 14.86-48.38), whereas no excess risk was seen in those with exclusively non-GTCS seizures (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.54-48.38). The presence of nocturnal GTCS during the last year of observation was associated with a 15-fold risk (OR 15.31, 95% CI 9.57-24.47). Living alone was associated with a 5-fold increased risk of SUDEP (OR 5.01, 95% CI 2.93-8.57) and interaction analysis showed that the combination of not sharing a bedroom and having GTCS conferred an OR of 67.10 (95% CI 29.66-151.88), with AP estimated at 0.69 (CI 0.53-0.85). Among comorbid diseases, a previous diagnosis of substance abuse or alcohol dependence was associated with excess risk of SUDEP.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with GTCS who sleep alone have a dramatically increased SUDEP risk. Our results indicate that 69% of SUDEP cases in patients who have GTCS and live alone could be prevented if the patients were not unattended at night or were free from GTCS.
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44.
  • Sveinsson, Olafur, et al. (författare)
  • Pharmacologic treatment and SUDEP risk : A nationwide, population-based, case-control study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 95:18, s. E2509-E2518
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective We conducted a nationwide case–control study in Sweden to test the hypothesis that antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) mono- or polytherapy, adherence, antidepressants, neuroleptics, β-blockers, and statins are associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk.Methods Included were 255 SUDEP cases and 1,148 matched controls. Information on clinical factors and medications came from medical records and the National Patient and Prescription Registers. The association between SUDEP and medications was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potential risk factors including type of epilepsy, living conditions, comorbidity, and frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS).Results Polytherapy, especially taking 3 or more AEDs, was associated with a substantially reduced risk of SUDEP (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14–0.67). Combinations including lamotrigine (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.31–0.97), valproic acid (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.98), and levetiracetam (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.90) were associated with reduced risk. No specific AED was associated with increased risk. Regarding monotherapy, although numbers were limited, the lowest SUDEP risk was seen in users of levetiracetam (0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.61). Having nonadherence mentioned in the medical record was associated with an OR of 2.75 (95% CI 1.58–4.78). Statin use was associated with a reduced SUDEP risk (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.11–0.99) but selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use was not.Conclusion These results provide support for the importance of medication adherence and intensified AED treatment for patients with poorly controlled GTCS in the effort to reduce SUDEP risk and suggest that comedication with statins may reduce risk.
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45.
  • Söderström, Elisabet, et al. (författare)
  • CTH G1208T and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk of a first myocardial infarction with fatal outcome among women
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy. - : De Gruyter Open. - 2363-8907 .- 2363-8915. ; 38:1, s. 57-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) in the transsulfuration pathway generates hydrogen sulfide (H2S), suggested regulating cardiovascular function. The G1208T polymorphism in the CTH gene, rs1021737, has, in addition to MTHFR, been found to increase homocysteine, related to myocardial infarction (MI) risk. This study aimed, for the first time, to investigate the associations of the polymorphisms CTH G1208T, MTHFR C677T, and A1298C with the prospective risk of developing a fatal or non-fatal first MI.Methods: This case-referent study included 545 cases later developing a first-ever MI and 1,054 referents from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Fatal MI was defined as death within 28 days after MI symptoms.Results: Women, but not men, had a positive association between fatal MI and the CTH G1208T, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.14 [1.16-8.54] for heterozygotes, and the dominant model 3.22 [1.22-8.51], and for the MTHFR A1298C heterozygotes 3.24 [1.26-8.34] and the dominant model 2.63 [1.06-6.50]. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was not related to MI.Conclusions: This study indicates that the minor alleles of CTH G1208T and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk for a fatal MI among women but not for non-fatal MI. No association was found in men.
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46.
  •  
47.
  • Söderström, Elisabet, et al. (författare)
  • Mild impairment of renal function (shrunken pore syndrome) is associated with increased risk of a future first-ever myocardial infarction in women
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 81:6, s. 438-445
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Impaired renal function is associated both with the development of cardiovascular disease and its prognosis. A new syndrome called ' Shrunken Pore Syndrome ' has been suggested, as the estimated glomerular filtration rate for cystatin C (eGFR(cystatin C)) is affected earlier due to differences in molecular size compared to eGFR(creatinine). The aim was to investigate if a lower eGFR(cystatin C)/eGFR(creatinine) ratio in a prospective setting increases the risk of later developing a first-ever myocardial infarction (MI) independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. We used a nested case-referent study design within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, and 545 subjects (29.0% women) were identified who prospectively developed a first-ever MI, and their 1054 matched referents. For women, but not for men, one standard deviation (SD) increase of ln z-scores of eGFR(cystatin C)/eGFR(creatinine) ratio was associated with a lower risk of a future MI: odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.58 [0.34-0.99], adjusted for apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, CRP, homocysteine, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and diabetes. Furthermore, a high eGFR(creatinine) associated independently with an increased risk of future MI in men only: OR 1.25 [1.05-1.48]. Thus, for women, a lower eGFR(cystatin C)/eGFR(creatinine) ratio is associated with a higher risk of having a future first-ever MI, and it may be a valuable, easily implemented biomarker for risk of cardiovascular disease.
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48.
  • Tyler, Torbjörn, et al. (författare)
  • Utsådda blommor räddar inte insekterna
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Om vi vill rädda hotade insekts­arter är det miljöer med traditionella ängs­växter som vi behöver mer av, inte frö­blandningar av oklart ursprung från handeln. Det skriver flera debattörer.
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49.
  • Yin, Litao, et al. (författare)
  • Implementing intermittent current interruption into Li-ion cell modelling for improved battery diagnostics
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 427
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel electroanalytical method, the intermittent current interruption (ICI) technique, has recently been promoted as a versatile tool for battery analysis and diagnostics. The technique enables frequent and continuous measurement of battery resistance, which then undergoes statistical analysis. Here, this method is implemented for commercial Li-ion cylindrical cells, and combined with a physics-based finite element model (FEM) of the battery to better interpret the measured resistances. Ageing phenomena such as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and metallic Li plating on the surface of the negative graphite particles are considered in the model. After validation, a long-term cycling simulation is conducted to mimic the ageing scenario of commercial cylindrical 21700 cells. The large number of internal resistance measurements obtained are subsequently visualized by creating a ‘resistance map’ as a function of both capacity and cycle numbers, providing a straight-forward image of their continuous evolution. By correlating the observed ageing scenarios with specific physical processes, the origins of ageing are investigated. The result shows that a decrease of the electrolyte volume fraction contributes significantly to the increase of internal resistance and affect the electrolyte diffusivity properties. Additionally, effects of porosity and particle radius of the different electrodes are investigated, providing valuable suggestions for battery design.
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50.
  • Östensson, Ellinor, et al. (författare)
  • Self-sampling for high-risk human papillomavirus as a follow-up alternative after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Oncology Letters. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1792-1074 .- 1792-1082. ; 21:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Women treated for high-grade cervical-intraepithelial-neoplasia (CIN) require long-term follow-up with high-risk human-papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Self-sampling for HPV is well-accepted among these patients, but its role in follow-up for this group requires investigation. The present study examined how well HPV findings from self-sampled vaginal (VSS) and urine specimens correctly identified women from this cohort with recurrent CIN2+ compared with samples collected by clinicians. At 1st post-conization follow-up, 531 patients (99.8% participation) gave urine samples, performed VSS, underwent colposcopy with punch biopsy of visible lesions and clinician-collected cervical sampling for HPV analysis and liquid-based cytology. A total of 113 patients with positive HPV and/or abnormal cytology at 1st follow-up underwent 2nd follow-up. At 1st follow-up, all patients with recurrent CIN3 had positive HPV results by all methods. Clinician sampling and VSS revealed HPV16 positivity in 50% of recurrent cases and urine sampling revealed HPV16 positivity in 25% of recurrent cases. At 2nd follow-up, all 7 newly-detected CIN2/3 recurrences were associated with HPV positivity on VSS and clinician-samples. Only clinician-collected samples detected HPV positivity for two adenocarcinoma-in-situ recurrences, and both were HPV18 positive. A total of 77 patients had abnormal cytology at 1st follow-up, for which HPV positivity via VSS yielded highest sensitivity. The HPV findings were positive from VSS in 12 patients with high-grade squamous-intraepithelial-lesions (HSIL), and 11 patients with HSIL had positive HPV findings in clinician-collected and urine samples. All methods for assessing HPV presence yielded significant age-adjusted odds ratios for predicting abnormal lesions at 1st follow-up. For overall HPV results, Cohen's kappa revealed substantial agreement between VSS and clinician sampling, and moderate agreement between urine and clinician sampling. Clinician sampling and VSS were highly concordant for HPV16. Insofar as the pathology was squamous (not glandular), VSS appeared as sensitive as clinician sampling for HPV in predicting outcome among the present cohort. Since VSS can be performed at home, this option can maximize participation in the required long-term follow-up for these women at high-risk.
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