| 1. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(author)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
- Ahrens, J, et al.
(author)
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First measurement of the helicity-dependent (gamma)over-right-arrow(p)over-right-arrow -> p eta differential cross-section
- 2003
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In: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 17:2, s. 241-244
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The helicity dependence of the (γ) over right arrow(p) over right arrow -+ peta reaction has been measured for the first time at a center-of-mass angle theta(eta)*= 70degrees in the photon energy range from 780 MeV to 790 MeV. The experiment, performed at the Mainz microtron MAMI, used a 4pi-detector system, a circularly polarized, tagged photon beam. and a longitudinally polarized frozen-spin target. The helicity 3/2 cross-section is found to be small and the results for helicity 1/2 agree with predictions from the MAID analysis.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ahrens, J, et al.
(author)
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Helicity dependence of the (gamma)over-right-arrow (p)over-right-arrow -> n pi(+) pi(0) reaction in the second resonance region
- 2003
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 551:1-2, s. 49-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The helicity dependence of the total cross section for the (γ) over right arrow(p) over right arrownpi(+) pi(0) reaction has been measured for the first time at incident photon energies from 400 to 800 MeV The measurement was performed with the large acceptance detector DAPHNE at the tagged photon beam facility of the MAMI accelerator in Mainz. This channel is found to be excited predominantly when the photon and proton have a parallel spin orientation, due to the intermediate production of the D-13 resonance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Ahrens, J, et al.
(author)
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Helicity dependence of the gamma p -> N pi channels and multipole analysis in the Delta region
- 2004
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In: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 21:2, s. 323-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A high-quality double-polarization data set for the helicity dependence of the total and differential cross-sections for both gammap --> Npi channels in the Delta region has been obtained in the framework of the GDH experiment. The experiment, performed at the Mainz microtron MAMI, used a 4pi detection system, a circularly polarized photon beam, and a longitudinally polarized frozen-spin target. These data are included in the database to perform a multipole analysis to determine the properties of the Delta(1232)-resonance. For the resonant Delta(1232) multipoles we find a very good agreement with previous analyses, while the nonresonant ones show significant deviations.
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| 6. |
- Dutz, H, et al.
(author)
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Experimental check of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for H-1
- 2004
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 93:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the first time we checked the fundamental Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule for the proton experimentally in the photon energy range from 0.2-2.9 GeV with the tagged photon facilities at MAMI (Mainz) and ELSA (Bonn). New data of the doubly polarized total cross section difference are presented in the energy range from 1.6 to 2.9 GeV. The contribution to the GDH integral from 0.2-2.9 GeV yields [254+/-5(stat)+/-12(syst)] mub with negative contributions in the Regge regime at photon energies above 2.1 GeV. This trend supports the validity of the GDH sum rule.
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| 7. |
- Dutz, H, et al.
(author)
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First measurement of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for H-1 from 0.7 to 1.8 GeV at ELSA
- 2003
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 91:19: 192001
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To verify the fundamental Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule for the first time experimentally, we measured the helicity dependent total photoabsorption cross section with circularly polarized real photons and longitudinally polarized nucleons in the photon energy range 0.68-1.82 GeV with the tagged photon facility at ELSA. The experiment was carried out with a 4pi detection system, a circularly polarized tagged photon beam, and a frozen spin polarized proton target. The contribution to the GDH sum rule in this photon energy range is [49.9+/-2.4(stat)+/-2.2(syst)] mub.
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| 8. |
- Littleton, JM, et al.
(author)
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Challenges to medications development in treating alcohol dependence: An international perspective - Summary of a symposium held at the ESBRA Congress, Prague, 13 September 2003
- 2004
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In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502. ; 39:4, s. 271-275
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few medications for treating alcohol dependence exist. Greater partnership is needed between academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop, licence and market efficacious medications for treating alcohol dependence. Methodologies that span the divide between preclinical and large-scale clinical studies need to be developed in order to provide sufficient information on safety, toleration, drug-interaction profile and efficacy, with which to guide development decisions. Due to the heterogeneous nature of alcohol dependence, the effort of developing an efficacious medication is likely to be enhanced by clearer choices about the characteristics of the population. Careful consideration of potential mechanism of action of the putative therapeutic medication should enable the appropriate choice of drinking endpoint. The pharmaceutical industry in collaboration with academia might need to develop new approaches to determining appropriate treatment endpoints with regulatory bodies. The investment risk to industry should be appraised not only in terms of the rather poor results of previous marketing efforts but with a view to the opportunity to penetrate a potentially enormous and largely untapped market.
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| 10. |
- Anton, Sylvia, et al.
(author)
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Developmental changes in the structure and function of the central olfactory system in gregarious and solitary desert locusts
- 2002
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In: Microscopy Research and Technique. - : Wiley. - 1059-910X .- 1097-0029. ; 56:4, s. 281-291
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Desert locusts are guided by olfactory cues in different behavioural contexts. In order to understand the basis for the variable olfactory guided behaviour displayed by different developmental stages and by solitary and gregarious locusts, we investigated their central olfactory system with neuroanatomical and neurophysiological methods. The primary olfactory centre of the brain, the antennal lobe (AL), increases in size during development due to an increased number and size of glomeruli. These glomeruli are innervated by a constant number of projection neurons that display increased dendritic arborizations during the development of the locust. The anatomical parameters do not differ between gregarious and solitary locusts, In parallel with the observed neuroanatomical changes, neurophysiological changes in response spectra and response specificity of AL neurons were found. During development, the percentage of neurons responding specifically to aggregation pheromone components decreases, whereas an increase in both pheromone-generalists and plant-pheromone generalist neurons is observed. The percentage of neurons responding to green leaf volatiles, however, remains constant. A decrease in the number of nymph blend-specific neurons was also observed. Our data show that anatomical and physiological properties of the AL and its neurons to a large extent reflect the changes in olfactory guided behaviour during development and between phases. The majority of our results are also in accordance with findings that the number of olfactory receptor neurons increases during development, resulting in increasing convergence on AL neurons.
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