| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bolander, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Talent Management in a Collectivistic and Egalitarian Context : The Swedish Case
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Talent Management (TM) is currently on top of the HR agenda of managers all over the world. Still, TM research and writing has to a large extent been focused on multinational, US-based firms. Recent research has identified a need for empirical research on TM in other national and cultural contexts. The current study focuses on TM practices in the Swedish context which is characterized by collectivistic and egalitarian values at odds with the individualistic and elitist values of TM. Based on a study of 16 organizations, three approaches to TM are identified – a Humanistic approach, a Competitive approach and an Entrepreneurial approach. The three approaches are described and discussed in relation to the organizational and cultural context in which they were identified. Hereby, the paper contributes to a more context-specific understanding of TM, which has been called for in previous research.
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| 6. |
- Börjeson, Love, 1973-
(författare)
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Förtroendets Organiseringsmetod : samarbete, svek och dilemman
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Firms tend to engage in interorganizational relationships (IORs) to an increasingly large extent. IORs are however problematic. On one hand, they entail expectations of continued possibilities. On the other hand, they entail expectations of complete explicitness – business partners simply expect intentions to be transparent and fixed. Co-workers in IORs manage these expectations with trust: in the context of IORs, trust is both a promise of continued possibilities and explicitness. Continued possibilities require changeable intentions however, making explicitness hard to maintain. The given promise is consequently very hard to keep, and the result is accusations of betrayal. The management method of trust is comprised by dilemmas originating from a complex interplay between strong ideas about what to (and not to) do and the dynamics of IORs. This could be described as an interplay between ideology, cooperative situations and dilemmas of practice. Ideology is investigated using corpus linguistics and functional grammar applied on concordances extracted from academic articles about Trust and the contrasting terms Control and Betrayal. Cooperative situations are investigated using correspondence analysis applied on an indexed interview material. Underlying interviews concern IORs, and informants come from a broad sample reflecting different types of firms, industries and professions. Dilemmas of practice, finally, are represented by in-depth interviews with individuals whom possess rich experience of IORs. The interviews are transcribed in detail and analyzed using functional grammar. Results show that IORs are profoundly dilemmatic and that co-workers use trust as a mean to bridge the dilemmas of IORs. Result also reveals that dilemmas of IORs have an ambiguous quality; dilemmas are not just a problem that needs to be handled, but to an equal extent a resource that can be used for deliberation and decision. In the management method of trust, dilemmas are as inevitable as they are indispensable.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Furusten, Staffan, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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CSR och konsultsektorn : Vad erbjuds och av vilka?
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Företagsansvar - CSR som managementidé. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144068794 ; , s. 85-102
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Furusten, Staffan, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Det framväxande expertsamhället
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Expertsamhällets organisering. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144087085 ; , s. 15-26
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Furusten, Staffan, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Expertsamhällets organisering : okunskapens triumf?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Expertsamhällets organisering. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144087085 ; , s. 271-289
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi står mitt i framväxten av ett nytt expertsamhälle. Ett samhälle där organisationer blir allt mer beroende av externa experter för utvärdering, certifiering, rådgivning, kommunikation, rekrytering, investering, marknadsföring, inköp, utbildning, hållbar utveckling m.m. De nya experterna har dock otydliga kunskapsbaser, utbildning, erfarenheter och etiska riktlinjer. Det saknas även tydliga regler för auktorisation och strukturer för systematisk granskning.Hur kan vi som köpare, medarbetare, chefer och medborgare lita på de nya experterna? I boken diskuteras hur expertis organiseras på samhällsnivå och på marknader, hur den leds i organisationer och hur individer bygger trovärdighet som experter. Två olika principer för att säkerställa expertis identifieras: (1) utvecklandet av generella och mätbara utvärderingssystem där endast de som uppfyller formella krav accepteras i expertrollen samt (2) utvecklandet av informella lokala system som bygger på förtroende. En tendens är att det informella och svårmätbara hamnar i skymundan till förmån för det synliga och mätbara. Vi diskuterar vilka konsekvenser detta får för expertkunskapen. Riskerar vi att gå miste om den vardagliga och erfarenhetsbaserade kunskapen, och därmed främja ”okunskap” i vår jakt på tydlig och objektiv expertis?Med denna bok vill vi bidra till debatten om hur experter och expertis kan ledas och organiseras. Boken är intressant för medarbetare och ledare i kunskapsintensiva organisationer, samt för forskare, lärare och studenter på universitet och högskola.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hansson, Jörgen, 1943-
(författare)
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Köp av tjänster för ledningskompetens - en polyfonisk process
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis´ aim is to deepen the understanding about what shapes and characterises the purchase process for management advice services. Such externally, acquired services have increased substantially, and in relation to the services´ impact on management decisions the theoretical and practical understanding of the purchase process is lagging behind. The thesis´ analyses, interpretations and conclusions are founded on empirical data collected by use of focus groups, and based on activity theory. The findings show that the purchase process is influenced by many actors who see themselves as subject in the process. They have similar but also conflicting objects that they want to fulfil. The outcome of the purchase process is influenced by contradictory opinions among the actors about how to organize and supervise the process. The main contradictions are influenced by the actors´ different objects and how they interpret the context of the purchase process. The context is shaped by such as leadership style, social rules regarding management of change and opinions about division of labour in the purchase process. The impression of the purchase process´s character is that commonly used supply chain models do not work as a characterization. The purchase process´s phases do not follow on each other and the glue that links the phases is not a rational procedure following one, firm route. The findings show that procurement, integration and follow-up phases overlap, are concurrent and integrated in each other. The purchase process reproduces the execution of polyphonic music in which different voices, each with its own melody, create a rich texture of sounds. In a similar way the purchase process is coined by actors who bring their own objects and competence into the process. It produces dissonance, as in polyphonic music. It mirrors the services character of competence development and shapes the purchase process as polyphonic rather than a rational, step by step process.
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| 14. |
- Hellgren, Bo, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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The Reproduction of Efficiecy Theory : The Construction of the AstraZeneca Merger in the Public Discourse
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Business and Management. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1833-3850 .- 1833-8119. ; 6:5, s. 16-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mergers have become a generally accepted solution to a broad set of managerial problems in practice. However, research on mergers and acquisitions provides a rather sceptical view as to the success of mergers in solving business problems. The current paper aims at investigating the public discourse on mergers and acquisitions and its relation to the scientific discourse. The public discourse is studied by an analysis of Swedish media reports on the Astra Zeneca merger. More specifically we study the actors given voice in the discourse, the temporal evolution of the discourse and the arguments voiced. We conclude that the discourse is dominated by journalists, managers and financial analysts who all generate arguments based on a rather narrow “efficiency theoretical” basis. This is in conflict with current insights in research on mergers and acquisitions that has proposed more valid and complex models for understanding mergers. The reasons and consequences of this discrepancy between the public and the scientific discourses are discussed.
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| 15. |
- Iveroth, Einar, 1976-
(författare)
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Leading IT-Enabled Change Inside Ericsson : A Transformation Into a Global Network of Shared Service Centres
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to explore—from a managerial perspective—how IT-enabled change is designed, led, and sustained from-within an organisation. This is an issue of central concern because there is a considerable lack of research that directly incorporates IT in management and organisational change studies. In addition, earlier research has recurrently focused on abstract theorising, aggregated perspectives, and exploring organisational change from the outside, from-without. Consequently, the present body of research provides limited knowledge of how organisations in practice lead large-scale IT-enabled transformations. The thesis herein sets out to explore this question, and does so by following the change designers and agents of the telecommunications company Ericsson, that transformed its finance and accounting unit from a highly decentralised structure into a shared service centre structure (SSC) entitled: “The Global F&A Transformation Programme”. The formal transformation lasted three years, was enabled by an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, and was driven in the majority of Ericsson’s sub-units situated in more than 140 countries. Theoretically, this thesis addresses the research question: how do actors and structures influence large-scale IT-enabled change? The principal finding of the thesis is a four-stage analytical framework built on the concepts of common ground, common meaning, common interest, and common behaviour: The Commonality Framework for IT-enabled Change. The value of the framework is that it depicts the interplay between actors and structures on a micro-level. In doing so, the framework explains the different levels of complexity in a transformation and how they require different structures to be used, different activities to be performed, different skills to be applied, and different roles to be played. The framework can be used by both academics and practitioners to develop, assess, and improve IT-enabled change projects. In a broader perspective, the findings further suggest that change comes about as an upward spiral, within which the moving targets of IT and organisation are intimately interconnected. This reciprocal interconnectedness between IT and organisation across time implies that if changes are done to technological properties, this necessitates changes to the organisational properties, and vice versa. Organisations at the hands-on-level more or less have to change to make use of the IT-enabled advantages. Thus, successful IT-enabled change is more than the technology artefact per se, and requires thoughtful attentiveness not only to the technological and material side, but also to the organisational, social and human side of change. The theoretical contribution of this thesis is the in-depth exposition of different aspects and interplays between the properties of actors and structures from-within the organisation. The empirical contribution is the description of how contemporary multinational organisations initiate, lead, and sustain large-scale IT-enabled change.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Government agencies’ use of management consulting services in Sweden : An explorative study
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current paper investigates the use of management consultants in the Swedish public sector. Based on an analysis of the use of management consulting services in 55 Government agencies (GAs) in the years 2004-2011 the paper makes a number of contributions. First it confirms an overall growth of the use of consulting services in the public sector. However, it also shows that the use of consulting services and its growth are unevenly distributed across organizations, where GAs with a highly professionalized work force are less heavy users of consulting services than regular GAs. The study also points at temporal variations in GAs use of consulting services. Here changes in top management, especially the CEO, are identified as initiators of temporary reductions of the use of consulting services.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Purchasing professional services : A transaction cost view of the antecedents and consequences of purchasing formalization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501. ; 43:5, s. 840-849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional services represent an increasing share of expenditures in contemporary organizations. While these services are often of strategic importance, they are also perceived as being difficult to purchase and use, which creates challenges for the purchasing process. In order to address these challenges, organizations are increasingly engaging in systematic efforts to improve their ability to purchase professional services. These efforts focus on formalizing the purchasing process by introducing policies, guidelines, and other measures for the hiring of service suppliers. Based on a transaction cost economic framework, the current paper investigates the nature, antecedents and consequences of formalization initiatives in the purchasing of professional services. The results from a cross-sectional study of 76 large Swedish organizations show that the formalization of purchasing professional services takes two different forms: the formulation of policies and the establishment of preferred supplier agreements. The former is driven by company size, whereas the latter is driven by the frequency of purchase transactions. Only the establishment of policies, however, is found to be positively related to organizations' perceived ability to purchase professional services. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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The uncertain management consulting services client
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Studies of Management and Organization. - : ME Sharpe. - 0020-8825. ; 43:3, s. 22-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Management consultants are often said to be in the business of uncertainty reduction. By providing knowledge, expertise, simplifying views of reality, or affirming the managerial role, they are argued to reduce managers' anxiety and uncertainty. At the same time there are indications that the actual use of consultants creates uncertainties for the client. The current study sets out to explore these uncertainties created by the use of consultants. Based on interviews with high level managers, four types of clients are identified: the Controlling Client, the Instrumental Client, the Trustful Client and the Ambivalent Client. These clients have different views of the use of management consultants and the uncertainties involved in hiring and managing them. The article contributes to a nuanced and empirically grounded understanding of the uncertainties involved in the use of management consultants. This understanding questions universalistic images of client uncertainties deriving from stable characteristics of the service. The article suggests that client uncertainties should, rather, be viewed as a central aspect of the complex interplay between individual managers, consultants, and their organizational contexts.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Schilling, Annika, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding professionals' reactions to strategic change : the role of threatened professional identities
- 2012
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Ingår i: Service Industries Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 32:8, s. 1229-1245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article develops and demonstrates the utility of a framework for understanding professionals' reactions to strategic change in professional service firms as an interplay between a strategic intent, its manifestation in organizational roles and practices and its fit with existing professional identities. The application of the framework with three case studies shows that strategic changes may threaten different aspects of professional identities (self-enhancement, self-continuity and self-distinctiveness) which in turn tends to lead to different kinds of resistance from the professionals (exit, voice for opposition or voice for renegotiation). The article also links these different reactions to the locus of identification of professionals, which may be either ‘local’ or ‘cosmopolitan’.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Sieweke, J, et al.
(författare)
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The cultural embeddedness of professional service purchasing : A comparative study of German and Swedish companies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. - : Elsevier. - 1478-4092. ; 20:4, s. 273-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on professional service purchasing generally takes a culturally universalistic approach, implicitly assuming the generalizability of research findings and normative models to different cultural contexts. However, research in related disciplines points to the influence of national culture on managers' decisions, thereby questioning the culturally universalistic approach. The purpose of this paper is to explore differences in professional service purchasing in different cultural contexts. Based on a survey of large organizations, we analyze how the purchasing process for a specific type of professional services - management consulting services - is organized in two cultural contexts (i.e. Germany and Sweden). The results indicate that organizations in Germany and Sweden differ in the way they approach key aspects of the purchasing process. These differences are discussed in relation to two central cultural dimensions - uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity - in which Germany and Sweden take very different positions. It is proposed that uncertainty avoidance mainly influences the first steps in the purchasing process (specify, select and contract) whereas masculinity-femininity mainly influences the remaining steps (order, expedite and evaluate). The paper contributes to the purchasing and supply management literature by empirically illustrating differences in purchasing practices in different cultural contexts and developing theory-driven propositions for the influence of national culture on the professional service purchasing process.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Vaigur, Peter, 1978-
(författare)
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Samarbete mellan individualister : Reklamproduktion i prat och praktik
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this dissertation lies in the complicated power struggle between supplier and client in knowledge work; the orchestration of the collaboration’s interaction process in a socially and politically relevant way; and the construction, management and maintenance of various images of collaboration – “the asymmetrical”, where one of the parties dominates, and “the symmetrical”, where both parties are on equal footing. The dissertation shows when, where, how and why the orchestration of the interaction process works.In order to answer the research questions, the development of advertising campaigns is examined, creating an example of contemporary work and knowledge work. More particularly, one of Sweden’s larger advertising agencies (Reklambyrån) is examined, when they produce advertising together with three of their clients (Dagligvaran, Kapitalvaran and Klädföretaget). The various types of data material consist of forty-one (41) interviews (or talk about), eighty-six (86) meeting observations (or talk in) and twenty-five (25) shadowings (or practice). The data collection was conducted over a time period of 70 weeks.The dissertation considers knowledge work in general and advertising production in particular as a balancing act between distance and proximity. One creates advertising, but also – or perhaps mainly? – one manages the relationship with both the co-workers and the counterpart in terms of distance and proximity; with the co-workers in terms of individual-collective and with the counterpart in terms of asymmetrical-symmetrical. The examined work is, as implied in the title of the dissertation, a collaboration between “individualists”, in other words people who maintain an arm’s length between themselves and both their co-workers and their counterpart, at least in theory/talk. A theory/talk that is hard to maintain in practice.“The individual” in relation to the co-workers and “the asymmetrical” in relation to the counterpart, in other words the distance, is created for legitimacy reasons, whilst “the collective” in relation to the co-workers and “the symmetrical” in relation to the counterpart, in other words the proximity, is created for efficiency reasons. The advertising, in turn, is created in the stress field between these two forces.
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| 33. |
- Werr, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Det framväxande nya expertsamhället
- 2012
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Ingår i: Expertsamhällets organisering : Okunskapens triumf? (Häftad). - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144087085
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Werr, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Developing researching managers and relevant research - the 'executive research programme'
- 2014
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Ingår i: Innovations in Education and Teaching International. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1470-3297 .- 1470-3300. ; 51:4, s. 411-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current paper argues for bridging the 'relevance gap' in management research and education by creating educational programmes that bring together experienced managers and management researchers. In the 'Executive Research Programme' discussed in this paper, managers were paired up with researchers to conduct a collaborative research project that resulted in a paper presented at an academic conference. The collaborative process was supported by 20 course days on topics such as the philosophy of science, methodology and overviews over the core disciplines of management science. This paper presents the programme and discusses experiences of the involved researchers and managers. The results suggest that programmes of this kind may provide a liminal space for managers and researchers where new and relevant knowledge is developed. © 2013 TaylorXX1Francis.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Werr, Andreas
(författare)
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Knowledge Integration as Heedful Interrelating : Towards a Behavioral Approach to Knowledge Management in Professional Service Firms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in Professional Services. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848446267 ; , s. 23-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Professional service firms (PSFs) may be conceptualized as distributed knowledge systems (Grant, 1996a, 1996b; Tsoukas, 1996), consisting of a dispersed set of professionals all possessing potentially valuable knowledge for the creative solution of a specific client problem. A central logic of the PSF is the integration and leveraging of the accumulated knowledge and experience of its professionals. It is by combining the knowledge and experience of different professionals from different assignments that PSFs create value for their clients (Hargadon, 1998). This value will typically be based on some degree of creativity, as a defining characteristic of PSFs is their involvement in non-routine, problem solving activities (Løwendahl, 2005; SwartXX1Kinnie, 2003). Hargadon and Bechky (2006: 487), studying different kinds of consulting firms, conclude that “arriving at a creative solution was not a deviation from expected routine but rather was the expected routine.” Bringing together and leveraging this dispersed knowledge is thus a key competitive capability of the professional service firm (Sarvary, 1999). Previous research has typically dealt with this issue under the label of “knowledge management” (KM), and especially the management consulting industry has become a showcase of knowledge management in practice (e.g. Bartlett, 1996; Perepu, 2007). There are an abundance of definitions of knowledge management, but overall it is about ensuring that knowledge, experience and skills dispersed among individuals throughout the organization are made available beyond these individuals. It is about “providing point of need knowledge” (Aaron, 2009: 35); “capturing and providing access to . . . collective experience” (OfekXX1Sarvary, 2001: 1442) or “capturing, codifying, and transferring knowledge across the organization in order to create business value or achieve competitive advantages” (Deng, 2008: 175).
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| 38. |
- Werr, Andreas
(författare)
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Knowledge Management and Management Consulting
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Management Consulting. - New York : Oxford University Press. - 9780191749476 - 9780199235049 ; , s. 247-266
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Knowledge management (KM) has been considered a challenge in management consulting firms since the early 1990s. This article discusses KM in management consulting and reviews some of the related literature. It presents some definitions of KM and studies four main issues that are found within the existing literature. It notes that these four issues and the order they are presented show a crude and intersecting timeline of the entire development of research on KM. As a result, this article concludes with some suggestions for future research on KM in management consulting.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Werr, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The co-consumption of management ideas and practices
- 2011
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Ingår i: Management Learning. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1461-7307 .- 1350-5076. ; 42:2, s. 139-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does the impact of the growing management knowledge industry on management and organizational practice take shape? In answering this question, the article aims to address some key shortcomings in the productionist view that dominates the present literature on management ideas and practices by developing the concept of co-consumption. The three articles that comprise this special issue not only give voice to consumers of management knowledge as a neglected actor in the field, but also provide important insights into the complexities and dynamics of co-consumption by (1) moving the discussion beyond conceptualizations of consumption as merely a matter of implementing a management idea, (2) pointing to the limited influence of knowledge entrepreneurs in defining management and organizational practice, and (3) presenting a more dynamic and differentiated conceptualization of the management knowledge consumer. On the basis of these articles we develop some fruitful areas for further research.
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| 46. |
- Werr, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the role of representation in interorganizational knowledge integration : A case study of an IT outsourcing project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Learning Organization, The. - : Emerald. - 0969-6474. ; 20:2, s. 118-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The current paper aims at contributing to the understanding of interorganizational knowledge integration by highlighting the role of individuals' understandings of the task and how they shape knowledge integrating behaviours. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents a framework of knowledge integration as heedful interrelating. Knowledge integration is conceptualized as help seeking, help giving and reflective reframing, and the paper discusses how these knowledge integrating behaviors are shaped by actors' representations of the situation and their role in it. The framework is illustrated and refined in relation to a qualitative case study of an IT outsourcing project. Findings: Narrow and separating representations of actors' roles, partly based on institutionalized ideas of the proper behaviors of "buyers" and "suppliers", impede knowledge integration. Such representations render the knowledge integrating behaviors help seeking, help giving and reflective reframing illegitimate. Research limitations/implications: Results call for attention to actors' representations of the situation and their role in it in order to understand knowledge integration. The interorganizational setting, with its institutionalized roles, provides unique challenges that need to be investigated further. As findings are based on a single case study, further research needs to extend the findings to other kinds of interorganizational collaboration. Originality/value: The paper adds to the understanding of interorganizational knowledge integration by drawing attention to the importance of individual actors' representations and behaviors. Hereby, the dominant organizational and network levels of analysis in the literature on interorganizational knowledge integration are complemented by an individual level of analysis.
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| 47. |
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