| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing Dynamic Programming Optimal Control Strategies for a Series Hybrid Drivetrain
- 2017
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; 2017-October
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A two-state forward dynamic programming algorithm is evaluated in a series hybrid drive-train application with the objective to minimize fuel consumption when look-ahead information is available. The states in the new method are battery state-of-charge and engine speed. The new method is compared to one-state dynamic programming optimization methods where the requested generator power is found such that the fuel consumption is minimized and engine speed is given by the optimum power-speed efficiency line. The other method compared is to run the engine at a given operating point where the system efficiency is highest, finding the combination of engine run requests over the drive-cycle that minimizes the fuel consumption. The work has included the engine torque and generator power as control signals and is evaluated in a full vehicle-simulation model based on the Volvo Car Corporation VSIM tool. Lowest fuel consumption is obtained by the new two-state method, with 12 % less fuel consumed compared to operating the engine in the system efficiency sweet spot.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nordborg, Maria, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Updated indicators of Swedish national human toxicity and ecotoxicity footprints using USEtox 2.01
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW. - : Elsevier. - 0195-9255. ; 62, s. 110-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent paper, Sorme et al. (Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 56, 2016), took a first step towards an indicator of a national chemical footprint, and applied it to Sweden. Using USEtox 1.01, they calculated national impact potentials for human toxicity and ecotoxicity. The results showed that zinc dominated impacts, both for human toxicity and ecotoxicity. We calculated updated indicators of the Swedish national human toxicity and ecotoxicity footprint using USEtox 2.01. We also compared impact potentials based on USEtox with the mass of chemical emissions. The two model versions produced relatively consistent results. Zinc is still a major contributor to the human toxicity and ecotoxicity impact potentials when-characterized with USEtox 2.01. The mass-based indicator pinpoints somewhat different substances than the impact-based indicators.
|
|
