| 3. |
- Facanha, A L O, et al.
(författare)
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The endoplasmic reticulum cation P-type ATPase Cta4p is required for control of cell shape and microtubule dynamics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Biology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0021-9525 .- 1540-8140. ; 157:6, s. 1029-1039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we describe the phenotypic characterization of the cta(4+) gene, encoding a novel member of the P4 family of P-type ATPases of fission yeast. The cta4Delta mutant is temperature sensitive and cold sensitive lethal and displays several morphological defects in cell polarity and cytokinesis. Microtubules are generally destabilized in cells lacking Cta4p. The microtubule length is decreased, and the number of microtubules per cell is increased. This is concomitant with an increase in the number of microtubule catastrophe events in the midzone of the cell. These defects are likely due to a general imbalance in cation homeostasis. Immunofluorescence microscopy and membrane fractionation experiments revealed that green fluorescent protein-tagged Cta4 localizes to the ER. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments in living cells using the yellow cameleon indicator for Ca2+ indicated that Cta4p regulates the cellular Ca2+ concentration. Thus, our results reveal a link between cation homeostasis and the control of cell shape, microtubule dynamics, and cytokinesis, and appoint Ca2+ as a key ion in controlling these processes.
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| 4. |
- Fritzell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of lumbar fusion and nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain in the Swedish lumbar spine study : A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group
- 2004
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 29:4, s. 421-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design. A cost-effectiveness study was performed from the societal and health care perspectives. Objective. To evaluate the costs-effectiveness of lumbar fusion for chronic low back pain (CLBP) during a 2-year follow-up. Summary of Background Data. A full economic evaluation comparing costs related to treatment effects in patients with CLBP is lacking. Patients and Methods. A total of 284 of 294 patients with CLBP for at least 2 years were randomized to either lumbar fusion or a nonsurgical control group. Costs for the health care sector ( direct costs), and costs associated with production losses ( indirect costs) were calculated. Societal total costs were identified as the sum of direct and indirect costs. Treatment effects were measured using patient global assessment of improvement, back pain ( VAS), functional disability (Owestry), and return to work. Results. The societal total cost per patient ( standard deviations) in the surgical group was significantly higher than in the nonsurgical group: Swedish kroner (SEK) 704,000 ( 254,000) vs. SEK 636,000 ( 208,000). The cost per patient for the health care sector was significantly higher for the surgical group, SEK 123,000 ( 60,100) vs. 65,200 ( 38,400) for the control group. All treatment effects were significantly better after surgery. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( ICER), illustrating the extra cost per extra effect unit gained by using fusion instead of nonsurgical treatment, were for improvement: SEK 2,600 ( 600 - 5,900), for back pain: SEK 5,200 ( 1,100 - 11,500), for Oswestry: SEK 11,300 ( 1,200 - 48,000), and for return to work: SEK 4,100 ( 100 21,400). Conclusion. For both the society and the health care sectors, the 2-year costs for lumbar fusion was significantly higher compared with nonsurgical treatment but all treatment effects were significantly in favor of surgery. The probability of lumbar fusion being cost-effective increased with the value put on extra effect units gained by using surgery.
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| 5. |
- Uppgard, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish newspaper industry's changing business strategies for multi-channel publishing 1995-2004
- 2004
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Ingår i: EADOPTION AND THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY. - AMSTERDAM : I O S PRESS. - 1586034707 ; , s. 499-506
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish newspaper industry has gone through five major phases of multi channel business strategy from 1995 - 2004. The strategies have changed from "experimental learning" to "demands for profitability". Today's challenge is to understand the complex relationships between the different channels. Synergies can be achieved both for content delivery and advertising. During the spring of 2004, Swedish media have reported about several developments where the online advertising players gain ground at the expense of advertising in printed media. As a consequence of this development, major media companies in Sweden take considerable action to compete in this newborn online market. Other important challenges to handle over the years to come are; development of premium pay services, online classified advertising partnerships, display advertising packages in several channels and creation of an organization designed to promote change.
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