| 1. |
- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol and type 2 diabetes : The role of socioeconomic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:4, s. 408-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: We investigate (a) alcohol consumption in association with type 2 diabetes, taking heavy episodic drinking (HED), socioeconomic, health and lifestyle, and psychosocial factors into account, and (b) whether a seemingly protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on type 2 diabetes persists when stratified by occupational position.METHODS: This population-based longitudinal cohort study comprises 16,223 Swedes aged 18-84 years who answered questionnaires about lifestyle, including alcohol consumption in 2002, and who were followed-up for self-reported or register-based diabetes in 2003-2011. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model for all participants and stratified by high and low occupational position. We adjusted for HED, socioeconomic (occupational position, cohabiting status and unemployment), health and lifestyle (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, smoking, physical inactivity, poor general health, anxiety/depression and psychosocial (low job control and poor social support) characteristics one by one, and the sets of these factors.RESULTS: Moderate consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes after controlling for health and lifestyle (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.29-0.79) and psychosocial factors (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.22-0.79) when compared to non-drinkers. When adjusting for socioeconomic factors, there was still an inverse but non-significant association (OR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.35-1.00). In those with high occupational position, there was no significant association between moderate consumption and type 2 diabetes after adjusting for socioeconomic (OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.3-1.52), health and lifestyle (OR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.32-1.5), and psychosocial factors (OR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.23-2.46). On the contrary, in those with low occupational position, ORs decreased from 0.55 (95% CI: 0.28-1.1) to 0.35 (95% CI: 0.15-0.82) when adjusting for psychosocial factors, a decrease that was solely due to low job control. HED did not influence any of these associations.CONCLUSIONS: Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, after adjusting for HED, health and lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics. The association was inverse but non-significant after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. When stratified by occupational position, there was an inverse association only in those with low occupational position and after adjusting for low job control.
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| 5. |
- Barth, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Healaflow(®)) as a novel vitreous substitute
- 2016
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Ingår i: Graefe's Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer. - 0721-832X .- 1435-702X. ; 254:4, s. 697-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Vitrectomy requires the substitution of the natural vitreous, as well as tamponading of retinal breaks. Clinically available alternatives such as gas and silicone oil have side effects such as inflammation, secondary glaucoma, cataract, and a need for head posturing. In this study, a hydrogel of cross-linked sodium hyaluronic acid (Healaflow(®)) is evaluated for use as a novel vitreous substitute.Methods: A combined 25-20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment was performed in the right eye of twelve pigmented rabbits, with subsequent injection of approximately 1 ml Healaflow(®). Clinical evaluation, measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), and full-field ERG were performed postoperatively. The rabbits were sacrificed at different time-points between 42 and 105 days. After enucleation, the eyes were examined macroscopically, photographed, and prepared for histological examination with routine microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Results: Healaflow(®) was successfully used with standard surgical procedures and remained translucent but did lose most of its viscosity during the postoperative period. One rabbit was lost due to unrelated causes. In two eyes iatrogenic partial retinal detachments were seen, and in two eyes significant cataract developed due to intra-operative complications. ERG-recordings revealed no toxic effect on rod or cone function. Routine microscopy and immunohistochemistry demonstrated normal morphology with some Müller cell activation (up-regulation of glial acidic fibrillary protein, GFAP) compared to unoperated eyes and no significant DNA-fragmentation (TUNEL-assay).Conclusions: Healaflow® did not affect retinal morphology or function negatively during long-term use as a vitreous substitute, making it highly interesting in this setting. An estimated retention time of a few weeks suggests potential for use as a short-term tamponade. Future work will include an increased ratio of cross-linking to prolong the structural integrity of the gel.
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| 6. |
- Edvardsson Björnberg, Karin, Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Consistent risk regulation? Differences in the European regulation of food crops
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 22:12, s. 1561-1570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the EU legal system, there is a large difference between the procedures and requirements for the introduction of crops that are classified as genetically modified (GM) and crops not so classified. In order to investigate whether this regulatory divide is compatible with real risks two cases of GM crops and two cases of non-GM crops are scrutinized. It is concluded that the regulatory divide cannot be justified from the viewpoint of risk assessment, since the GM/non-GM dichotomy is not an accurate indicator of either health risk or environmental risk. Much better such indicators are available and should form the basis of a legislation aimed at preventing the introduction of crops that are harmful for human health or the environment. If the legislator has other reasons to regulate GM crops differently than conventional crops, then those reasons should be stated in the legislation and determine the types of measures that it prescribes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hallgren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity as treatment for alcohol use disorders (FitForChange) : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Help-seeking for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is low and traditional treatments are often perceived as stigmatizing. Physical activity has positive effects on mental and physical health which could benefit this population. We propose to compare the effects of aerobic training, yoga, and usual care for AUDs in physically inactive Swedish adults.METHODS: This is a three-group, parallel, single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT). In total, 210 adults (aged 18-75 years) diagnosed with an AUD will be invited to participate in a 12-week intervention. The primary study outcome is alcohol consumption measure by the Timeline Follow-back method and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Secondary outcomes include: depression, anxiety, perceived stress, sleep quality, physical activity levels, fitness, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and cognition. Blood samples will be taken to objectively assess heavy drinking, and saliva to measure cortisol. Acute effects of exercise on the urge to drink alcohol, mood, and anxiety will also be assessed.DISCUSSION: The treatment potential for exercise in AUDs is substantial as many individuals with the disorder are physically inactive and have comorbid health problems. The study is the first to assess the effects of physical activity as a stand-alone treatment for AUDs. Considerable attention will be given to optimizing exercise adherence. Both the feasibility and treatment effects of exercise interventions in AUDs will be discussed. The Ethical Review Board (EPN) at Karolinska Institutet has approved the study (DNR: 2017/1380-3).TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register, ID: DRKS00012311. Registered on 26 September 2017.
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| 9. |
- Hammarberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Medberoende bör inte bli en diagnos
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alkohol & Narkotika. ; 2018-09-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Web-Based Self-Help for Problematic Alcohol Use : a Large Naturalistic Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, SI, s. 749-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This observational study examined user characteristics, intervention use patterns, and variables associated with reductions in alcohol consumption for anonymous Internet help-seekers using a Web-based self-help program.A Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program with eight modules delivered over 10 weeks was offered to participants with at least hazardous use of alcohol according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (n = 4165). At baseline and 10-week follow-up, participants completed the Timeline-followback (TLFB), AUDIT, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF), Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ), and Readiness Ruler. Follow-up completers and non-completers were compared at baseline, and follow-up completer outcomes were reported. Predictors of change in drinking behavior were evaluated at follow-up.Registered users were 41.88 years old on average (SD = 12.36), and 52 % were women; the mean baseline number of drinks during the past week was 27.27 (SD = 17.92) with 62 % in the AUDIT category of probable dependence and only 7 % having low-risk consumption according to public health guidelines. At follow-up (n = 1043), 53 % showed a clinically significant change to a lower level of alcohol use (chi(2) = 254.403, p < 0.001); the mean alcohol consumption fell (t = 22.841, p < 0.001) and the proportion with low-risk consumption rose to 40 %. Being male, scoring higher on baseline readiness, completing the program, and accessing other support predicted low-risk drinking and clinically significant change to a lower level of alcohol use at follow-up.A publicly available Web-based program for managing problematic alcohol use attracted users with considerable alcohol- and health-related problems, which were changed to lower severity for follow-up completers.
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| 11. |
- Lindner, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Combining online Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) with a parent-training programme for parents with partners suffering from alcohol use disorder : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 8:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Partners and children of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with impaired quality of life and mental health, yet seldom seek or participate in traditional supportive interventions. Engaging the parent/partner without AUD in treatment is a promising way of supporting behavioural change in both the child and the parent with AUD. Universal parent-training (PT) programmes are effective in increasing children’s well-being and decreasing problem behaviours, but have yet to be tailored for children with a parent with AUD. Community Reinforcement Approach And Family Training (CRAFT) programmes are conceptually similar, and aim to promote behavioural change in individuals with AUD by having a concerned significant other change environmental contingencies. There has been no study on whether these two interventions can be combined and tailored for partners of individuals with AUD with common children, and delivered as accessible, online self-help.Methods and analysis: n=300 participants with a child showing mental health problems and partner (co-parent) with AUD, but who do not themselves present with AUD, will be recruited from the general public and randomised 1:1 to either a four-module, online combined PT and CRAFT programme or a psychoeducation-only comparison intervention. Primary outcome will be the child’s mental health. Additional outcomes will cover the partner’s drinking, the participants own mental health and drinking, the child’s social adjustment, treatment seeking in all three parties and parental self-efficacy. Measures will be collected preintervention, mid-intervention and postintervention, and three times during a 2-year follow-up period. Data will be analysed using mixed-effects modelling.Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Stockholm Regional Ethical Review Board (2016/2179-31). The results will be presented at conferences and published as peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration number: ISRCTN38702517; Pre-results.
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| 12. |
- Lindner, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Combining online community reinforcement and family training with a parent training program for parents with partners suffering from alcohol use disorder : Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Partners and children of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present impaired quality of life and mental health, yet seldom seek or participate in traditional supportive interventions. Engaging the parent/partner without AUD in treatment is a promising way of supporting behavior change in both the child and the parent with AUD. Universal parent training (PT) programs are effective in increasing children´s well-being and decreasing problem behaviors, but have yet to be tailored for children with a parent with AUD. Community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) programs are conceptually similar, and aim to promote behavior change in individuals with AUD by having a concerned significant other change environmental contingencies. There has been no study on whether these two interventions can be combined and tailored for partners of individuals with AUD with common children, and delivered as accessible, online self-help. Methods and analysis: N=300 participant who share a child showing mental health problems with a person with AUD, but do not present AUD themselves, will be recruited from the general public and randomized 1:1 to either a four-module, online combined PT and CRAFT program, or a psychoeducation-only comparison intervention. Primary outcome will be the child’s mental health. Additional outcomes will cover the partner’s drinking, the participants own mental health and drinking, the child’s social adjustment, treatment-seeking in all three parties, and parental self-efficacy. Measures will be collected pre-, mid- and post-intervention, and three times during a two-year follow-up period. Data will be analyzed using mixed effects modeling. Trial status: This trial is currently recruiting.
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| 13. |
- Nilsson, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Related Harm of a Community-Based Prevention Intervention With National Support in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 53:3, s. 412-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In order to strengthen local alcohol prevention work in Sweden the Swedish government has for the past almost 15years commissioned the Public Health Agency of Sweden to initiate a series of community-based alcohol prevention projects. The latest of these, labeled local development with ambitions (LUMA), included 25 municipalities in Sweden. Objectives: Aim of this study is to examine if LUMA municipalities that received financial support, with requirements, increased local alcohol prevention and if alcohol consumption and harm declined. Methods: Twenty-five Swedish municipalities that received financial support aiming to strengthen local alcohol preventing activities (intervention group) were compared to municipalities that did not receive such support (control group, N = 224), before, during, and after the intervention period. Two composite measures of policy and activity were created and used. The composite activity measure includes seven activity indicators and the composite policy measure includes six policy indicators. Harm measures have been selected based on several recommended indicators for monitoring alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in Sweden. A fixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The results reveal that prevention activities increased and several alcohol-related harm indicators were reduced in intervention municipalities (LUMA) compared with in control municipalities. Conclusions: It seems as if financial support, combined with specific requirements and support from the regional and national level, can stimulate local alcohol prevention activities and have a significant effect on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm. Similar evaluations in other countries would be of great value for assessing the generalizability of findings.
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| 14. |
- Rex, Emma, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Tailored for decision – Knowing your target group prior to adaptation
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life cycle thinking is but one perspective - if at all considered -, in everyday business decisions throughout the organization; in the selection of suppliers, in the strategy of new product ranges, and, in what information is chosen to be highlighted to the customers. Tradeoffs are constantly made between e.g. environment, quality, price and other company goals. Before any successful adaptation and visualization of life cycle information, it is important for internal life cycle experts to identify and understand how other functions of the company perceive and value life cycle information in their specific working situations.To get a better understanding of these internal users of life cycle information, life cycle experts in four multinational companies (Akzo Nobel, Vattenfall, Volvo Cars, Volvo Group) have joined forces with researchers in life cycle management and behavioral science to create a graphical map of how life cycle information is spread and used in different parts of an organization. The aim of the map is to be used as a basis for discussions and recommendations on how to tailor life cycle information in order to support decision making throughout a company.The map is constructed by combining a) inventories on how quantitative data seeks its way to internal users through databases, reports and KPIs, with b) qualitative interviews on goal framing and decision weights of e.g. environmental and economic information. As a result, the map illustrates both the “physical” flows of life cycle information and the “cognitive logics” of this information for different users (e.g. how values, attitudes and norms influence the target groups’ likelihood of including life cycle information in their decision processes).Based on the map, each company can identify and discuss who the main users of life cycle information are and what premises for life cycle thinking these users have: In what decision making situation is, or can, life cycle information be used? How is the information understood? What other sources of information and rationales for decisions are used in parallel to, or in conflict with, LCA-results?Initial analyses on the usefulness of the map point to a better understanding of how life cycle experts can tailor information for decisions in different parts of the company, as well as on its usefulness in illustrating to people outside of the environmental departments the widespread use of life cycle information that already exist in the company. The latter is not least important for creating an understanding in how the organization respond to ongoing external pressure to focus more on a life cycle approach, e.g. new requirements in ISO 14001, new EU Directives on public procurement and current EU work to establish a common LCA methodology.
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| 15. |
- Sherk, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Consumption and the Physical Availability of Take-Away Alcohol : Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of the Days and Hours of Sale and Outlet Density
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 79:1, s. 58-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were completed studying the effect of changes in the physical availability of take-away alcohol on per capita alcohol consumption. Previous reviews examining this topic have not focused on off-premise outlets where take-away alcohol is sold and have not completed meta-analyses. Method: Systematic reviews were conducted separately for policies affecting the temporal availability (days and hours of sale) and spatial availability (outlet density) of take-away alcohol. Studies were included up to December 2015. Quality criteria were used to select articles that studied the effect of changes in these policies on alcohol consumption with a focus on natural experiments. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to produce the estimated effect of an additional day of sale on total and beverage-specific consumption. Results: Separate systematic reviews identifi ed seven studies regarding days and hours of sale and four studies regarding density. The majority of articles included in these systematic reviews, for days/hours of sale (7/7) and outlet density (3/4), concluded that restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol reduces per capita alcohol consumption. Meta-analyses studying the ef-fect of adding one additional day of sale found that this was associated with per capita consumption increases of 3.4% (95% CI [2.7, 4.1]) for total alcohol, 5.3% (95% CI [3.2, 7.4]) for beer, 2.6% (95% CI [1.8, 3.5]) for wine, and 2.6% (95% CI [2.1, 3.2]) for spirits. The small number of included studies regarding hours of sale and density precluded meta-analysis. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that decreasing the physical availability of take-away alcohol will decrease per capita consumption. As decreasing per capita consumption has been shown to reduce alcohol-related harm, restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol would be expected to result in improvements to public health.
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| 16. |
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Svenskans beskrivning 35 : förhandlingar vid trettiofemte sammankomsten. Göteborg 11–13 maj 2016
- 2017
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sedan 1963 har det vid olika universitet i Sverige och Finland regelbundet arrangerats sammankomster för svenskans beskrivning. Forskningsprojekt och forskningsresultat om svenska språket har presenterats och diskuterats.Den trettiofemte sammankomsten ägde rum den 11–13 maj 2016 i Göteborg och samlade ca 160 deltagare. Konferensen anordnades av Institutionen för svenska språket vid Göteborgs universitet. Det övergripande temat för sammankomsten var Ord och detta belystes i 68 presentationer – plenarföredrag, sektionsföredrag, posterpresentationer och workshoppar. I denna volym finns två av plenarföredragen och 26 av de övriga presentationerna publicerade.
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| 18. |
- Westerlind, Helga, et al.
(författare)
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Dense genotyping of immune-related loci identifies HLA variants associated with increased risk of collagenous colitis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 66:3, s. 421-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Collagenous colitis (CC) is a major cause of chronic non-bloody diarrhoea, particularly in the elderly female population. The aetiology of CC is unknown, and still poor is the understanding of its pathogenesis. This possibly involves dysregulated inflammation and immune-mediated reactions in genetically predisposed individuals, but the contribution of genetic factors to CC is underinvestigated. We systematically tested immune-related genes known to impact the risk of several autoimmune diseases for their potential CC-predisposing role.DESIGN: Three independent cohorts of histologically confirmed CC cases (N=314) and controls (N=4299) from Sweden and Germany were included in a 2-step association analysis. Immunochip and targeted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data were produced, respectively, for discovery and replication purposes. Classical human leucocyte antigen (HLA) variants at 2-digit and 4-digit resolution were obtained via imputation from single marker genotypes. SNPs and HLA variants passing quality control filters were tested for association with CC with logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and country of origin.RESULTS: Forty-two markers gave rise to genome-wide significant association signals, all contained within the HLA region on chromosome 6 (best p=4.2×10(-10) for SNP rs4143332). Among the HLA variants, most pronounced risk effects were observed for 8.1 haplotype alleles including DQ2.5, which was targeted and confirmed in the replication data set (p=2.3×10(-11); OR=2.06; 95% CI (1.67 to 2.55) in the combined analysis).CONCLUSIONS: HLA genotype associates with CC, thus implicating HLA-related immune mechanisms in its pathogenesis.
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