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1.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Development of the SUNRA Tool to Improve Regional and Local Sustainability of the Transportation Sector
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:18, s. 11275-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To fulfil the global sustainable development goals (SDGs), achieving sustainable development is becoming urgent, not least in the transportation sector. In response to this, the sustainability framework Sustainability National Road Administrations (SUNRA) was developed to contribute to improving the sustainability performance of national road administrations across Europe. In the present study, the framework has been tested, applied and further developed to be applicable for target setting and follow-up at the project level at both the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) and at municipal levels. The aim was a framework relevant for investment, re-investments, maintenance and operation projects and also to make it more user applicable. The study also investigated how the framework can contribute to sustainability, identified drivers and barriers for applying the framework and examined whether the framework can be applied and adapted to projects of different complexities. The adaptations and developments were done in collaboration between researchers and practitioners. The results show that the framework could easily be used and adapted for investment, re-investment, maintenance and operation projects in the planning stage, as well as for small municipal establishments, construction or reconstruction of residential areas and frequent maintenance. The framework contributes to increased awareness on sustainability, and it provides a common structure and transparency on how infrastructure project goals/targets are set and fulfilled. The framework can also be applied to follow the fulfilment of the goals/targets and thereby adapt the project to better fulfil the goals. Identified barriers include the lack of obligations and lack of experience in using sustainability frameworks.
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2.
  • Adesam, Yvonne, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • A lexical resource for computational historical linguistics
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: The Swedish FrameNet++. Harmonization, integration, method development and practical language technology applications. - Amsterdam / Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1567-8202. - 978 90 272 5848 9 ; , s. 98-121
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this chapter we present the diachronic dimension of Swedish FrameNet++. We describe the historical lexical resources currently available for Swedish, linked to the Contemporary Swedish lexicon Saldo. We present a case study of how interlinking the dictionaries simultaneously allows us to study lexical change. We also present a method of linking text words to lexicon entries, facilitating interactive exploration of historical texts. Diachronical language resources present both a high-variation challenge from a wider language technology perspective, and an interesting object of linguistic study. While a number of improvements of the parts of the diachronic lexical macroresource are still needed, this resource is invaluable for analysing and accessing historical texts, as well as for both synchronic historical and diachronic lexical studies.
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3.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • A framework for identification, assessment and prioritization of climate change adaptation measures for roads and railways
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today’s climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts. Therefore, it is important to identify, assess and prioritize which measures are necessary to undertake, as well as where and when these are to be undertaken. To be able to make such evaluations, robust (scientifically based), transparent and systematic assessments and valuations are required. This article describes a framework to assess the cause-and-effect relationships and how to estimate the costs and benefits as a basis to assess and prioritize measures for climate adaptation of roads and railways. The framework includes hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment, identification, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of possible risk reduction measures and a step regarding distribution-, goal-and sensitivity analyses. The results from applying the framework shall be used to prioritize among potential risk reduction measures as well as when to undertake them.
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4.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Masshantering : indikatorer och nyckeltal för incitament för reducerad klimatpåverkan vid upphandling
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Metodik för styrning av cirkulär masshantering i Trafikverket är inriktad på moment som genomförs i projekteringsskedet. Det saknas metodik för hur indikatorer och nyckeltal kan föras över till entreprenaden. För att förbättra krav och incitament i entreprenadupphandling måste krav som är upphandlingsbara och uppföljningsbara i entreprenaden utvecklas. Syftet med detta projekt är att, i en förstudie, ta fram förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal för upphandling som kan användas för att sätta krav och ge incitament som kan föras in i Trafikverkets upphandlingar för att förbättra masshanteringen, såväl i planeringen av projekt som i själva utförandet. De krav och incitament som på längre sikt ska arbetas fram ska kunna användas vid upphandlingar och därmed bidra till att entreprenörer kommer att arbeta mer cirkulärt, hållbart och innovativt med masshantering än i dagsläget. Huvudsyftet är att upphandlingsförfarandet ska bidra till att uppnå Trafikverkets mål att infrastrukturen ska vara klimatneutral senast år 2045. Arbetet utgörs av en omvärldsanalys som baseras på internationell och nationell litteratur, masshanteringsrapportering samt intervjuer. Från omvärldsanalysen framgår att regelverken kring uppgrävda massor inte är tydlig, men att massorna klassas som avfall i de flesta länder. Detta leder i sin tur till att massorna inte återvinns i så hög grad som är teoretiskt möjligt och inte heller så högt upp som möjligt i värdekedjan. För att förbättra detta krävs tydligare incitament, indikatorer och nyckeltal samt redovisningsverktyg och guidande material från Trafikverket. I detta projekt har förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal tagits fram. Dessutom har en Excelbaserad prototyp för hur flera av dessa kan redovisas tagits fram. Denna ska när den färdigställts kunna användas såväl inför en upphandling som för att användas för att följa upp och utvärdera masshantering i ett projekt. Rapporten ger också förslag på fortsatt arbete för att utveckla prototypen för utvärdering av masshantering på projektnivå och ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv.
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5.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • Microplastics from tyre and road wear: a literature review
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This literature review concerns microplastics from tyre and road wear caused by road traffic. As there is limited knowledge about microplastics in general, and microplastics from road traffic in particular, the Swedish Government commissioned the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) to, during 2018-2020, develop and disseminate knowledge about microplastics from road traffic. The chapters in this report summarises existing knowledge about microplastics from road traffic with respect to the following aspects: sources, spread and presence; effects on and risk to the environment and human health; characteristics and chemical composition; tyre and road wear; sampling methods; analysis and sample preparation; and measures. The report also includes a chapter with overall conclusions, and a chapter about further research, development and investigation needs. The purpose of this report is to provide a basis for reducing the generation and spread of microplastics from road traffic. One aim of the report is to collate and disseminate knowledge about microplastics generated by tyre and road wear, and to review the current level of knowledge. A second aim is to identify knowledge gaps and research requirements in relation to microplastics from road traffic. This literature review is based on a review of scientific articles and reports, as well as technical literature and some information from experts and industry.
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6.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage : en kunskapssammanställning
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna kunskapssammanställning handlar om mikroplast från vägtrafikens däck- och vägslitage. Eftersom kunskapen om mikroplaster från vägtrafiken är begränsad samtidigt som däckslitage bedöms vara den största källan till utsläpp av mikroplast i Sverige, gav regeringen inom ramen för sitt arbete med plast och mikroplast Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) i uppdrag att under 2018– 2020 ta fram och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken. Varje kapitel i denna rapport sammanfattar befintlig kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken avseende en eller flera aspekter. Dessa aspekter är: källor, spridning och förekomst; miljö- och hälsoeffekter samt risker; egenskaper och kemisk sammansättning; däck- och vägslitage; provtagningsmetoder; analys- och provberedningsmetoder samt åtgärder. Dessutom finns ett kapitel med sammanfattande slutsatser och allra sist ett kapitel om forsknings-, utvecklings- och utredningsbehov.Syftet med rapporten är att den ska utgöra ett underlag för att minska emissioner och spridning av mikroplast från vägtrafiken. Ett mål med rapporten är att sammanställa och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage och att redogöra för nuvarande kunskapsläge. Ytterligare ett mål är att identifiera kunskaps- och forskningsbehov avseende mikroplast från vägtrafiken.Underlaget till denna kunskapssammanställning utgörs av vetenskapliga artiklar och rapporter samt facklitteratur och information från branschen och från experter.
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7.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Ramverk för att prioritera och bedöma nyttan av klimatanpassningsåtgärder
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Klimatförändringarna är idag påtagliga och även om vi snabbt får ner utsläppen av växthusgaser kommer fler, mer omfattande och mer kostsamma klimatrelaterade händelser att inträffa alltmer ofta. Kostnaderna inom den svenska transportsektorn för klimatrelaterade händelser som skadar gator, vägar, spår-/järnväg, med flera sårbara delar av infrastrukturen är stora redan idag och förväntas öka. Översvämningar, bränder och skador till följd av väderrelaterade händelser på anläggningar resulterar bland annat i minskad framkomlighet och en ökad risk för olyckor. För att upprätthålla transportsystemets funktion är det därför viktigt att vi vidtar riskreducerande åtgärder för att minska sannolikheten och omfattningen av negativa konsekvenser av både dagens klimat- och väderrelaterade händelser men framför allt för att hantera framtida klimatrelaterade händelser. Det är nödvändigt att säkerställa transportsystemets funktion vid extrema väderhändelser, och under perioder av långvarig nederbörd, långvariga värmeböljor och förändrade nederbördsmönster. Det gäller också att redan idag möjliggöra anpassningsåtgärder för att hantera långsiktiga förändringar som höjd havsvattennivå och grundvattennivåer, som påverkar infrastrukturens framkomlighet och livslängd.I denna rapport presenteras sammanfattande resultat och en sammanfattning av hur ett ramverk för att utvärdera klimatrelaterade effektsamband har använts. Med effektsamband avses att identifiera, bedöma och värdera klimatrelaterade risker och riskreducerande åtgärder. I denna rapport är fokus på att identifiera, bedöma och utvärdera effektiviteten av klimatrelaterade åtgärder. Resultatet av det framtagna ramverket kan användas för att analysera riskreducerande åtgärders effekter, det vill säga för att bedöma om det är relevant att genomföra en åtgärd, när i tiden den bör genomföras samt för att bedöma vilken åtgärd som är mest relevant att genomföra. De risker som beaktas genom fallstudier innefattar brandrisk, olycksrisk på gator och vägar på grund av nollgenomgångar eller värme, översvämning, erosion och skred och påverkan på vägkonstruktionen (spårbildning, bärighet och utmattning), solkurvor och risker vid kraftiga vindar. Testerna har innefattat faro- och riskidentifiering, riskanalys, identifiering och utvärdering av möjliga åtgärder. Exempel på fallstudier är Gävleregnet 2021, ett skyfall i Kungsbacka kommun 2019, erosionsrelaterade förändringar under lång tid vid Österdalälven och beräkningar av påverkan av temperatur, fuktighet och förändringar i tjälförändringsmönster på vägkonstruktionen vid E10 vid Svappavaara. I en av de fallstudier som sammanfattas i rapporten redovisas även en monetär värdering och känslighetsanalys. Ramverket har också legat till grund för en diskussion avseende klimatrelaterade risker kopplade till elförsörjning.
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8.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • SUNRA : Version 2020
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • SUNRA (Sustainability: National Road Administrations) SUNRA är ett beslutstödsverktyg som utvecklats för att användas i vägprojekt genom att sätta ambitionsnivå för olika hållbarhetsaspekter och följa upp arbetet mot dessa på ett strukturerat sätt. I detta PM beskrivs hur SUNRA ska användas, följt av ett kapitel med förslag på var i planeringsprocessen SUNRA kan användas. Därefter redovisas de teman och aspekter som beaktas inom SUNRA och underliggande frågeställningar som utgör resultatet av de uppdateringar som gjorts i denna version. I denna version har SUNRA även stämts av mot de globala hållbarhetsmålen liksom Trafikverkets tolkning av dem i form av Målbild 2030. Syftet med SUNRA är att det ska användas för att bidra till en hållbar utveckling med en högre ambitionsnivå än enbart de lagkrav och andra kriterier som måste tas hänsyn till. För de aspekter som beaktas är därför minikrav på målsättning de lagkrav som finns och Trafikverkets egna mål samt policyer.
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9.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Sunra : version 2021
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sunra (Sustainability: National Road Administrations) är Trafikverkets beslutstödsverktyg som utvecklats för att användas i väg- och järnvägsprojekt genom att sätta ambitionsnivå för olika hållbarhetsaspekter och följa upp arbetet mot dessa på ett strukturerat sätt. I detta PM beskrivs hur Sunra ska användas, följt av ett kapitel med förslag på var i planeringsprocessen Sunra kan användas. Därefter redovisas de teman och aspekter som beaktas inom Sunra och underliggande frågeställningar som utgör resultatet av de uppdateringar som gjorts i denna version. I denna version har Sunra även stämts av mot de globala hållbarhetsmålen liksom Trafikverkets tolkning av dem i form av Målbild 2030. Syftet med Sunra är att det ska användas för att bidra till en hållbar utveckling med en högre ambitionsnivå än enbart de lagkrav och andra kriterier som måste tas hänsyn till. För de aspekter som beaktas är därför minikrav på målsättning de lagkrav som finns och Trafikverkets egna mål samt policyer. Detta PM är en sammanställning av den senaste versionen av Sunra som innefattar ett större anpassnings- och uppdateringsarbete av Sunra version 2018-11-151 inom ramen för delprojekt 1.12 Sustainable analysis for smart maintenance i programmet Mistra Inframaint. Uppdateringen har gjorts för att Sunra ska kunna användas både inom investerings samt drift- och underhållsprojekt. Uppdateringar har gjorts både med avseende på de aspekter som beaktas inom de olika Temana, vilka Teman olika aspekter beaktas inom samt för att stämma med pågående arbetssätt inom Investera och Drift och Underhåll på Trafikverket. I arbetet med uppdateringen har experter från Drift och Underhåll samt Investering medverkat.
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10.
  • Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Sunra för lokal och regional infrastruktur : prototypen Sulri : Version 2022
  • 2022
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sunra (Sustainability: National Road Administrations) är Trafikverkets beslutstödsverktyg som utvecklats för att användas i väg- och järnvägsprojekt genom att sätta en ambitionsnivå för olika hållbarhetsaspekter och följa upp arbetet mot dessa på ett strukturerat sätt. I denna avrapportering beskrivs resultatet av fortsatt utveckling av Sunra anpassat för lokal och regional infrastruktur. Resultatet är prototyperna Sulri (Sustainability Local and Regional Infrastructure) och Sulri-frekvent. Sulri-frekvent är avsett att användas för mer frekventa projekt, som till exempel asfaltering av befintliga gator. Sulri också är tänkt för projekt som är lite mer komplexa såsom att tänka om eller planera nytt som till exempel att förbättra för aktivt resande, att klimatanpassa ett område eller att anpassa en gata, en plats eller ett område efter andra behov. Men Sulri kan i princip användas även för mer frekventa eller mindre projekt. I denna rapport beskrivs en första version av Sulri. Rapporten visar på hur verktyget ska användas. Därefter redovisas i kapitel 3 de teman och aspekter som beaktas inom Sulri och underliggande frågeställningar som utgör resultatet av de uppdateringar som gjorts i denna version. I bilaga 2 ges motsvarande redovisning för Sulri-frekvent. I bilaga 1 redovisas relevanta underlag för de olika teman och aspekter som beaktas i Sulri.
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11.
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12.
  • Bengtsson, Kajsa Rebecka, et al. (författare)
  • Health literacy in medication communication during hospital discharge : a qualitative study at an internal medicines ward in Norway
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective When discharged from hospital patients are often assumed to have sufficient health literacy (HL) to participate in their medical treatment and manage medical self-care after discharge. However, limited HL is a widespread concern and patient participation during discharge is lacking. In this study, we explore how HL influences medication communication during hospital discharge.Design A qualitative case study, comprising unstructured observations of patient–healthcare personnel (HCP) encounters followed by semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis.Setting An internal medicines ward at a university hospital in Norway.Participant Fifteen patients aged 40–89 years were included close to the day of discharge.Results The following themes describing dimensions of HL emerged: (1) access, (2) understand, (3) appraise and (4) apply. Most patients sought access to medication information from HCP, while some felt dependent on HCP to provide it. However, their abilities to understand, evaluate and make informed decisions were challenged, partly because HCPs’ ability to adapt their communication to the patient’s knowledgebase varied.Conclusion The results give a broader understanding of how HL influences medication communication during hospital discharge. To consider central dimensions of HL is important to achieve optimal medication communication, as the communication only can be exercised within the frames of the patient’s HL. The findings in this study support that HL should be described as a shared responsibility between the patients and HCP. Attention should be focused to the HCP’s responsibility to adapt the communication to the patient’s knowledgebase.
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13.
  • Blomqvist, Göran, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Microplastics in snow in urban traffic environments
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Microplastics from road traffic, mainly from tyre wear, are globally considered to be one of the largest sources of microplastic contamination in the environment. Plastics can either be deposited in the road vicinity, at the roadside and in ditches or spread via stormwater and air to the environment and receiving water bodies. In cold climates, microplastics, as well as other traffic-related pollutants, can be temporarily stored in snow and ice on and around roads and streets. The location and concentration of these pollutants is influenced by winter operations, where ploughing and skid control contribute to redistribution, and by melting and compaction of ice and snow. This creates reservoirs of microplastics and other pollutants, which are released into stormwater or surrounding soil during thaws, but also provides an opportunity to reduce the spread of microplastics by managing snow and ice appropriately. In the present report, a case study of microplastics in snow has been carried out in the municipality of Karlstad in Sweden, to get an idea of the potential variation, both in terms of concentration and total amounts in relation to traffic and the location of the sampling in the street environment. Microplastics have been analysed by pyrolysis GC/MS to identify tyre-specific polymers in combination with eight commonly occurring plastic types. In addition, six municipalities in different parts of the country responded to a questionnaire on microplastics in snow and urban snowmelt management. The results show that microplastics related to tyre wear (rubber polymers) tend to be present in higher concentrations on and near the carriageway. Other plastics show a less clear link to traffic. Along a salted bicycle lane, an elevated level of polypropylene, from which the brush of the sweep-salting machine is made, could be detected in the surface layer of the snow. In general, knowledge about microplastics in urban snow is low in the municipalities that responded to the survey.
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14.
  • Bowers, Hannah M, et al. (författare)
  • Supporting antidepressant discontinuation : the development and optimisation of a digital intervention for patients in UK primary care using a theory, evidence and person-based approach
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 10:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop a digital intervention to support antidepressant discontinuation in UK primary care that is scalable, accessible, safe and feasible. In this paper, we describe the development using a theory, evidence and person-based approach.DESIGN: Intervention development using a theory, evidence and person-based approach.SETTING: Primary Care in the South of England.PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen participants with a range of antidepressant experience took part in 'think aloud' interviews for intervention optimisation.INTERVENTION: Our digital intervention prototype (called 'ADvisor') was developed on the basis of a planning phase consisting of qualitative and quantitative reviews, an in-depth qualitative study, the development of guiding principles and a theory-based behavioural analysis. Our optimisation phase consisted of 'think aloud' interviews where the intervention was iteratively refined.RESULTS: The qualitative systematic review and in-depth qualitative study highlighted the centrality of fear of depression relapse as a key barrier to discontinuation. The quantitative systematic review showed that psychologically informed approaches such as cognitive-behavioural therapy were associated with greater rates of discontinuation than simple advice to reduce. Following a behavioural diagnosis based on the behaviour change wheel, social cognitive theory provided a theoretical basis for the intervention. The intervention was optimised on the basis of think aloud interviews, where participants suggested they like the flexibility of the system and found it reassuring. Changes were made to the tone of the material and the structure was adjusted based on this qualitative feedback.CONCLUSIONS: 'ADvisor' is a theory, evidence and person-based digital intervention designed to support antidepressant discontinuation. The intervention was perceived as helpful and reassuring in optimisation interviews. Trials are now needed to determine the feasibility, clinical and cost-effectiveness of this approach.
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15.
  • Chirambo, Griphin Baxter, et al. (författare)
  • Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Community Case Management on the Urgent Referral, Reconsultation, and Hospitalization of Children Aged Under 5 Years in Malawi : Cluster-Randomized, Stepped-Wedge Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 23:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Integrated community case management (CCM) has led to reductions in child mortality in Malawi resulting from illnesses such as malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea. However, adherence to CCM guidelines is often poor, potentially leading to inappropriate clinical decisions and poor outcomes. We determined the impact of an e-CCM app on the referral, reconsultation, and hospitalization rates of children presenting to village clinics in Malawi.OBJECTIVE: We determined the impact of an electronic version of a smartphone-based CCM (e-CCM) app on the referral, reconsultation, and hospitalization rates of children presenting to village clinics in Malawi.METHODS: We used a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial to compare paper-based CCM (control) with and without the use of an e-CCM app on smartphones from November 2016 to February 2017. A total of 102 village clinics from 2 districts in northern Malawi were assigned to 1 of 6 clusters, which were randomized on the sequencing of the crossover from the control phase to the intervention phase as well as the duration of exposure in each phase. Children aged ≥2 months to <5 years who presented with acute illness were enrolled consecutively by health surveillance assistants. The primary outcome of urgent referrals to higher-level facilities was evaluated by using multilevel mixed effects models. A logistic regression model with the random effects of the cluster and the fixed effects for each step was fitted. The adjustment for potential confounders included baseline factors, such as patient age, sex, and the geographical location of the village clinics. Calendar time was adjusted for in the analysis.RESULTS: A total of 6965 children were recruited-49.11% (3421/6965) in the control phase and 50.88% (3544/6965) in the intervention phase. After adjusting for calendar time, children in the intervention phase were more likely to be urgently referred to a higher-level health facility than children in the control phase (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.27-3.23; P=.003). Overall, children in the intervention arm had lower odds of attending a repeat health surveillance assistant consultation (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.59; P<.001) or being admitted to a hospital (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.90; P=.002), but after adjusting for time, these differences were not significant (P=.07 for consultation; P=.30 for hospital admission).CONCLUSIONS: The addition of e-CCM decision support by using smartphones led to a greater proportion of children being referred to higher-level facilities, with no apparent increase in hospital admissions or repeat consultations in village clinics. Our findings provide support for the implementation of e-CCM tools in Malawi and other low- and middle-income countries with a need for ongoing assessments of effectiveness and integration with national digital health strategies.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02763345; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02763345.
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16.
  • Chirambo, Griphin Baxter, et al. (författare)
  • End-user perspectives of two mHealth decision support tools : Electronic Community Case Management in Northern Malawi
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 145
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The introduction of a paper-based Community Case Management (CCM) in Malawi has contributed to a reduction of child morbidity and mortality rates. In addition, the introduction of electronic Community Case Management (eCCM) (smartphones with built in CCM apps) may help to reduce the under-five mortality rates even further. Purpose: It is not uncommon for Apps with a similar area of interest to develop different features to assist the end users. Such differences between Apps may have a significant role to play in its overall adoption and integration. The purpose of this research was to explore end users perspectives of two eCCM decision support tools developed and implemented by the Supporting LIFE project (SL eCCM App) and D-Tree International's (Mangologic eCCM App)in Northern Malawi. Methods: A mixed methods approach was applied, involving a survey of 109 users (106 Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs), and 3 Integrated Management of Childhood Il6lnesses (IMCI) coordinators). This was followed up with semi-structured interviews with 34 respondents (31 HSAs, and 3 IMCI coordinators). Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 where descriptive statistics and Chi-Squared tests were generated. Qualitative data were analyzed based on thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported that both Apps could assist the HSAs in the management of childhood illnesses. However, usability differed between the two apps where the Supporting LIFE eCCM App was found to be easier to use (61%) compared to the Mangologic eCCM App (4%). Both Apps were perceived to provide credible and accurate information. Conclusion: It is essential that the quality of the data within Mobile Health (mHealth) Apps is high, however even Apps with excellent levels of data quality may not succeed if the overall usability of the App is low. Therefore it is essential that the Apps has high levels of data quality, usability and credibility. The results of this study will help inform mobile Health (mHealth) App designers in developing future eCCM Apps as well as researchers and policy makers when considering the adoption of mHealth solutions in the future in Malawi and other LMICs.
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17.
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18.
  • Davidsson, Åsa (författare)
  • Natural Hazards as Windows of Opportunity for Change : Character and Time Perspectives on Environmental Opportunities and Preparedness
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the aftermath of natural hazards, opportunities often arise for society to make changes that prevent future losses. These changes can also have environmental impacts, increase preparedness, and contribute to sustainable development. Due to the loss of biodiversity and land degradation, there is an urgent need for actions promoting positive environmental changes. Reversing the trend of land degradation and biodiversity loss is motivated by various reasons, such as preserving ecosystem functions and services that offer protection against natural hazards and reducing drivers of climate change. However, due to land degradation, loss of ecosystems, and human settlements in hazard-prone areas, it is also necessary to take actions that reduce the risk of tsunamis by improving preparedness. Improved preparedness from a people-centered perspective is a crucial aspect of sustainable development.The four papers that make up this thesis present and apply two new frameworks— one to assess the environmental effect of human-made societal changes, and one to evaluate the maintenance of a TEWS (Tsunami Early Warning System) over time. The two frameworks capture two aspects of change after a natural hazard: i) environmental impacts and ii) Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). The thesis focuses particularly on time, a common aspect in both frameworks.The results indicate that changes triggered by natural hazards have a dual nature in that their impact on the environment can be both positive and negative. The thesis also provides evidence that past natural hazards can create a delayed window, which can be used as an argument for nature conservation during the establishment of national parks.The framework for evaluating the maintenance of a TEWS shows how difficult it is to operate all parts of the warning chain over time, from tsunami detection to evacuation. If parts of the chain are not maintained, the warning system may not be reliable.
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19.
  • Drenning, Paul David, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • A risk management framework for Gentle Remediation Options (GRO)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 802
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) are remediation measures involving plants, fungi, bacteria, and soil amendments that can be applied to manage risks at contaminated sites. Several studies and decision-support tools promote the wider range of benefits provided by GRO, but there is still skepticism regarding GRO implementation. Key issues that need to be better communicated are the various risk mitigation mechanisms, the required risk reduction for an envisioned land use, and the time perspective associated with the risk mitigation mechanisms. To increase the viability and acceptance of GRO, the phytomanagement approach implies the combination of GRO with beneficial green land use, gradually reducing risks and restoring ecosystem services. To strengthen the decision basis for GRO implementation in practice, this paper proposes a framework for risk management and communication of GRO applications to support phytomanagement strategies at contaminated sites. The mapping of the risk mitigation mechanisms is done by an extensive literature review and the Swedish national soil guideline value model is used to derive the most relevant human health exposure pathways and ecological risks for generic green land use scenarios. Results indicate that most of the expected risk mitigation mechanisms are supported by literature, but that knowledge gaps still exist. The framework is demonstrated to support the identification of GRO options for the case study site given two envisioned land uses: biofuel park and allotment garden. A more easily understandable risk management framework, as proposed here, is expected to act as a communication tool to educate decision-makers, regulatory bodies and other stakeholders for better understanding of risk mitigation mechanisms and preliminary timeframes of various GRO, particularly in the early stages of a brownfield redevelopment project.
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20.
  • Drenning, Paul David, 1992, et al. (författare)
  • Enhancing ecosystem services at urban brownfield sites - What value does contaminated soil have in the built environment?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:5
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Urban environments are challenged with a plethora of wicked problems in the face of rapid urbanization and land use change, not least natural capital degradation and widespread land and water contamination. Brownfields, under-used sites with real or perceived contamination, are significant urban and peri-urban land resources which, with well-designed remediation and management strategies can address these concerns. Gentle remediation options (GRO) are scalable nature-based techniques which provide significant opportunities for multi-functionality: managing risks posed by contaminants and at the same time enhance ecosystem services (ES) by improving the soil ecosystem in a low-impact, cost-effective manner. GRO align with an increasing interest in taking a holistic view on soil and land management to protect and improve the soil ecosystem for direct human benefit in the form of ES as well as for its indirect, intrinsic value as a haven for biodiversity. This short review aims to present a synthesis of ideas to raise awareness for urban planners about GRO techniques as nature-based solutions which can promote green infrastructure in the urban environment.
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21.
  • Eidhammer Rognan, Stine, et al. (författare)
  • 'The way you talk, do I have a choice?' : Patient narratives of medication decision-making during hospitalization
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectiveBased on the principle of the autonomy of the patient, shared decision-making (SDM) is the ideal approach in clinical encounters. In SDM, patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) share knowledge and power when faced with the task of making decisions. However, patients are often not involved in the decision-making process. In this study, we explore medication decision-making during hospitalization and how power in the specific patient—HCP relationship is articulated, as analysed by Foucauldian theory.MethodsA qualitative case study, comprising observations of patient-HCP encounters at an internal medicines ward at a university hospital in Norway, followed by semi-structured interviews. The narratives (n = 4 patients) were selected from a larger study (n = 15 patients). The rationale behind the choice of these patients was to include diverse and rich accounts. The four patients in their 40s–70s were included close to the day of presumed discharge.ResultsThe narratives provide an insight into the patients as persons, their perspectives, including what mattered to them during their hospitalization, especially in relation to medications. Overall, SDM was not observed in this study. Even though all the participants actively tried to keep their autonomous capacity and to resist the HCPs’ use of power, they were not able to change the established dynamics. Moreover, they were not allowed an equal voice to those of HCPs and thus not to escape the system’s objectification and subjectification of them.ConclusionThere is a need for HCPs to get more familiarized with SDM. The healthcare system and the individual HCP need to make more room for dialogue with the patients about their preferences. A part of this is also how health care systems are structured and scheduled, thus, it is important to empower patients and HCPs alike.
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22.
  • Fazey, Ioan, et al. (författare)
  • Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
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23.
  • Fortuin-de Smidt, Melony C., et al. (författare)
  • Physical activity attenuates but does not eliminate coronary heart disease risk amongst adults with risk factors : EPIC-CVD case-cohort study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 29:12, s. 1618-1629
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the association between physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in individuals with and without CHD risk factors.METHODS AND RESULTS: EPIC-CVD is a case-cohort study of 29 333 participants that included 13 582 incident CHD cases and a randomly selected sub-cohort nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Self-reported physical activity was summarized using the Cambridge physical activity index (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active). Participants were categorized into sub-groups based on the presence or the absence of the following risk factors: obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/L), history of diabetes, hypertension (self-reported or ≥140/90 mmHg), and current smoking. Prentice-weighted Cox regression was used to assess the association between physical activity and incident CHD events (non-fatal and fatal).Compared to inactive participants without the respective CHD risk factor (referent), excess CHD risk was highest in physically inactive and lowest in moderately active participants with CHD risk factors. Corresponding excess CHD risk estimates amongst those with obesity were 47% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32-64%] and 21% (95%CI 2-44%), with hypercholesterolaemia were 80% (95%CI 55-108%) and 48% (95%CI 22-81%), with hypertension were 80% (95%CI 65-96%) and 49% (95%CI 28-74%), with diabetes were 142% (95%CI 63-260%), and 100% (95%CI 32-204%), and amongst smokers were 152% (95%CI 122-186%) and 109% (95%CI 74-150%).CONCLUSIONS: In people with CHD risk factors, moderate physical activity, equivalent to 40 mins of walking per day, attenuates but does not completely offset CHD risk.
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24.
  • Gottlieb, Laura (författare)
  • Relational Sensitivity in Participatory Design : Thinking and making together through joint inquiry
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Participatory design processes can entail involving individuals, groups, and communities in joint inquiry to deliberate on their current situation, imagine alternative futures, and forge possible collaborations. Relational sensitivity – drawing attention to relationships in a given situation – is important when staging (i.e., organising and designing for) and facilitating joint inquiry. It is a valuable concept with which to illuminate and discuss contingent circumstances that may arise and, more generally, to support participation in joint inquiry. This PhD thesis explores and develops views of and a vocabulary for discussing relational sensitivity so as to support practitioners in staging joint inquiry. The thesis includes both a literature review and practice-based studies, applying a research through design approach to discuss relational sensitivity. The practice-based studies examine two participatory design processes: the collaborative designing of a communal space with university students, and the development of shared practices and rituals in a co-working space with professionals from the public sector. The practice-based studies also include nine design experiments in which situations for joint inquiry have been staged in academic contexts and in a museum. Through the literature- and practice-based studies, the thesis addresses two research questions: “How can relational sensitivity be understood when staging situations for joint inquiry?” and “How can the study of relational sensitivity inform practitioners when staging situations for joint inquiry?” Research methods include the use of field notes, journal notes, collective analysis, audio- and video-recordings, and questionnaires.The results include three perspectives from which to understand relational sensitivity when staging joint inquiry: sensitivity to self (e.g., reflexivity, self-awareness, and embodied awareness), sensitivity to intersubjective dynamics (e.g., attunement and responsiveness to group dynamics, affect, emotions, values, trust, and power dynamics), and sensitivity to materiality and process (e.g., the roles of materials, artefacts, and activities in reflection, social cohesion, and diverse contexts, and the role of the body in power dynamics). While relational sensitivity is primarily discussed in relation to practitioners – i.e., those staging joint inquiry – this thesis also discusses the importance of cultivating participants’ awareness of the self and others when staging joint inquiry to collectively support participation.Overall, this research contributes to the research fields of innovation and design and of participatory design by developing knowledge of relational sensitivity and its role in staging situations for joint inquiry. It provides insights into how practitioners can develop, discuss, and study their relational sensitivity and support participants in participatory design processes.
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25.
  • Gustafsson, Mats, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • Street sweeping : a source to, or measure against, microplastic emissions?
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Microplastics from road traffic are mainly caused by tyre wear, which is globally considered to be one of the largest sources of microplastics. Tyre wear particles have been shown to occur in all media (road surface, air, soil, stormwater, lakes and rivers and coastal sediments) and are dispersed both by runoff and by atmospheric transport. To reduce the dispersion and possible effects of road traffic microplastics emissions, measures can be taken to prevent the formation of particles and to prevent their dispersion through treatment measures. This study focuses on street cleaning as a method to reduce emissions, but as many street cleaning methods are based on the use of plastic brushes, cleaning as a source of microplastics has also been considered. The study was carried out in collaboration with the municipality of Karlstad and included a review of how street cleaning is carried out in Karlstad in relation to uptake and dispersion of microplastics. Furthermore, a comparison between two cleaning machines (elevator and vacuum) has been made and a monitoring of microplastic amounts on the road surface during different phases of spring sweeping has been carried out. In order to estimate the amount of plastic torn from the brushes, weighing of the brushes has been carried out. In order to gain knowledge about the work of more municipalities on street sweeping from a microplastic perspective, a questionnaire study was sent out to six municipalities in different parts of the country. The results show that both cleaning machines have the capacity to reduce the amount of microplastics on the road surface. However, during spring sweeping, the amount of polypropylene (the most common plastic in the brushes) on the road surface increases. The distribution of analysed plastics differs significantly between the road surface and the material collected by the machines. This is thought to be due to the fact that the machines mainly collect coarser fractions, while finer fractions remain on the road surface. Knowledge of, and thus consideration of, microplastics in relation to operational measures such as street cleaning is currently low among the municipalities surveyed, but awareness exists, as does the need for support in implementing possible measures. The present study shows a complex problem picture and represents a first step in understanding how street cleaning can be used as a measure, but also indicates that the wear of plastic brushes leads to a net emission of microplastics.
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26.
  • Hatschek, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and Docetaxel vs Trastuzumab Emtansine in Patients With ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 7:9, s. 1360-1367
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is presently approved for treatment of advanced breast cancer and after incomplete response to neoadjuvant therapy, but the potential of T-DM1 as monotherapy is so far unknown.OBJECTIVE: To assess pathologic complete response (pCR) to standard neoadjuvant therapy of combination docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (DTP) vs T-DM1 monotherapy in patients with ERBB2 (formerly HER2)-positive breast cancer.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized phase 2 trial, conducted at 9 sites in Sweden, enrolled 202 patients between December 1, 2014, and October 31, 2018. Participants were 18 years or older, with ERBB2-positive tumors larger than 20 mm and/or verified lymph node metastases. Analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to receive 6 cycles of DTP (standard group) or T-DM1 (investigational group). Crossover was recommended at lack of response or occurrence of intolerable toxic effects. Assessment with fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) was performed at baseline and after 2 and 6 treatment cycles.MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Pathologic complete response, defined as ypT0 or Tis ypN0. Secondary end points were clinical and radiologic objective response; event-free survival, invasive disease-free survival, distant disease-free survival, and overall survival; safety; health-related quality of life (HRQoL); functional and biological tumor characteristics; and frequency of breast-conserving surgery.RESULTS: Overall, 202 patients were randomized; 197 (99 women in the standard group [median age, 51 years (range, 26-73 years)] and 98 women in the investigational group [median age, 53 years (range, 28-74 years)]) were evaluable for the primary end point. Pathologic complete response was achieved in 45 patients in the standard group (45.5%; 95% CI 35.4%-55.8%) and 43 patients in the investigational group (43.9%; 95% CI 33.9%-54.3%). The difference was not statistically significant (P = .82). In a subgroup analysis, the pCR rate was higher in hormone receptor-negative tumors than in hormone receptor-positive tumors in both treatment groups (45 of 72 [62.5%] vs 45 of 125 [36.0%]). Three patients in the T-DM1 group experienced progression during therapy. In an exploratory analysis, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at 10% or more (median) estimated pCR significantly (odds ratio, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.42-5.36; P = .003). Response evaluation with F-18-FDG PET-CT revealed a relative decrease of maximum standardized uptake value by more than 31.3% (median) was associated with pCR (odds ratio, 6.67, 95% CI, 2.38-20.00; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, treatment with standard neoadjuvant combination DTP was equal to T-DM1.
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27.
  • Holmgren, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia : Considering a Clinical Role for Electroencephalography
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Inc.. - 0895-0172 .- 1545-7222. ; 34:3, s. 214-223
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Degenerative dementia is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms. People with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, show synaptic loss and disruption of functional brain networks along with neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Electroencephalography (EEG) directly reflects synaptic activity, and among patients with AD it is associated with slowing of background activity. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms and EEG in patients with dementia and to determine whether EEG parameters could be used for clinical assessment of pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia (NPSD) with galantamine or risperidone.METHODS: Seventy-two patients with EEG recordings and a score ≥10 on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were included. Clinical assessments included administration of the NPI, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). Patients underwent EEG examinations at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with galantamine or risperidone. EEG frequency analysis was performed. Correlations between EEG and assessment scale scores were statistically examined, as were EEG changes from baseline to the week 12 visit and the relationship with NPI, CMAI, and MMSE scores.RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between NPI agitation and delta EEG frequencies at baseline and week 12. No other consistent and significant relationships were observed between NPSD and EEG at baseline, after NPSD treatment, or in the change in EEG from baseline to follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: The limited informative findings in this study suggest that there exists a complex relationship between NPSD and EEG; hence, it is difficult to evaluate and use EEG for clinical assessment of pharmacological NPSD treatment.
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28.
  • Jarsjö, Jerker, et al. (författare)
  • Projecting impacts of climate change on metal mobilization at contaminated sites: Controls by the groundwater level
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 712
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heavy metal and metalloid contamination of topsoils from atmospheric deposition and release from landfills, agriculture, and industries is a widespread problem that is estimated to affect >50% of the EU's land surface. Influx of contaminants from soil to groundwater and their further downstream spread and impact on drinking water quality constitute a main exposure risk to humans. There is increasing concern that the present contaminant loading of groundwater and surface water systems may be altered, and potentially aggravated, by ongoing climate change, through large-scale impacts on recharge and groundwater levels. We investigated this issue by performing hydrogeological-geochemical model projections of changes in metal(loid) (As and Pb) mobilization in response to possible (climate-driven) future shifts in groundwater level and fluctuation amplitudes. We used observed initial conditions and boundary conditions for contaminated soils in the temperate climate zone. The results showed that relatively modest increases (0.2 m) in average levels of shallow groundwater systems, which may occur in Northern Europe within the coming two decades, can increase mass flows of metals through groundwater by a factor of 2–10. There is a similar risk of increased metal mobilization in regions subject to increased (seasonal or event-scale) amplitude of groundwater levels fluctuations. Neglecting groundwater level dynamics in predictive models can thus lead to considerable and systematic underestimation of metal mobilization and future changes. More generally, our results suggest that the key to quantifying impacts of climate change on metal mobilization is to understand how the contact between groundwater and the highly water-conducting and geochemically heterogeneous topsoil layers will change in the future.
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29.
  • Johannesson, Mikael, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om mikroplast från vägtrafiken
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna rapport är en redovisning av det regeringsuppdrag VTI fick i december 2017 om att ta fram och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken och som löpte fram till den 1 juni 2021. Uppdraget omfattade en budget på totalt 20 Mkr. Anledningen till uppdraget var bl.a. att kunskapen om mikroplast från vägtrafiken är mycket begränsad samtidigt som däck- och vägslitagepartiklar från vägtrafiken är en stor källa. Uppdraget var ett led i regeringens arbete att nationellt och internationellt genomföra insatser för att minska problemen med plast i miljön. Rapporten är strukturerad utifrån den kunskap som specifikt efterfrågas i uppdraget, som t.ex. kunskap om hur partiklarna sprids och vad man kan göra åt det, samt vad regeringen önskar att VTI ska göra, som t.ex. skriva vetenskapliga artiklar, samverka med myndigheter och sprida kunskap.Denna rapport är en sammanfattning av de aktiviteter som genomförts och de resultat som kommit fram inom ramen för uppdraget. Kunskapen om mikroplast från däck- och vägslitagepartiklar har från en låg nivå ökat snabbt under senare år genom forskning som bedrivits inom och utanför regerings-uppdraget. Det gäller t.ex. kunskap om beredning och analys av prover, däckpartiklars fysiska och kemiska egenskaper, däck- och vägslitagepartiklars förekomst i väg- och gatumiljö, deras potentiella spridningsvägar, vilka potentiella styrmedel och åtgärder som finns.
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30.
  • Johansson, Glenn, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Removal and release of microplastics and other environmental pollutants during the start-up of bioretention filters treating stormwater
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 468
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Untreated stormwater is a major source of microplastics, organic pollutants, metals, and nutrients in urban water courses. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge about the start-up periods of bioretention filters. A rain garden pilot facility with 13 bioretention filters was constructed and stormwater from a highway and adjacent impervious surfaces was used for irrigation for ∼12 weeks. Selected plants (Armeria maritima, Hippophae rhamnoides, Juncus effusus, and Festuca rubra) was planted in ten filters. Stormwater percolated through the filters containing waste-to-energy bottom ash, biochar, or Sphagnum peat, mixed with sandy loam. Influent and effluent samples were taken to evaluate removal of the above-mentioned pollutants.
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31.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in the road environment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tire wear particles (TWP) are assumed to be one of the major sources of microplastic pollution to the environment. However, many of the previously published studies are based on theoretical estimations rather than field measurements. To increase the knowledge regarding actual environmental concentrations, samples were collected and analyzed from different matrices in a rural highway environment to characterize and quantify TWP and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles. The sampled matrices included road dust (from kerb and in-between wheeltracks), runoff (water and sediment), and air. In addition, airborne deposition was determined in a transect with increasing distance from the road. Two sieved size fractions (2–20 µm and 20–125 µm) were analyzed by automated Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) single particle analysis and classified with a machine learning algorithm into the following subclasses: TWP, bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metals, minerals, and biogenic/organic particles. The relative particle number concentrations (%) showed that the runoff contained the highest proportion of TWP (up to 38 %). The share of TWP in kerb samples tended to be higher than BiWP. However, a seasonal increase of BiWP was observed in coarse (20–125 µm) kerb samples during winter, most likely reflecting studded tire use. The concentration of the particle subclasses within airborne PM80-1 decreases with increasing distance from the road, evidencing road traffic as the main emission source. The results confirm that road dust and the surrounding environment contain traffic-derived microplastics in both size fractions. The finer fraction (2–20 µm) dominated (by mass, volume, and number) in all sample matrices. These particles have a high potential to be transported in water and air far away from the source and can contribute to the inhalable particle fraction (PM10) in air. This highlights the importance of including also finer particle fractions in future investigations.
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32.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Differentiating and Quantifying Carbonaceous (Tire, Bitumen, and Road Marking Wear) and Non-carbonaceous (Metals, Minerals, and Glass Beads) Non-exhaust Particles in Road Dust Samples from a Traffic Environment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 233:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tires, bitumen, and road markings are important sources of traffic-derived carbonaceous wear particles and microplastic (MP) pollution. In this study, we further developed a machine-learning algorithm coupled to an automated scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analytical approach to classify and quantify the relative number of the following subclasses contained in environmental road dust: tire wear particles (TWP), bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metallics, minerals, and biogenic/organics. The method is non-destructive, rapid, repeatable, and enables information about the size, shape, and elemental composition of particles 2-125 mu m. The results showed that the method enabled differentiation between TWP and BiWP for particles > 20 mu m with satisfying results. Furthermore, the relative number concentration of the subclasses was similar in both analyzed size fractions (2-20 mu m and 20-125 mu m), with minerals as the most dominant subclass (2-20 mu m x = 78%, 20-125 mu m x = 74%) followed by tire and bitumen wear particles, TBiWP, (2-20 mu m x = 19%, 20-125 mu m x = 22%). Road marking wear, glass beads, and metal wear contributed to x = 1%, x = 0.1%, and x = 1% in the 2-20-mu m fraction and to x = 0.5%, x = 0.2%, and x = 0.4% in the 20-125-mu m fraction. The present results show that road dust appreciably consists of TWP and BiWP within both the coarse and the fine size fraction. The study delivers quantitative evidence of the importance of tires, bitumen, road marking, and glass beads besides minerals and metals to wear particles and MP pollution in traffic environments based on environmental (real-world) samples
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33.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Occurrence of tire and bitumen wear microplastics on urban streets and in sweepsand and washwater
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 729
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tire and road wear particles have been identified as a potential major source of microplastics in the environment. However, more knowledge of the emissions and their further fate in the environment is needed, and the effectiveness and benefits of potential measures must be investigated to support future risk management efforts. Here the concentrations of tire and bitumen microplastic particles (TBMP) on roads and in nearby in stormwater, sweepsand and washwater were measured for the first time within the same area and time period. The analysis also included plastic, paint and fiber particles. Road dust was sampled on the road surface using a wet dust sampler, before and after street sweeping on two occasions. On each of these occasions, and several occasions during a four-month period with frequent street sweeping, sweepsand and washwater, as well as flow-weighted sampling of stormwater, were collected. TBMP concentrations were operationally defined, using density separation for some samples, followed by analysis by stereo microscopy. Sodium iodide (NaI) was found to be effective for density separation of TBMP. The largest proportion of anthropogenic microplastics detected consisted of tire tread wear and bitumen. The number of TBMP ≥100 μm in the WDS samples was up to 2561 particles/L. Sweepsand and washwater contained high amounts of TBMP ≥100 μm, up to 2170 particles/kg dw and 4500 particles/L, respectively. The results show that the sweeper collects considerable amounts of TBMP, and thus weekly sweeping might prevent further transport of TBMP to the receiving stormwater. In stormwater the number of particles ≥100 μm was up to 3 particles/L and ≥ 20 μm was up to 5900 particles/L showing the importance of analysing smaller microparticle sizes than 100 μm in all samples in future studies. This study also confirms that there is a substantial volume of TBMP generated from traffic that enters the environment.
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34.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991 (författare)
  • Occurrence of Traffic-Derived Microplastics in Different Matrices in the Road Environment
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The prevalence of microplastic contamination has raised concerns about the potential risk and impact on the global environment. Traffic-derived microplastics, i.e., tire wear particles (TWP), polymer-modified bitumen, and road markings contribute to the emissions, and TWP are assumed to be one of the largest sources of microplastic emissions. Due to analytical difficulties, there is still a knowledge gap regarding transport routes, environmental concentrations, and toxicity. This thesis aims to investigate the occurrence of traffic-derived microplastics in several traffic environments and thereby increase the understanding of the particles. Samples were collected on the road surface (Paper I‒IV), in the stormwater (Paper I, II, and IV), in the air (Paper IV), and in material collected by a street sweeper (Paper I‒II). In addition to environmental samples, a road-simulator was used to generate TWP in a controlled environment enabling comparison between tire types and brands resulting in a deeper understanding of the characteristics and physicochemical properties of TWP (Paper V). Different sample preparation steps such as optimised density separation, solvent cleaning, and size fractionation have been assessed, and several analytical methods light microscopy, SEM/EDX, FTIR, and pyr-GC/MS have been evaluated and used for the analysis of traffic-derived particles. Further, a novel method, automated SEM/EDX single particle analysis coupled to a machine learning classifier, has been developed for the analysis of TWP and other traffic-derived particles (Paper III, implemented in Paper IV). The automated SEM/EDX determined the size, shape, surface texture, and elemental composition of the different particles, and was able to categorize the particles into several subclasses: TWP, bitumen, road markings, metals, organics, and minerals. The estimated absolute masses showed that the fine fraction (2‒20 µm) corresponds to more than 50w% of the TWP and bitumen wear particles independently of the sample matrix indicating that TWP can both affect the PM10 concentrations and be transported long distances through water and air (Paper IV). Further, it was concluded that the stormwater system is an important transport route for traffic-derived particles, especially since the road runoff in Sweden is not commonly treated prior to release to recipients. Street sweeping as a potential measure to prevent the spreading of TWP was evaluated in Paper I‒II. Even though the street sweeper collects considerable amounts of material containing high concentrations of TWP, metals, and organic pollutants, no clear reduction was detected neither on the road surface nor in the stormwater. Besides traffic-derived microplastics, Paper II analysed metals and organic pollutants. The results showed concentrations of metals, PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons exceeding the national guidelines. The result from this thesis contributes to an increased knowledge about the properties and composition of TWP as well as the occurrence of traffic-derived microplastics in different environments. The results can be used as validation against theoretical emissions and transport models. The results have also highlighted the importance of including fine particles (<20 µm) in forthcoming works.
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35.
  • Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 774
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16–C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
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36.
  • Karyotaki, Eirini, et al. (författare)
  • Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression : A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 78:4, s. 361-371
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: Personalized treatment choices would increase the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression to the extent that patients differ in interventions that better suit them.OBJECTIVE: To provide personalized estimates of short-term and long-term relative efficacy of guided and unguided iCBT for depression using patient-level information.DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to January 1, 2019.STUDY SELECTION: Eligible RCTs were those comparing guided or unguided iCBT against each other or against any control intervention in individuals with depression. Available individual patient data (IPD) was collected from all eligible studies. Depression symptom severity was assessed after treatment, 6 months, and 12 months after randomization.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We conducted a systematic review and IPD network meta-analysis and estimated relative treatment effect sizes across different patient characteristics through IPD network meta-regression.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores.RESULTS: Of 42 eligible RCTs, 39 studies comprising 9751 participants with depression contributed IPD to the IPD network meta-analysis, of which 8107 IPD were synthesized. Overall, both guided and unguided iCBT were associated with more effectiveness as measured by PHQ-9 scores than control treatments over the short term and the long term. Guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT (mean difference [MD] in posttreatment PHQ-9 scores, -0.8; 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.2), but we found no evidence of a difference at 6 or 12 months following randomization. Baseline depression was found to be the most important modifier of the relative association for efficacy of guided vs unguided iCBT. Differences between unguided and guided iCBT in people with baseline symptoms of subthreshold depression (PHQ-9 scores 5-9) were small, while guided iCBT was associated with overall better outcomes in patients with baseline PHQ-9 greater than 9.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this network meta-analysis with IPD, guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT for individuals with depression, benefits were more substantial in individuals with moderate to severe depression. Unguided iCBT was associated with similar effectiveness among individuals with symptoms of mild/subthreshold depression. Personalized treatment selection is entirely possible and necessary to ensure the best allocation of treatment resources for depression.
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37.
  • Kornalijnslijper-Altena, Renske, et al. (författare)
  • PREDIX II HER2 : Improving pre-operative systemic therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplified breast cancer (BC)
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 38:15 Suppl.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Neo-adjuvant systemic therapy (NAT) is the standard of care for most patients with early HER2-amplified and triple negative breast cancer (BC). Increasing the rate of pathological complete response (pCR) is highly meaningful for those patients, as pCR is strongly predictive for improved long-term disease-related outcomes. Clinical and preclinical evidence support the hypothesis that pCR-rates may be augmented by the addition of checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting the Programmed Death Ligand receptor 1 (PD-L1), to standard systemic NAT. Studies in different BC patient cohorts (e.g., IMPassion130, PANACEA, KATE2) have indicated that PD-L1 protein expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL’s) is a predictive marker for checkpoint inhibitor efficacy.Methods: We have initiated a phase II open-label, 2:1 randomized clinical trial where women with early HER2-amplified, PD-L1+ BC (cT2-3 and/or cN+) are treated with standard NAT (composed of anti-HER2 antibodies with a chemotherapy backbone of sequentially taxanes + carboplatin and epirubicin + cyclophosphamide [EC]) +/- atezolizumab during EC. N = 190 patients will be accrued in nine centers in Sweden to be able to demonstrate a 20% increase in pCR-rate, with a power of 80% and a two-sided alpha of 10%. Firstly, a prescreening is performed to select patients with a PD-L1 expression of > 1% on TIL’s. Important exclusion criteria are significant organ dysfunction and (with some exceptions) active auto-immune diseases. Extensive translational side-studies are performed to explore predictive markers for treatment efficacy, including clinicopathologic studies, molecular imaging and microbiome analyses, as well as monitoring of acute and chronic treatment-related toxicity, objective cognitive function and quality of life. As of February 11th, 4 patients have been prescreened and 1 enrolled in the trial. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03894007.
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38.
  • Löfvenborg, Josefin E., et al. (författare)
  • Interaction between gad65 antibodies and dietary fish intake or plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on incident adult-onset diabetes : The epic-interact study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 44:2, s. 416-424
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Islet autoimmunity is associated with diabetes incidence. We investigated whether there was an interaction between dietary fish intake or plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration with the 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) antibody positivity on the risk of developing adult-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used prospective data on 11,247 incident cases of adult-onset diabetes and 14,288 noncases from the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study conducted in eight European countries. Baseline plasma samples were analyzed for GAD65 antibodies and phospholipid n-3 PUFAs. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes in relation to GAD65 antibody status and tertiles of plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA or fish intake were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Additive (proportion attributable to interaction [AP]) and multiplicative interactions between GAD65 antibody positivity (≥65 units/mL) and low fish/n-3 PUFA were assessed. RESULTS: The hazard of diabetes in antibody-positive individuals with low intake of total and fatty fish, respectively, was significantly elevated (HR 2.52 [95% CI 1.76-3.63] and 2.48 [1.79-3.45]) compared with people who were GAD65 antibody negative and had high fish intake, with evidence of additive (AP 0.44 [95% CI 0.16-0.72] and 0.48 [0.24-0.72]) and multiplicative (P 5 0.0465 and 0.0103) interactions. Individuals with high GAD65 antibody levels (≥167.5 units/mL) and low total plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFAs had a more than fourfold higher hazard of diabetes (HR 4.26 [2.70-6.72]) and an AP of 0.46 (0.12-0.80) compared with antibody-negative individuals with high n-3 PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS: High fish intake or relative plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA concentrations may partially counteract the increased diabetes risk conferred by GAD65 antibody positivity.
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39.
  • Mattsson, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Tyre and road wear particles from source to sea
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Microplastics and Nanoplastics. - : Springer. - 2662-4966. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) are an important microplastics contributor to the environment, although direct observations along suggested pathways are virtually absent. There are concerns for both human health and ecosystems from TRWP exposure and leached chemicals. Due to great analytical challenges in detection and characterization, almost nothing is known about the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, fate and transport of TRWP in the environment. Diverse tyre types exist for different seasons and vehicle profiles, and their formulations are undisclosed proprietary information.Here we show TRWP dispersion in marine sediments, and a direct link between tyre formulation, tread hardness and TRWP emissions. Softer tyres with higher natural rubber and carbon black content generate higher particle wear. Sediment TRWP dominates the microplastics assemblage close to the city, while showing a much more steeply reducing concentration gradient with distance from the source, suggesting different transport behaviour compared to lower density microplastics. This implies that urbanized coastal ecosystems are impacted by the accumulating TRWP, with consequences for sediment ecosystems.
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40.
  • Mirzanamadi, Raheb, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Lateral Track Buckling in Sweden : Insights from Operators and Infrastructure Managers
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: CivilEng. - : MDPI. - 2673-4109. ; 5:1, s. 136-149
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rail transport is expected to become a key component in the development of a long-term sustainable transport system. The planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of railway infrastructure are crucial in this effort. Hence, it is essential to ascertain that the railway infrastructure withstands and is adapted to extreme weather conditions and climate change. This study focuses on evaluating climate adaptation measures for lateral track buckling in Sweden. Through a literature review and interview with an expert at Swedish Transport Administration, it is highlighted that the maintenance status of railway infrastructure plays a significant role in the occurrence of lateral track buckling. According to the expert, inadequate track maintenance is the primary cause of lateral track buckling rather than weather variables like air temperature. The interview also clarifies that the chain of events related to the handling of track buckling is mainly initiated by the observation of a discrete lateral irregularity by a train driver, whereupon the train dispatcher at the traffic management center stops traffic until the location in the track has been inspected by a track entrepreneur. During the inspection, up to half of the observed cases of track buckling turn out to be false.
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41.
  • Mourad, Khaldoon, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing flooding and possible adaptation measures using remote sensing data and hydrological modeling in Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0963. ; 38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, Europe is experiencing more frequent and greater floods compared to the last 500 years due to climate change among other factors. This has increased the associated risks, especially in urban areas, which poses a great challenge to all stakeholders. To protect traffic networks from possible floods, this paper uses QGIS, remote sensing data, and HEC-HMS model to assess flooding events and possible adaptation measures. Two case studies have been taken; 1) a 60-mm rainstorm that occurred in 2012 on a main road in the Northern part of Sweden (NB)); and 2) a 35-mm rainstorm that occurred in 2019 in the Southern part of Gothenburg (GO). The resulting flood hydrographs show that the peak reached are 0.5 m3/s and 3.8 m3/s in GO and NB, respectively. To adapt to these flood events, four adaptation measures were assessed namely afforestation, permeable pavements & green roofs, multi-use detention basins and culvert installation considering food production, biodiversity, prosperity, and the environment. The study has shown that afforestation is an effective flood risk mitigation measure to handle both moderate and extreme rain events. Well-maintained permeable surfaces and green roofs are effective in reducing flooding due to moderate rainfall, but not in reducing the impacts of extreme rainfall events. Well-designed multi-functional detention basins are good flood protection measures, however, if they are not well-maintained, their efficiency may be reduced by up to 90 %. Culverts are effective for frequent and limited rain events but extreme rain events may even increase flood risk and thereby contribute to damaging the infrastructure.
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42.
  • Nordin, Lina, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental Impact of Electric Road Systems : A Compilation of the literature review of Work Package 2 in the FOI-platform for Electrified Roads
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Swedish Government decided in 2017 to investigate different possibilities and challenges with implementing electrified roads in Sweden and since then, the Swedish Transport Administration has a program for investigations and research regarding electric road systems (ERS). The Research and Innovation Platform for Electrified Roads is part of this program and the present report is a compilation of the results derived regarding environmental impact of ERS from the work in work package two of this platform.The general concept of ERS is to deliver energy for charging and propulsion of vehicles while driving.The environmental aspects that are covered in this report are mainly focusing on particles, noise and electromagnetic field emissions. The information is attained from literature reviews and discussions with project leaders of demonstration projects for electrified roads in Sweden. Comparisons were made with similar existing techniques or concepts. The overall results indicate that more research is needed on environmental impact of ERS, mainly regarding particles from the wear of conductive ERSas well as on emissions of electromagnetic fields. It is for instance important to consider emissions from electromagnetic fields as early on in the development phase as possible as well as looking intothe standards that regulates or need to regulate these technologies in order for them to work properly together with other electrical devices on or close to the roads. Screening of electromagnetic fields is an alternative, which could become a costly solution if considered later on in the process.
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43.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Integrated assessment of management strategies for metal-contaminated dredged sediments : What are the best approaches for ports, marinas and waterways?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 716
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sediments in ports, marinas and waterways around the world are often contaminated with metals arising from anthropogenic activities. Regular dredging is needed to achieve an appropriate water depth and reduce the environmental impact of pollutants. The aim of this study was to develop an integrated assessment method for comparing various management strategies for dredged sediments at six case study sites in Sweden. Short- and long-term environmental impacts were investigated for different management approaches, including landfilling, deep-sea disposal, metal extraction in combination with the two aforementioned, and natural recovery (no dredging). The potential value of metals in the sediments was estimated using sediment metal contents and current metal prices. Additionally, an assessment of how metal extraction could result in lower management costs was carried out. The cost of the different management approaches was calculated and evaluated together with the corresponding environmental impacts. This study shows that there is a monetary value in dredged materials, in terms of metal content, and that the materials can potentially be used for metal extraction. Metal extraction may also help to reduce the management costs, as cleaner materials are cheaper to handle. The choice of metal recovery method is important in both monetary and environmental terms, potentially contributing to a circular economy. In the future, metal recovery may become more profitable, as technologies are improved, and due to probable increases in metal prices and landfill costs.
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44.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Low impact leaching agents as remediation media for organotin and metal contaminated sediments
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 282
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • All over the world, elevated levels of metals and the toxic compound tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products are found in sediments, especially close to areas associated with shipping and anthropogenic activities. Ports require regular removal of sediments. As a result, large volumes of often contaminated sediments must be managed. The aim of this study was to investigate enhanced leaching as a treatment method for organotin (TBT) and metal (Cu and Zn) contaminated marine sediments. Thus, enabling the possibility to reuse these cleaner masses e.g. in construction. In addition to using acid and alkaline leaching agents that extract the OTs and metals but reduce the management options post treatment, innovative alternatives such as EDDS, hydroxypropyl cellulose, humic acid, iron colloids, ultra-pure Milli-Q water, saponified tall oil (“soap”), and NaCl were tested. Organotin removal ranged from 36 to 75%, where the most efficient leaching agent was Milli-Q water, which was also the leaching agent achieving the highest removal rate for TBT (46%), followed by soap (34%). The TBT reduction accomplished by Milli-Q water and soap leaching enabled a change in Swedish sediment classification from the highest class to the second highest class. The highest reduction of Zn was in HPC leached samples (39% removal) and Cu in EDDS leached samples (33% removal). Although high metal and OT leaching were achieved, none of the investigated leaching agents are sufficiently effective for the removal of both metals and OTs. The results of this study indicate that leaching with ultra-clean water, such as Milli-Q water, may be sufficient to treat TBT contaminated sediments and potentially allow mass reuse. © 2021 The Authors
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45.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Removal of organotin compounds and metals from Swedish marine sediment using Fenton’s reagent and electrochemical treatment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:19, s. 27988-28004
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metal and tributyltin (TBT) contaminated sediments are problematic for sediment managers and the environment. This study is the first to compare Fenton’s reagent and electrochemical treatment as remediation methods for the removal of TBT and metals using laboratory-scale experiments on contaminated dredged sediment. The costs and the applicability of the developed methods were also compared and discussed. Both methods removed > 98% TBT from TBT-spiked sediment samples, while Fenton’s reagent removed 64% of the TBT and electrolysis 58% of the TBT from non-spiked samples. TBT in water phase was effectively degraded in both experiments on spiked water and in leachates during the treatment of the sediment. Positive correlations were observed between TBT removal and the added amount of hydrogen peroxide and current density. Both methods removed metals from the sediment, but Fenton’s reagent was identified as the most potent option for effective removal of both metals and TBT, especially from highly metal-contaminated sediment. However, due to risks associated with the required chemicals and low pH level in the sediment residue following the Fenton treatment, electrochemical treatment could be a more sustainable option for treating larger quantities of contaminated sediment.
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46.
  •  
47.
  • Norén, Anna, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • The effects of electrochemical pretreatment and curing environment on strength and leaching of stabilized/solidified contaminated sediment
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 31:4, s. 5866-5880
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Stabilization and solidification (S/S) is known to improve the structural properties of sediment and reduce contaminant mobility, enabling the utilization of dredged contaminated sediment. Further reduction of contaminants (e.g., tributyltin (TBT) and metals) can be done using electrochemical treatment prior to S/S and could potentially minimize contaminant leaching. This is the first study on how electrochemical pretreatment affects the strength and leaching properties of stabilized sediments. It also investigates how salinity and organic carbon in the curing liquid affect the stabilized sediment. 
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48.
  • Oscott, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Triple F Utvecklingsplan : Version 1
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Triple F (Fossil Free Freight) är ett nationellt forsknings- och innovationsprogram med syfte att utveckla kunskap som kan bidra till att minska godstransporternas växthusgasutsläpp i Sverige. Programmet finansieras av Trafikverket. I uppstartsfasen hösten 2018 till hösten 2020 genomförs fem s.k. etableringsprojekt som ska skapa en bas för arbetet:Systemövergripande uppföljningOmvärldsanalys LogistikOmvärldsanalys TeknikOmvärldsanalys PolicyUtvecklingsplanRapporten Triple F Utvecklingsplan har målsättningen att vara ett vägledande dokument för prioriteringar och projekt inom programmet samt att säkerställa att verksamheten inriktas på de mest relevanta forskningsfrågorna för att bidra till omställningen. För faktaunderlag till rapporten hänvisar vi till Triple F omvärldsanalyser och systemövergripande uppföljning.
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49.
  • Patrício, João, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • End-of-life tyres applications : technologies and environmental impacts
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The worldwide consumption of tyres is growing, with an estimated global tyre production of approximately 2.2 billion tons in 2019. Tyres may contain a large variety of chemical compounds and therefore must be managed properly. On the other hand, end-of-life tyres contain several unique characteristics that make them suitable for multiple applications. This report focuses on analyzing end-of- life tyre management in Europe in general and Sweden in particular. The study also investigates the recycling technologies available in the market to manage end-of-life tyres. Furthermore, the expected environmental impacts for end-of-life tyres, in general, are investigated. The study is done based on a literature review, which is complemented with information obtained from interviews with relevant actors. In Sweden, end-of-life tyres are a substantial waste flow, accounting for approximately 85,000 tons per year. Sixty-five percent of tyres in Sweden are used as an energy source for energy production or in the cement industry, 34% are reused or recycled and 1% are exported. The report presents several opportunities for the use of end-of-life tyres (or materials) highlighting the material versatility. Examples include the use of tyre shreds as lightweight material or the use of granulated rubber in applications such as asphalt or concrete production. Many of the presented applications have a high potential contribution to a more circular economy. However, there is a need to better brand the applications as well link different stakeholders. Regarding the environmental analysis, the use of these end-of-life tyres may reduce the need of several virgin materials and reduces energy use. The literature analysis of potential leaching and human and environmental risks are inconclusive and there is still a lack of knowledge regarding leaching, bioavailability, toxicity and the related human and environmental risks in different applications. While some studies have shown that the use of end-of-life tyres materials is safe for the environment, others have shown a potential release risk of metals and PAHs. Therefore, the implementation of scientifically and risk-based regulations that define substances limits for tyre-derived products would potentially help the acceptance and use of these materials by users and contractors. Particularly for applications in which the tyre-derived products might be in contact with sensitive groups in the population, e.g. children. The standardization of tyre-derived materials with specific physical and chemical characteristics could be a step forward to increase the production of high-quality materials. 
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50.
  • Patrício, João, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Hantering av uttjänta däck : tekniker och miljöpåverkan
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Förbrukningen av däck ökar i hela världen, och 2019 uppskattades den globala produktionen till cirka 2,2 miljarder ton. Däck innehåller olika kemikalier och måste därför vid återvinning hanteras på lämpligt sätt. Uttjänta däck har dock många unika egenskaper som gör dem lämpliga för flera olika applikationer. Denna rapport fokuserar på analys av hantering av uttjänta däck i Europa och speciellt i Sverige. I studien ingår att undersöka återvinningstekniker som finns på marknaden för att hantera uttjänta däck och deras förväntade miljöpåverkan. Studien baseras på en litteraturgenomgång som kompletterats med information från intervjuer med ett urval relevanta aktörer. I Sverige utgör uttjänta däck ett stort avfallsflöde på cirka 85 000 ton per år. Sextiofem procent av däcken i Sverige används som energikälla för energiproduktion eller inom cementindustrin, 9 procent används som sprängmattor, 25 procent för materialåtervinning och 1 procent exporteras. Mer än 20 möjligheter för användning av uttjänta däck (eller gummimaterialet) presenteras i rapporten, som till exempel användning av däckstrimlor som lättviktsmaterial och användning av granulerat gummi som tillsats i asfalt- eller betong. Många av de presenterade applikationerna bedöms ha en stor potential. Det finns dock ett behov av bättre marknadsföring av applikationer och bättre länkning mellan olika aktörer. Från miljöanalysen framgår att användningen av uttjänta däck minskar behovet av flera jungfruliga råvaror. Analysen av de miljö- och hälsoeffekter som beskrivs i litteraturen ger dock motstridiga resultat och dessutom finns mycket lite information och kunskap om lakbarhet, biotillgänglighet, toxicitet och relaterade risker för människor och miljö för de olika användningsområdena. Vissa studier har visat att användning av uttjänta däckmaterial inte är miljöfarligt, medan andra har visat på ett möjligt läckage av metaller och PAH. Vetenskapligt välunderbyggda riskbaserade gränsvärden för miljö- och hälsofarliga ämnen i granulerat gummi, kan bidra till större acceptans och användning, särskilt inom användningsområden där de däckbaserade produkterna kan komma i kontakt med känsliga grupper i befolkningen, till exempel barn. Standardisering av däckbaserade material med specifika fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper kan vara ett steg framåt för att öka produktionen av högkvalitativa material.
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