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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Aronsson Pär) srt2:(2010-2014)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Aronsson Pär) > (2010-2014)

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  • Aronsson, Pär, et al. (författare)
  • Gödslingsrekommendationer för Salix 2011
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • • Jämfört med att inte gödsla ökade tillväxten under ett treårigt omdrev med förädlade sorter med 59, 84 respektive 124 % vid ekonomi (engångsgiva 160 kg N/ha direkt efter skörd)- normal (60-100-60 kg N/ha under år 1-3)- respektive intensivgödsling (160 kg N/ha år), • De nya gödslingsförsöken motiverar en betydligt högre gödslingsnivå än vad som framkom i det snart 20 år gamla gödslingsförsöket på vilket hittillsvarande gödslingsrekommendation baseras, • Med gamla kloner och de låga priserna som tidigare betalades till lantbrukare för salixskörd var det sannolikt oftast ekonomiskt rätt att inte gödsla, • Om lantbrukare säljer till ett pris som motsvarar värmeverkens prissättning minus verkliga skörde- och transportkostnader är det ofta lönsamt att gödsla även gamla odlingar med låga givor, • Nya odlingar bör under motsvarande förutsättningar gödslas med minst de rekommenderade givorna (dvs minst 220 kg N/ha under ett omdrev), • Det är mycket stor spridning i resultaten mellan de olika försöksplatserna, vilket innebär att gödslingen bör anpassas till de lokala förutsättningarna, • Att låta bli att kvävegödsla odlingar kan minska lönsamheten avsevärt. En utebliven gödsling kostar upp till ca 1000 kr/ha år, • Att gödsla med traditionell gödselspridare enbart första året i omdrevet är i de flesta fall inte optimalt men avsevärt mycket lönsammare än att inte gödsla alls, med de prisförutsättningar som gäller vintern 2010/2011, • årlig gödsling kräver höggödslingsaggregat. Det finns väldigt få sådana i Sverige. Detta innebär att när det inte finns höggödslingsaggregat tillgängliga kommer det att vara mest intressant att gödsla första året i omdrevet med en traditionell gödselspridare. • Svag konkurrens, lågt utnyttjande och långa avstånd mellan fält som skall höggödslas kan komma att utgöra ett hinder mot framtida höggödsling. • Med en antagen skördeökning på 60% vid gödsling kan ogödslade, treåriga omdrev förväntas förkortas till tvååriga omdrev, och förväntade fyråriga omdrev kortas ner till treåriga omdrev. • Det saknas underlag för tydliga rekommendationer angående gödsling av förädlade sorter under det första omdrevet. Det är därför tveksamt om gödsling ska ske.; -- A fertilization trial was carried out in established short-rotation willow coppice (SRWC) plantations of two bred varieties of willow (‘Tora’ and ‘Jorr’) at five sites in central Sweden between 2008 and 2010. Mineral nitrogen was applied at four different rates: No fertilization (Control), 160 kg N/ha as a single dose after harvest (Economy), 60-100-60 kg N/ha in year 1-2-3 (Normal), and 160 kg N/ha yr in years 1-3 (Intensive), using a randomized block design with four replicates. The yield response (biomass increase per kg fertilizer-N) was 65, 67 and 46 kg in the Economy, Normal and Intensive treatments, respectively. The results from the fertilization trial were used for economic calculations of different fertilization strategies given varying costs for fertilization and marginal value of the increased yield (price received for wood chips minus the costs for harvest and transportation of wood chips to a district heating plant). Corresponding calculations were made based on data from a previous fertilization trial during the first cutting cycle of old, non-bred varieties. The calculations showed positive net present values of fertilizing bred varieties of SRWC given a realistic fertilization response and a price for wood chips close to the market price for forestry-based wood chips in Sweden. It is doubtful whether fertilization of non-bred varieties is profitable due to the lower fertilization response found in previous trials
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  • Aronsson, Pär, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of nitrogen fertilization to short-rotation willow coppice plantations grown in Sweden on yield and economy
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BioEnergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 7, s. 993-1001
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A fertilization trial was carried out in established short-rotation willow coppice (SRWC) plantations of two bred varieties of willow (Salix spp.; "Tora" and "Jorr") at five sites in central Sweden between 2008 and 2010. Mineral nitrogen was applied at four different rates: No fertilization (Control), 160 kg nitrogen ha(-1) as a single dose after harvest (Economy), 60-100-60 kg nitrogen ha(-1) in year 1-2-3 (Normal), and 160 kg nitrogen ha(-1) year(-1) in years 1-3 (Intensive), using a randomized block design with four replicates. The yield response (biomass increase per kg fertilizer nitrogen) was 65, 67 and 46 kg kg(-1) in the Economy, Normal and Intensive treatments, respectively. The results from the fertilization trial were used for economic calculations of different fertilization strategies given varying costs for fertilization and marginal value of the increased yield (price received for wood chips minus the costs for harvest and transportation of wood chips to a district heating plant). Comparative calculations were made based on data from a previous fertilization trial during the first cutting cycle of old, non-bred varieties. The calculations showed positive net present values of fertilizing bred willow varieties given a realistic fertilization response and a price for wood chips close to the market price for forestry-based wood chips in Sweden.
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  • Aronsson, Pär, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment of landfill leachate by irrigation of willow coppice - Plant response and treatment efficiency
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 158:3, s. 795-804
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Landfill leachates usually need to be treated before discharged. and using soil-plant systems for this has gained substantial interest in Sweden and in the UK A three-year field study was conducted in central Sweden to quantify plant response, treatment efficiency and impact on groundwater quality of landfill leachate irrigation of short-rotation willow coppice (Salix) Two willow varieties were tested and four irrigation regimes in sixteen 400-m(2) plots. The willow plants did not react negatively, despite very high annual loads of nitrogen (<= 2160 kg N/ha), chloride (<= 8600 kg Cl/ha) and other elements. Mean annual growth was 15. 98 and 12.6 tonnes DM/ha during years 1-3 For one of two willow varieties tested. relative leaf length accurately predicted growth rate. Irrigation resulted in elevated groundwater concentrations of all elements applied. Treatment efficiency varied considerably for different elements, but was adequate when moderate loads were applied. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
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  • Dahlin, Torleif, et al. (författare)
  • Soil resistivity monitoring of an irrigation experiment
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Near Surface Geophysics. - : Wiley. - 1873-0604 .- 1569-4445. ; 12:1, s. 35-43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Resistivity measurements were used for tracing water transport during a three-year irrigation study. Three different rates of landfill leachate irrigation and one control treatment were applied to two cultivars of short-rotation willow coppice. Groundwater level measurements and water sampling were carried out in pipes installed in the centre of each plot. Resistivity was measured with permanently installed electrodes along six lines running through the centre of the plots. The resistivity results were inverted to produce vertical sections of ground resistivity at different time steps and as change in resistivity relative to the start of the experiment. Changes in resistivity linked to differences in irrigation quantities and plant growth were observed. The results showed that a repeated soil resistivity measurement has the potential as a tool to monitor changes in soil water and ion contents. Furthermore, expanding zones of increasing soil resistivity immediately under and around the plants indicate that the method may be useful for imaging plant root development.
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  • Dimitriou, Ioannis, et al. (författare)
  • RATING-SRC Final Report
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Hedmark, Åsa, et al. (författare)
  • Comparison of Planted Soil Infiltration Systems for Treatment of Log Yard Runoff
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Water Environment Research. - 1061-4303. ; 82, s. 666-669
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Treatment of log yard runoff is required to avoid contamination of receiving watercourses. The research aim was to assess if infiltration of log yard runoff through planted soil systems is successful and if different plant species affect the treatment performance at a field-scale experimental site in Sweden (2005 to 2007). Contaminated runoff from the log yard of a sawmill was infiltrated through soil planted with Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gartner (common alder), Salix schweriniixviminalis (willow variety "Gudrun''), Lolium perenne (L.) (rye grass), and Phalaris arundinacea (L.) (reed canary grass). The study concluded that there were no treatment differences when comparing the four different plants with each other, and there also were no differences between the tree and the grass species. Furthermore, the infiltration treatment was effective in reducing total organic carbon (55%) and total phosphorus (45%) concentrations in the runoff, even when the loads on the infiltration system increased from year to year. Water Environ. Res., 82, 666 (2010).
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  • Langeveld, H., et al. (författare)
  • Assessing Environmental Impacts of Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) Expansion: Model Definition and Preliminary Results
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1242 .- 1939-1234. ; 5:3, s. 621-635
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Short rotation coppice (SRC) systems can play a role as feedstock for bioenergy supply contributing to EU energy and climate policy targets. A scenario depicting intensive arable crop cultivation in a homogeneous landscape (lacking habitat structures) was compared to a scenario including SRC cultivation on 20 % of arable land. A range of indicators was selected to assess the consequences of SRC on soil, water and biodiversity, using data from the Rating-SRC project (Sweden and Germany). The results of the assessment were presented using spider diagrams. Establishment and use of SRC for bioenergy has both positive and negative effects. The former include increased carbon sequestration and reduced GHG emissions as well as reduced soil erosion, groundwater nitrate and surface runoff. SRC can be used in phytoremediation and improves plant and breeding bird biodiversity (exceptions: grassland and arable land species) but should not be applied in dry areas or on soils high in toxic trace elements (exception: cadmium). The scenario-based analysis was found useful for studying the consequences of SRC cultivation at larger scales. Limitations of the approach are related to data requirements and compatibility and its restricted ability to cover spatial diversity and dynamic processes. The findings should not be generalised beyond the representativeness of the data used.
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  • Mola-Yudego, Blas, et al. (författare)
  • A conceptual framework for the introduction of energy crops
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481. ; 72, s. 29-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is currently limited experience on the introduction of new commercial crops as a source of raw material for energy uses. The present paper analyses the introduction and development of commercial willow plantations in Sweden during the period 1986-2005. A general framework is constructed in order to identify all the factors and interrelations that can describe the introduction and expansion of willow as an alternative crop for the production of raw material for energy. The factors are identified and analysed based on a broad database of information from commercial plantations, covering almost all existing plantations, and on documents referring to existing academic literature or official reports. The analysis provides with lessons that can be useful for the introduction of new energy crops in other countries and shows the possible contradictions in policy applications. The analysis confirms that stable policies and long-term contracts reduce the uncertainties associated with the cultivation. The results of this study can be of value for other countries aiming at the introduction of new crops for bioenergy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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  • Mola-Yudego, Blas, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of energy production based on long term commercial willow plantations in Sweden
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 421, s. 210-219
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present paper analyzed the environmental assessment of short rotation willow plantations in Sweden based on the standard framework of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) from the International Standards Organisation. The analysis is focused on two alternative management regimes for willow plantations dedicated to biomass production for energy purposes. The data used included the averages of a large sample of commercial plantations. One of the scenarios is carried out under nitrogen based fertilized conditions and the other under non-fertilized management with total biomass yields (dry weight) of 140 t/ha and 86 t/ha over a 21 and 22-year life time respectively. The environmental profile was analyzed in terms of the potentials for abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone layer depletion, photochemical oxidant formation, human toxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. In addition, an energy analysis was performed using the cumulative energy demand method (CEO). The application of nitrogen based fertilizers allows an increase in the biomass yield per ha of up to 40% although the contributions to almost all impact categories, particularly the eutrophication potential and toxicity potential impact categories are also considerably higher. Conversely, due to the higher biomass yields achieved with fertilization of these willow plantations, that regime presents a better overall environmental profile in terms of energy yield and global warming potential. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • Vinnerås, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in manure-amended soils studied in outdoor lysimeters
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393 .- 1873-0272. ; 46, s. 398-404
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (CCUG 44857) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was investigated in two agricultural soils (sandy loam and silty clay) amended with poultry manure, cattle manure slurry or human urine. The study was performed in soil lysimeters placed outdoors, and was repeated over two consecutive years. The amendments, inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium, were mixed with soil on the top of the lysimeters. Samples were collected from the top 5-cm layer of each lysimeter at regular intervals, and the inactivation was monitored over 6 months, by the plate spread method and by enrichment. The inactivation was modelled by fitting a non-linear model to the data, and pathogen reduction times were calculated (90 and 99% reduction). The results showed that the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium varied depending on the manure type used and its carbon content. The longest inactivation time occurred in samples amended with poultry manure, in which both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were detected up to day 90 with the spread plate method. The most rapid inactivation for both pathogens occurred in soil amended with urine. However, low amounts of culturable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were detected by enrichment throughout the study period (180 days), regardless of manure type
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