| 1. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Results from AMANDA
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings, 9th International Workshop, Venice, Italy, March 6-9, 2001. Vol. 1, 2. ; , s. 569-580
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Plant odor analysis of apple : Antennal response of codling moth females to apple volatiles during phenological development
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 49:8, s. 3736-3741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volatile compounds were collected from apple branches (Malus domestica) at different developmental stages, and the antennal response of codling moth females (Cydia pomonella) to these compounds was recorded by electroantennography coupled to gas chromatography. Presence of a range of terpenoid compounds, many of which had antennal activity, was characteristic for volatile collections from branches with leaves, and from small green apples. Nine compounds from branches with leaves and green fruit consistently elicited an antennal response: methyl salicylate, (E)-beta -farnesene, fi-caryophyllene, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, (Z)3-hexenol, (Z,E)-alpha -farnesene, linalool, germacrene D, and (EE)-alpha -farnesene. The bouquet emitted from flowering branches contained in addition several benzenoid compounds which were not found after bloom. Small green apples, which are the main target of codling moth oviposition during the first seasonal flight period, released very few esters. In comparison, fully grown apples released a large number of esters, but fewer terpenoids. The study of apple volatiles eliciting an antennal response, together with a survey of the seasonal change in the release of these compounds, is the first step toward the identification of volatiles mediating host-finding and oviposition in codling moth females.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sandén, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Limiting factors in Escherichia coli fed-batch production of recombinant proteins
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 0006-3592 .- 1097-0290. ; 81:2, s. 158-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fed-batch production of recombinant beta-galactosidase in E. coli was studied with respect to the specific growth rate at induction. The cultivations were designed to induce protein production by IPTG at a glucose feed rate corresponding to high (mu = 0.5 h(-1)) or low (mu = 0.1 h(-1)) specific growth rate. Protein production rate was approximately 100% higher at the higher specific growth rate, resulting in the accumulation of beta-galactosidase up to 30% of the total cell protein. Transcription analysis showed that beta-galactosidase-specific messenger RNA was immediately formed after induction (<5 min), but the amount was the same in both cases and was thus not the initial limiting factor. The content of ribosomes, as represented by rRNA, rapidly decreased with specific growth rate from a relative level of 100%, at the high specific growth rate, to 20% at the low specific growth rate. At high specific growth rate, ribosomes were additionally degraded upon induction due to the high production level. Translation therefore seemed to be the initial limiting factor of the protein synthesis capacity. The alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate increased at both high and low feed level inductions, indicating an induction-forced starvation of charged tRNA and/or glucose. The altered physiological status was also detected by the formation of acetic acid. However, the higher production rate resulted in high-level accumulation of acetic acid, which was absent at low feed rate production. Acetic acid production is thus coupled to the high product formation rate and is proposed to be due either to a precursor drain of Krebs cycle intermediates and a time lag before induction of the glyoxalate shunt, or to single amino acid overflow, since the model product is relatively poor in glycin and alanin. In conclusion, it is proposed that production at high specific growth rate becomes precursor-limited, while production at low specific growth rate is carbon- and/or energy-limited.
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| 6. |
- Wills, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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A novel electronic configuration of the 5f states in delta-plutonium as revealed by the photo-electron spectra
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 135:2-3, s. 163-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a theoretical model, the mixed-level model, aiming at describing metals with very complex, strongly correlated, electronic structures. As a demonstration, it is applied to the electronic structure of delta-Pu. The model reproduces the electronic-structure related properties of this complex metal; in particular, the theory is capable of reproducing the valence band photoemission spectrum of delta-Pu. We also report new experimental photoemission spectra at several photon energies. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that the electronic structure of delta-Pu involves a 5f shell with four electrons in a localized multiplet hybridizing with valence states, and approximately one 5f electron forming a completely delocalized band state.
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| 7. |
- Akinchina, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Diblock polyampholytes grafted onto spherical particles: Monte Carlo simulation and lattice mean-field theory
- 2004
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 20:23, s. 10351-10360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spherical brushes composed of diblock polyampholytes (diblock copolymers with oppositely charged blocks) grafted onto solid spherical particles in aqueous solution are investigated by using the primitive model solved with Monte Carlo simulations and by lattice mean-field theory. Polyampholyte chains of two compositions are considered: a copolymer with a long and a short block, A(100)B(10), and a copolymer with two blocks of equal length, A(50)B(50). The B block is end-grafted onto the surface, and its charge is varied, whereas the charge of the A block is fixed. Single-chain properties, radial and lateral spatial distributions of different types, and structure factors are analyzed. The brush structure strongly depends on the charge of the B block. In the limit of an uncharged B block, the chains are stretched and form an extended polyelectrolyte brush. In the other limit with the charges of the blocks compensating each other, the chains are collapsed and form a polyelectrolyte complex surrounding the particles. At intermediate charge conditions, a polyelectrolyte brush and a polyelectrolyte complex coexist and constitute two substructures of the spherical brush. The differences of the brush structures formed by the A(100)B(10) and A(50)B(50) polyampholytes are also analyzed. Finally, a comparison of the predictions of the two theoretical approaches is made.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Paired multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PMRT-PCR) analysis as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for the detection of MLL fusion genes in hematologic malignancies
- 2001
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - 1476-5551. ; 15:8, s. 1293-1293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MLL gene in chromosome band 11q23 is frequently rearranged in acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias. To date, more than 50 different chromosomal regions are known to participate in translocations involving 11q23, many of which affect MLL. The pathogenetically important outcome of these rearrangements is most likely the creation of a fusion gene consisting of the 5' part of the MLL gene and the 3' end of the partner gene. Although abnormalities of the MLL gene as such are generally associated with poor survival, recent data suggest that the prognostic impact varies among the different fusion genes generated. Hence, detection of the specific chimeric gene produced is important for proper prognostication and clinical decision making. We have developed a paired multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis to facilitate a rapid and accurate detection of the most frequent MLL fusion genes in adult and childhood acute leukemias. To increase the specificity, two sets of primers were designed for each fusion gene, and these paired primer sets were run in parallel in two separate multiplex one-step PCR reactions. Using the described protocol, we were able to amplify successfully, in one single assay, the six clinically relevant fusion genes generated by the t(4;11)(q21;q23) [MLL/AF4], t(6;11)(q27;q23) [MLL/AF6], t(9;11)(p21-22;q23) [MLL/AF9], t(10;11)(p11-13;q23) [MLL/AF10], t(11;19)(q23;p13.1) [MLL/ELL], and t(11;19)(q23; p13.3) [MLL/ENL] in cell lines, as well as in patient material.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Kvinnor i fysik
- 2004
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Ingår i: KOSMOS.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Ansebo, L., et al.
(författare)
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Antennal and behavioural response of codling moth Cydia pomonella to plant volatiles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of applied entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 128:7, s. 488-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of host volatile compounds attractive to codling moth Cydia pomonella, a most important insect of apple, will contribute to the development of safe control techniques. Synthetic apple volatiles in two doses were tested for antennal and behavioural activity in codling moth. Female antennae strongly responded to (Z)3-hexenol, (Z)3-hexenyl benzoate, (Z)3-hexenyl hexanoate, (+/-)-linalool and E,E-alpha-farnesene. Two other compounds eliciting a strong antennal response were the pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, and its corresponding aldehyde, E,E-2,4-decadienal, which is a component of the larval defence secretion of the European apple sawfly. Attraction of codling moth to compounds eliciting a strong antennal response was tested in a wind tunnel. Male moths were best attracted to a blend of (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, (E)-beta-farnesene and ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate. The aldehyde E,E-2,4-decadienal had an antagonistic effect when added to the above mixture.
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| 11. |
- Arvidsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of structures in salivary secretion film formation. An experimental study with atomic force microscopy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 20:3, s. 181-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to characterise the structure dynamics of pure salivary secretions retained on controlled surfaces with different surface energies in the early stage of salivary film formation. Germanium prisms prepared to have either low surface energy or medium surface energy were incubated in fresh secretions of either human parotid saliva (HPS) or human submandibular/sublingual saliva (HSMSLS) for 15, 90, and 180 min. After controlled rinsing with distilled water, the surfaces were air dried and thereafter imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The amount of adsorbed material and the size of the structures detected increased with increased saliva exposure time. The film thicknesses varied from 10 to 150 nm, and both HPS and HSMSLS films contained structures with diameters varying from 40 nm to 2 microm. Some of these were clustered into special formations. The HPS films exhibited a more granular morphology than the HSMSLS films. Furthermore, branched lines were detected on the low surface energy germanium prisms incubated in saliva. The results indicate that exposure time, surface energy, and type of salivary secretion all are factors affecting the adsorption characteristics of salivary films.
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| 12. |
- Backman, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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Volatiles from apple (Malus domestica) eliciting antennal responses in female codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae): Effect of plant injury and sampling technique
- 2001
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 56:04-mar, s. 262-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antennal responses of codling moth females, Cydia pomonella, to volatiles from apple branches with green fruits were recorded by electroantennography coupled to gas chromatography. The antennae strongly responded to 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, linalool, beta -caryophyllene, (E)-beta -farnesene, germacrene D, (Z,E)-alpha -farnesene, (E,E)-alpha -farnesene and methyl salicylate. These compounds were all present in volatile collections on Porapak Q from both living and cut branches. Analysis by the solid phase microextraction technique (SPME) showed that the emission of some electrophysiologically active compounds increased after branches had been cut, especially 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, linalool and (E,E)-alpha -farnesene. The identification of apple volatiles eliciting antennal responses is the first step towards the identification of compounds mediating host-finding and oviposition in codling moth females.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Buckley, Patrick G, et al.
(författare)
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A full-coverage, high-resolution human chromosome 22 genomic microarrayfor clinical and research applications
- 2002
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 11:25, s. 3221-3229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have constructed the first comprehensive microarray representing a human chromosome for analysis of DNA copy number variation. This chromosome 22 array covers 34.7 Mb, representing 1.1% of the genome, with an average resolution of 75 kb. To demonstrate the utility of the array, we have applied it to profile acral melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, DiGeorge syndrome and neurofibromatosis 2. We accurately diagnosed homozygous/heterozygous deletions, amplifications/gains, IGLV/IGLC locus instability, and breakpoints of an imbalanced translocation. We further identified the 14-3-3 eta isoform as a candidate tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. Two significant methodological advances in array construction were also developed and validated. These include a strictly sequence defined, repeat-free, and non-redundant strategy for array preparation. This approach allows an increase in array resolution and analysis of any locus; disregarding common repeats, genomic clone availability and sequence redundancy. In addition, we report that the application of phi29 DNA polymerase is advantageous in microarray preparation. A broad spectrum of issues in medical research and diagnostics can be approached using the array. This well annotated and gene-rich autosome contains numerous uncharacterized disease genes. It is therefore crucial to associate these genes to specific 22q-related conditions and this array will be instrumental towards this goal. Furthermore, comprehensive epigenetic profiling of 22q-located genes and high-resolution analysis of replication timing across the entire chromosome can be studied using our array.
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| 18. |
- C Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Computerized image analysis as a tool to quantify infiltrating leukocytes : a comparison between high- and low-magnification images
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. - 0022-1554. ; 49:9, s. 79-1073
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to establish a rapid and reproducible method for quantification of tissue-infiltrating leukocytes using computerized image analysis. To achieve this, the staining procedure, the image acquisition, and the image analysis method were optimized. Because of the adaptive features of the human eye, computerized image analysis is more sensitive to variations in staining compared with manual image analysis. To minimize variations in staining, an automated immunostainer was used. With a digital scanner camera, low-magnification images could be sampled at high resolution, thus making it possible to analyze larger tissue sections. Image analysis was performed by color thresholding of the digital images based on values of hue, saturation, and intensity color mode, which we consider superior to the red, green, and blue color mode for analysis of most histological stains. To evaluate the method, we compared computerized analysis of images with a x100 or a x12.5 magnification to assess leukocytes infiltrating rat brain tumors after peripheral immunizations with tumor cells genetically modified to express rat interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or medium controls. The results generated by both methods correlated well and did not show any significant differences. The method allows efficient and reproducible processing of large tissue sections that is less time-consuming than conventional methods and can be performed with standard equipment and software.(J Histochem Cytochem 49:1073-1079, 2001)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- de Geest, S, et al.
(författare)
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Undertaking nursing interventions throughout Europe : Research activities of the working group on cardiovascular nursing of the European Society of cardiology
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 1:3, s. 167-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing is actively involved in international research though the UNITE (Undertaking Nursing Research Throughout Europe) research program, a new initiative for the WGCN. A group of cardiovascular nursing researchers from a number of different European countries committed themselves to a research group that is designed to promulgate international research in the field of cardiac nursing. The first study was a survey on coronary risk factors in a cohort of cardiac nurses from Europe. At this moment four additional studies are planned aimed at the development of the nursing profession in Europe and improvement of care for patients with chronic cardiac disease. If, as hoped, these studies prove to be successful, it will provide the seed for other international collaborations of this type.
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| 21. |
- Dolby, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression and functional characterisation of the human melanocortin 4 receptor in Sf9 cells
- 2004
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Ingår i: Protein Expression and Purification. - : Elsevier BV. - 1046-5928. ; 37:2, s. 455-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4r) was successfully expressed in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus infection system. N- and C-terminally His-tagged receptors generated B-max values of 14 and 23 pmol receptor/mg membrane protein, respectively. The highest expression level obtained with the C-terminally His-tagged MC4r corresponded to 0.25 mg active receptor/litre culture volume. Addition of a viral signal peptide at the N-terminus of the His-tagged MC4r did not improve the expression level. Confocal laser microscopy studies revealed that both the N- and C-terminally tagged MC4r did not accumulate intracellularly and were mainly located in the plasma membrane. The recombinant receptors showed similar affinity for the agonist NDP-MSH (K-d = 11 nM) as to MC4r expressed in mammalian cells. Functional coupling of the highest expressed C-terminal tagged receptor to endogenous Galpha protein was demonstrated through 6TPgammaS binding upon agonist stimulation of the receptor. K-i values for the ligands MTII, HS014, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH are comparable to the values obtained for MC4r expressed in mammalian cells. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ericson, Per G P, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Osteologisk analys av djurbensmaterialet
- 2003
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Ingår i: Arkeologi på väg: undersökningar för E18. Bronsåldersboplatsen vid Apalle i Uppland : Uppland, Övergrans socken, Apalle, RAÄ 260. - Stockholm : Avd. för arkeologiska undersökningar (UV), Riksantikvarieämbetet. ; , s. 243-317
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Forsström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Thermosyphon cooling of Chena Hot Springs Road
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cold Regions Engineering Cold Regions Impacts on Transportation and Infrastructure.. - New York : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 784406219 ; , s. 645-655
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermosyphons have been used to maintain permafrost below structures for over forty years. The Chena Hot Springs Road Test Section became operational during the fall of 1998 and includes three test sections underlain with different types of thermosyphons plus a control section. The test section overlays high-moisture-content permafrost. After two seasons, the thaw depth decreased and the freezing depth increased in all sections, including the control. Pavement edge temperatures showed a decided cooling trend which was slight for the control, more pronounced for the UAF/CRREL units and AFI flat loop evaporator units, and highest for the AFI buried units section. The centerline thermal conditions relate to the condenser size, while the pavement edge or shoulder conditions relate to the type of installation. During the winter season, the AFI buried condenser thermosyphons show surface warming and sublimation of snow closer to that of the control section, while the other two test sections are colder at the surface during the winter season.
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| 26. |
- Fu, Huamei, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The two neutrophil members of the formylpeptide receptor family activate the NADPH-oxidase through signals that differ in sensitivity to a gelsolin derived phosphoinositide-binding peptide
- 2004
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Ingår i: BMC cell biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2121. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The formylpeptide receptor family members FPR and FPRL1, expressed in myeloid phagocytes, belong to the G-protein coupled seven transmembrane receptor family (GPCRs). They share a high degree of sequence similarity, particularly in the cytoplasmic domains involved in intracellular signaling. The established model of cell activation through GPCRs states that the receptors isomerize from an inactive to an active state upon ligand binding, and this receptor transformation subsequently activates the signal transducing G-protein. Accordingly, the activation of human neutrophil FPR and FPRL1 induces identical, pertussis toxin-sensitive functional responses and a transient increase in intracellular calcium is followed by a secretory response leading to mobilization of receptors from intracellular stores, as well as a release of reactive oxygen metabolites. RESULTS: We report that a cell permeable ten amino acid peptide (PBP10) derived from the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding region of gelsolin (an uncapper of actin filaments) blocks granule mobilization as well as secretion of oxygen radicals. The inhibitory effect of PBP10 is, however, receptor specific and affects the FPRL1-, but not the FPR-, induced cellular response. The transient rise in intracellular calcium induced by the active receptors is not affected by PBP10, suggesting that the blockage occurs in a parallel, novel signaling pathway used by FPRL1 to induce oxygen radical production and secretion. Also the FPR can activate neutrophils through a PBP10-sensitive signaling pathway, but this signal is normally blocked by the cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the two very closely related chemoattractant receptors, FPR and FPRL1, use distinct signaling pathways in activation of human neutrophils. The PIP2-binding peptide PBP10 selectively inhibits FPRL1-mediated superoxide production and granule mobilization. Furthermore, the activity of this novel PBP10 sensitive pathway in neutrophils is modulated by the actin cytoskeleton network.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hakamies-Blomqvist, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving either docetaxel or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil : A multicentre randomised phase III trial by the Scandinavian breast group
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 36:11, s. 1411-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two alternative chemotherapy regimes on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced breast cancer. In a multicentre trial, 283 patients were randomised to receive either docetaxel (T) or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF). QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Initial compliance in the QoL study was 96% and the overall compliance 82%. QoL data were available for 245 patients (T 130 and 115 MF). Both treatment groups showed some improvement in emotional functioning during treatment, with a significant difference favouring the MF group at treatment cycles 5 and 6. In the T group, the scores on the other functional scales remained stable throughout the first six cycles. There were significant differences favouring the MF group on the social functioning scale at treatment cycle 6 and on the Global QoL scale at treatment cycles 5 and 6. On most symptom and single-item scales there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. However, at baseline, the T patients reported more appetite loss, at treatment cycles 2-4, the MF patients reported more nausea/vomiting, and at treatment cycle 6, the T patients reported more symptoms of fatigue, dyspnoea and insomnia. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the mean change scores of the functional and symptom scales. Interindividual variance was, however, larger in the T group. Differences in QoL between the two treatment groups were minor. Hence, given the expectancy of comparable QoL outcomes, the choice of treatment should be made on the basis of the expected clinical effect.
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| 29. |
- Hakamies-Blomqvist, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Timing of quality of life (QoL) assessments as a source of error in oncological trials
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 35:5, s. 709-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM OF THE STUDY: To produce an empirical estimate of the nature and magnitude of the error produced by incorrect timing quality of life (QoL) measurements in patients receiving chemotherapy. DESIGN: In a multicentre trial, 283 patients were randomized to receive either docetaxel (T) or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF). The QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). The study design was retrospective. Data were analysed using t-tests. RESULTS: Erroneous timing affected the QoL findings in both treatment arms. At baseline, there were statistically significant differences in the MF group on the nausea/vomiting scale, with ill-timed assessment showing more symptoms, and in the T group on the physical functioning scale with ill-timed assessments indicating better QoL. The mean scores of correct vs. incorrect timings over the first 14 cycles showed statistically significant differences on several scales. In the MF group, ill-timed assessments indicated significantly worse physical functioning and global QoL, and significantly more of the following symptoms: fatigue, nausea/vomiting, insomnia, appetite loss, and constipation. In the T group, ill-timed assessment showed better physical functioning, less dyspnoea and more insomnia than correctly timed assessments. The reasons for erroneous timing were not always detectable retrospectively. However, in some cases the MF group, being in standard treatment, seemed to have followed a clinical routine not involving the active participation of the study nurse responsible, whereas patients in the experimental T group were more consistently taken care of by the study nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Incorrect timing of QoL assessments in oncological trials jeopardises both the reliability of the QoL findings within treatment and the validity of QoL outcome comparisons between treatments. This issue should be emphasized in the planning of both the study design and clinical routines.
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| 30. |
- Hakansson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Establishment and phenotypic characterization of human U937 cells with inducible P210 BCR/ABL expression reveals upregulation of CEACAM1 (CD66a)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 18:3, s. 538-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the expression of the P210 BCR/ABL fusion protein. The molecular mechanisms behind this oncogene-mediated hematological disease are, however, not fully understood. Here, we describe the establishment and phenotypic characterization of U937 cells in which P210 BCR/ABL can be conditionally expressed using tetracycline. The induction of BCR/ABL in the obtained clones resulted in a rapid phosphorylation of the STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 molecules, consistent with the findings in other model systems. Phenotypic characterization of the clones revealed that BCR/ABL induces a slight decrease in the proliferation and viability, without a marked effect on cell cycle distribution, the rate of apoptosis or on cellular differentiation, as judged by several cell surface markers and capacity to reduce nitro blue tetrazolium. Interestingly, BCR/ABL was found to upregulate the expression of carcinoembryonic-related antigen (CEA)CAM1 (CD66a), which is a plasma membrane-linked glycoprotein belonging to the CEAs and involved in signal transduction and cellular adhesion. The expression of CEACAM1 was reversible upon imatinib treatment in BCR/ABL-expressing U937 cells as well as in BCR/ABL-positive K562 cells. The established cell lines may prove useful in further modeling and dissection of BCR/ABL-induced leukemogenesis.
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| 31. |
- Haraldsen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal management - of value in fulminant acute pancreatitis?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 3:1, s. 14-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedBackground: The multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with acute pancreatitis. Presently, therapy is merely organ supportive as no effective therapy against underlying causative pathophysiologicla mechanisms exists. Aims: To evaluate the effect of treatmetn with a platelet-activating factor inhibitor (PAFI), a monoclonal antibody against platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1-MAb) and an oxygen free radical scavenger (N-acetylcystein; NAC), alone or in combination, on systemic organ dysfunction in experimental acute pancreatitis. Methods: Severe acute pancreatitis induced in rats by the intraductal administration of tauro-deoxycholate. Treatment was given after 1 or 3 h, and evaluations were performed 6 h after induction. Organ dysfunction was evaluated by means of endothelial integrity impairment expressed as endothelial barrier leakage index. Results: Severe acute pancreatitis caused a significant impairment in endothelial integrity in all organs studied and decreased levels of protease inhibitors compared to controls. The endothelial barrier impairment was significantly ameliorated by all treatment modalities, either given early or later. Combinations of NAC and the PECAM-1-MAb or the PECAM-1-MAb and the PAFI were the only schedules to restore endothelial barrier integrity to normal levels in most of the organs studied. Conclusion: Combination therapy with NAC and PECAM-1-MAb and/or PAFI may offer effective, causative-directed supplements to organ-supportive therapy of MODS in severe acute pancreatitis.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Hoffman, C. D., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scand J Work Environ Health. ; 30:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Rhinitis is a common upper respiratory disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also accepted that allergic rhinitis may precede asthma, a disease with more serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of noninfectious rhinitis is increased after accidental gassings with ozone among bleachery workers in two pulp mills. METHODS: Bleachery workers (N=120) from two Swedish pulp mills using ozone as their bleaching agent were compared with control workers (N=80) not exposed to ozone in two adjacent paper mills. All of the participants were mailed a respiratory questionnaire that included items about asthma, noninfectious rhinitis, self-reported gassings, and smoking. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: The bleachery workers who reported gassings from ozone were found to be at increased risk of noninfectious rhinitis [HR 3.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-8.7] when compared with control workers. Bleachery workers without self-reported ozone gassings were not at increased risk (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-2.4). CONCLUSION: Acute exposure to high levels of ozone increases the risk of noninfectious rhinitis. This finding supports the view that peak exposures to irritants should be prevented in pulp mills.
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| 34. |
- Holmberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Oil-continuous microemulsions mixed with an amphiphilic graft copolymer or with the parent homopolymer - Polymer-droplet interactions as revealed by phase behavior
- 2004
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7757. ; 250:1-3, s. 325-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymer-droplet interactions have been Studied in AOT/water/isooctane oil-continuous microemulsions mixed with an amphiphilic graft copolymer. or with the parent homopolymer (AOT = sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate). The graft copolymer has an oil-soluble poly(dodecyl methacrylate) backbone and water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) side chains. Pseudo-ternary polymer/droplet/isooctane phase diagrams have been established for both the parent homopolymer and the graft copolymer, and the two types of mixture display entirely different phase behavior. The homopolymer-droplet interaction is repulsive, and a segregative phase separation occurs at high droplet concentrations. By contrast, the graft copolymer droplet interaction is attractive: the polymer is insoluble in the pure oil, but dissolves in the microemulsion. A comparatively high concentration of droplets is required to solubilize even small amounts of polymer. Static and dynamic light scattering has been performed in order to obtain information on structure and dynamics in the two types Of mixture. For optically matched microemulsions, with a vanishing excess polarizability of the droplets, the polymer dominates the intensity of scattered light. The absolute intensity of scattered light increases as phase separation is approached owing to large-scale concentration fluctuations. Dynamic light scattering shows two populations of diffusion coefficients; one Population originates from "free" microemulsion droplets and the other from the polymer (for homopolymer Mixtures) or from polymer-droplet aggregates (for mixtures with the graft copolymer). The graft copolymer forms lame polymer-droplet aggregates with a broad size distribution, which coexist with a significant fraction of free droplets. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Jönsson, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and the effect of temperature backlashes causing frost damage in Picea abies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Global and Planetary Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6364 .- 0921-8181. ; 44:1-4, s. 195-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In boreal and nemoboreal forests, tree frost hardiness is modified in reaction to cues from day length and temperature. The dehardening processes in Norway spruce, Picea abies, could be estimated to start when the daily mean temperature is above 5 degreesC for 5 days. Bud burst will occur approximately after 120-170 degree-days above 5 degreesC. dependent on genetic differences among provenances. A reduced cold hardiness level during autumn and spring and an advanced onset of bud burst are expected impacts of projected future global wart-ning. The aim of this study was to test if this will increase the risk for frost damage caused by temperature backlashes. This was tested for Sweden by comparing output from the Hadley Centre regional climate model, HadRM3H, for the period 1961-1990 with future IPCC scenario SRES A2 and B2 for 2070-2099. Different indices for calculating the susceptibility to frost damage were used to assess changes in frost damage risk. The indices were based on: (1) the start of dehardening; (2) the severity of the temperature backlash: (3) the timing of bud burst: and (4) the cold hardiness level. The start of dehardening and bud burst were calculated to occur earlier all over the country. which is in line with the overall warming in both climate change scenarios. The frequency of temperature backlashes that may cause frost damage was calculated to increase in the southern part, an effect that became gradually less pronounced towards the north. The different timing of the onset of dehardening mainly caused this systematic latitudinal pattern. In the south, it occurs early in the year when the seasonal temperature progression is slow and large temperature variations occur. In the north, dehardening will occur closer to the spring equinox when the temperature progression is faster. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Karlsson, Anna, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Different glycosphingolipid composition in human neutrophil subcellular compartments.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Glycoconjugate journal. - 0282-0080. ; 18:3, s. 231-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of a number of carbohydrate-recognizing ligands to glycosphingolipids and polyglycosylceramides of human neutrophil subcellular fractions (plasma membranes/secretory vesicles of resting and ionomycin-stimulated cells, specific and azurophil granules) was examined using the chromatogram binding assay. Several organelle-related differences in glycosphingolipid content were observed. The most prominent difference was a decreased content of the GM3 ganglioside in plasma membranes of activated neutrophils. Gangliosides recognized by anti-VIM-2 antibodies were detected mainly in the acid fractions of azurophil and specific granules. Slow-migrating gangliosides and polyglycosylceramides with Helicobacter pylori-binding activity were found in all acid fractions. A non-acid triglycosylceramide, recognized by Gal(alpha)4Gal-binding Escherichia coli, was detected in the plasma membrane/secretory vesicles but not in the azurophil and specific granules. Although no defined roles of glycosphingolipids have yet been conclusively established with respect to neutrophil function, the fact that many of the identified glycosphingolipids are stored in granules, is in agreement with their role as receptor structures that are exposed on the neutrophil cell surface upon fusion of granules with the plasma membrane. Accordingly, we show that neutrophil granules store specific carbohydrate epitopes that are upregulated to the plasma membrane upon cell activation.
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| 37. |
- Koivisto, P., et al.
(författare)
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Separation of L-DOPA and four metabolites in plasma using a porous graphitic carbon column in capillary liquid chromatography
- 2002
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Ingår i: Chromatographia. - 0009-5893 .- 1612-1112. ; 55:1-2, s. 39-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porous graphitic carbon has been successfully used for the separation of L-DOPA and four metabolites (dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-acetic acid, homovanillic acid and 3-O-methyl-L-DOPA) and with a volatile mobile phase of relatively high percentage organic modifier (methanol-ammonium formate pH 2.9, 60∶40, v/v). The substances were analysed in plasma. Ultrafiltration was used to remove the proteins from the sample and a coupled column system to enrich and perform on-line sample clean up. Both precolumn and separation column of i. d. 0.2 mm were packed with porous graphitic carbon.
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| 38. |
- Krång, Anna Sara, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The ability of the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) to follow chemical signals from con-specifics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981. ; 310:2, s. 195-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) is a tube-dwelling species that only occasionally leaves its burrow. Animals that do crawl on the sediment are mainly males, apparently in search of females. This study was designed to determine whether C volutator males and females release chemical signals that attract con-specifics, and if so, whether these signals are gender specific. Laboratory experiments were conducted on the over-wintering generation during their reproductive season, using a Y-maze choice test apparatus. The results show that C volutator females release chemical signals that attract males. In the field, the attractant may guide males in search of burrowed females. In addition, male odour tends to attract males, while females do not follow chemical signals from con-specifics. We thereby show, on gender-specific chemical attraction of this species. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Loskog, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Potent antitumor effects of CD154 transduced tumor cells in experimental bladder cancer
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 166:3, s. 1093-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Current intravesical immunotherapy for bladder cancer with bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations is standard treatment for patients with high risk superficial tumors but relapses are common. We evaluated the tumor vaccine concept in murine bladder cancer by comparing tumor cell transduction with genes coding for the immunostimulatory molecules CD154, interleukin (IL)-12 and CD80 to design a novel vaccination strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adenoviral vectors were used to transduce murine bladder cancer MB-49 cells with genes coding for CD154, IL-12 and CD80. Parental or transduced MB-49 cells were injected subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. The effects of transgene expression on tumorigenicity and the generation of protective immunological memory against challenge with parental tumor were studied. RESULTS: All 76 animals injected with parental MB-49 cells had tumors within 8 to 12 days. Tumor cell expression of CD154 combined with IL-12 completely inhibited tumor outgrowth with all 21 mice tumor-free and CD154 transduction alone was almost as effective with 33 of 35 tumor-free. IL-12 production by tumor cells delayed tumor outgrowth and 4 of 10 mice remained tumor-free. Over expression of CD80 had no effect on tumorigenicity. CD154 expressing tumors were rapidly infiltrated with large numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Mice vaccinated 4 times with adenoviral CD154 transduced MB-49 cells were completely protected against challenge with parental tumor. Co-injection of CD154 modified cells with parental MB-49 cells retarded tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental results suggest that the potent antitumor effects of CD154 gene transduction should be considered for immunostimulatory gene therapy for bladder cancer.
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| 41. |
- Lundgren, Edvin, et al.
(författare)
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Geometry of the valence transition induced surface reconstruction of Sm(0001).
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 88:13, s. 136102-136102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a structural determination of the surface reconstruction of the Sm(0001) surface using surface x-ray diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and ab initio calculations. The reconstruction is associated with a large (22%) expansion of the atomic radius for the top monolayer surface Sm atoms. The mechanism driving the surface reconstruction in Sm is unique among all elements and is connected to the strong correlations of the 4f electrons in Sm and the intermediate valence observed in certain Sm compounds. The atoms constituting the top monolayer of Sm(0001) have vastly different chemical properties compared to the layer underneath and behave as if they were an adsorbate of a different chemical species.
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| 42. |
- Meri, T, et al.
(författare)
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The hyphal and yeast forms of Candida albicans bind the complement regulator C4b-binding
- 2004
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 1098-5522. ; 72:11, s. 6633-6641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Candida albicans, an important pathogenic yeast, activates all three pathways of the complement system. To understand how this yeast evades the effects of the activated system, we have analyzed the binding of the classical pathway inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP) by C. albicans. Purified native as well as recombinant C4BP bound dose dependently to the yeast and hyphal forms, as shown by multiple methods, such as confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, absorption from human serum, and direct binding assays with purified proteins. A prominent binding site was identified at the tip of the germ tube, a structure that is considered important for tissue penetration and pathogenesis. The binding site in C4BP was localized to the two N-terminal complement control protein domains by using recombinant deletion constructs and site-specific monoclonal antibodies. As the alternative pathway inhibitors factor H and FHL-1 also bind to C. albicans, the binding of all three plasma proteins was compared. Simultaneous binding of the classical regulator C4BP and the alternative pathway regulator factor H was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. In addition, FHL-1 competed for binding with C4BP, suggesting that these two related complement regulators bind to the same structures on the yeast surface. The surface-attached C4BP maintains its complement regulatory activities and inactivates C4b. The surface-attached human C4BP serves multiple functions relevant for immune evasion and likely pathogenicity. It inhibits complement activation at the yeast surface and, in addition, mediates adhesion of C. albicans to host endothelial cells.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Nilsdotter, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Radiographic stage of osteoarthritis or sex of the patient does not predict one year outcome after total hip arthroplasty
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 60:3, s. 228-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether patients with severe radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) have a different outcome at one year after total hip replacement than patients with moderate radiographic OA. To investigate sex related differences in preoperative radiographic and self reported status and in postoperative outcome.METHODS: 184 patients (96 women) with a mean age at surgery of 71.4 years (50-92), with primary OA of the hip were investigated preoperatively and six and 12 months postoperatively with two self administered questionnaires, SF-36 and WOMAC. The radiographs were evaluated by two independent radiologists using an atlas. Minimal joint space narrowing, osteophytes, cysts, sclerosis, and deformity were assessed. A summary grade 0-3 was made, based on joint space, where 3 is severe OA. The reference population for SF-36 consisted of 2901 subjects matched for age and sex from the general Swedish population.RESULTS: 162 patients fulfilled the study criteria. 113 had grade 3, 47 grade 2, and two grade 1 radiographic OA. There was no difference in preoperative or postoperative pain and physical impairment between patients with moderate and severe radiographic OA. There were no sex related differences in preoperative radiographic status, or in postoperative outcome. Neither were any differences in preoperative radiographic status of OA found in patients with previous total hip replacement of the contralateral hip, compared with those who had not been operated on before. All patients, regardless of preoperative radiographic OA stage, showed significant postoperative improvement and at one year achieved a health related quality of life similar to that of the reference group.CONCLUSION: The severity of radiographic changes indicating OA often weighs heavily in the surgeons decision to perform a total hip replacement. Yet, the findings of this study emphasise that the preoperative radiographic stage of OA has no correlation with the postoperative outcome after one year. Furthermore, this study failed to detect any sex related differences in preoperative radiographic and self reported status or in postoperative outcome of hip replacement.
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| 45. |
- Nilsson, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Recorded storm damage in Swedish forests 1901-2000
- 2004
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7042 .- 0378-1127. ; 199:1, s. 165-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe storm damage has been a recurring problem to the Swedish forestry sector since, at least, the start of the 19th century. This short communication presents a regionally resolved time-series of storm damage in Swedish forests during the last century. Data on storm damage have been gathered from the National Board of Forestry, the Regional Forestry Boards and scientific reports. Storm damage in Swedish forests seems to have increased during the century with a peak around the 1980s. In total 110 million m 3 forest were destroyed by 77 recorded wind storms, with the severe storms in 1954 and 1969 accounting for 49% of the total damage. Reported damage in southern Sweden was normalised against the area of productive forest with trees older than 40 years, for inter annual comparisons. The geostrophic wind was used to describe the regional wind direction during the storm events. Most damage occurred during NNW to SW winds, and by winds from NNE. Apart from a possible shift in storm intensity and frequency, the increase in storm damaged trees can be attributed to changes in regeneration and thinning regimes, variations in storm damage reporting system, increase in forest cover and various damage to root architecture.
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| 46. |
- Norlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical characterization and immune system activation in blood by electrode materials in pacemaker applications
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of electrode materials in pacemaker application for electrochemical characterization and immune system activation in blood was discussed. The biocompatibility of the electrode was strongly influenced by the physical, chemical, electrochemical, and biochemical properties of the material surface. The surface properties affect the way the implant interacts with the surrounding tissue, and influence the adsorption of protein and biomolecules. Slow potentiodynamic polarization of a TaN covered electrode show a stable behavior in a wide potential range.
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| 47. |
- Ram, Sanjay, et al.
(författare)
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Binding of C4b-binding protein: A molecular mechanism of serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 193:3, s. 281-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We screened 29 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and found 16/21 strains that resisted killing by normal human serum and 0/8 serum sensitive strains that bound the complement regulator, C4b-binding protein (C4bp). Microbial surfacebound C4bp demonstrated cofactor activity. We constructed gonococcal strains with hybrid porin (Por) molecules derived from each of the major serogroups (Por1A and Por1B) of N. gonorrhoeae, and showed that the loop 1 of Por1A is required for C4bp binding. Por1B loops 5 and 7 of serum-resistant gonococci together formed a negatively charged C4bp-binding domain. C4bpPor1B interactions were ionic in nature (inhibited by high salt or by heparin), whereas the C4bpPor1A bond was hydrophobic. Only recombinant C4bp mutant molecules containing the NH2-terminal -chain short consensus repeat (SCR1) bound to both Por1A and Por1B gonococci, suggesting that SCR1 contained Por binding sites. C4bp -chain monomers did not bind gonococci, indicating that the polymeric form of C4bp was required for binding. Using fAb fragments against C4bp SCR1, C4bp binding to Por1A and Por1B strains was inhibited in a complement-dependent serum bactericidal assay. This resulted in complete killing of these otherwise fully serum resistant strains in only 10 normal serum, underscoring the importance of C4bp in mediating gonococcal serum resistance.
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| 48. |
- Ram, Sanjay, et al.
(författare)
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C4bp binding to porin mediates stable serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Immunopharmacology. - 1878-1705. ; 1:3, s. 423-432
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening of 29 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed that 16/21 serum resistant strains and 0/8 serum sensitive strains bound C4bp. suggesting that C4bp binding to gonococci could contribute to serum resistance. C4bp bound to gonococci retained cofactor (C4b-degrading) function. Using allelic exchange to construct strains with hybrid Por1A/B molecules, we demonstrate that the N-terminal loop (loop 1) of Por1A is required for C4bp binding. Serum resistant Por1B gonococcal strains also bind C4bp via their For molecule. Using allelic exchange and site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that loops 5 and 7 together form a negatively charged C4bp binding domain. C4bp-Por1B interactions are ionic in nature (inhibited by high salt as well as by heparin), while the C4bp-Por1A bond is hydrophobic. mAbs directed against SCR1 of the alpha -chain of C4bp inhibit C4bp binding to both Por1A and Por1B. Furthermore. only recombinant C4bp mutant molecules that contain alpha -chain SCR1 bind both PorlA and Por1B gonococci, confirming that SCR1 contains For binding sites. C4bp alpha -chain monomers do not bind strains with either For molecule, suggesting that the polymeric form of C4bp is required for binding to gonococci, Inhibition of C4bp binding to serum resistant Por1A and Por1B strains in a serum bactericidal assay using fAb fragments against C4bp SCR1 results in complete killing at 30 min of otherwise fully serum resistant strains in only 10% normal serum, underscoring the role of C4bp in mediating gonococcal serum resistance. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Segerman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Adenovirus type 11 uses CD46 as a cellular receptor
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 77:17, s. 9183-9191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 51 human adenovirus serotypes are divided into six species (A to F). Many adenoviruses use the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment to host cells in vitro. Species B adenoviruses do not compete with CAR-binding serotypes for binding to host cells, and it has been suggested that species B adenoviruses use a receptor other than CAR. Species B adenoviruses mainly cause disease in the respiratory tract, the eyes, and in the urinary tract. Here we demonstrate that adenovirus type 11 (Ad11; of species B) binds to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with CD46 (membrane cofactor protein)-cDNA at least 10 times more strongly than to CHO cells transfected with cDNAs encoding CAR or CD55 (decay accelerating factor). Nonpermissive CHO cells were rendered permissive to Ad11 infection upon transfection with CD46-cDNA. Soluble Ad11 fiber knob but not Ad7 or Ad5 knob inhibited binding of Ad11 virions to CD46-transfected cells, and anti-CD46 antibodies inhibited both binding of and infection by Ad11. From these results we conclude that CD46 is a cellular receptor for Ad11.
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