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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Constructing knowledge-based regional advantage : Implications for regional innovation policy
- 2007
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In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 7:2-5, s. 140-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an 'unpacking' of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and competitiveness by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, this paper presents and discusses three dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to (1) specific industrial knowledge bases, (2) globally distributed knowledge networks and (3) different territorial competence bases.
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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Contextualising Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalising Learning Economy: On Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks
- 2006
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In: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 31:1, s. 163-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to advance the understanding of which types of regional innovation system represent effective innovation support for what kinds of industry in different regions analyses must be contextualized by reference to the actual knowledge base of various industries as well as to the regional and national institutional framework, which strongly shape the innovation processes of firms. Of special importance is the linkage between the larger institutional frameworks of the national innovation and business systems, and the character of regional innovation systems. In making the arguments about a general correspondence between the macro-institutional characteristics of the economy and the dominant form and character of its regional innovation systems a link is provided to the literature on varieties of capitalism and national business systems.
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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Contextualizing Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalizing Learning Economy: On Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks
- 2005
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to advance the understanding of which types of regional innovation system represent effective innovation support for what kinds of industry in different regions analyses must be contextualised by reference to the actual knowledge base of various industries as well as to the regional and national institutional framework, which strongly shape the innovation processes of firms. Of special importance is the linkage between the larger institutional frameworks of the national innovation and business systems, and the character of regional innovation systems. In making the arguments about a general correspondence between the macro-institutional characteristics of the economy and the dominant form and character of its regional innovation systems a link is provided to the literature on varieties of capitalism and national business systems.
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- Asheim, Björn
(author)
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Differentiated Knowledge Bases and Varieties of Regional Innovation Systems
- 2007
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In: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1351-1610 .- 1469-8412. ; 20:3, s. 223-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article introduces a theoretical and analytical framework for discussing regional development and regional advantage with reference to a regional innovation system strategy. It uses the differentiated knowledge base approach to transcend the traditional codified-tacit dichotomy of knowledge, and for providing a trans-sectoral understanding of economic activities. Different regional innovation systems are presented and described. The discussion of various types of regional innovation systems is contextualized using a variety of capitalist perspectives. The article concludes by discussing the question if regional innovation systems can exist.
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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Economic Geography as (Regional) Contexts
- 2006
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In: Economic geography : past, present and future. - 0415367840 - 9780415367844 ; , s. 173-185
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 16. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Face-to-Face, Buzz and Knowledge Bases: Socio-spatial implications for learning and innovation policy
- 2005
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- While concurring with the new streams of literature in geography that highlight the importance of face-to-face and buzz in the globalizing learning economy, the article argues that this literature is misleading on three interrelated accounts. Firstly, it conflates face-to-face and buzz; secondly, it fails to distinguish between the importance of face-to-face and buzz for industries drawing on different knowledge bases, and thirdly, these conceptual inadequacies lead to an exaggeration of the importance of cities as sites for creativity and innovation, and hence regional competitiveness. BY applying an industrial knowledge base approach the article seeks to reconstruct an alternative framework that allows for a systematic differentiation between the importance of both face-to-face and buzz for different industries. This provides a framework for developing a more nuanced understanding of the spatial implications of face-to face communication and buzz for learning and innovation.
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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Face-to-Face, Buzz and Knowledge Bases: Socio-Spatial Implications for Learning, Innovation and Innovation Policy
- 2007
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In: Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1472-3425 .- 0263-774X. ; 25:5, s. 655-670
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whilst concurring with the new streams of literature in geography that highlight the importance of face-to-face and ‘buzz’ in the globalizing learning economy, we argue that this literature is misleading on three interrelated counts. Firstly, it conflates face-to-face and buzz; secondly, it fails to distinguish between the importance of face-to-face and buzz for industries drawing on different knowledge bases; and, thirdly, these conceptual inadequacies lead to an exaggeration of the importance of cities as sites for creativity and innovation, and hence regional competitiveness. By applying an industrial knowledge base approach, we seek to reconstruct an alternative framework that allows for a systematic differentiation between the importance of face-to-face and buzz for different industries. This provides a framework for developing a more nuanced understanding of the spatial implications of face-to-face communication and buzz for learning and innovation.
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- Asheim, Björn
(author)
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Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Creative Class in European City Regions
- 2009
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In: Economic Geography. - 0013-0095. ; 85:4, s. 355-362
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This special issue presents the results of a European research project on the creative class in European city regions. In this introduction, the need for contextualizing the approach is underlined, taking into account the differences between the United States, where Richard Florida's ideas were developed, and Europe. In modifying the approach to suit European conditions, varieties of capitalism and social capital perspectives were applied.
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- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters.
- 2005
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 34:8, s. 1173-1190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The analysis of the importance of different types of regional innovation systems must take place within a context of the actual knowledge base of various industries in the economy, as the innovation processes of firms are strongly shaped by their specific knowledge base. In this paper, we shall distinguish between two types of knowledge base: analytical and synthetic. These types indicate different mixes of tacit and codified knowledge, codification possibilities and limits, qualifications and skills, required organisations and institutions involved, as well as specific competitive challenges from a globalising economy, which have different implications for different sectors of industry, and, thus, for the kind of innovation support needed. The traditional constellation of industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organisations, constituting a regional innovation system, is nearly always to be found in contexts of industries with a synthetic knowledge base (e.g. engineering-based industries), while the existence of regional innovation systems as an integral part of a cluster will normally be the case of industries-based on an analytical knowledge base (e.g. science-based industries, such as IT and bio-tech). In the discussion of different types of regional innovation systems five empirical illustrations from a Nordic comparative project on SMEs and regional innovation systems will be used: the furniture industry in Salling, Denmark; the wireless communication industry in North Jutland, Denmark; the functional food industry in Scania, Sweden; the food industry in Rogaland, Norway and the electronics industry in Horten, Norway. We argue that in terms of innovation policy the regional level often provides a grounded approach embedded in networks of actors acknowledging the importance of the knowledge base of an industry.
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| 25. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge Bases, Talents, and Contexts: On the Usefulness of the Creative Class Approach in Sweden
- 2009
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In: Economic Geography. - 0013-0095. ; 85:4, s. 425-442
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The geography of the creative class and its impact on regional development has been debated for some years. While the ideas of Richard Florida have permeated local and regional planning strategies in most parts of the Western world, critiques have been numerous. Florida's 3T's (technology, talent, and tolerance) have been adopted without considering whether the theory fits into the settings of a specific urban and regional context. This article aims to contextualize and unpack the creative class approach by applying the knowledge-base approach and break down the rigid assumption that all people in the creative class share common locational preferences. We argue that the creative class draws on three different knowledge bases: synthetic, analytical, and symbolic, which have different implications for people's residential locational preferences with respect to a people climate and a business climate. Furthermore, the dominating knowledge base in a region has an influence on the importance of a people climate and a business climate for attracting and retaining talent. In this article, we present an empirical analysis in support of these arguments using original Swedish data.
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| 29. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Regional Development: Learning Regions
- 2008
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In: International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. - 9780080449111 - 0080449115
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 31. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Regional Innovation System Policy: a Knowledge-based Approach
- 2005
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an unpacking of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and growth by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, the paper presents and discusses five dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to different perspectives that originate in different industrial knowledge bases, different territorial competence bases, the distributed knowledge base, the importance of creative knowledge environments and different institutional frameworks.
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| 32. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Regional innovation systems in Asian countries: A new way of exploiting the benefits of transnational corporations
- 2006
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In: Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice. - 1447-9338. ; 8:1-2, s. 27-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper argues for the importance of using the regional innovation systems (RIS) approach as both an analytical framework and a policy tool for generating economic development in developing countries. The paper reconceptualizes the RIS-model to the context of developing countries. RIS is normally based on endogenous growth models; however, in this paper we extend it to rely on external capital, transnational knowledge sources and transnational corporations (TNCs). In particular we stress - the importance of developing firm and regional absorptive capacity; the importance of embedding TNCs in the region; and regional policies for attaining these goals. These factors, we argue, are important for achieving sustainable economic development, building on exogenous sources of capital and knowledge. Finally, we illustrate the relevance of RIS for analyzing as well as formulating regional development policies by referring to two of Asia's most significant cases: Shanghai's (China) and Bangalore's (India) regional innovation systems.
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| 48. |
- Benneworth, Paul, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the Multiple Roles of Lund University in Strengthening Scania's Regional Innovation System: Towards Institutional Learning?
- 2009
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In: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-5944 .- 0965-4313. ; 17:11, s. 1645-1664
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Universities are increasingly seen as potential contributors to regional innovative capacity by serving as local knowledge conduits, bringing global state-of-the-art science and technology into the region. In practice, however, more active university engagement with their regional innovation systems is not as straightforward as it may seem. The article uses examples from a successful case by which less successful regions could be inspired. Our analysis considers how various forms of technological learning intersecting within Lund University around three distinct sectoral engagement efforts have been built up and how this created new structural regional innovation capacity.
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- Coenen, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Comparing a pharmaceutical and an agro-food bioregion: on the importance of knowledge bases for socio-spatial patterns of innovation
- 2006
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In: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 13:1, s. 393-414
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to compare the socio-spatial patterns of innovation and knowledge linkages of a biopharmaceutical and an agro-food biotech cluster. Dissimilarities can be expected based on differences in terms of historical technological regimes and sectoral innovation system dynamics between the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries in general and particularly the distinctive analytical (science-based) knowledge base of biopharmaceuticals in contrast with the more synthetic (engineering-based) knowledge base of agro-food biotechnology. Drawing on bibliometric data and case material the study compares two representative bioregions: a biopharmaceutical cluster in Scania, Sweden and an agro-food biotech cluster in Saskatoon, Canada. The empirical study supports the theoretical expectations and shows that knowledge dynamics in the agro-food cluster are more localized than in the biopharmaceuticals cluster. It is important, however, to acknowledge that these differences are relative. Both sectors display local and non-local patterns of collaboration following the general pattern for biotechnology.
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